Lightning protection device for high-voltage transmission line based on insulator

Abstract

The invention provides a high-voltage power transmission line lightning protection device based on an insulator, and relates to the technical field of high-voltage power transmission line lightning protection. In the device, the top of an insulator string is mounted on an electric tower, and a high-voltage transmission line passes through the bottom of the insulator string; the lightning rod is installed on the top of the insulator string. The lightning protection mechanism is detachably connected to one side of the insulator string, the bottom of the lightning rod is electrically connected to the lightning protection mechanism, and lightning current is led into the ground through the lightning protection mechanism or discharged through the lightning protection mechanism or cut off through the lightning protection mechanism. When lightning stroke occurs, lightning current is introduced into the lightning protection mechanism through the lightning rod. When the amplitude of the lightning current is small and the duration is short, the lightning current is smoothly discharged into the ground after passing through the lightning protection mechanism. When the amplitude of the lightning current is too large or lasts for a long time, the lightning current is discharged after passing through the lightning protection mechanism or the lightning guide channel is cut off through the lightning protection mechanism. As a whole, the device can cope with different lightning stroke conditions, and effectively reduces the lightning stroke risk.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lightning protection technology for high-voltage transmission lines, and in particular to a lightning protection device for high-voltage transmission lines based on insulators. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous growth of electricity demand, the safe and stable operation of high-voltage transmission lines is of paramount importance. Lightning strikes, as one of the major natural disasters affecting the operation of high-voltage transmission lines, can generate powerful overvoltages and overcurrents, which can easily cause insulator flashover breakdown, line tripping, and even equipment damage, seriously threatening the reliability and stability of the power system.

[0003] Currently, there are many problems with the lightning protection devices for high-voltage transmission lines on the market. Some lightning protection devices have complex structures and tightly connected components, making it difficult to replace individual insulators when they are damaged, resulting in high maintenance costs and low efficiency. Some lightning protection devices cannot automatically cut off the conducting circuit after being struck by lightning, and the continued conduction reduces the insulation performance of the insulators, making the line face a higher risk of lightning strikes in subsequent operation. In addition, some lightning protection devices have poor adaptability to different environments and voltage levels, making it difficult to meet diverse power transmission needs.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a lightning protection device for high-voltage transmission lines based on insulators that can cope with different lightning strike situations and effectively reduce the risk of lightning strikes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a lightning protection device for high-voltage transmission lines based on insulators, which solves the technical problems of existing lightning protection devices having poor adaptability to different environments and voltage levels, and high risk. The various technical effects of the preferred technical solutions provided by this invention are detailed below.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a lightning protection device for high-voltage transmission lines based on insulators, comprising:

[0008] An insulator string, the top of which is mounted on a power tower, and a high-voltage transmission line passing through the bottom of the insulator string;

[0009] A lightning rod, which is installed on top of the insulator string;

[0010] A lightning protection mechanism is detachably connected to one side of the insulator string. The bottom of the lightning rod is electrically connected to the lightning protection mechanism, and the lightning current is introduced into the ground, discharged, or cut off through the lightning protection mechanism.

[0011] Preferably, the lightning protection mechanism includes:

[0012] The enclosure is detachably connected to one side of the insulator string;

[0013] The self-resetting circuit breaker unit is installed inside the enclosure and is electrically connected to the ground wire;

[0014] A current monitoring module is installed inside the enclosure and electrically connected between the bottom of the lightning rod and the self-resetting circuit breaker unit.

[0015] Preferably, the self-recovering circuit breaker unit includes:

[0016] A voltage limiting element and an electromagnetic relay are installed inside the enclosure. The voltage limiting element is electrically connected to the current monitoring module, and the electromagnetic relay is electrically connected to the ground wire.

[0017] A fusible alloy and a gas discharge tube are arranged in parallel and electrically connected between the pressure limiting element and the electromagnetic relay, respectively.

[0018] Preferably, the self-recovering circuit breaker unit includes:

[0019] A voltage limiting element and an electromagnetic relay are installed inside the housing, and the voltage limiting element is electrically connected to the current monitoring module.

[0020] The fusible alloy and the gas discharge tube are connected in sequence to the ground wire.

[0021] Preferably, the self-recovering circuit breaker unit further includes:

[0022] A first conductive tab and a second conductive tab are rotatably connected to the housing, and the two ends of the fusible alloy are conductive through the first conductive tab and the second conductive tab, respectively.

[0023] Preferably, the self-recovering circuit breaker unit further includes:

[0024] A guide plate is slidably connected to the housing. A plurality of fusible alloys are installed on the guide plate at equal intervals. The fusible alloy between the first conductive lever and the second conductive lever is replaced by sliding the guide plate. The open state of the electromagnetic relay is adjusted to the closed state by sliding the guide plate.

[0025] A gear set is installed inside the housing and is connected to the guide plate for transmission.

[0026] Preferably, the self-recovering circuit breaker unit further includes:

[0027] Two sets of spring contacts are respectively located between the first conductive paddle and the inner wall of the housing, and between the second conductive paddle and the inner wall of the housing. The first ends of the two sets of spring contacts are respectively installed on the inner wall of the housing, and the second ends of the two sets of spring contacts are respectively in contact with the side walls of the first conductive paddle and the second conductive paddle.

[0028] Electrode blocks, two sets of the electrode blocks are respectively fixedly connected in the guide plate, and the fusible alloy is connected between the two sets of the electrode blocks;

[0029] An arc-shaped protrusion is fixedly connected inside the guide plate and is disposed opposite to the electrode block. The first conductive tab and the second conductive tab are respectively disposed opposite to the arc-shaped surface on one side of the arc-shaped protrusion.

[0030] Preferably, the side of the arc-shaped protrusion opposite to the electrode block is set as a plane, and the end of the electrode block near the arc-shaped surface is extended.

[0031] Preferably, the self-recovering circuit breaker unit further includes:

[0032] A number of push plates are sequentially fixedly connected to the outer wall of the guide plate and arranged along the sliding direction of the guide plate. When the electromagnetic relay is in the open state, the dial switch is located between the two sets of push plates. When the electromagnetic relay is in the closed state, the dial switch is disengaged from the two sets of push plates.

[0033] Preferably, the gear set includes:

[0034] The first gear and the second gear are meshed and rotatably connected to the inner side wall of the housing, and an operating handle is inserted into the rotating shaft of the second gear.

[0035] A first rack and a second rack are arranged parallel to each other and are respectively fixedly connected to one side of the guide plate. The first gear meshes with the first rack, and the second gear meshes with the second rack.

[0036] In the technical solution provided by this invention, a lightning rod is installed at the top of an insulator string. When a lightning strike occurs, the lightning current is introduced into the lightning protection mechanism through the lightning rod. When the lightning current amplitude is small and the duration is short, the lightning current is smoothly discharged into the ground after passing through the lightning protection mechanism. When the lightning current amplitude is too large or the duration is long, the lightning current is discharged after passing through the lightning protection mechanism or the lightning conduction path is cut off by the lightning protection mechanism. Overall, this application can cope with different lightning strike situations and effectively reduce the risk of lightning strikes. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the lightning guide direction in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the lightning guide direction in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the lightning rod, insulator string, and lightning protection mechanism of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the guide plate and gear set in the main view direction of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a top view of the electrode block and arc-shaped protrusion in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting bracket structure in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0044] In the diagram: 1-Lightning rod; 2-Power tower; 3-Conductive braided tape; 4-Insulator string; 5-Mounting bracket; 501-First bracket; 502-Second bracket; 503-First adapter half-hole; 504-Second adapter half-hole; 505-Fastening bolt; 506-Limiting block; 6-Box; 7-Operating hole; 8-Ground wire; 9-Third bracket; 10-Spring; 11-First conductive lever; 12-Chain guide plate; 13-Electrode block; 14-Mounting plate; 15-Window; 16-Fuse alloy; 17-First gear; 18-Second gear; 19-Operating handle; 20-First rack; 21-Second rack; 22-Push plate; 23-Pulley switch; 24-Electromagnetic relay; 25-Second conductive lever; 26-Fourth bracket; 27-Partition plate; 28-Arc-shaped protrusion. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0046] refer to Figure 1-6 Example 1: A specific embodiment of the present invention provides a high-voltage transmission line lightning protection device based on insulators, comprising:

[0047] Insulator string 4, the top of insulator string 4 is installed on power tower 2, and the high-voltage transmission line passes through the bottom of insulator string 4;

[0048] Lightning rod 1 is installed on top of insulator string 4;

[0049] The lightning protection mechanism is detachably connected to one side of the insulator string 4. The bottom of the lightning rod 1 is electrically connected to the lightning protection mechanism, and the lightning current is introduced into the ground, discharged, or cut off through the lightning protection mechanism.

[0050] Currently, some lightning protection devices on the market have complex structures, making it difficult to replace damaged insulators individually, resulting in high maintenance costs and low efficiency. Some lightning protection devices fail to automatically cut off the conduction circuit after a lightning strike, remaining in a conductive state, which reduces the insulation performance of the insulators and exposes the line to higher lightning strike risks during subsequent operation. Furthermore, some lightning protection devices have poor adaptability to different environments and voltage levels, making it difficult to meet diverse power transmission needs. In this application, a lightning rod 1 is installed at the top of the insulator string 4. When a lightning strike occurs, the lightning current is introduced into the lightning protection mechanism through the lightning rod 1. When the lightning current amplitude is small and the duration is short, the lightning current is smoothly discharged into the ground after passing through the lightning protection mechanism. When the lightning current amplitude is too large or the duration is long, the lightning current is discharged after passing through the lightning protection mechanism or the lightning conductor path is cut off by the lightning protection mechanism. Overall, this application can cope with different lightning strike situations and effectively reduce lightning strike risks.

[0051] The lightning protection system has been further optimized, and the lightning protection components include:

[0052] Box 6, which is detachably connected to one side of insulator string 4;

[0053] The self-resetting circuit breaker unit is installed inside the enclosure 6 and is electrically connected to the ground wire 8;

[0054] The current monitoring module is installed inside the enclosure 6 and is electrically connected between the bottom of the lightning rod 1 and the self-resetting circuit breaker unit. The bottom of the lightning rod 1 is electrically connected to the current monitoring module via conductive braided tape 3.

[0055] The current monitoring module consists of a Hall sensor and a signal processing circuit. It can monitor the magnitude of the lightning current in real time and transmit the signal to the self-resetting circuit breaker unit. The main function of the self-resetting circuit breaker unit is to introduce the lightning current into the ground or discharge the lightning current. After discharge, it automatically cuts off the lightning conduction channel, which makes it convenient for maintenance personnel to reset the device after a lightning strike.

[0056] The scheme has been further optimized, and the self-recovering circuit breaker unit includes:

[0057] The voltage limiting element and the electromagnetic relay 24 are installed inside the housing 6. The voltage limiting element is electrically connected to the current monitoring module, and the electromagnetic relay 24 is electrically connected to the ground wire 8.

[0058] The fusible alloy 16 and the gas discharge tube are connected in parallel and electrically connected between the pressure limiting element and the electromagnetic relay 24, respectively.

[0059] The voltage limiting element is a multi-layer metal oxide surge arrester (MOA), containing multiple nonlinear resistive element units connected in series via silver electrode layers. Each end of the voltage limiting element has a quick-plug electrical connector; one end connects to the conductive connector of the current monitoring module, and the other end connects to the gas discharge tube via a high-temperature resistant insulated wire and fusible alloy 16. A temperature sensor and status indicator light are integrated on the surface of the voltage limiting element. The temperature sensor monitors the operating temperature of the voltage limiting element in real time, and the status indicator light visually displays the operating status of the voltage limiting element, issuing a warning signal when an abnormality occurs.

[0060] The flashover voltage of the insulator string is higher than the breakdown voltage of the self-resetting circuit breaker unit (fusible alloy 16, gas discharge tube), ensuring that the lightning current is discharged preferentially through the self-resetting circuit breaker unit, thus avoiding the breakdown and damage of the insulator string.

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, when a lightning strike occurs, the voltage limiting element senses an overvoltage upon receiving the signal. Its internal nonlinear resistive element rapidly reduces its resistance, limiting the overvoltage to a safe range. If the lightning current amplitude is small and the duration is short, the fusible alloy will not melt, and the lightning current will be successfully discharged into the ground through the voltage limiting element, the self-resetting circuit breaker (the gas discharge tube is not triggered, and the electromagnetic relay 24 remains closed), and the grounding connection.

[0062] If the lightning current amplitude is too large or the duration is too long, the fusible alloy 16 will rapidly melt due to the heat generated by the lightning current. Simultaneously, the overvoltage output of the voltage limiting element triggers the gas discharge tube to conduct. The pulse signal generated by the gas discharge tube triggers the electromagnetic relay 24 to operate, which quickly cuts off the lightning conduction channel, causing the lightning protection device to actively shut down after the lightning discharge and restore the original lightning protection voltage gap insulation level of the insulator string. During this process, the temperature sensor and status indicator light on the surface of the voltage limiting element monitor its operating status in real time, and issue timely warnings if any abnormalities occur.

[0063] The breakdown voltage of the gas discharge tube is less than the flashover voltage of the insulator; the operating current of the electromagnetic relay 24 coil is less than the minimum conducting current of the gas discharge tube; the fusing current of the fusible alloy 16 is greater than the normal operating current of the line and less than the overcurrent when the gas discharge tube is continuously conducting.

[0064] Example 2: The difference between this example and Example 1 is only that the self-recovering circuit breaker unit includes:

[0065] The voltage limiting element and the electromagnetic relay 24 are installed inside the housing 6, and the voltage limiting element is electrically connected to the current monitoring module.

[0066] The fusible alloy 16 and the gas discharge tube, the pressure limiting element, the gas discharge tube, the fusible alloy 16, the electromagnetic relay 24 and the ground wire 8 are connected in sequence.

[0067] Under normal operating conditions, the gas discharge tube is in a high-resistance insulation state (the breakdown voltage is preset to 80% of the insulator flashover voltage, such as 10kV), and together with the insulation gap of the insulator, it maintains the line insulation. When the electromagnetic relay is not normally closed (armature not engaged), its contacts connect the gas discharge tube, fusible alloy, and voltage limiting element (MOA) in series to the grounding circuit (but because the gas discharge tube is not conductive, there is no current in the entire circuit). The fusible alloy is in a solid conductive state (a low-resistance metallic conductor at room temperature), connected in series between the gas discharge tube and the relay, and does not affect normal standby operation.

[0068] The flashover voltage of the insulator string is higher than the breakdown voltage of the self-resetting circuit breaker unit (fusible alloy 16, gas discharge tube), ensuring that the lightning current is discharged preferentially through the self-resetting circuit breaker unit, thus avoiding the breakdown and damage of the insulator string.

[0069] like Figure 2As shown, when a lightning strike occurs, i.e., during the overvoltage triggering stage, if the lightning overvoltage (e.g., 15kV) exceeds the breakdown voltage of the gas discharge tube, the gas discharge tube breaks down instantaneously (within 100ns). The lightning current path is: lightning-attracting electrode → gas discharge tube → fusible alloy 16 (solid-state conduction) → electromagnetic relay 24 (normally closed contact) → grounding discharge (the peak lightning current can reach 100kA). Simultaneously, the lightning current flows through the coil of electromagnetic relay 24 (the coil is connected in series in the main circuit). The coil generates electromagnetic force to attract the armature, causing the contacts of electromagnetic relay 24 to open rapidly (within 5ms), cutting off the grounding circuit. The fusible alloy, because the lightning current duration is extremely short (2.6μs), far shorter than its melting time (50ms), remains conductive and does not affect the lightning current discharge. The conduction of the gas discharge tube is the start signal for the operation of the electromagnetic relay 24, and the disconnection of the electromagnetic relay 24 is the active termination of the gas discharge tube's discharge. During this stage, the fusible alloy 16 provides a temporary conductive path for the lightning current and can withstand short-term high current (depending on its short-term current withstand design, such as 200kA / 10μs).

[0070] When a fault occurs after a lightning strike, such as the gas discharge tube failing to extinguish (continuously conducting after breakdown), after the lightning current ends and the line returns to normal operating voltage (e.g., 110kV), if the gas discharge tube fails to restore insulation due to electrode erosion or adhesion (continuously conducting), the normal operating voltage will generate a continuous overcurrent (e.g., 50A) through the discharge tube. This current flows through the fusible alloy 16, causing its temperature to rise rapidly (e.g., if the metal melting point is preset to 150℃, it will melt in 5 seconds for a continuous overcurrent of 50A). The melting of the fusible alloy 16 cuts off the connection between the gas discharge tube and the grounding circuit, preventing a short circuit caused by grounding through the lightning protection components. Another example is the electromagnetic relay 24 contacts sticking together (unable to disconnect). If the electromagnetic relay 24's contacts are welded together due to excessive lightning current (unable to be released from its normally closed state), the armature will be attracted, and the contacts will still be conducting. If the gas discharge tube has restored insulation, there will be no current; if the gas discharge tube has not restored insulation, the continuous overcurrent will trigger the melting of the fusible alloy 16, forcibly cutting off the circuit. The fusible alloy 16 only activates when the gas discharge tube or electromagnetic relay 24 malfunctions and causes continuous overcurrent, thus preventing accidental melting during normal discharge. The melting time of the fusible alloy 16 (5-10 seconds) is much longer than the activation time of the electromagnetic relay 24 (5ms), ensuring that the electromagnetic relay 24 completes the normal disconnection first, and only serves as a last line of defense when the electromagnetic relay 24 fails.

[0071] If only electromagnetic relay 24 operates (normal disconnection): maintenance personnel can close the contacts by pressing the reset button (mechanical unlock) on electromagnetic relay 24, and the surge protection component will return to standby (no component replacement required). If fusible alloy 16 melts (main component failure): the device will issue an alarm signal through the status monitoring module (such as a current sensor in series). Maintenance personnel need to replace the melted fusible alloy 16 and check whether the gas discharge tube / electromagnetic relay 24 is damaged.

[0072] Example 3, the only difference between this example and Example 1 is that the self-recovering circuit breaker unit further includes:

[0073] The first conductive tab 11 and the second conductive tab 25 are rotatably connected inside the housing 6. The two ends of the fusible alloy 16 are conductive through the first conductive tab 11 and the second conductive tab 25, respectively.

[0074] The main function of the first conductive tab 11 and the second conductive tab 25 is to conduct the fusible alloy 16.

[0075] Further optimizations include the self-recovering circuit breaker unit, which also includes:

[0076] The guide plate 12 is slidably connected in the box 6 along the horizontal direction (along the direction close to or away from the insulator string 4). Several fusible alloys 16 are installed on the guide plate 12 at equal intervals. The fusible alloys 16 between the first conductive lever 11 and the second conductive lever 25 are replaced by sliding the guide plate 12. The open state of the electromagnetic relay 24 is adjusted to the closed state by sliding the guide plate 12.

[0077] The gear set is installed inside the housing 6 and is connected to the guide plate 12 for transmission.

[0078] When the fusible alloy 16 fails to melt, the guide plate 12 is moved by manually driving the gear set to connect (lap) a new fusible alloy 16 between the first conductive tab 11 and the second conductive tab 25; during the movement of the guide plate 12, the finger switch 23 of the electromagnetic relay 24 in the open state is pushed, thereby resetting the electromagnetic relay 24 (closed state). Figure 5 The guide plate 12 in the middle is Figure 4 Top view of the guide plate 12 in the middle

[0079] Further optimizations include the self-recovering circuit breaker unit, which also includes:

[0080] Spring 10, two sets of spring 10 are respectively located between the first conductive lever 11 and the inner side wall of the housing 6, and between the second conductive lever 25 and the inner side wall of the housing 6. The first ends of the two sets of spring 10 are respectively installed on the inner side wall of the housing 6, and the second ends of the two sets of spring 10 respectively contact the side walls of the first conductive lever 11 and the second conductive lever 25.

[0081] Electrode blocks 13, two sets of electrode blocks 13 are fixedly connected in the guide plate 12, and fusible alloy 16 is connected between the two sets of electrode blocks 13.

[0082] The arc-shaped protrusion 28 is fixedly connected inside the guide plate 12 and is arranged opposite to the electrode block 13. The first conductive paddle 11 and the second conductive paddle 25 are respectively arranged opposite to the arc-shaped surface on one side of the arc-shaped protrusion 28.

[0083] When the fusible alloy 16 is in the conductive state, the electrode blocks 13 at both ends of the fusible alloy 16 are abutted between the first conductive tab 11 and the inner wall of the housing 6, and the second conductive tab 25 and the inner wall of the housing 6 through the arc-shaped protrusion 28. At this time, the spring 10 is in the compressed state.

[0084] When it is necessary to replace the fused fusible alloy 16, manually drive the gear set to drive the guide plate 12 to move. Although the electrode blocks 13 at both ends of the fusible alloy 16 are abutted, it does not affect the movement of the electrode blocks 13. When the electrode blocks 13 disengage from the first conductive tab 11 and the second conductive tab 25, the arc-shaped protrusion 28 also disengages from the first conductive tab 11 and the second conductive tab 25. Under the elastic force of the spring plate 10, the contact ends of the first conductive tab 11 and the second conductive tab 25 are moved away from the electrode blocks 13 of the fused fusible alloy 16. Continue moving the guide plate 12. The arc-shaped surface of one side of the arc-shaped protrusion 28 contacts the sides of the first conductive tab 11 and the second conductive tab 25, gradually pushing the first conductive tab 11 and the second conductive tab 25 towards the electrode block 13. The electrode block 13 gradually approaches the first conductive tab 11 and the second conductive tab 25 as the guide plate 12 moves, until the first conductive tab 11 and the second conductive tab 25 contact the electrode block 13. As the guide plate 12 moves, the first conductive tab 11 and the second conductive tab 25 gradually move between the electrode block 13 and the arc-shaped protrusion 28, and then the movement of the guide plate 12 stops, and the fusible alloy 16 is in a conductive state. The above actions can be repeated until all the fusible alloy 16 in the guide plate 12 is completely melted.

[0085] The contact ends of the first conductive paddle 11 and the second conductive paddle 25 are respectively confined within the guide plate 12 to prevent the first conductive paddle 11 and the second conductive paddle 25 from being unable to be pushed through the arc-shaped surface on one side of the arc-shaped protrusion 28.

[0086] In a further optimized design, the side of the arc-shaped protrusion 28 opposite to the electrode block 13 is set as a flat surface, and the end of the electrode block 13 near the arc-shaped surface is extended.

[0087] As the contact ends of the first conductive paddle 11 and the second conductive paddle 25 are pushed by the arc-shaped surface on one side of the arc-shaped protrusion 28, the contact ends of the first conductive paddle 11 and the second conductive paddle 25 first contact the extended end of the electrode block 13, which facilitates subsequent contact with the electrode block 13; the side of the arc-shaped protrusion 28 opposite to the electrode block 13 is set as a plane, which helps to ensure sufficient contact area between the electrode block 13 and the first conductive paddle 11 and the second conductive paddle 25.

[0088] Further optimizations include the self-recovering circuit breaker unit, which also includes:

[0089] Push plates 22, several push plates 22 are sequentially fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the guide plate 12 and arranged along the sliding direction of the guide plate 12. The finger switch 23 of the electromagnetic relay 24 in the open state is located between the two sets of push plates 22, and the finger switch 23 of the electromagnetic relay 24 in the closed state is disengaged from the two sets of push plates 22.

[0090] During the replacement of the fusible alloy 16, the push plate 22 moves synchronously with the guide plate 12, pushing the toggle switch 23 of the electromagnetic relay 24, which is in the open state, so that the electromagnetic relay 24 is reset and closed again.

[0091] Further optimization of the scheme, the gear set includes:

[0092] The first gear 17 and the second gear 18 are meshed and rotatably connected to the inner side wall of the housing 6. An operating handle 19 is inserted into the rotating shaft of the second gear 18.

[0093] The first rack 20 and the second rack 21 are arranged in parallel and are respectively fixedly connected to one side of the guide plate 12. The first gear 17 is meshed with the first rack 20, and the second gear 18 is meshed with the second rack 21.

[0094] An operating hole 7 is provided on the side wall of the housing 6. The end of the rotating shaft of the second gear 18 is set as a square structure, which is adapted to the square opening on the operating handle 19. By manually rotating the operating handle 19, the guide chain plate 12 is moved through the transmission relationship between the first gear 17 and the first rack 20, and the second gear 18 and the second rack 21.

[0095] Further optimizations include the self-recovering circuit breaker unit, which also includes:

[0096] The third bracket 9 and the fourth bracket 26 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing 6 in the horizontal direction. The first end of the first conductive lever 11 is rotatably connected to the third bracket 9, and the first end of the second conductive lever 25 is rotatably connected to the fourth bracket 26. The first ends of the two sets of springs 10 are respectively fixedly connected to the side of the third bracket 9 and the fourth bracket 26 away from the inner wall of the housing 6. The guide plate 12 is slidably connected between the third bracket 9 and the fourth bracket 26.

[0097] Further optimizations include the self-recovering circuit breaker unit, which also includes:

[0098] Mounting plate 14, several mounting plates 14 are fixedly connected inside the chain guide plate 12, and electrode block 13 is fixedly passed through the mounting plate 14;

[0099] A partition 27, several partitions 27 are sequentially fixedly connected inside the guide plate 12, and the electrode block 13 is located between adjacent partitions 27.

[0100] The partition 27 is located between the first conductive lever 11 and the second conductive lever 25, and does not affect the movement of the first conductive lever 11 and the second conductive lever 25; the partition 27 separates several fusible alloys 16 so that they do not affect each other; the main function of the mounting plate 14 is to fix the electrode block 13.

[0101] Further optimizations include the self-recovering circuit breaker unit, which also includes:

[0102] Window 15 is located on the side wall of the guide plate 12 and is positioned opposite to the fusible alloy 16.

[0103] The main function of window 15 is to allow direct observation of whether the fusible alloy 16 is in a normal state after opening the box 6.

[0104] To further optimize the design, the lightning protection mechanism also includes mounting bracket 5, which comprises:

[0105] The first bracket 501 and the second bracket 502 are connected together. The first end of the first bracket 501 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the housing 6, and the second end of the second bracket 502 is rotatably connected to the second end of the first bracket 501. The first bracket 501 and the second bracket 502 are fixedly connected by fastening bolts 505.

[0106] The first adapter half-hole 503 and the second adapter half-hole 504 are respectively provided on the first side of the first bracket 501 and the second bracket 502. The two sets of first adapter half-holes 503 are wrapped around the top outer side of the insulator hardware. The second adapter half-holes 504 are respectively provided on the second side of the first bracket 501 and the second bracket 502. The two sets of second adapter half-holes 504 are wrapped around the middle outer side of the insulator hardware.

[0107] The limiting block 506 is fixedly connected within one set of first adapter half holes 503 and is correspondingly limited within the snap-fit ​​cavity at the top of the fitting.

[0108] The insulator string comprises insulators connected in sequence. One end of each insulator is fitted with a hardware, and the other end is fitted with a steel foot. The hardware has a snap-fit ​​cavity, and the steel feet of adjacent insulators snap into these cavities, enabling a detachable connection of several insulators. At least two sets of first brackets 501 and second brackets 502 are provided, and the housing 6 is mounted on the insulator string using at least two sets of first brackets 501 and second brackets 502. A limiting block 506 is located at the entrance of the snap-fit ​​cavity, effectively preventing circumferential displacement of the housing 6. The first brackets 501 and second brackets 502 are positioned on the bottom surface of the upper insulator, effectively preventing axial displacement of the housing 6.

[0109] It should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., used herein to indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0110] In this description, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0111] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A lightning protection device for high-voltage transmission lines based on insulators, characterized in that, include: An insulator string (4) is mounted on the top of a power tower (2), and a high-voltage transmission line passes through the bottom of the insulator string (4). Lightning rod (1), said lightning rod (1) is installed on top of said insulator string (4); The lightning protection mechanism is detachably connected to one side of the insulator string (4), and the bottom of the lightning rod (1) is electrically connected to the lightning protection mechanism. The lightning current is introduced into the ground, discharged, or cut off by the lightning protection mechanism.

2. The high-voltage transmission line lightning protection device based on insulators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lightning protection mechanism includes: The housing (6) is detachably connected to one side of the insulator string (4); The self-resetting circuit breaker unit is installed inside the enclosure (6) and is electrically connected to the ground wire (8); A current monitoring module is installed inside the housing (6) and electrically connected between the bottom of the lightning rod (1) and the self-resetting circuit breaker unit.

3. The high-voltage transmission line lightning protection device based on insulators according to claim 2, characterized in that, The self-recovering circuit breaker unit includes: A voltage limiting element and an electromagnetic relay (24) are installed inside the housing (6). The voltage limiting element is electrically connected to the current monitoring module, and the electromagnetic relay (24) is electrically connected to the ground wire (8). A fusible alloy (16) and a gas discharge tube are arranged in parallel and electrically connected between the pressure limiting element and the electromagnetic relay (24).

4. The high-voltage transmission line lightning protection device based on insulators according to claim 2, characterized in that, The self-recovering circuit breaker unit includes: A voltage limiting element and an electromagnetic relay (24) are installed inside the housing (6), and the voltage limiting element is electrically connected to the current monitoring module; The fusible alloy (16) and the gas discharge tube are connected in sequence to the pressure limiting element, the gas discharge tube, the fusible alloy (16), the electromagnetic relay (24) and the ground wire (8).

5. The high-voltage transmission line lightning protection device based on insulators according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The self-recovering circuit breaker unit further includes: The first conductive tab (11) and the second conductive tab (25) are rotatably connected inside the housing (6), and the two ends of the fusible alloy (16) are conductive through the first conductive tab (11) and the second conductive tab (25).

6. The high-voltage transmission line lightning protection device based on insulators according to claim 5, characterized in that, The self-recovering circuit breaker unit further includes: The guide plate (12) is slidably connected inside the housing (6). Several fusible alloys (16) are installed on the guide plate (12) at equal intervals. The fusible alloys (16) between the first conductive paddle (11) and the second conductive paddle (25) can be replaced by sliding the guide plate (12). The electromagnetic relay (24) can be adjusted from the open state to the closed state by sliding the guide plate (12). The gear set is installed inside the housing (6) and is connected to the guide plate (12) for transmission.

7. The high-voltage transmission line lightning protection device based on insulators according to claim 6, characterized in that, The self-recovering circuit breaker unit further includes: The springs (10) are located between the first conductive lever (11) and the inner wall of the housing (6), and between the second conductive lever (25) and the inner wall of the housing (6). The first ends of the two sets of springs (10) are respectively installed on the inner wall of the housing (6), and the second ends of the two sets of springs (10) are respectively in contact with the side walls of the first conductive lever (11) and the second conductive lever (25). Electrode blocks (13), two sets of electrode blocks (13) are respectively fixedly connected in the chain guide plate (12), and the fusible alloy (16) is connected between the two sets of electrode blocks (13); Arc-shaped protrusion (28) is fixedly connected inside the guide plate (12) and is arranged opposite to the electrode block (13). The first conductive paddle (11) and the second conductive paddle (25) are respectively arranged opposite to the arc-shaped surface on one side of the arc-shaped protrusion (28).

8. The high-voltage transmission line lightning protection device based on insulators according to claim 7, characterized in that, The side of the arc-shaped protrusion (28) opposite to the electrode block (13) is set as a plane, and the electrode block (13) is extended at one end near the arc-shaped surface.

9. The high-voltage transmission line lightning protection device based on insulators according to claim 7, characterized in that, The self-recovering circuit breaker unit further includes: Push plates (22), a plurality of push plates (22) are sequentially fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the guide plate (12) and arranged along the sliding direction of the guide plate (12). The finger switch (23) of the electromagnetic relay (24) in the open state is located between the two sets of push plates (22), and the finger switch (23) of the electromagnetic relay (24) in the closed state is disengaged from the two sets of push plates (22).

10. The high-voltage transmission line lightning protection device based on insulators according to claim 6, characterized in that, The gear set includes: The first gear (17) and the second gear (18) are meshed and rotatably connected to the inner side wall of the housing (6). An operating handle (19) is inserted into the rotating shaft of the second gear (18). The first rack (20) and the second rack (21) are arranged in parallel and are respectively fixedly connected to one side of the guide plate (12). The first gear (17) meshes with the first rack (20) and the second gear (18) meshes with the second rack (21).

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