LoRa-based multi-parameter intelligent wireless monitoring system for ship environment

Abstract

The application discloses a ship environment multi-parameter intelligent wireless monitoring system based on LoRa, acquires environment state data and ship operation auxiliary data through a data acquisition module, pre-processes and standardizes the collected data through a data processing module, obtains a standardized data frame, calculates a single parameter safety score, a comprehensive safety index and a safety situation level SL through an environment safety quantization module, dynamically selects a communication strategy according to the SL and a current link quality through an intelligent LoRa communication module, generates and sends a safety data packet, receives the safety data packet through a LoRa gateway, carries out redundancy filtering and adds received metadata, forms and uploads a final data record, visually displays and stores data of the final data record through a data center, and generates a network optimization instruction based on network performance data, so that the problem that transmission reliability, real-time performance and low power consumption cannot be considered simultaneously in ship environment monitoring is solved, and the intelligent level of ship safety management is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of marine electronics and maritime safety technology, and specifically discloses a LoRa-based intelligent wireless monitoring system for multiple parameters of the marine environment. Background Technology

[0002] Ships, especially large vessels such as cargo ships and oil tankers, have complex and enclosed cabin environments that pose various potential safety risks. Abnormal temperatures and humidity can affect cargo quality or equipment operation; smoke, flammable gases, toxic gases, insufficient oxygen concentration, or excessive carbon dioxide concentration directly threaten the lives of crew members and the safety of ship property; in addition, flooding, abnormal liquid levels, ship vibration, and the condition of hatches are also key auxiliary parameters for assessing ship operational safety. Therefore, real-time, comprehensive, and reliable monitoring of the ship's environment is an important means of ensuring shipping safety.

[0003] Traditional ship environmental monitoring systems mostly use wired sensor networks. This approach requires laying a large number of cables, which is difficult and costly to implement in the complex interior of ships. Furthermore, the cables are easily damaged by corrosion and vibration, making maintenance inconvenient. The system also has poor flexibility and scalability. To solve the cabling problem, wireless sensor network technology has been introduced into the field of ship monitoring. However, as a large metal structure, ships have significant shielding and reflection effects on radio signals. Conventional wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi and ZigBee have limited transmission distances and weak penetration capabilities, making it difficult to achieve effective coverage of the entire ship and resulting in communication blind spots.

[0004] LoRa, as a low-power wide-area network technology, offers a new solution for ship environmental monitoring due to its long-range, strong penetration, and low-power characteristics. It effectively overcomes signal attenuation issues caused by the ship's metal structure, enabling a single gateway to cover most cabin areas and significantly reducing deployment complexity and cost. However, while LoRa technology provides a reliable physical transmission foundation, existing LoRa-based monitoring solutions are mostly single-function, typically only performing simple data collection and uploading, lacking intelligent information processing and decision-making capabilities. Specifically, they suffer from the following shortcomings: First, low data utilization, failing to deeply integrate multi-source heterogeneous sensor data to generate an intuitive and comprehensive safety situation assessment; second, fixed communication strategies, unable to adaptively adjust based on the urgency of environmental safety levels and real-time changes in network link quality, potentially leading to the loss of critical alarms due to channel congestion or poor signal quality at critical moments, or wasting unnecessary energy on redundant transmission during safe periods; finally, a lack of overall network-level optimization, unable to provide guidance for adjusting communication parameters based on actual network performance data after deployment to optimize the overall ship network performance.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to invent a LoRa-based intelligent wireless monitoring system for multi-parameter marine environmental monitoring to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a LoRa-based intelligent wireless monitoring system for multi-parameter ship environments. The system collects environmental status data and ship operation auxiliary data through a data acquisition module. A data processing module preprocesses and standardizes the collected data to obtain standardized data frames. An environmental safety quantification module calculates the single-parameter safety score (SPS), comprehensive safety index (CSI), and safety status level (SL). An intelligent LoRa communication module dynamically selects a LoRa communication strategy based on SL and current link quality, generates and sends secure data packets. A LoRa gateway receives these secure data packets, performs redundancy filtering, adds received metadata, and forms and uploads the final data record. A data center visualizes and stores the final data record and generates network optimization instructions based on network performance data, effectively solving the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a LoRa-based intelligent wireless monitoring system for multiple parameters of the ship's environment, comprising: a data acquisition module, a data processing module, an environmental safety quantification module, an intelligent LoRa communication module, a LoRa gateway, and a data center. The intelligent LoRa communication module has a built-in multi-channel redundant parallel transmission protocol, and the LoRa gateway is equipped with a multi-channel receiver.

[0008] The data acquisition module is used to periodically collect environmental status data and ship operation auxiliary data;

[0009] Data processing module: preprocesses and standardizes the collected data to obtain standardized data frames with a unified timestamp;

[0010] The environmental safety quantification module is used to receive standardized data frames and calculate the single-parameter security score (SPS), comprehensive security index (CSI), and security status level (SL) through a weighted fusion algorithm.

[0011] The intelligent LoRa communication module is used to receive SPS, CSI and SL, and monitor its own LoRa network performance data in real time. It dynamically selects the LoRa communication strategy based on SL and the current link quality, and sends out a secure data packet containing SPS, CSI, SL and LoRa network performance data.

[0012] The LoRa gateway is used to receive secure data packets, perform redundancy filtering, add received metadata, form the final data record, and upload the final data record to the data center.

[0013] The data center is used to visualize the received final data records and store historical data, and to generate network optimization instructions based on the network performance data of all nodes;

[0014] The calculation methods for the single-parameter security score (SPS), comprehensive security index (CSI), and security status level (SL) are as follows:

[0015] The SPS is obtained by substituting the standardized values ​​of each environmental parameter into its preset piecewise function based on a safety threshold, with a score range of 0-100.

[0016] The CSI is calculated using a weighted geometric mean formula, which is as follows: Among them, SPS1, SPS2, ..., SPS i For regional single-parameter security classification, W1, W2...W i The preset weighting coefficients for each parameter, where i is the number of parameters monitored in the region;

[0017] The SL is obtained by comparing and mapping the CSI value with a preset threshold range, and includes four levels: safe, alert, warning, and danger. When any parameter exceeds its absolute safety threshold, the SL is directly determined to be a danger level.

[0018] The network optimization command is generated as follows: The data center analyzes the RSSI and SNR data in the final data records of all nodes, draws a signal strength and quality distribution map of the entire ship, and generates a dynamic mapping table of "node location - recommended spreading factor SF" based on this, which is then used as the network optimization command to be issued to the intelligent LoRa communication module of each node.

[0019] Preferably, the environmental status data includes one or more of temperature, humidity, smoke concentration, methane concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, and immersion status; the ship operation auxiliary data includes one or more of ship vibration data, hatch opening and closing status, and ventilation fan operation status data; the LoRa network performance data includes Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and Packet Delivery Rate (PDR).

[0020] Preferably, the data processing module processes the data as follows: the analog electrical signal is converted into a digital signal by ADC conversion, and then filtered and denoised, the sensor characteristic is calibrated and compensated, and the physical unit is converted in sequence. Finally, a unified timestamp is added to all parameters to form the standardized data frame.

[0021] Preferably, the current link quality is determined as follows:

[0022] Based on the calculation formula: Calculate the link quality index, where LQI is the link quality index and W is the link quality index. r W s and W p The weighting coefficients corresponding to RSSI, SNR, and PDR respectively, and satisfying W r +W s +W p =1, Norm() is the normalization function, Min F Minimum factor;

[0023] Determine the link quality rating based on the preset LQI threshold:

[0024] When LQI is greater than or equal to the second LQI threshold, the link level is Level 1;

[0025] When the first LQI threshold is less than or equal to the second LQI threshold, the link level is level two.

[0026] When LQI is less than the first LQI threshold, the link level is level three.

[0027] Preferably, the LoRa gateway processes secure data packets in the following manner: a multi-channel receiver listens on multiple channels simultaneously; for the received data packets, redundancy checks are performed first, and duplicate packets with the same packet ID are discarded; the reception time and reception channel information are added to the first correctly received data packet to form the final data record.

[0028] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0029] 1. Comprehensive and intelligent safety monitoring: The system integrates various environmental parameters and ship operation auxiliary data. Through multi-dimensional information fusion and intelligent algorithms, it realizes a comprehensive and quantitative assessment of ship environmental safety from single parameters to overall situation, improving the accuracy and foresight of safety monitoring.

[0030] 2. Reliable and adaptive wireless transmission: By combining the Security Status Level (SL) with the Link Quality Index (LQI), the optimal LoRa communication strategy is dynamically selected, ensuring that critical alarm information can be transmitted with the highest reliability in complex marine metal environments, thus resolving the inherent contradiction between wireless communication reliability and power consumption.

[0031] 3. Efficient network management and optimization: The data center can analyze and make decisions based on global network performance data and issue optimization commands, enabling the entire LoRa network to continuously optimize itself, maintain optimal performance, and reduce the difficulty and cost of later maintenance.

[0032] 4. System-level redundancy and fault-tolerant design: From the multi-channel redundant transmission of the terminal to the redundant filtering and reception of the gateway, the system is designed with multiple safeguards in key links, which effectively avoids data loss caused by the failure of a single node or a single channel, and enhances the robustness and reliability of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments in the drawings do not constitute any limitation on the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the following drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a system module diagram of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention includes: a data acquisition module, a data processing module, an environmental safety quantification module, an intelligent LoRa communication module, a LoRa gateway, and a data center; the intelligent LoRa communication module has a built-in multi-channel redundant parallel transmission protocol, and the LoRa gateway is equipped with a multi-channel receiver;

[0038] The following will combine Figure 2 A more detailed explanation of the invention follows:

[0039] The data acquisition module periodically collects environmental status data and ship operation auxiliary data;

[0040] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the environmental status data includes one or more of the following: temperature, humidity, smoke concentration, methane concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, and immersion status; the ship operation auxiliary data includes one or more of the following: vibration data, hatch opening and closing status, and ventilation fan operation status data; the LoRa network performance data includes Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and Packet Delivery Rate (PDR).

[0041] It should be further noted that the specific parameters to be collected under different ship scenarios are as follows:

[0042] Cabin: Collects data on temperature, smoke concentration, methane concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, water immersion status, equipment vibration, and ventilation fan operation status;

[0043] Cargo warehouse: Collects data on temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration, and hatch opening / closing status;

[0044] Living area / corridor: Collect smoke concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, humidity, and ventilation fan operating status;

[0045] The data processing module preprocesses and standardizes the collected data to obtain standardized data frames with a unified timestamp.

[0046] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the data processing module processes the data as follows: the analog electrical signal is converted into a digital signal through ADC conversion, and then filtered and denoised, the sensor characteristic is calibrated and compensated, and the physical unit is converted in sequence. Finally, a unified timestamp is added to all parameters to form the standardized data frame.

[0047] Environmental safety quantification module: Receives standardized data frames and calculates the single-parameter security score (SPS), comprehensive security index (CSI), and security status level (SL) through a weighted fusion algorithm;

[0048] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the calculation methods for the single parameter security score (SPS), comprehensive security index (CSI), and security status level (SL) are as follows:

[0049] The SPS is obtained by substituting the standardized values ​​of each environmental parameter into its preset piecewise function based on a safety threshold, with a score range of 0-100.

[0050] Taking temperature as an example, the calculation method for the single-parameter safety score (SPS) is as follows:

[0051] The safe upper limit for cabin temperature is 60°C, and the ideal temperature is 25°C.

[0052] The cabin temperature is designed as a piecewise function based on a safety threshold as follows:

[0053] If T≤25℃, SPS=100;

[0054] If 25℃<T≤60℃, SPS=100-((T-25) / (60-25))×100;

[0055] If T > 60℃, SPS = 0;

[0056] The CSI is calculated using a weighted geometric mean formula, which is as follows: Among them, SPS1, SPS2, ..., SPS i For regional single-parameter security classification, W1, W2...Wi The preset weighting coefficients for each parameter are given, and ΣW=1, where i is the number of parameters monitored in the region;

[0057] It should be further explained that the weighting coefficients are initially determined by combining maritime safety regulations, historical accident data and industry expert scores, and will be dynamically adjusted according to factors such as ship type, route, and cargo type. ΣW=1 means that for any unit being evaluated, such as a specific cargo hold or engine room, the sum of the weighting coefficients of all selected parameters is equal to 1 when calculating its CSI.

[0058] The SL is obtained by comparing and mapping the CSI value with a preset threshold range, and includes four levels: safe, alert, warning, and danger. When any parameter exceeds its absolute safety threshold, the SL is directly judged as a danger level.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the absolute safety thresholds for each parameter are set as follows:

[0060] The absolute safety threshold for temperature is 60℃, the absolute safety threshold for humidity is 90%RH, the absolute safety threshold for smoke concentration is 2%obs / m, the absolute safety threshold for methane concentration is 25%LEL, the absolute safety threshold for carbon monoxide concentration is 50ppm, the absolute safety threshold range for oxygen concentration is [19.5%Vol, 23.5%Vol], and the absolute safety threshold for carbon dioxide concentration is 5000ppm.

[0061] The intelligent LoRa communication module receives SPS, CSI, and SL, and monitors its own LoRa network performance data in real time. Based on SL and the current link quality, it dynamically selects the LoRa communication strategy and sends out a secure data packet containing SPS, CSI, SL, and LoRa network performance data.

[0062] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the current link quality is determined as follows:

[0063] Based on the calculation formula: Calculate the link quality index, where LQI is the link quality index and W is the link quality index. r W s and W p The weighting coefficients corresponding to RSSI, SNR, and PDR respectively, and satisfying W r +W s +W p =1, Norm() is the normalization function, Min F Minimum factor;

[0064] It should be further noted that RSSI is a negative value; the closer it is to 0, the stronger the signal. The typical RSSI range for LoRa is approximately [-130dBm, -50dBm], and its normalization formula is: Norm(RSSI) = max(0, min(1, (RSSI - RSSI)) min ) / (RSSI max -RSSI min )));

[0065] Example: Let RSSI max =-50, RSSI min = -130; If the current RSSI = -85dBm, then: Norm(RSSI) = (-85 - (-130)) / (-50 - (-130)) = 45 / 80 = 0.5625

[0066] SNR can be positive or negative; a higher positive value is better, while a negative value indicates that the signal is overwhelmed by noise. The typical SNR range for LoRa is approximately [-20dB, +20dB]. Its normalization formula is: Norm(SNR) = max(0, min(1, (SNR-SNR)) min ) / (SNR max -SNR min )));

[0067] Example: Let SNR max =20, SNR min = -20; If the current SNR = 5dB, then:

[0068] Norm(SNR)=(5-(-20)) / (20-(-20))=25 / 40=0.625;

[0069] PDR = Number of successfully received packets / Total number of packets sent;

[0070] Min F The factor is used to reinforce the "barrel effect" and takes the value Min. F =min(Norm(RSSI),Norm(SNR),PDR).

[0071] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the typical values ​​of the weighting coefficients corresponding to RSSI, SNR, and PDR are 0.2, 0.5, and 0.3, respectively.

[0072] Determine the link quality rating based on the preset LQI threshold:

[0073] When LQI is greater than or equal to the second LQI threshold, the link level is Level 1;

[0074] When the first LQI threshold is less than or equal to the second LQI threshold, the link level is level two.

[0075] When LQI is less than the first LQI threshold, the link level is level three.

[0076] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the dynamic selection method of the LoRa communication strategy is as follows:

[0077] If SL is at the security or caution level and the link level is level 1, then the low-power single-channel default spreading factor SF is used for regular transmission.

[0078] If SL is a warning level, or if SL is a warning level but the link level is level 2, then increase the transmission frequency or use a higher spreading factor SF value to improve reliability.

[0079] If the SL is at the danger level, or the link level is level three, the highest priority multi-channel redundancy parallel transmission mechanism will be triggered immediately.

[0080] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the multi-channel redundant parallel transmission mechanism is as follows: the intelligent LoRa communication module rapidly and continuously transmits the secure data packet three times on three predefined and non-interfering LoRa channels with the highest spreading factor SF12.

[0081] The LoRa gateway receives secure data packets, performs redundancy filtering, adds received metadata, forms the final data record, and uploads the final data record to the data center.

[0082] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the LoRa gateway processes secure data packets as follows: a multi-channel receiver listens on multiple channels simultaneously; for the received data packets, redundancy checks are performed first, and duplicate packets with the same packet ID are discarded; the first correctly received data packet is accompanied by the reception time and reception channel information to form the final data record.

[0083] The data center visualizes the received final data records and stores historical data, and generates network optimization instructions based on the network performance data of all nodes.

[0084] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the network optimization command is generated as follows: the data center analyzes the RSSI and SNR data in the final data records of all nodes, draws a signal strength and quality distribution map of the entire ship, and generates a dynamic mapping table of "node location - recommended spreading factor SF" based on this, which is then used as the network optimization command to be issued to the intelligent LoRa communication module of each node.

[0085] It should be further explained that the dynamic mapping table of "node location - recommended spreading factor SF" is generated according to the SF recommendation strategy. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the following SF recommendation rules are set according to RSSI and SNR:

[0086] When RSSI ≥ -100 or SNR ≥ 5, SF7 is recommended; when -120 ≥ RSSI ≥ -100 or 5 > SNR > 0, SF9 is recommended; when RSSI ≤ -120 or SNR ≤ 0, SF12 is recommended.

[0087] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A LoRa-based intelligent wireless monitoring system for multiple parameters of the ship's environment, characterized in that, include: The system includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, an environmental safety quantification module, an intelligent LoRa communication module, a LoRa gateway, and a data center. The intelligent LoRa communication module has a built-in multi-channel redundant parallel transmission protocol, and the LoRa gateway is equipped with a multi-channel receiver. Data acquisition module: Periodically collects environmental status data and ship operation auxiliary data; Data processing module: preprocesses and standardizes the collected data to obtain standardized data frames with a unified timestamp; Environmental safety quantification module: Receives standardized data frames and calculates the single-parameter security score (SPS), comprehensive security index (CSI), and security status level (SL) through a weighted fusion algorithm; Intelligent LoRa communication module: Receives SPS, CSI and SL, monitors its own LoRa network performance data in real time, dynamically selects LoRa communication strategy based on SL and current link quality, and sends out secure data packets containing SPS, CSI, SL and LoRa network performance data; LoRa Gateway: Receives secure data packets, performs redundancy filtering, adds received metadata, forms the final data record, and uploads the final data record to the data center; Data Center: Visualizes the received final data records and stores historical data, and generates network optimization instructions based on the network performance data of all nodes; The calculation methods for the Single Parameter Security Score (SPS), Comprehensive Security Index (CSI), and Security Status Level (SL) are as follows: The SPS is obtained by substituting the standardized values ​​of each environmental parameter into its preset piecewise function based on a safety threshold, with a score range of 0-100. The CSI is calculated using a weighted geometric mean formula, which is as follows: Among them, SPS1, SPS2, ..., SPS i For regional single-parameter security classification, W1, W2...W i The preset weighting coefficients for each parameter, where i is the number of parameters monitored in the region; The SL is obtained by comparing and mapping the CSI value with a preset threshold range, and includes four levels: safe, alert, warning, and danger. When any parameter exceeds its absolute safety threshold, the SL is directly determined to be a danger level. The dynamic selection method of the LoRa communication strategy is as follows: If SL is at the security or caution level and the link level is level 1, then the low-power single-channel default spreading factor SF is used for regular transmission. If SL is a warning level, or if SL is a warning level but the link level is level 2, then increase the transmission frequency or use a higher spreading factor SF value to improve reliability. If SL is at the danger level, or the link level is level three, the highest priority multi-channel redundancy parallel transmission mechanism will be triggered immediately. The network optimization command is generated as follows: The data center analyzes the RSSI and SNR data in the final data records of all nodes, draws a signal strength and quality distribution map of the entire ship, and generates a dynamic mapping table of "node location - recommended spreading factor SF" based on this, which is then used as the network optimization command to be issued to the intelligent LoRa communication module of each node.

2. The intelligent wireless monitoring system for multiple parameters of ship environment based on LoRa as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental status data includes one or more of the following: temperature, humidity, smoke concentration, methane concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, and immersion status; the ship operation auxiliary data includes one or more of the following: ship vibration data, hatch opening and closing status, and ventilation fan operation status data; the LoRa network performance data includes Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and Packet Delivery Rate (PDR).

3. The intelligent wireless monitoring system for multiple parameters of ship environment based on LoRa as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing module processes the data as follows: it converts analog electrical signals into digital signals through ADC conversion, and then performs filtering and noise reduction, sensor characteristic calibration and compensation, and physical unit conversion in sequence. Finally, it adds a unified timestamp to all parameters to form the standardized data frame.

4. The intelligent wireless monitoring system for multiple parameters of ship environment based on LoRa as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The current link quality is determined as follows: Based on the calculation formula: Calculate the link quality index, where LQI is the link quality index and W is the link quality index. r W s and W p The weighting coefficients corresponding to RSSI, SNR, and PDR respectively, and satisfying W r +W s +W p =1, Norm() is the normalization function, Min F Minimum factor; Determine the link quality rating based on the preset LQI threshold: When LQI is greater than or equal to the second LQI threshold, the link level is Level 1; When the first LQI threshold is less than or equal to the second LQI threshold, the link level is level two. When LQI is less than the first LQI threshold, the link level is level three.

5. The intelligent wireless monitoring system for multiple parameters of ship environment based on LoRa as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-channel redundant parallel transmission mechanism is as follows: the intelligent LoRa communication module rapidly and continuously transmits the security data packet three times on three predefined and non-interfering LoRa channels with the highest spreading factor SF12.

6. The intelligent wireless monitoring system for multiple parameters of ship environment based on LoRa as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The LoRa gateway processes security data packets as follows: a multi-channel receiver listens on multiple channels simultaneously; for the received data packets, redundancy checks are performed first, and duplicate packets with the same packet ID are discarded. Add the reception time and reception channel information to the first correctly received data packet to form the final data record.

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