Vehicle-mounted hydrogen system and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted hydrogen system and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of fuel cell vehicles. The vehicle-mounted hydrogen system comprises a hydrogen adding assembly; the vortex tube refrigerator is provided with an inlet, a cold end outlet and a hot end outlet, and the inlet is connected with the hydrogenation assembly; and the controller is electrically connected with the vortex tube refrigerator so as to adjust the refrigerating capacity. According to the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system provided by the embodiment of the invention, normal-temperature hydrogenation or cooling hydrogenation can be selected as required during hydrogenation. Therefore, the problems of fast temperature rise and long hydrogenation time caused by temperature rise in the hydrogenation process can be avoided, that is, the hydrogenation time is favorably controlled, and the hydrogen storage capacity of the gas storage bottle is guaranteed. Therefore, the safety of the whole system is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of fuel cell vehicle technology, in particular to a vehicle-mounted hydrogen system and a vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] Fuel cell hydrogen energy vehicles are driven by hydrogen or hydrogen-containing substances and oxygen in the air in fuel cells to generate electricity, which is supplied to electric motors to drive the vehicles to travel, and the chemical energy generated by hydrogen reaction is converted into mechanical energy. At present, with the continuous development of new energy vehicles, fuel cell vehicles have gradually become an important choice. The vehicle-mounted hydrogen system is a key component of the fuel cell vehicle, and high-pressure hydrogen storage is the core technology of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system.

[0003] The fuel cell vehicles currently popularized and applied in the market all use vehicle-mounted hydrogen systems with high-pressure hydrogen storage. High-pressure hydrogen storage is the most widely used and mature hydrogen storage technology in fuel cell vehicles. Currently, the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage system technology is mostly developed from the CNG system technology, and there is less control over the state of hydrogen during hydrogen charging and hydrogen supply. When hydrogen is added, with the flow of hydrogen, the hydrogen molecules and the pipe wall rub against each other, and the pipe shows a significant temperature rise, which affects the hydrogen filling amount in the cylinder.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the control of the temperature of the hydrogen in the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system is one of the directions to improve the performance of the system. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, a vehicle-mounted hydrogen system is proposed, which can cool hydrogen during hydrogen charging to improve the performance of the system.

[0006] The present application also aims to propose a vehicle with the above vehicle-mounted hydrogen system.

[0007] According to the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system of the first aspect of the present application, the system can select normal-temperature hydrogen charging or cooling hydrogen charging according to the need during hydrogen charging, because the refrigeration capacity of the vortex tube refrigerator is adjustable. This can avoid the problem of rapid temperature rise and long hydrogen charging time caused by temperature rise during hydrogen charging, that is, it is beneficial to control the hydrogen charging time and ensure the hydrogen storage capacity of the cylinder. In this way, the safety of the entire system is improved.

[0008] According to the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system of the first aspect of the present application, the system can select normal-temperature hydrogen charging or cooling hydrogen charging according to the need during hydrogen charging, because the refrigeration capacity of the vortex tube refrigerator is adjustable. This can avoid the problem of rapid temperature rise and long hydrogen charging time caused by temperature rise during hydrogen charging, that is, it is beneficial to control the hydrogen charging time and ensure the hydrogen storage capacity of the cylinder. In this way, the safety of the entire system is improved.

[0009] The temperature control of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system during hydrogen filling is implemented by a vortex tube refrigerator as a main element, and hydrogen temperature reduction is realized through the cold-hot split flow principle. During hydrogen filling, the hydrogen filling quantity in the hydrogen storage cylinder under the same volume is improved by reducing the hydrogen temperature, while the hydrogen filling rate is ensured, and the influence of temperature rise is avoided.

[0010] In some embodiments, the vortex tube refrigerator is at least two and is arranged in parallel.

[0011] In some embodiments, the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system further comprises a first one-way valve connected to the cold end outlet to control one-way exhaust at the cold end outlet.

[0012] In some embodiments, the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system further comprises a first temperature sensor for detecting the gas temperature of the cold end outlet, a second temperature sensor for detecting the gas temperature of the hot end outlet, and the controller is electrically connected with the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor.

[0013] In some embodiments, the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system further comprises a first pressure sensor connected to the cold end outlet, and the controller is electrically connected with the first pressure sensor.

[0014] In some embodiments, the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system further comprises a pressure reduction gas supply assembly for connecting a fuel cell, a first control valve connected to the cold end outlet and a first communication port of the hydrogen storage cylinder to control the on-off of the gas path, and a second control valve connected to the inlet and the first communication port of the hydrogen storage cylinder to control the on-off of the gas path, and the controller is electrically connected with the first control valve, the second control valve and the pressure reduction gas supply assembly to control the on-off.

[0015] Optionally, the first control valve is a two-phase electromagnetic valve.

[0016] In some embodiments, the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system further comprises a first exhaust assembly connected to the hot end outlet for controlling the exhaust of the gas from the hot end outlet.

[0017] In some embodiments, the first exhaust assembly further comprises a buffer interface for connecting a buffer gas tank.

[0018] The vehicle according to the embodiments of the present application comprises the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system described in the above embodiments. Therefore, the overall system safety of the vehicle can be improved.

[0019] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the following description, become apparent from the following description, or be understood by practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description, taken in conjunction with the following drawings in which:

[0021] Figure 1 is a structural layout of a vehicle-mounted hydrogen system according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 is a flow path diagram of a vehicle-mounted hydrogen system according to some embodiments of the present application when hydrogen is added at normal temperature;

[0023] Figure 3 is a flow path diagram of a vehicle-mounted hydrogen system according to some embodiments of the present application when hydrogen is added at reduced temperature;

[0024] Figure 4 is a flow path diagram of a vehicle-mounted hydrogen system according to some embodiments of the present application when hydrogen is supplied at normal temperature;

[0025] Figure 5 is a flow path diagram of a vehicle-mounted hydrogen system according to some embodiments of the present application when hydrogen is supplied at reduced temperature;

[0026] Figure 6 is a structural diagram of a vehicle-mounted hydrogen system according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0027] Figure 7 is a flow path diagram of a vehicle-mounted hydrogen system according to some embodiments of the present application when hydrogen is added at normal temperature.

[0028] Reference Signs:

[0029] Vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100, gas inlet 101, gas outlet 102, second discharge port 103,

[0030] Hydrogen adding assembly 1, first filter 104,

[0031] Gas inlet and outlet control assembly 2, flow limiting valve 21,

[0032] Pressure reducing gas supply assembly 3, pressure reducing valve 31,

[0033] Vortex tube refrigerator 4, inlet 41, cold end outlet 42, hot end outlet 43,

[0034] First discharge assembly 51, first discharge port 511, discharge emptying control valve 512, buffer interface 513,

[0035] Second discharge assembly 52, over-temperature and over-pressure protection valve 521, first hand valve 522, safety valve 523, second hand valve 524,

[0036] First control valve 61, second control valve 62, third control valve 63, fourth control valve 64,

[0037] The first temperature sensor 71, the second temperature sensor 72, the first pressure sensor 73,

[0038] The controller 8,

[0039] The first one-way valve 801, the second one-way valve 802, the third one-way valve 803, the fourth one-way valve 804,

[0040] The gas cylinder 20, the first communication port 201, the second communication port 202,

[0041] The buffer gas tank 300, DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] Embodiments of the present application are described below in detail, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar notations represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0043] In the description of the present application, it is understood that the features defined with "first" and "second" can be explicitly or implicitly included one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more.

[0044] In the description of the present application, it is noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0045] The vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 according to the first aspect of the present application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] The vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 of the present application is installed on a vehicle, and is a pipe valve control structure matched with the gas cylinder 20.

[0047] It can be understood that, in order to store more hydrogen in the gas cylinder, high pressure storage is usually implemented in the gas cylinder. When supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell, the high pressure hydrogen needs to be decompressed to avoid the explosion of the fuel cell caused by high pressure. When hydrogen is added, the hydrogen molecules rub against each other and the pipe wall as the hydrogen flows, resulting in temperature rise in the pipeline. The temperature rise will further increase the hydrogen pressure, ultimately affecting the hydrogen filling amount in the gas cylinder and also causing the hydrogen filling time to be lengthened. The hydrogen flow during hydrogen supply will also cause temperature rise in the pipeline, which will affect the performance of the fuel cell stack.

[0048] The prior art vehicle-mounted hydrogen system has insufficient temperature control capability in the hydrogen pipeline. To solve the hydrogen filling temperature control problem, the application provides a vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100.

[0049] According to the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 of the embodiment of the application, Figure 1 , the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 comprises a hydrogen filling assembly 1, a vortex tube refrigerator 4, and a controller 8.

[0050] The hydrogen filling assembly 1 is used to connect a high pressure hydrogen source. One end of the hydrogen filling assembly 1 is an air inlet 101. When the vehicle is parked at a hydrogen filling station, the hydrogen filling gun of the hydrogen filling station is connected to the air inlet 101 of the hydrogen filling assembly 1 to fill hydrogen into the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100.

[0051] According to the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100, Figure 1 , the vortex tube refrigerator 4 has an inlet 41, a cold end outlet 42, and a hot end outlet 43. The inlet 41 is connected to the hydrogen filling assembly 1, and the cold end outlet 42 is connected to a first communication port 201 of a gas cylinder 20.

[0052] The controller 8 is also electrically connected to the vortex tube refrigerator 4 to adjust the refrigeration capacity and realize switching between normal temperature hydrogen filling and cooling hydrogen filling. Alternatively, the vortex tube refrigerator 4 has only two switching states of on and off, and the controller 8 can control the on and off of the refrigeration capacity of the vortex tube refrigerator 4. In some schemes, when the refrigeration capacity of the vortex tube refrigerator 4 is turned on, the refrigeration degree can also be adjusted.

[0053] In this way, the system has at least two modes during hydrogen filling, one being a normal temperature hydrogen filling mode and the other being a cooling hydrogen filling mode.

[0054] In normal temperature hydrogen filling, as shown in Figure 2 , the controller 8 controls the vortex tube refrigerator 4 to turn off the refrigeration function, for example, by closing the hot end outlet 43, so that no hot flow flows out of the vortex tube refrigerator 4, and then the hydrogen flows directly from the inlet 41 to the cold end outlet 42. The high pressure hydrogen filled from the hydrogen filling assembly 1 enters the vortex tube refrigerator 4 through the inlet 41 and then is discharged from the cold end outlet 42 and enters the gas cylinder 20.

[0055] In cooling hydrogen filling, as shown in Figure 3As shown, the controller 8 controls the vortex tube refrigerator 4 to open the refrigeration function, the high-pressure hydrogen gas filled from the hydrogen filling assembly 1 enters the vortex tube refrigerator 4 through the inlet 41, and the cooled high-pressure hydrogen gas is discharged from the cold end outlet 42 to enter the gas cylinder 20. The high-temperature hydrogen gas in the vortex tube refrigerator 4 is discharged from the hot end outlet 43.

[0056] According to the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 of the present application, normal-temperature hydrogen filling or cooled hydrogen filling can be selected as needed during hydrogen filling.

[0057] For example, when the ambient temperature is low, or the hydrogen filling station has a cooling measure for the gas cylinder 20, the system can select normal-temperature hydrogen filling. When the ambient temperature is low, the heat generated in the system during hydrogen delivery can be quickly dissipated to the external environment through the pipeline, and the hydrogen filled in the gas cylinder 20 will not be too high in temperature. When the hydrogen filling station has a cooling measure for the gas cylinder 20, the heat generated in the system during hydrogen delivery can be discharged through the gas cylinder 20. In this way, the power consumption of the vortex tube refrigerator 4 is reduced, the generation of high-temperature hydrogen at the vortex tube refrigerator 4 is reduced, and the consumption of hydrogen is reduced.

[0058] When cooled hydrogen filling is selected, the temperature of the hydrogen filled in the gas cylinder 20 can be actively reduced by the vortex tube refrigerator 4, so that the problem of rapid temperature rise in the gas cylinder 20 can be avoided. When the temperature of the gas filled in the gas cylinder 20 is kept low, the rapid heat absorption and expansion of the hydrogen in the gas cylinder 20 can be avoided, so that the possibility of rapid increase of the gas pressure in the gas cylinder 20 is reduced. When the gas pressure in the gas cylinder 20 is kept low, the pressure difference from the hydrogen filling assembly 1 to the gas cylinder 20 is large, so that a faster hydrogen filling speed can be maintained.

[0059] In summary, the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 of the present application can reduce the generation of high-temperature hydrogen at the vortex tube refrigerator 4 and reduce the consumption of hydrogen when normal-temperature hydrogen filling is selected. When cooled hydrogen filling is selected, the problems of rapid temperature rise in the gas cylinder 20 and long hydrogen filling time can be avoided. In this way, the hydrogen storage capacity of the gas cylinder is ensured, and the safety of the entire system is improved.

[0060] It should be noted that the internal structure and refrigeration principle of the vortex tube refrigerator 4 are prior art, and will not be described here.

[0061] In some embodiments, the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 can also be used for hydrogen supply. Referring to Figure 1 , the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 further comprises a pressure-reducing gas supply assembly 3, a first control valve 61, and a second control valve 62.

[0062] One end of the pressure-reducing gas supply assembly 3 is a gas outlet 102, and the pressure-reducing gas supply assembly 3 is connected to the fuel cell through the gas outlet 102. The pressure-reducing gas supply assembly 3 functions to reduce the pressure of the hydrogen gas during gas supply.

[0063] The first control valve 61 is connected to the cold end outlet 42 and the first connection port 201 of the gas cylinder 20 to control the gas flow. The second control valve 62 is connected to the inlet 41 and the first connection port 201 of the gas cylinder 20 to control the gas flow.

[0064] The controller 8 is electrically connected to the first control valve 61, the second control valve 62, and the pressure reducing gas supply assembly 3 to control the switch.

[0065] Therefore, by coordinating the switching control of the first control valve 61, the second control valve 62, and the pressure reducing gas supply component 3, the on-board hydrogen system 100 can be controlled to enter at least five modes.

[0066] The first mode is hydrogenation at room temperature. Specifically, as follows... Figure 2 As shown, the controller 8 controls the vortex tube cooler 4 to shut off its cooling function. For example, by closing the hot end outlet 43, no hot flow exits from the vortex tube cooler 4, and hydrogen flows directly from the inlet 41 to the cold end outlet 42 without cooling. The controller 8 controls the first control valve 61 to open and the second control valve 62 and the pressure reducing gas supply assembly 3 to close. At this time, the high-pressure hydrogen charged from the hydrogen filling assembly 1 enters the vortex tube cooler 4 through the inlet 41, and then exits from the cold end outlet 42, passing through the first control valve 61 into the gas storage cylinder 20.

[0067] Of course, the mode of hydrogenation at room temperature is not limited to this. Figure 2 The scheme shown. In some embodiments, the controller 8 can also control the vortex tube cooler 4 to turn off the cooling function, close the first control valve 61, and open the second control valve 62. At this time, the high-pressure hydrogen gas charged from the hydrogenation assembly 1 enters the gas storage cylinder 20 through the second control valve 62.

[0068] The second mode is cooling and hydrogenation. Specifically, as follows... Figure 3 As shown, controller 8 controls the vortex tube cooler 4 to activate its cooling function. Controller 8 controls the first control valve 61 to open, and the second control valve 62 and the pressure-reducing gas supply assembly 3 to close. At this time, the high-pressure hydrogen gas charged from the hydrogen filling assembly 1 enters the vortex tube cooler 4 through inlet 41. The cooled high-pressure hydrogen gas is discharged from the cold end outlet 42, and then enters the gas storage cylinder 20 through the first control valve 61. The high-temperature hydrogen gas inside the vortex tube cooler 4 is discharged from the hot end outlet 43 to the first emission assembly 51.

[0069] The third mode is room temperature hydrogen supply. Specifically, as follows... Figure 4 As shown, controller 8 controls the first control valve 61 to open and the second control valve 62 to close, thus opening the pressure-reducing gas supply assembly 3. At this time, the high-pressure hydrogen in the gas storage cylinder 20 flows to the pressure-reducing gas supply assembly 3 through the first control valve 61. After being depressurized by the pressure-reducing gas supply assembly 3, it is discharged from the outlet 102 to supply the fuel cell.

[0070] Of course, the actions in the ambient temperature hydrogen supply mode are not limited toFigure 4 As shown in the scheme, in some embodiments, the controller 8 can also control the vortex tube refrigerator 4 to close the refrigeration function and the hydrogenation assembly 1. The controller 8 controls the first control valve 61 to be closed, the second control valve 62 and the pressure reduction gas supply assembly 3 to be opened. At this time, the high-pressure hydrogen gas in the gas cylinder 20 passes through the second control valve 62, enters the vortex tube refrigerator 4 through the inlet 41, and then is discharged from the cold end outlet 42. After that, it flows to the pressure reduction gas supply assembly 3. After being reduced in pressure by the pressure reduction gas supply assembly 3, it is discharged from the gas outlet 102 to supply the fuel cell.

[0071] The fourth mode is cooling and hydrogen supply. As shown in the scheme, the controller 8 controls the first control valve 61 to be closed, the second control valve 62 to be opened, the hydrogenation assembly 1 to be closed, and the pressure reduction gas supply assembly 3 to be opened. At this time, the high-pressure hydrogen gas in the gas cylinder 20 passes through the second control valve 62, enters the vortex tube refrigerator 4 through the inlet 41. The cooled high-pressure hydrogen gas is discharged from the cold end outlet 42 and flows to the pressure reduction gas supply assembly 3. After being reduced in pressure by the pressure reduction gas supply assembly 3, it is discharged from the gas outlet 102 to supply the fuel cell. The high-temperature hydrogen gas in the vortex tube refrigerator 4 is discharged from the hot end outlet 43. Figure 5

[0072] The fifth mode is gas storage. The controller 8 controls the hydrogenation assembly 1, the first control valve 61, the second control valve 62, and the pressure reduction gas supply assembly 3 to be closed.

[0073] Therefore, the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 of the present application can perform normal-temperature operation and cooling operation when hydrogenation and hydrogen supply are performed.

[0074] According to the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 of the present application, four modes of normal-temperature hydrogenation, cooling hydrogenation, normal-temperature hydrogen supply, and cooling hydrogen supply can be switched and selected.

[0075] When hydrogenation is performed, cooling hydrogenation can be selected to actively reduce the temperature of the hydrogen gas filled in the gas cylinder 20 by the vortex tube refrigerator 4, so that the problem of rapid temperature rise in the gas cylinder 20 can be avoided. When the temperature of the gas filled in the gas cylinder 20 is low, rapid heat absorption and expansion of the hydrogen gas in the gas cylinder 20 can be avoided, so that the possibility of rapid increase in the gas pressure in the gas cylinder 20 is reduced. When the gas pressure in the gas cylinder 20 is low, the pressure difference from the hydrogenation assembly 1 to the gas cylinder 20 is large, so that a fast hydrogenation speed can be maintained. In this way, the hydrogen storage amount of the gas cylinder is ensured, and the safety of the entire system is improved.

[0076] When hydrogenation is performed, if the environment permits, normal-temperature hydrogenation can be selected to absorb the heat generated in the gas transmission by the external environment, so that the temperature of the hydrogen gas filled in the gas cylinder 20 is not too high. A fast hydrogenation speed can be maintained, the hydrogen storage amount of the gas cylinder is ensured, and the safety of the entire system is ensured. In this way, the power consumption of the vortex tube refrigerator 4 is reduced, the generation of high-temperature hydrogen gas at the vortex tube refrigerator 4 is reduced, and the consumption of hydrogen gas is reduced. ​

[0077] During hydrogen supply, a cooling-down approach can be selected. The vortex tube cooler 4 actively lowers the temperature of the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell, preventing rapid temperature rise within the pipeline and thus avoiding pressure buildup and slow hydrogen supply. This ensures both the performance of the fuel cell stack and meets the needs of high-flow-rate engines, thereby improving the overall system safety.

[0078] If environmental conditions permit, hydrogen can be supplied at ambient temperature, utilizing the external environment to absorb the heat generated during gas transmission and preventing excessively high temperatures in the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell. This ensures both the performance of the fuel cell stack and meets the needs of high-flow-rate engines. This also reduces the power consumption of the vortex tube cooler 4, decreases the generation of high-temperature hydrogen at the vortex tube cooler 4, and reduces hydrogen consumption.

[0079] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the on-board hydrogen system 100 also includes an inlet / outlet control component 2, which is connected to the first connection port 201 of the gas storage cylinder 20. The inlet / outlet control component 2 controls the opening and closing of the first connection port 201 of the gas storage cylinder 20. When the inlet / outlet control component 2 opens the first connection port 201, hydrogen can be introduced into the gas storage cylinder 20 from the first connection port 201. When hydrogen is needed while the vehicle is in motion, the inlet / outlet control component 2 opens the first connection port 201, and hydrogen in the gas storage cylinder 20 is discharged from the first connection port 201. This improves the controllability of the inlet / outlet state of the gas storage cylinder 20 and ensures that the first connection port 201 is closed when inlet / outlet gas is stopped.

[0080] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, there are at least two vortex tube coolers 4, arranged in parallel. This improves cooling efficiency. Furthermore, since each vortex tube cooler 4 can be controlled to open and close, the range of cooling control can be increased by controlling the number of vortex tube coolers 4 that are open.

[0081] For example, when there are two vortex tube coolers 4, the cooling range is 100% when both vortex tube coolers 4 are fully open. When one vortex tube cooler 4 is fully open and the other vortex tube cooler 4 is closed, the cooling range is 50%. In this way, by combining two vortex tube coolers 4, more cooling levels can be selected.

[0082] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6As shown, the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 further comprises a first one-way valve 801 connected to the cold-end outlet 42, to control the one-way flow from the cold-end outlet 42 to the pressure-reducing gas supply assembly 3 and the first control valve 61. In this way, the hydrogen at the pressure-reducing gas supply assembly 3 and the first control valve 61 is prevented from flowing back into the vortex tube refrigerator 4 from the cold-end outlet 42. In this way, on the one hand, the control ability of the hydrogen flow direction is improved, and on the other hand, the structural protection of the vortex tube refrigerator 4 is improved.

[0083] Specifically, when the vortex tube refrigerator 4 is at least two, a first one-way valve 801 is arranged downstream of the cold-end outlet 42 of each vortex tube refrigerator 4, thereby protecting the plurality of vortex tube refrigerators 4.

[0084] Specifically, as shown, Figure 6 The vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 further comprises a first temperature sensor 71 for detecting the gas temperature of the cold-end outlet 42. The controller 8 is electrically connected to the first temperature sensor 71, so that the refrigeration effect of the vortex tube refrigerator 4 can be monitored, and the hydrogen temperature during hydrogen filling and hydrogen supply can be observed, and the safety can be ensured by tracking the temperature.

[0085] In some schemes, the first temperature sensor 71 is arranged, so that the system can change the hydrogen filling or hydrogen supply mode according to the temperature feedback of the first temperature sensor 71. For example, when the first temperature sensor 71 feeds back that the temperature of the hydrogen flowing through rises too fast during normal-temperature hydrogen filling, the system switches from the normal-temperature hydrogen filling mode to the cooling hydrogen filling mode.

[0086] In some schemes, the refrigeration effect of the vortex tube refrigerator 4 is adjustable, and the system can change the refrigeration effect of the vortex tube refrigerator 4 according to the temperature feedback of the first temperature sensor 71.

[0087] In some schemes, the controller 8 is electrically connected to the adjusting valve of the vortex tube refrigerator 4, so that the refrigeration effect of the vortex tube refrigerator 4 can be adjusted by adjusting the gear of the adjusting valve. That is, the refrigeration effect of a single vortex tube refrigerator 4 is also adjustable. At this time, by monitoring the refrigeration result of the vortex tube refrigerator 4, the self-feedback and self-adjustment ability is obtained.

[0088] Specifically, as shown, Figure 6 The vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 further comprises a second temperature sensor 72 for detecting the gas temperature of the hot-end outlet 43. The controller 8 is electrically connected to the second temperature sensor 72. In this way, by tracking the exhaust temperature of the hot-end outlet 43, it can be determined whether the vortex tube refrigerator 4 has reached the refrigeration limit, and the refrigeration adjustment amount of the vortex tube refrigerator 4 can be determined.

[0089] Further, as shown, Figure 6As shown, the on-board hydrogen system 100 also includes a first pressure sensor 73, which is connected to the cold end outlet 42, and the controller 8 is electrically connected to the first pressure sensor 73. This allows for tracking of whether the exhaust pressure from the vortex tube cooler 4 is too high, ensuring the safe operation of the vortex tube cooler 4. Subsequently, the gas from the vortex tube cooler 4 flows to the gas storage tank 20, and the pressure changes in the gas storage tank 20 can be tracked to ensure system safety.

[0090] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the on-board hydrogen system 100 also includes a first emission component 51 connected to the hot end outlet 43 for controlling the emission of gas from the hot end outlet 43.

[0091] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the first emission assembly 51 also includes a first vent 511 for directly venting high-temperature hydrogen into the atmosphere.

[0092] The first vent 511 is designed so that when the vortex tube cooler 4 is running while the vehicle is in motion and high-temperature hydrogen is discharged from the hot end outlet 43, it can be discharged from the first vent 511.

[0093] Understandably, in the aforementioned cooling hydrogen supply mode, the hydrogen flow rate is relatively low and the heat generation is limited when supplying hydrogen from the gas storage cylinder 20 to the fuel cell. Therefore, the degree of cooling required during supply is limited, resulting in a smaller amount of high-temperature hydrogen discharged from the hot-end outlet 43. In this case, the hydrogen can be directly discharged to the atmosphere through the first vent 511, minimizing waste and allowing the high-temperature hydrogen to dissipate promptly, thus preventing any impact on the system.

[0094] Specifically, the first emission assembly 51 also includes a venting control valve 512, which is electrically connected to the controller 8 and used to control the opening and closing of the first vent port 511. This prevents hydrogen from venting from the first vent port 511 when the venting control valve 512 is closed, reducing leakage. When the controller 8 determines that the high-temperature hydrogen has nowhere to vent, it uses the venting control valve 512 to open the first vent port 511.

[0095] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, the first emission assembly 51 also includes a buffer interface 513, which is connected to the hot end outlet 43 and is used to connect to the buffer gas tank 300.

[0096] In some embodiments, the buffer gas tank 300 is not installed on the vehicle itself; instead, it is located at a gas station. When the on-board hydrogen system 100 is refueling, the refueling nozzle can be connected through the air inlet 101, and the buffer gas tank 300 can be connected through the buffer interface 513.

[0097] Understandably, when a vehicle refuels at a gas station, a large amount of high-pressure hydrogen needs to be added to the storage cylinder 20 in a short period of time. Due to the high flow rate and pressure of hydrogen during refueling, the hydrogen generates significant heat as it flows through the pipeline. Therefore, if a cooling refueling mode is used, the hydrogen typically needs to be cooled considerably. However, the cooling effect is limited, resulting in a large amount of high-temperature hydrogen being discharged from the hot-end outlet 43. At this point, a large amount of high-temperature hydrogen can be discharged to the buffer tank 300 via the buffer interface component 513 for storage. Once the hydrogen temperature in the buffer tank 300 decreases, it can be recycled. Therefore, the buffer interface component 513 reduces hydrogen waste and improves utilization.

[0098] Specifically, the buffer interface 513 is normally closed when not connected to the buffer gas tank 300, and normally open when connected to the buffer gas tank 300.

[0099] In some specific embodiments, the first emission assembly 51 only includes a buffer interface 513, and no buffer gas tank 300 is installed on the vehicle. In the cooling gas supply mode, a small amount of high-temperature hydrogen discharged from the hot end outlet 43 is buffered in the pipeline and not discharged. When the vehicle enters the gas station and enters the cooling refueling mode, the buffer interface 513 connects to the gas station's buffer gas tank 300, and the previously buffered hydrogen enters the buffer gas tank 300. At the same time, the new high-temperature hydrogen generated during the hydrogen refueling process also enters the gas station's buffer gas tank 300 through the buffer interface 513.

[0100] In other specific embodiments, the first emission assembly 51 includes a buffer interface 513, and a buffer gas tank 300 is installed on the vehicle. In both the cooling gas supply mode and the cooling gas refueling mode, the generated high-temperature hydrogen can enter the buffer gas tank 300 on the vehicle through the buffer interface 513.

[0101] In some other specific embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the first emission assembly 51 includes a first vent 511, a vent control valve 512, and a buffer interface 513. No buffer gas tank 300 is installed on the vehicle. In the cooling gas supply mode, the buffer interface 513 is normally closed, and the vent control valve 512 opens the first vent 511, allowing a small amount of high-temperature hydrogen gas discharged from the hot end outlet 43 to be released into the atmosphere through the first vent 511. In the cooling refueling mode, the vent control valve 512 closes the first vent 511, and the high-temperature hydrogen gas generated by the vortex tube cooler 4 enters the buffer gas tank 300 of the gas station through the buffer interface 513. This structure adapts to the difference in the amount of high-temperature hydrogen gas generated in the cooling gas supply mode and the cooling refueling mode, eliminating the need for a buffer gas tank 300 on the vehicle and avoiding significant hydrogen waste.

[0102] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6As shown, the first control valve 61 is a two-phase solenoid valve. Specifically, the first control valve 61 mainly includes an electromagnetic coil and a core, etc., and the electromagnetic coil generates a magnetic field when energized to drive the core to act, thereby providing power for the opening and closing of the valve. After the electromagnetic force disappears, the valve core is reset by the elastic force of the spring to close the valve.

[0103] From Figure 6 As can be seen, the first control valve 61 has two communication states, one is from the inlet and outlet air control assembly 2 to the pressure reducing gas supply assembly 3, and the other is from the cold end outlet 42 of the vortex tube refrigerator 4 to the inlet and outlet air control assembly 2. The first control valve 61 also has a closed state. By using a two-phase solenoid valve, the five modes of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 can be adapted, and the flow direction requirements controlled by the first control valve 61 in each mode can be met.

[0104] In some embodiments, as Figure 6 shown, the second control valve 62 is a solenoid valve. The second control valve 62 has one communication state, which is the communication state when flowing from the inlet and outlet air control assembly 2 to the inlet 41 of the vortex tube refrigerator 4 in one direction. The second control valve 62 also has a closed state, and the second control valve 62 is in the closed state when the system is hydrogenated. A common solenoid valve can meet the flow direction requirements controlled by the second control valve 62.

[0105] Of course, the scheme of the present application can also not be limited to this, and the second control valve 62 can also have two communication states and a closed state. The communication states include the communication state when flowing from the inlet and outlet air control assembly 2 to the inlet 41 of the vortex tube refrigerator 4 in one direction, and the communication state when flowing from the inlet 41 of the vortex tube refrigerator 4 to the inlet and outlet air control assembly 2 in one direction.

[0106] When hydrogenation at room temperature, as Figure 7 shown, the controller 8 controls the vortex tube refrigerator 4 to close the refrigeration function, for example by closing the hot end outlet 43, and there is no heat flow out of the vortex tube refrigerator 4, so the hydrogen gas is directly cooled from the inlet 41 to the cold end outlet 42. The controller 8 controls the first control valve 61 and the pressure reducing gas supply assembly 3 to be closed, and the second control valve 62 to be opened. At this time, the high-pressure hydrogen gas filled from the hydrogenation assembly 1 enters the gas cylinder 20 through the inlet 41 and the second control valve 62.

[0107] In some embodiments, as Figure 6As shown, the reduced pressure gas supply assembly 3 further comprises a reduced pressure valve 31, a gas outlet 102, and a third control valve 63. The reduced pressure valve 31 has a first end connected to the first control valve 61 and the cold end outlet 42 of the vortex tube refrigerator 4, and the gas outlet 102 is used to connect to the fuel cell. The third control valve 63 is connected between the outlet end of the reduced pressure valve 31 and the gas outlet 102, and is used to control the opening and closing of the gas outlet 102. The reduced pressure valve 31 is provided to adjust the gas outlet pressure of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100, to realize short-path internal gas pressure adjustment, and to reduce the unstable influence of external factors on gas pressure adjustment.

[0108] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 6 As shown, the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 further comprises a second discharge assembly 52 connected to the reduced pressure gas supply assembly 3, and also used to connect to the second communication port 202 of the gas cylinder 20 to control the discharge of gas to the atmosphere. In this way, the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 can be discharged according to requirements, for example, in dangerous situations, and also for example, when the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 needs to be repaired or inspected, the hydrogen in the system can be discharged through the second discharge assembly 52.

[0109] The following will be described with reference to Figure 6 As shown in the specific implementation, a vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 is introduced.

[0110] The vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 comprises a hydrogen filling assembly 1, one end of the hydrogen filling assembly 1 being a gas inlet 101, and the hydrogen filling assembly 1 comprising a second one-way valve 802 and a first filter 104.

[0111] The first filter 104 is provided on the hydrogen filling assembly 1, and is used to filter the incoming gas, thereby improving the cleanliness of the gas entering the gas cylinder 20. The type of the first filter 104 is not limited here, and can be filter wool, Hepa net, stainless steel filter screen, or sintered filter element, etc.

[0112] The second one-way valve 802 is provided so that when the hydrogen filling assembly 1 is connected to an external gas source, the external gas flow flows unidirectionally along the hydrogen filling assembly 1 to the vortex tube refrigerator 4.

[0113] The vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 comprises an inlet and outlet gas control assembly 2, which comprises a flow limiting valve 21 and a fourth control valve 64, and the fourth control valve 64 is used to control the opening and closing of the first communication port 201 of the gas cylinder 20. The flow limiting valve 21 is provided for flow limiting protection.

[0114] The vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 comprises a pressure-reducing gas supply assembly 3, which comprises a pressure-reducing valve 31, a gas outlet 102 and a third control valve 63. The inlet of the pressure-reducing valve 31 is connected to the first control valve 61 and the cold end outlet 42 of the vortex tube refrigerator 4, and the gas outlet 102 is used to connect the fuel cell. The third control valve 63 is connected between the outlet of the pressure-reducing valve 31 and the gas outlet 102, and is used to control the opening and closing of the gas outlet 102. The pressure-reducing valve 31 is arranged to adjust the outlet pressure of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100, to realize short-path internal gas pressure adjustment and reduce the unstable influence of external factors on the gas pressure adjustment.

[0115] The vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 comprises two parallel vortex tube refrigerators 4. The vortex tube refrigerator 4 has an inlet 41, a cold end outlet 42 and a hot end outlet 43. The inlet 41 is connected to the hydrogen filling assembly 1, the cold end outlet 42 is connected to the pressure-reducing gas supply assembly 3, and the first control valve 61 is also connected to the cold end outlet 42.

[0116] The vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 comprises a third one-way valve 803, which is arranged between the hydrogen filling assembly 1 and the inlet 41 of the vortex tube refrigerator 4.

[0117] The vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 comprises two first one-way valves 801, which are arranged at the cold end outlets 42 of the two vortex tube refrigerators 4 to realize one-way discharge of hydrogen gas to the outside.

[0118] The vehicle-mounted hydrogen system 100 comprises a first discharge assembly 51 and a second discharge assembly 52.

[0119] The first discharge assembly 51 comprises a first discharge port 511, a discharge emptying control valve 512 and a buffer interface 513.

[0120] The second discharge assembly 52 comprises a second discharge port 103 and a plurality of branches connected to the second discharge port 103. Two of the branches are connected to the second communication port 202 of the gas cylinder 20, and an over-temperature and over-pressure protection valve 521 and a first hand valve 522 are arranged on the two branches, respectively.

[0121] The over-temperature and over-pressure protection valve 521 can be opened to realize automatic discharge when the gas temperature and pressure are detected to exceed the threshold value, as long as at least one of the two conditions is met. In this way, the safety can be improved. Generally, when the gas temperature and pressure are reduced to the normal range, the over-temperature and over-pressure protection valve 521 will be automatically closed to maintain the normal use of the gas cylinder 20.

[0122] The first hand valve 522 is arranged to be forcibly opened by the user when necessary. For example, when the gas cylinder 20 needs to be repaired or disassembled, the first hand valve 522 is used to forcibly discharge gas, thereby improving the safety of repair or disassembly and avoiding the danger to life and safety caused by residual gas in the gas cylinder 20.

[0123] The third branch of the second exhaust assembly 52 is connected to the pressure reducing valve 31 at one end and to the second exhaust port 103 at the other end. A safety valve 523 is provided on the branch to release gas when the pressure is too high, preventing damage to the pressure reducing valve 31.

[0124] The fourth branch of the second exhaust assembly 52 is connected between the third control valve 63 and the gas outlet 102 at one end and to the second exhaust port 103 at the other end. A second hand valve 524 is provided on the branch to forcibly open when required, releasing hydrogen from the pipe connected to the fuel cell.

[0125] The on-board hydrogen system 100 also includes a controller 8 connected to the valves and to temperature sensors and pressure sensors at various locations, enabling overall control.

[0126] The on-board hydrogen system 100 of the present application is developed using a new method based on the final application target, obtaining the required key factors, selecting the appropriate components based on the key factors, and developing a high-performance on-board hydrogen system 100. A new temperature control device is added to adjust the hydrogen temperature during hydrogen filling and hydrogen supply, increasing the hydrogen filling amount in the same volume and reducing the impact of cylinder temperature on the performance of the fuel cell stack.

[0127] The control method of the on-board hydrogen system 100 according to the embodiment of the present application detects the temperature of the gas cylinder 20 during hydrogen filling and selects a normal-temperature hydrogen filling mode or a cooling hydrogen filling mode based on the range of the temperature of the gas cylinder 20.

[0128] The temperature of the gas cylinder 20 is detected during hydrogen supply, and a normal-temperature hydrogen supply mode or a cooling hydrogen supply mode is selected based on the range of the temperature of the gas cylinder 20.

[0129] The vehicle according to the embodiment of the present application includes the on-board hydrogen system 100 according to the above-described embodiment. Thus, the safety of the vehicle is improved.

[0130] In the description of the present specification, the description referring to the terms "embodiment", "example", and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0131] While embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are merely divergences of the principles and application of the present application and that numerous modifications, changes, substitutions, and alterations can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, which is defined by the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An on-board hydrogen system, characterized in that, include: Hydrogenation components; A vortex tube cooler has an inlet, a cold end outlet, and a hot end outlet. The inlet is connected to the hydrogenation assembly, and the cold end outlet is used to connect to the first communication port of the gas storage cylinder. The controller is electrically connected to the vortex tube cooler to adjust the cooling capacity and switch between room temperature hydrogen addition and cooling hydrogen addition.

2. The on-board hydrogen system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vortex tube cooler comprises at least two units, which are connected in parallel.

3. The on-board hydrogen system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A first check valve is connected to the cold end outlet to control one-way exhaust at the cold end outlet.

4. The on-board hydrogen system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A first temperature sensor is used to detect the gas temperature at the cold end outlet; The second temperature sensor is used to detect the gas temperature at the hot end outlet; The controller is electrically connected to the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor.

5. The on-board hydrogen system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A first pressure sensor is connected to the cold end outlet, and the controller is electrically connected to the first pressure sensor.

6. The on-board hydrogen system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Also includes: Pressure-reducing gas supply assembly, used to connect to the fuel cell; A first control valve is connected to the cold end outlet and the first connection port of the gas storage cylinder to control the gas flow. A second control valve is connected to the inlet and the first connection port of the gas storage cylinder to control the gas flow. The controller is electrically connected to the first control valve, the second control valve, and the pressure reducing gas supply assembly to control the switch.

7. The on-board hydrogen system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first control valve is a two-phase solenoid valve.

8. The on-board hydrogen system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Also includes: A first emission assembly, connected to the hot end outlet, is used to control the emission of gas from the hot end outlet.

9. The on-board hydrogen system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first emission component further includes a buffer interface device for connecting a buffer gas tank.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, include: The on-board hydrogen system according to any one of claims 1-9.

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