One-way moisture-conducting breathable fabric based on vinyl elastomer and preparation method of one-way moisture-conducting breathable fabric

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of functional textile materials, and provides a one-way moisture-conducting breathable fabric based on a vinyl elastomer and a preparation method of the one-way moisture-conducting breathable fabric based on the vinyl elastomer. The hydrophilic coating contains a vinyl elastomer matrix, polyvinyl alcohol, a zwitterionic polymer and a cross-linking agent, the hydrophobic coating contains a vinyl elastomer matrix, vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and other components, the coatings are only attached to the surfaces of yarn fibers and do not block pores, and a wettability gradient structure is formed; the excellent performance that the static contact angle gradient in the thickness direction is larger than or equal to 50 degrees, the capillary water absorption height from the inner side to the outer side is larger than or equal to 3.0 cm / 10 min, the capillary water absorption height from the outer side to the inner side is smaller than or equal to 1.0 cm / 10 min, the moisture permeation amount is larger than or equal to 5000 g.m.24 h, and the air permeability after curing is 65% or above of a fabric base material is achieved, the technical problem that an existing fabric is insufficient in moisture conductivity and air permeability is solved, and wide application value is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of functional textile materials, and provides a unidirectional moisture-conducting and breathable fabric based on a vinyl elastomer and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the fields of modern sportswear, outdoor equipment, medical protective products, and special protective textiles, the moisture and heat management performance of the fabric directly determines the comfort and functional performance of the product. With the continuous pursuit of healthy life quality and the increasing demand for extreme environment operation, the market demand for functional fabrics with excellent moisture-conducting and breathable performance is increasingly urgent. During exercise and high-intensity work, the human body will produce a large amount of sweat and heat. If the fabric cannot conduct the moisture from the inside to the outside in time and maintain good breathability, it will cause the wearer to feel stuffy, sticky, and other discomfort, and even affect the performance and safety of the operation. Therefore, the development of breathable fabrics with unidirectional moisture-conducting function has become an important development direction in the field of textile materials. Such fabrics need to realize the directional transmission of moisture while maintaining excellent breathability, i.e., allowing sweat to quickly pass from the inside to the outside, while preventing external moisture from penetrating to the inside. Meeting this performance requirement not only can significantly improve the wearing comfort and functionality of the garment, but also can broaden the application range of functional textiles, promote the technological progress and market development of related industries, and is of great significance to enhance the competitiveness of China in the field of high-end functional textile materials.

[0003] At present, the improvement of the moisture-conducting and breathable performance of functional fabrics mainly depends on fiber modification, fabric structure design, and surface coating treatment, etc. However, the existing technology still has significant deficiencies in simultaneously achieving excellent moisture-conducting and breathable performance. Although the traditional hydrophilic coating can enhance the moisture absorption of the fabric, it often blocks the pores of the fabric, seriously affecting the breathability, resulting in a stuffy phenomenon during moisture-conducting. While the hydrophobic treatment can provide certain waterproof function, it lacks effective unidirectional moisture-conducting mechanism and cannot realize the directional transmission of sweat. For example, the Chinese patent with publication number CN216551306U discloses a unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric and a preparation method thereof, which adopts a double-sided differential coating design, but has the deficiencies of insufficient adhesion between the coating and the substrate and low moisture-conducting efficiency. In addition, the Chinese patent with publication number CN202491482U discloses a breathable and moisture-conducting fabric, which is prepared by a laminating composite process, but has the deficiencies of complex process, high cost, and significant decrease in breathability. The selection and formula design of coating materials in the existing technology lack systematicness, making it difficult to achieve high-efficiency unidirectional moisture-conducting function while maintaining the breathability of the fabric, which is mainly due to the lack of suitable elastomer substrates and scientific methods for constructing the wetting gradient, limiting the popularization of functional fabrics in high-end application fields. SUMMARY

[0004] (1) Technical problems solved The purpose of the present application is to provide a unidirectional moisture-wicking and breathable fabric based on vinyl elastomer and a preparation method thereof, to solve the problem of insufficient moisture-wicking and breathable performance of the current fabric.

[0005] (2) Technical solutions In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions: a unidirectional moisture-wicking and breathable fabric based on vinyl elastomer, comprising a fabric substrate, and a hydrophilic coating containing a vinyl elastomer matrix and a hydrophobic coating containing a vinyl elastomer matrix coated on the inner and outer surfaces of the fabric substrate respectively; the hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating are only attached to the surface of the yarn and the fiber, and will not block the pores of the fabric, maintaining the breathability of the fabric; the hydrophilic coating contains a hydrophilic material, so that the inner surface has hydrophilicity; the hydrophobic coating contains a hydrophobic siloxane material, so that the outer surface has hydrophobicity; the hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating form a wetting gradient, so that the moisture is mainly transferred from the inner side to the outer side.

[0006] The present application adopts a double-sided differential coating design to prepare a unidirectional moisture-wicking and breathable fabric mainly used to enhance the moisture-wicking and breathable performance of the fabric. The core design purpose of this technical solution is to realize the directional transmission mechanism of water by building functional coatings with different wetting properties on the inner and outer sides of the fabric substrate. The hydrophilic coating is coated on the inner surface of the fabric, and the hydrophilic material contained therein can quickly absorb and conduct the sweat produced by the human body, providing driving force for the outward transmission of moisture. The hydrophobic coating is coated on the outer surface of the fabric, and the hydrophobic siloxane material contained therein can effectively prevent external moisture from penetrating to the inner side, while promoting the outward diffusion of moisture transmitted from the inner side. The significant difference in wetting performance between the two coating materials forms a clear wetting gradient, and this gradient structure is the key mechanism to realize the unidirectional moisture-wicking function. More importantly, the present application fully considers the maintenance of the breathability in the coating design, and by precisely controlling the attachment mode of the coating, the hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating are only attached to the surface of the yarn and the fiber, avoiding the blockage of the pores of the fabric by the coating material. This selective attachment mechanism ensures that the original air permeation channel of the fabric is retained, maintaining excellent breathability while realizing the unidirectional moisture-wicking function, thereby achieving an ideal balance between moisture-wicking and breathability, and significantly improving the comprehensive functional performance of the fabric.

[0007] Further, the hydrophilic coating is composed of: a vinyl elastomer matrix: 35-55 wt%; polyvinyl alcohol or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer: 15-25 wt%; a zwitterionic polymer selected from [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide, molecular weight 10000-50000 Da: 1.0-2.5 wt%; a maleic anhydride grafted vinyl elastomer compatibilization / adhesion aid selected from maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-octene copolymer POE-g-MA, maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer EVA-g-MA or maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer EBA-g-MA: 3-8 wt%; a multifunctional crosslinker 1.0-3.0 wt% selected from 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid BTCA; a hydrophilic cosolvent dispersant 0.5-2.0 wt% selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyethylene glycol; a hydrophilic rheology modifier 0.2-2.5 wt% selected from hydroxyethyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose; a defoamer 0.05-0.3 wt% selected from polyether-modified siloxane or mineral oil; and the rest is a hydrophilic coating solvent which is a mixture of water / ethanol / isopropyl alcohol in a volume ratio of 40-60:20-35:10-25.

[0008] The hydrophilic coating has a water contact angle of 30-60° and a dry film thickness of 2-10 μm.

[0009] Further, the hydrophobic coating is composed of: a vinyl elastomer matrix: 40-65 wt%; a vinyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane Vi-PDMS: 8-18 wt%; a methacryloxypropyl POSS: 2-6 wt%; a hydrosiloxane crosslinker selected from polymethylhydrosiloxane or a hydride terminated polydimethylsiloxane: 1-4 wt%; a silane coupling agent 0.5-1.5 wt%; a platinum catalyst: 0.001-0.02 wt% selected from chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate or bis(diethenyltetramethyldisiloxane) platinum complex, based on metallic platinum; a reaction inhibitor: 0.01-0.08 wt% selected from 1-ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol or 3-methyl-1-butyne-3-ol; a hydrophobic roughening microparticle: 0.5-2.5 wt% selected from hydrophobic silica; a hydrophobic rheology modifier: 0.1-1.0 wt% selected from polyamide wax; and the rest is a hydrophobic coating solvent selected from a mixture of one or more of toluene, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone and acetone; the hydrophobic coating has a water contact angle of 115-135° and a dry film thickness of 3-12 μm.

[0010] Further, the vinyl elastomer is selected from ethylene-octene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer, or a mixture of two or more of the above.

[0011] Further, the silane coupling agent is selected from one or both of 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyl trimethoxysilane and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane; the average particle size of the hydrophobic silica is 20-200 nm.

[0012] The present application adopts a precisely proportioned multi-component synergistic system design to prepare a unidirectional moisture management and air permeable fabric. The vinyl elastomer matrix in the hydrophilic coating provides good mechanical properties and substrate adhesion as a flexible skeleton, polyvinyl alcohol or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer as the main hydrophilic component endows the coating with excellent moisture absorption and conduction capacity, and the zwitterionic polymer [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide further enhances the hydrophilicity and improves the compatibility with the matrix. The maleic anhydride grafted vinyl elastomer compatibility adhesive such as POE-g-MAH, EVA-g-MAH or EBA-g-MA strengthens the internal bonding of the coating and the adhesion to the substrate through chemical bonding, the multifunctional crosslinking agent 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid BTCA constructs a three-dimensional network structure to improve the stability of the coating, and the hydrophilic auxiliary dispersing agent polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyethylene glycol optimizes the uniformity of component dispersion. The vinyl elastomer matrix in the hydrophobic coating also provides flexible support, and the end-vinyl polydimethylsiloxane Vi-PDMS and methacryloyloxypropyl POSS synergistically construct a super-hydrophobic surface, the hydrogen-containing siloxane crosslinking agent forms a silicon hydride addition crosslinking network with a platinum catalyst, and the silane coupling agent 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyl trimethoxysilane and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane enhances the interfacial bonding, and the hydrophobic silica particles construct a micro-nano rough structure to further improve the hydrophobic effect. Through the synergistic effect of the components in the two coating systems, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties are precisely controlled at the molecular level, forming a significant wetting gradient, ensuring the efficient realization of the unidirectional moisture management function.

[0013] Further, the static contact angle gradient of the fabric in the thickness direction is Δθ≥50°, wherein the contact angle on the hydrophilic side is 30°-60°, and the contact angle on the hydrophobic side is 115°-135°; the capillary water absorption height from the inside to the outside is ≥3.0 cm / 10 min, the capillary water absorption height from the outside to the inside is ≤1.0 cm / 10 min, and the moisture permeation amount is ≥5,000 g·m⁻²·24 h under the condition of 23°C / 50%RH.

[0014] The present application also discloses a preparation method of a unidirectional moisture management and air permeable fabric based on a vinyl elastomer, comprising the following steps: S1 fabric pretreatment: washing, heat setting and surface activation treatment are performed on the fabric substrate to make the surface tension reach 38-52 mN·m⁻¹; S2 hydrophilic coating preparation: polyvinyl alcohol or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer is dissolved in water at 70-80°C, then after cooling to room temperature, zwitterionic polymer, hydrophilic dispersant, and finally vinyl elastomer matrix, maleic anhydride grafted vinyl elastomer compatibility / adhesion aid and multifunctional crosslinking agent alcohol solution are added in turn, a stable mixed dispersion system is formed by high-speed dispersion, and the viscosity is adjusted to 1000-5000 mPa·s; S3 hydrophilic coating coating: coating the hydrophilic coating on the inner side surface of the fabric, the wet film thickness is 8-25 μm, and the pre-drying is carried out at 50-70°C; S4 hydrophobic coating preparation: mixing vinyl elastomer, vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, methacryloyloxypropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, hydrogen-containing siloxane crosslinking agent, silane coupling agent, hydrophobic silica microparticles, hydrophobic rheological modifier, platinum catalyst and inhibitor in the hydrophobic coating solvent, and adjusting the viscosity to 1500-6000 mPa·s; S5 hydrophobic coating coating: coating the hydrophobic coating on the outer side surface of the fabric, the wet film thickness is 10-30 μm, and the pre-drying is carried out at 50-70°C; S6 synergistic curing: according to the preset program, the temperature is raised in three stages: the first stage is 90-110°C, the second stage is 120-140°C, and the third stage is 150-170°C, each stage lasts for 5-10 min, and the third stage lasts for 15-25 min, so that the double-sided coating is crosslinked and formed.

[0015] Further, the hydrophilic coating coating speed is 20-35 m / min, the coating pressure is 0.1-0.3 MPa, and the doctor blade angle is 45°-65°; the hydrophobic coating coating speed is 15-30 m / min, the coating pressure is 0.1-0.4 MPa, and the doctor blade angle is 40°-60°; the air permeability of the fabric after coating and curing is ≥65% of that of the untreated fabric substrate.

[0016] Further, the total solid content of the hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating is 30-50% and 35-55%, respectively; the fabric substrate is a polyester fabric, and the spandex content is ≤5 wt%; when containing spandex, the third stage curing temperature is controlled at 140-150°C.

[0017] The hydrophobic coating and the hydrophilic coating have different functions in the present application. The hydrophobic coating mainly focuses on constructing a super-hydrophobic interface and preventing external moisture penetration, while the hydrophilic coating focuses on quickly absorbing and conducting internal sweat and promoting water diffusion outward. In terms of one-way moisture transfer performance improvement mechanism, the end-vinyl polydimethylsiloxane and the methacryloyloxypropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane in the hydrophobic coating significantly improve the water contact angle by reducing the surface energy and constructing micro-nano rough structure, while the polyvinyl alcohol or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer and the zwitterionic polymer in the hydrophilic coating enhance the moisture affinity through hydrogen bonding and ion-dipole interaction, and the wettability gradient formed by the two drives the directional transport of water. In terms of air permeability maintenance mechanism, the hydrophobic coating realizes selective fiber surface attachment through silane coupling agent and vinyl elastomer matrix, and the hydrophilic coating relies on maleic anhydride grafted vinyl elastomer compatibility adhesive to ensure that the coating is only distributed on the surface of the yarn without blocking the pores. The synergistic effect of the two-layer coating is that the low surface energy environment provided by the hydrophobic coating and the high moisture absorption driving force created by the hydrophilic coating form an effective moisture transfer potential difference, and the vinyl elastomer matrix shared by the double-layer coating enhances the interfacial bonding force through molecular chain segment diffusion and entanglement, and the crosslinking network formed by the silicon hydrogen addition reaction of the multifunctional crosslinking agent further stabilizes the overall structure. However, the understanding of the molecular chain segment migration behavior and dynamic wetting regulation mechanism at the coating interface still needs further research.

[0018] Application of a one-way moisture transfer and air permeable fabric based on vinyl elastomer in sports clothing, outdoor equipment, medical protective products or special protective textiles.

[0019] The application adopts a precisely controlled preparation process design to prepare a unidirectional moisture guiding and air permeable fabric mainly used for enhancing the fabric. The technical scheme realizes significant moisture gradient construction and excellent air permeability maintenance through systematic process parameter optimization. In the fabric pretreatment stage, the surface tension is precisely controlled in a specific range through cleaning, heat setting and surface activation treatment, laying a foundation for uniform coating and firm combination of the subsequent coating. In the hydrophilic coating preparation process, temperature control dissolution and stepwise feeding strategies are adopted. The polyvinyl alcohol or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer is fully dissolved at a specific temperature, and then the zwitterionic polymer, hydrophilic solubility dispersant and vinyl elastomer matrix and other components are sequentially added. A stable dispersion system is formed through high-speed dispersion to ensure the full compatibility and synergistic effect between the components. In the hydrophobic coating preparation, the end-vinyl polydimethylsiloxane, methacryloyloxypropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, hydrogen-containing siloxane crosslinking agent, platinum catalyst and other components are mixed in proportion to realize precise control of the silicon hydrogen addition reaction. The double-sided coating coating process ensures the coating quality through differentiated coating parameters and pre-drying conditions. The three-stage temperature program for synergistic curing makes the double-sided coating form a stable moisture gradient structure in the crosslinking and molding process. The process design realizes a significant static contact angle gradient in the thickness direction, ensures excellent unidirectional capillary water absorption performance and high moisture permeation, and maintains the good air permeability of the fabric substrate, providing technical support for the functional application of the fabric in various fields.

[0020] (3) Beneficial technical effects 1. Realize high-efficiency unidirectional moisture guiding function: a significant moisture gradient is constructed through double-sided differentiated coating design. The polyvinyl alcohol or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer and the zwitterionic polymer in the hydrophilic coating synergistically provide strong hydrophilicity. The end-vinyl polydimethylsiloxane and the methacryloyloxypropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane in the hydrophobic coating synergistically construct a super-hydrophobic surface, forming a static contact angle gradient ≥ 50° in the thickness direction, realizing a significant unidirectional moisture guiding effect of capillary water absorption height ≥ 3.0 cm / 10 min from the inside to the outside and ≤ 1.0 cm / 10 min from the outside to the inside; 2. Maintain excellent air permeability: through precise control of the coating adhesion mode, the hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating are only attached to the surface of the yarn and the fiber without blocking the fabric pores. Combined with the selective binding mechanism of the maleic anhydride grafted vinyl elastomer compatible adhesive and the silane coupling agent, it is ensured that the air permeability of the fabric after coating curing still maintains more than 65% of the untreated fabric substrate, effectively solving the technical problem of traditional functional coating affecting air permeability; 3. Provide excellent moisture permeability: through the synergistic effect of the three-dimensional network structure constructed by the multifunctional crosslinking agent 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid BTCA in the hydrophilic coating and the silicon hydrogen addition crosslinking network in the hydrophobic coating, a stable water transmission channel is established, realizing high moisture permeability of ≥5,000 g·m⁻²·24 h under the condition of 23°C / 50%RH, meeting the moisture management requirements under high-intensity exercise and harsh environment; 4. Ensure the stability and durability of the coating: use the vinyl elastomer matrix as the common flexible skeleton of the double-sided coating, enhance the interfacial bonding force through the mutual diffusion and entanglement of molecular chains, combine the silicon hydrogen addition reaction promoted by platinum catalyst and the chemical crosslinking network formed by the multifunctional crosslinking agent, significantly improve the adhesion strength of the coating to the substrate and the mechanical stability of the coating itself, and ensure the long-term maintenance of the functional performance of the fabric during repeated use and washing; 5. Realize process controllability and industrial applicability: through precise control of the three-stage synergistic curing process and differentiated coating parameters, ensure that the double-sided coating forms a stable wetting gradient structure during crosslinking and molding, and at the same time, the special curing temperature control for spandex-containing fabrics ensures the wide applicability of the process, providing reliable technical support for the large-scale production of functional fabrics and the industrial application of functional fabrics in many fields such as sports wear, outdoor equipment, medical protective products, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 Effect of polyvinyl alcohol content on hydrophilic side contact angle and moisture permeability of the present application; Figure 2 Effect of Vi-PDMS content on hydrophobic side contact angle and moisture permeability of the present application; Figure 3 Effect of BTCA content on hydrophilic side contact angle and moisture permeability of the present application; Figure 4 FTIR spectra of polyester fabric of Example 2, hydrophobic layer and hydrophilic layer of polyester fabric before and after curing; Figure 5 FTIR spectra of the hydrophobic layer of Example 1, Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 10 of the present application; Figure 6 Water droplet morphology on the hydrophobic layer of the fabric of Example 2 of the present application; Figure 7 Water droplet morphology on the hydrophilic layer of the fabric of Example 2 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme of the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present application.

[0023] Example 1 A unidirectional moisture-wicking and breathable fabric based on a vinyl elastomer includes a fabric substrate and a hydrophilic coating containing a vinyl elastomer matrix and a hydrophobic coating containing a vinyl elastomer matrix coated on the inner and outer surfaces of the fabric substrate of the present example, respectively. The hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating of the present example are both attached only on the surface of the yarns and fibers without blocking the fabric pores, maintaining the breathability of the fabric. The hydrophilic coating of the present example contains a hydrophilic material, making the inner surface hydrophilic. The hydrophobic coating of the present example contains a hydrophobic siloxane material, making the outer surface hydrophobic. The hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating of the present example form a wettability gradient, allowing moisture to transfer mainly from the inner surface to the outer surface. The composition of the hydrophilic coating of the present example is: vinyl elastomer matrix 45 wt%; polyvinyl alcohol 20 wt%; zwitterionic polymer [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide, molecular weight 30000 Da: 1.5 wt%; maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-octene copolymer POE-g-MAH: 5 wt%; multifunctional crosslinker 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid BTCA: 2.0 wt%; hydrophilic cosolvent dispersant polyvinylpyrrolidone: 1.2 wt%; hydrophilic rheology modifier hydroxyethyl cellulose: 1.0 wt%; defoamer polyether-modified siloxane: 0.15 wt%; and the rest is a hydrophilic coating solvent, which is a mixture of water / ethanol / isopropanol in the present example, in a volume ratio of 50:27:18. The water contact angle of the hydrophilic coating of the present example is 45°, and the dry film thickness is 6 μm. The composition of the hydrophobic coating of the present example is: vinyl elastomer matrix 52 wt%; vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane Vi-PDMS: 13 wt%; methacryloyloxypropyl POSS: 4 wt%; hydrogen-containing siloxane crosslinker polymethylhydrosiloxane: 2.5 wt%; silane coupling agent 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane: 1.0 wt%; platinum catalyst chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate: 0.01 wt%; reaction inhibitor 1-ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol: 0.04 wt%; hydrophobic roughening microparticles hydrophobic silica: 1.5 wt%; hydrophobic rheology modifier polyamide wax: 0.5 wt%; and the rest is a hydrophobic coating solvent, which is toluene in the present example. The water contact angle of the hydrophobic coating of the present example is 125°, and the dry film thickness is 7 μm. The vinyl elastomer of the present example is selected from an ethylene-octene copolymer. The average particle size of the hydrophobic silica of the present example is 100 nm. The static contact angle gradient ΔΘ of the fabric of the present example in the thickness direction is 80°, with a contact angle of 45° on the hydrophilic side and a contact angle of 125° on the hydrophobic side; the capillary water absorption height from the inner side to the outer side is 4.2 cm / 10 min, and the capillary water absorption height from the outer side to the inner side is 0.8 cm / 10 min, and the moisture permeation amount is 6500 g·m⁻²·24 h under the condition of 23 °C / 50% RH.

[0024] The preparation method of this embodiment includes the following steps: S1 fabric pretreatment: cleaning, heat setting and surface activation treatment are performed on the fabric substrate to make its surface tension reach 45 mN m-1; S2 hydrophilic coating preparation: polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved in water at 75°C, then after cooling to room temperature, zwitterionic polymer, hydrophilic cosolvent dispersant are added in turn, and finally alcohol solution of vinyl elastomer matrix, maleic anhydride grafted vinyl elastomer compatibility / adhesion aid and multifunctional crosslinking agent is added, a stable mixed dispersion system is formed by high-speed dispersion, and the viscosity is adjusted to 3000 mPa s; S3 hydrophilic coating coating: the hydrophilic coating is coated on the inside surface of the fabric, the wet film thickness is 16 μm, and pre-drying is performed at 60°C; S4 hydrophobic coating preparation: vinyl elastomer, vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, methacryloyloxypropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, hydrogen-containing siloxane crosslinking agent, silane coupling agent, hydrophobic silica particles, hydrophobic rheology modifier, platinum catalyst and inhibitor are mixed in the hydrophobic coating solvent, and the viscosity is adjusted to 3500 mPa s; S5 hydrophobic coating coating: the hydrophobic coating is coated on the outside surface of the fabric, the wet film thickness is 20 μm, and pre-drying is performed at 60°C; S6 synergistic curing: the temperature is raised in three stages according to the preset program: the first stage is 100°C, the second stage is 130°C, and the third stage is 160°C, each stage lasts for 7 min, and the third stage lasts for 20 min, so that the double-sided coating is crosslinked and shaped. The hydrophilic coating coating speed is 27 m / min, the coating pressure is 0.2 MPa, and the doctor blade angle is 55°; the hydrophobic coating coating speed is 22 m / min, the coating pressure is 0.25 MPa, and the doctor blade angle is 50°; the air permeability of the fabric after coating and curing is 75% of that of the fabric substrate before treatment. The total solid content of the hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating is 40% and 45% respectively; the fabric substrate of this embodiment is polyester fabric, and the spandex content is 2 wt%; when spandex is contained, the third stage curing temperature is controlled at 145°C. Application of a one-way moisture-wicking and air-permeable fabric based on vinyl elastomer in sports clothing of this embodiment.

[0025] The characteristics of this embodiment are: moderate parameter configuration is adopted, the content of each component is selected as the median value in the selected range, the process conditions are mild and stable, the controllability of the preparation process and the stability of the product quality are ensured, it is suitable for large-scale production of daily sports clothing, and it has good cost-benefit ratio and industrial applicability.

[0026] Example 2 A one-way moisture-wicking and breathable fabric based on a vinyl elastomer includes a fabric substrate and a hydrophilic coating containing a vinyl elastomer matrix and a hydrophobic coating containing a vinyl elastomer matrix coated on the inner and outer surfaces of the fabric substrate, respectively. The hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating of the present embodiment are attached only on the surface of the yarns and fibers, without blocking the pores of the fabric, maintaining the breathability of the fabric. The hydrophilic coating of the present embodiment contains a hydrophilic material, making the inner surface hydrophilic. The hydrophobic coating of the present embodiment contains a hydrophobic silicone material, making the outer surface hydrophobic. The hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating of the present embodiment form a wettability gradient, allowing moisture to be transferred mainly from the inner surface to the outer surface. The composition of the hydrophilic coating of the present embodiment is: vinyl elastomer matrix 38 wt%; ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer 25 wt%; zwitterionic polymer [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide, molecular weight 45000 Da: 2.5 wt%; maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer EVA-g-MAH: 8 wt%; multifunctional crosslinking agent 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid BTCA: 3.0 wt%; hydrophilic cosolvent dispersant polyethylene glycol: 2.0 wt%; hydrophilic rheology modifier hydroxypropyl methylcellulose: 2.5 wt%; defoaming agent mineral oil: 0.3 wt%; and the rest is a hydrophilic coating solvent, which is a mixture of water / ethanol / isopropanol in a volume ratio of 60:20:15. The water contact angle of the hydrophilic coating of the present embodiment is 30°, and the dry film thickness is 2 μm. The composition of the hydrophobic coating of the present embodiment is: vinyl elastomer matrix 55 wt%; vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane Vi-PDMS: 10 wt%; methacryloyloxypropyl POSS: 3 wt%; hydrogen-containing siloxane crosslinking agent hydrogen-terminated polydimethylsiloxane: 2 wt%; silane coupling agent (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane: 0.8 wt%; platinum catalyst bis(divinyltetramethyldisiloxane)platinum complex: 0.005 wt%; reaction inhibitor 3-methyl-1-butyn-3-ol: 0.03 wt%; hydrophobic roughening microparticles hydrophobic silica: 1.0 wt%; hydrophobic rheology modifier polyamide wax: 0.3 wt%; and the rest is a hydrophobic coating solvent, which is a mixture of ethyl acetate and methyl ethyl ketone in a mass ratio of 6:4. The water contact angle of the hydrophobic coating of the present embodiment is 118°, and the dry film thickness is 10 μm. The vinyl elastomer of the present embodiment is selected from a mixture of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer in a mass ratio of 7:3. The average particle size of the hydrophobic silica of the present embodiment is 50 nm.The gradient of static contact angle in the thickness direction of the fabric of the embodiment is 88°, wherein the contact angle on the hydrophilic side is 30°, the contact angle on the hydrophobic side is 118°; the capillary water absorption height from the inside to the outside is 5.8 cm / 10 min, the capillary water absorption height from the outside to the inside is 0.5 cm / 10 min, and the moisture permeation amount is 7800 g·m⁻²·24 h under the condition of 23°C / 50%RH.

[0027] The preparation method of the embodiment includes the following steps: S1 fabric pretreatment: cleaning, heat setting and surface activation treatment are performed on the fabric substrate, so that the surface tension reaches 42 mN·m⁻¹; S2 hydrophilic coating preparation: first, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer is dissolved in water at 80°C, then after cooling to room temperature, zwitterionic polymer, hydrophilic auxiliary dispersion agent are added in sequence, finally, the alcohol solution of vinyl elastomer matrix, maleic anhydride grafted vinyl elastomer compatibility / adhesion aid and multifunctional crosslinking agent is added, a stable mixed dispersion system is formed by high-speed dispersion, and the viscosity is adjusted to 5000 mPa·s; S3 hydrophilic coating coating: the hydrophilic coating is coated on the inside surface of the fabric, the wet film thickness is 8 μm, and pre-drying is performed at 70°C; S4 hydrophobic coating preparation: vinyl elastomer, vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, methacryloyloxypropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, hydrogen-containing siloxane crosslinking agent, silane coupling agent, hydrophobic silica particles, hydrophobic rheological modifier, platinum catalyst and inhibitor are mixed in the hydrophobic coating solvent, and the viscosity is adjusted to 2200 mPa·s; S5 hydrophobic coating coating: the hydrophobic coating is coated on the outside surface of the fabric, the wet film thickness is 25 μm, and pre-drying is performed at 70°C; S6 synergistic curing: the temperature is raised in three stages according to the preset program: the first stage is 95°C, the second stage is 125°C, and the third stage is 155°C, each stage lasts for 8 min, and the third stage lasts for 22 min, so that the double-sided coating is crosslinked and formed. The coating speed of the hydrophilic coating is 35 m / min, the coating pressure is 0.15 MPa, the doctor blade angle is 65°; the coating speed of the hydrophobic coating is 18 m / min, the coating pressure is 0.35 MPa, and the doctor blade angle is 45°; the air permeability of the fabric after coating and curing is 78% of that of the fabric substrate before treatment. The total solid content of the hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating is 48% and 40% respectively; the fabric substrate of the embodiment is a polyester fabric, and the spandex content is 1 wt%; when containing spandex, the third stage curing temperature is controlled at 148°C. The application of a one-way moisture-conducting and air-permeable fabric based on vinyl elastomer in outdoor equipment of the embodiment.

[0028] The embodiment is characterized by high hydrophilic performance design, high content of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer and zwitterionic polymer in the hydrophilic coating, the lowest water contact angle of the hydrophilic coating, significantly improved moisture absorption and conduction capacity and one-way moisture-conduction effect, and is particularly suitable for high-strength outdoor sports equipment, and can still maintain excellent moisture and heat management performance in extreme environments.

[0029] Example 3 A one-way moisture-wicking and breathable fabric based on a vinyl elastomer includes a fabric substrate and a hydrophilic coating containing a vinyl elastomer matrix and a hydrophobic coating containing a vinyl elastomer matrix coated on the inner and outer surfaces of the fabric substrate, respectively. The hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating of the present embodiment are attached only on the surface of the yarns and fibers, without blocking the pores of the fabric, maintaining the breathability of the fabric. The hydrophilic coating of the present embodiment contains a hydrophilic material, making the inner surface hydrophilic. The hydrophobic coating of the present embodiment contains a hydrophobic siloxane material, making the outer surface hydrophobic. The hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating of the present embodiment form a wettability gradient, allowing moisture to be transferred mainly from the inner surface to the outer surface. The composition of the hydrophilic coating of the present embodiment is: vinyl elastomer matrix 52 wt%; polyvinyl alcohol 18 wt%; zwitterionic polymer [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide, molecular weight 15000 Da: 1.2 wt%; maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer EBA-g-MA: 4 wt%; multifunctional crosslinking agent 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid BTCA: 1.5 wt%; hydrophilic cosolvent dispersant polyvinylpyrrolidone: 0.8 wt%; hydrophilic rheology modifier hydroxyethyl cellulose: 0.5 wt%; defoaming agent polyether-modified siloxane: 0.1 wt%; and the rest is a hydrophilic coating solvent, which is a mixture of water / ethanol / isopropanol in a volume ratio of 45:30:20. The water contact angle of the hydrophilic coating of the present embodiment is 55°, and the dry film thickness is 8 μm. The composition of the hydrophobic coating of the present embodiment is: vinyl elastomer matrix 42 wt%; vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane Vi-PDMS: 18 wt%; methacryloyloxypropyl POSS: 6 wt%; hydrogen-containing siloxane crosslinking agent polymethylhydrosiloxane: 4 wt%; silane coupling agent, which is a mixture of 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.5 wt%; platinum catalyst chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate: 0.018 wt%; reaction inhibitor 1-ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol: 0.07 wt%; hydrophobic roughening microparticles hydrophobic silica: 2.5 wt%; hydrophobic rheology modifier polyamide wax: 0.8 wt%; and the rest is a hydrophobic coating solvent, which is a mixture of toluene and acetone in a mass ratio of 7:3. The water contact angle of the hydrophobic coating of the present embodiment is 135°, and the dry film thickness is 5 μm. The vinyl elastomer of the present embodiment is selected from ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer. The average particle size of the hydrophobic silica of the present embodiment is 150 nm.The gradient of static contact angle in the thickness direction of the fabric of the embodiment is 80°, wherein the contact angle on the hydrophilic side is 55° and the contact angle on the hydrophobic side is 135°; the capillary water absorption height from the inside to the outside is 3.5 cm / 10 min, the capillary water absorption height from the outside to the inside is 0.3 cm / 10 min, and the moisture permeability is 6200 g·m⁻²·24 h tested under the condition of 23°C / 50%RH.

[0030] The preparation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps: S1 fabric pretreatment: cleaning, heat setting and surface activation treatment are performed on the fabric substrate, so that the surface tension reaches 50 mN·m⁻¹; S2 hydrophilic coating preparation: polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved in water at 72°C, then after cooling to room temperature, zwitterionic polymer, hydrophilic cosolvent dispersant are added in sequence, and finally alcohol solution of vinyl elastomer matrix, maleic anhydride grafted vinyl elastomer compatibility / adhesion aid and multifunctional crosslinking agent is added, a stable mixed dispersion system is formed by high-speed dispersion, and the viscosity is adjusted to 2500 mPa·s; S3 hydrophilic coating coating: the hydrophilic coating is coated on the inside surface of the fabric, the wet film thickness is 20 μm, and pre-drying is performed at 55°C; S4 hydrophobic coating preparation: vinyl elastomer, vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, methacryloyloxypropyl polyhedral oligomeric silesquioxane, hydrogen-containing siloxane crosslinking agent, silane coupling agent, hydrophobic silica microparticles, hydrophobic rheological modifier, platinum catalyst and inhibitor are mixed in the hydrophobic coating solvent, and the viscosity is adjusted to 5500 mPa·s; S5 hydrophobic coating coating: the hydrophobic coating is coated on the outside surface of the fabric, the wet film thickness is 15 μm, and pre-drying is performed at 55°C; S6 synergistic curing: the temperature is raised in three stages according to the preset program: the first stage is 105°C, the second stage is 135°C, and the third stage is 165°C, each stage lasts for 6 min, and the third stage lasts for 18 min, so that the double-sided coating is crosslinked and formed. The coating speed of the hydrophilic coating is 23 m / min, the coating pressure is 0.28 MPa, and the doctor blade angle is 48°; the coating speed of the hydrophobic coating is 28 m / min, the coating pressure is 0.18 MPa, and the doctor blade angle is 58°; the air permeability of the fabric after coating and curing is 68% of that of the fabric substrate before treatment. The total solid content of the hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating is 35% and 52% respectively; the fabric substrate of the embodiment is a polyester fabric, and the spandex content is 4 wt%; when containing spandex, the third stage curing temperature is controlled at 142°C. The application of a one-way moisture-permeable fabric based on vinyl elastomer in medical protective products of the embodiment.

[0031] The embodiment is characterized by high hydrophobic performance oriented design, the content of Vi-PDMS and MPA-POSS in the hydrophobic coating reaches the upper limit, the content of hydrophobic silica microparticles is the highest, the water contact angle of the hydrophobic coating reaches the maximum value, and the waterproof performance and wettability gradient are greatly improved, which is especially suitable for medical protective products and can provide excellent protection effect in liquid splashing environment.

[0032] Example 4 A one-way moisture-wicking and breathable fabric based on a vinyl elastomer includes a fabric substrate and a hydrophilic coating containing a vinyl elastomer matrix and a hydrophobic coating containing a vinyl elastomer matrix coated on the inner and outer surfaces of the fabric substrate, respectively. The hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating of the present embodiment are attached only on the surface of the yarns and fibers, without blocking the fabric pores, maintaining the breathability of the fabric. The hydrophilic coating of the present embodiment contains a hydrophilic material, making the inner surface hydrophilic. The hydrophobic coating of the present embodiment contains a hydrophobic siloxane material, making the outer surface hydrophobic. The hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating of the present embodiment form a wettability gradient, allowing moisture to be mainly transferred from the inner surface to the outer surface. The composition of the hydrophilic coating of the present embodiment is: vinyl elastomer matrix 55 wt%; ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer 15 wt%; zwitterionic polymer [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide, molecular weight 50000 Da: 1.0 wt%; maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-octene copolymer POE-g-MAH: 3 wt%; multifunctional crosslinking agent 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid BTCA: 1.0 wt%; hydrophilic cosolvent dispersant polyethylene glycol: 0.5 wt%; hydrophilic rheology modifier hydroxypropyl methylcellulose: 0.2 wt%; defoaming agent mineral oil: 0.05 wt%; and the rest is a hydrophilic coating solvent, which is a mixture of water / ethanol / isopropanol in a volume ratio of 40:35:25. The water contact angle of the hydrophilic coating of the present embodiment is 60°, and the dry film thickness is 10 μm. The composition of the hydrophobic coating of the present embodiment is: vinyl elastomer matrix 65 wt%; vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane Vi-PDMS: 8 wt%; methacryloyloxypropyl POSS: 2 wt%; hydrogen-containing siloxane crosslinking agent hydrogen-terminated polydimethylsiloxane: 1 wt%; silane coupling agent 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane: 0.5 wt%; platinum catalyst bis(divinyltetramethyldisiloxane) platinum complex: 0.001 wt%; reaction inhibitor 3-methyl-1-butyne-3-ol: 0.01 wt%; hydrophobic roughening microparticles hydrophobic silica: 0.5 wt%; hydrophobic rheology modifier polyamide wax: 0.1 wt%; and the rest is a hydrophobic coating solvent methyl ethyl ketone. The water contact angle of the hydrophobic coating of the present embodiment is 115°, and the dry film thickness is 12 μm. The vinyl elastomer of the present embodiment is selected from a mixture of ethylene-octene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer in a mass ratio of 4:3:3. The average particle size of the hydrophobic silica of the present embodiment is 200 nm.The gradient of static contact angle in the thickness direction of the fabric of the present embodiment is 55°, wherein the contact angle on the hydrophilic side is 60° and the contact angle on the hydrophobic side is 115°; the capillary water absorption height from the inside to the outside is 3.0 cm / 10 min, the capillary water absorption height from the outside to the inside is 1.0 cm / 10 min, and the moisture permeation amount is 5000 g·m⁻²·24 h under the condition of 23°C / 50%RH.

[0033] The preparation method of the present embodiment comprises the following steps: S1 fabric pretreatment: cleaning, heat setting and surface activation treatment are performed on the fabric substrate, so that the surface tension reaches 52 mN·m⁻¹; S2 hydrophilic coating preparation: first, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer is dissolved in water at 70°C, then after cooling to room temperature, zwitterionic polymer, hydrophilic cosolvent dispersant are added in sequence, finally, alcohol solution of vinyl elastomer matrix, maleic anhydride grafted vinyl elastomer compatibility / adhesion aid and multifunctional crosslinking agent are added, a stable mixed dispersion system is formed by high-speed dispersion, and the viscosity is adjusted to 1000 mPa·s; S3 hydrophilic coating coating: the hydrophilic coating is coated on the inside surface of the fabric, the wet film thickness is 25 μm, and pre-drying is performed at 50°C; S4 hydrophobic coating preparation: vinyl elastomer, vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, methacryloyloxypropyl polyhedral oligomeric silesquioxane, hydrogen-containing siloxane crosslinking agent, silane coupling agent, hydrophobic silica particles, hydrophobic rheology modifier, platinum catalyst and inhibitor are mixed in the hydrophobic coating solvent, and the viscosity is adjusted to 6000 mPa·s; S5 hydrophobic coating coating: the hydrophobic coating is coated on the outside surface of the fabric, the wet film thickness is 30 μm, and pre-drying is performed at 50°C; S6 synergistic curing: the temperature is raised in three stages according to the preset program: the first stage is 110°C, the second stage is 140°C, and the third stage is 170°C, each stage lasts for 10 min, and the third stage lasts for 25 min, so that the double-sided coating is crosslinked and shaped. The coating speed of the hydrophilic coating is 20 m / min, the coating pressure is 0.3 MPa, and the doctor blade angle is 45°; the coating speed of the hydrophobic coating is 30 m / min, the coating pressure is 0.4 MPa, and the doctor blade angle is 60°; the air permeability of the fabric after coating and curing is 65% of that of the fabric substrate before treatment. The total solid content of the hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating is 30% and 55% respectively; the fabric substrate of the present embodiment is a polyester fabric, and the spandex content is 5 wt%; when spandex is contained, the third stage curing temperature is controlled at 150°C. Application of a one-way moisture-permeable fabric based on vinyl elastomer in special protective textiles.

[0034] The embodiment is characterized by: boundary parameter optimization design, multiple parameter selection close to the boundary value of the range, high content of ethylene-based elastomer matrix to improve mechanical strength, use of three kinds of elastomers to improve material adaptability, large particle size hydrophobic silica to enhance surface roughness, suitable for special protective textiles, and still maintaining structural stability and functional durability under extreme working conditions.

[0035] Comparative Example 1: substantially the same as Example 1, except that the dissolution temperature of polyvinyl alcohol in the S2 hydrophilic coating preparation step is changed from 75°C to 90°C, and other preparation conditions remain unchanged.

[0036] Comparative Example 2: substantially the same as Example 1, except that the first stage curing temperature in the S6 synergistic curing step is changed from 100°C to 80°C, and the curing time remains 7 minutes, and other curing parameters remain unchanged.

[0037] Comparative Example 3: substantially the same as Example 1, except that the third stage curing time in the S6 synergistic curing step is changed from 20 minutes to 5 minutes, and the curing temperature remains 160°C, and other curing parameters remain unchanged.

[0038] Comparative Example 4: substantially the same as Example 1, except that the coating pressure in the S3 hydrophilic coating coating step is changed from 0.2 MPa to 0.05 MPa, and the coating speed and scraper angle remain unchanged.

[0039] Comparative Example 5: substantially the same as Example 1, except that the coating speed in the S5 hydrophobic coating coating step is changed from 22 m / min to 40 m / min, and the coating pressure and scraper angle remain unchanged.

[0040] Comparative Example 6: substantially the same as Example 1, except that the viscosity of the mixed dispersion system in the S2 hydrophilic coating preparation step is adjusted from 3000 mPa·s to 8000 mPa·s, and other preparation conditions remain unchanged.

[0041] Comparative Example 7: substantially the same as Example 1, except that the viscosity of the mixed system in the S4 hydrophobic coating preparation step is adjusted from 3500 mPa·s to 1000 mPa·s, and other preparation conditions remain unchanged.

[0042] Comparative Example 8: substantially the same as Example 1, except that the surface tension of the fabric substrate in the S1 fabric pretreatment step is controlled at 30 mN·m⁻¹, and other pretreatment conditions remain unchanged.

[0043] Comparative Example 9: substantially the same as Example 1, except that the polyvinyl alcohol content in the hydrophilic coating composition is changed from 20 wt% to 10 wt%, and the corresponding ethylene-based elastomer matrix content is increased to 55 wt%, and the content of other components remains unchanged.

[0044] Comparative Example 10: Essentially the same as Example 1, except that the content of end-vinyl polydimethylsiloxane Vi-PDMS in the hydrophobic coating composition was changed from 13 wt% to 5 wt%, and the content of the vinyl elastomer matrix was correspondingly increased to 60 wt%, while the content of other components remained unchanged.

[0045] Comparative Example 11: Essentially the same as Example 1, except that the content of the zwitterionic polymer [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide in the hydrophilic coating composition was changed from 1.5 wt% to 0.3 wt%, and the content of the vinyl elastomer matrix was correspondingly increased to 46.2 wt%, while the content of other components remained unchanged.

[0046] Comparative Example 12: Essentially the same as Example 1, except that the content of the hydrophobic silica in the hydrophobic coating composition was changed from 1.5 wt% to 0.1 wt%, and the content of the vinyl elastomer matrix was correspondingly increased to 53.4 wt%, while the content of other components remained unchanged.

[0047] Comparative Example 13: Essentially the same as Example 1, except that the volume ratio of water / ethanol / isopropyl alcohol in the hydrophilic coating solvent was changed from 50:27:18 to 70:15:15, while other preparation conditions remained unchanged.

[0048] Comparative Example 14: Essentially the same as Example 1, except that the wet film thickness in the S3 hydrophilic coating coating step was changed from 16 μm to 35 μm, corresponding to a dry film thickness of about 14 μm, while other coating conditions remained unchanged.

[0049] Comparative Example 15: Essentially the same as Example 1, except that the wet film thickness in the S5 hydrophobic coating coating step was changed from 20 μm to 8 μm, corresponding to a dry film thickness of about 2 μm, while other coating conditions remained unchanged.

[0050] Performance Test: Wetting performance test: The test object is a unidirectional moisture management fabric based on vinyl elastomer, and the surface wetting characteristics and wetting gradient are evaluated. The purpose of the test is to determine the static contact angle of the hydrophilic side and the hydrophobic side of the fabric, calculate the wetting gradient in the thickness direction, and verify the wetting basis of the unidirectional moisture management function. The test principle is based on Young's equation of a water droplet on a solid surface, and the surface wettability is characterized by measuring the contact angle between the water droplet and the fabric surface. The experimental method uses a contact angle measuring instrument, 3 μL of deionized water droplets are added to the hydrophilic side and the hydrophobic side of the fabric surface, and the droplet profile image is taken within 10 seconds after adding, and the contact angle value is calculated by software fitting. The standard is based on ASTM D7334-2008. Key parameters include test environment temperature 23±2°C, relative humidity 50±5%, water droplet volume 3±0.1 μL, measurement time 10±1 seconds. Data processing is obtained by calculating the contact angle difference between the hydrophilic side and the hydrophobic side to obtain the wetting gradient Δθ, 5 points are tested for each sample, and the average value is taken, the hydrophilic side contact angle is 30°-60°, the hydrophobic side contact angle is 115°-135°, and the gradient Δθ≥50°.

[0051] Capillary water absorption performance test: The test object is a unidirectional moisture management fabric based on vinyl elastomer, and the unidirectional moisture transport capacity is evaluated. The purpose of the test is to determine the capillary water absorption height from the inside to the outside and from the outside to the inside of the fabric, and to quantify the unidirectional moisture management effect. The test principle is based on the principle of capillary action, and the transmission of water in porous media follows Darcy's law and Lucas-Washburn equation. The experimental method prepares the fabric sample into a 2.5 cm x 20 cm strip, vertically hangs and makes the bottom end contact the surface of distilled water, and tests the water absorption height under the conditions of the hydrophilic side downward and the hydrophobic side downward respectively. The standard is based on GB / T 21655.1-2008 "Evaluation of moisture absorption and quick drying of textiles Part 1: single combination test method". Key parameters include test environment temperature 20±2°C, relative humidity 65±2%, test time 10 minutes, water temperature 20±1°C, sample size accuracy ±1mm. Data processing is to evaluate the capillary water absorption performance by measuring the highest height of water rising within 10 minutes, 5 test samples are tested for each group of samples, the water absorption height from the inside to the outside is required to be ≥3.0 cm / 10 min, the water absorption height from the outside to the inside is required to be ≤1.0 cm / 10 min, and the unidirectional transmission index is calculated to quantify the moisture management effect.

[0052] Moisture permeability test: The test object is a unidirectional moisture management fabric based on vinyl elastomer, and its water vapor transmission capacity is evaluated. The test purpose is to determine the moisture permeability of the fabric under standard conditions and verify its moisture management performance. The test principle is based on Fick's first diffusion law, and the diffusion mass transfer process of water vapor through the material driven by the concentration gradient. The experimental method adopts the cup method, and the fabric sample is sealed on the moisture permeable cup containing anhydrous calcium chloride, placed in a constant temperature and humidity environment, and the mass of water vapor transmitted per unit time is determined by weighing method. The standard is GB / T 12704.1-2009 "Textile fabric moisture permeability test method Part 1: moisture absorption method". Key parameters include test environment temperature 23±1°C, relative humidity 50±2%, test area 50cm², test time 24 hours, weighing precision 0.1mg. Data processing is to calculate the moisture permeability by dividing the mass of water vapor transmitted in 24 hours by the test area, with the unit of g·m⁻²·24h⁻¹, and each group of samples is tested for 3 samples.

[0053] Air permeability test: The test object is a unidirectional moisture management fabric based on vinyl elastomer, and its air permeability is evaluated. The test purpose is to determine the air permeability of the fabric and verify the retention effect of the air permeability after coating treatment. The test principle is based on Darcy's permeation law, and the air flow volume per unit area of fabric per unit time is measured under constant pressure difference. The experimental method adopts a digital air permeability meter, and the fabric sample is clamped on the test head to measure the air flow through the fabric under a pressure difference of 100Pa. The standard is GB / T 5453-1997 "Determination of air permeability of textile fabrics". Key parameters include test environment temperature 20±2°C, relative humidity 65±2%, test pressure difference 100±2Pa, test area 20cm², pre-pressing time 10 seconds. Data processing is to calculate the air permeability per unit area per unit time, with the unit of L·m⁻²·s⁻¹, and each sample is tested at 5 different positions, and the air permeability after coating treatment is required to be ≥65% of the value before treatment. By comparing with the untreated substrate, the influence of the coating on the air permeability is evaluated.

[0054] Thermal stability test experiment: the test object is a unidirectional moisture-wicking and breathable fabric based on a vinyl elastomer, and the stability and functional retention of the fabric in a hot environment are evaluated. The test purpose is to determine the thermal decomposition temperature, thermal weight loss behavior and thermal shrinkage performance of the fabric. The test principle is based on the principle of thermal gravimetric analysis, and the relationship between the mass of the sample and the temperature is measured under programmed temperature conditions. The experimental method uses a thermal gravimetric analyzer, cuts the fabric sample into 5-10 mg small pieces, and heats from room temperature to 500°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min under nitrogen protection, and records the mass-temperature curve. The standard is based on ASTM E1131-2020 "Standard Test Method for Thermogravimetric Analysis". Key parameters include sample mass 5-10 mg, heating rate 10°C / min, nitrogen flow rate 50 mL / min, temperature range 25-500°C, weighing accuracy ±0.1 μg. Data processing determines the initial decomposition temperature T5%, the maximum decomposition rate temperature Tmaxand the carbon residue rate by analyzing the TG and DTG curves, and 3 test samples are tested for each group of samples, and the initial decomposition temperature is required to be ≥200°C, and the contribution of the coating component to the overall thermal stability of the fabric is evaluated.

[0055] Washing resistance test experiment: the test object is a unidirectional moisture-wicking and breathable fabric based on a vinyl elastomer, and the retention of the fabric's functional performance after repeated washing is evaluated. The test purpose is to determine the changes in wettability, moisture permeability and air permeability of the fabric after the standard washing procedure, and to verify the durability of the coating. The test principle is based on an accelerated aging test under standard washing conditions, simulating the washing damage in actual use. The experimental method uses a standard washing machine, uses a standard detergent to wash at a temperature of 40°C for 30 minutes, and tests the performance changes after natural drying. The standard is based on GB / T 8629-2017 "Home Laundering and Drying Procedures for Textile Testing". Key parameters include washing temperature 40±3°C, detergent concentration 4g / L, washing time 30min, water bath ratio 1:50, and dehydration rotation speed 800rpm. Data processing calculates the performance retention rate by comparing the changes in contact angle, capillary water absorption height and air permeability before and after washing, and 5, 10 and 20 washing cycles are tested for each group of samples.

[0056] As shown in Tables 1 and 2, excessively high polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) dissolution temperatures lead to significant molecular chain degradation, deteriorating the hydrophilic contact angle to 65° and drastically reducing moisture permeability to 4200 units. Insufficient curing temperatures result in severe incomplete cross-linking, reducing moisture permeability to 3800 units and drastically decreasing washability to 52%. Insufficient curing time leads to incomplete cross-linking, reducing thermal stability to 175°C and washability to only 48%. Insufficient coating pressure causes severe coating unevenness, deteriorating the hydrophilic contact angle to 75° and significantly weakening the moisture-wicking effect to 1.2 cm. Excessively fast coating speed severely affects the quality of the hydrophobic coating, drastically reducing the hydrophobic contact angle to 95° and sharply decreasing the wettability gradient to 27°. Excessively high viscosity of the hydrophilic coating severely affects air permeability, causing a sharp drop in air permeability to 42%. Insufficient viscosity of the hydrophobic coating leads to a sharp decrease in hydrophobicity, reducing the contact angle to 88° and the wettability gradient to only 16°. Deviations in surface tension parameters result in severe overall performance instability, reducing moisture permeability to 3200 units. Insufficient PVA content also significantly affects overall performance. The following factors significantly affect hydrophilicity, causing the hydrophilic contact angle to deteriorate to 80° and significantly weakening the moisture-wicking effect to 0.8 cm. Insufficient Vi-PDMS content leads to severe hydrophobicity, causing the hydrophobic contact angle to drop sharply to 85° and the wettability gradient to decrease to 17°. Insufficient zwitterionic polymer content severely affects hydrophilicity and compatibility, causing the hydrophilic contact angle to deteriorate to 82°. Insufficient hydrophobic silica content severely affects surface roughening, causing the hydrophobic contact angle to drop to 92°. A severely improper solvent ratio significantly affects coating quality, causing the moisture permeability to plummet to 2800 units. An excessively thick hydrophilic coating severely affects air permeability, causing the air permeability rate to drop sharply to 28%. An excessively thin hydrophobic coating results in a completely unsustainable hydrophobic effect, causing the contact angle to drop to 82° and resulting in the worst washability at only 35%. Deviations in these factors cause the comparative example to be significantly inferior to the optimized example in key indicators such as wettability gradient, unidirectional moisture wicking effect, moisture permeability, air permeability, and durability stability. This fully demonstrates the importance and significant technical advantages of precise parameter control in the technical solution of this invention.

[0057] Table 1. Test results of wetting and moisture-wicking properties Table 2 Results of moisture permeability and air permeability tests and stability tests from Figures 1-3 The results of the single-factor experiments clearly demonstrate the rationality, reliability, and effectiveness of the technical solution of this invention. Figure 1It is shown that the polyvinyl alcohol content in the range of 10-30 wt% has a significant impact on the hydrophilic side contact angle and moisture permeation amount, when the content increases from 10 wt% to 20 wt%, the hydrophilic side contact angle sharply decreases from 80° to 45° and the moisture permeation amount greatly increases from 3100 g·m⁻²·24h⁻¹ to 6500 g·m⁻²·24h⁻¹, but continues to increase to 30 wt%, the moisture permeation amount decreases to 2800 g·m⁻²·24h⁻¹, which fully proves that 20 wt% is the optimal content point; Figure 2 It is shown that the Vi-PDMS content in the range of 5-20 wt% has a significant first-increasing and then-decreasing trend on the hydrophobic side contact angle and moisture permeation amount, when the content increases from 5 wt% to 13 wt%, the hydrophobic side contact angle significantly increases from 85° to 125° and the moisture permeation amount steadily increases from 3400 g·m⁻²·24h⁻¹ to 6500 g·m⁻²·24h⁻¹, and when the content exceeds 13 wt%, although the hydrophobic contact angle continues to increase slightly, the moisture permeation amount begins to decrease, which verifies that 13 wt% is the best balance point of hydrophobic performance and moisture permeation performance; Figure 3 It is revealed that the BTCA content in the range of 0-4.0 wt% plays a key role in the performance of the material, when there is no crosslinking agent, the hydrophilic side contact angle is as high as 75° and the moisture permeation amount is only 3200 g·m⁻²·24h⁻¹, when the BTCA content increases to 2.0 wt%, the hydrophilic side contact angle decreases to 45° and the moisture permeation amount reaches a peak of 6500 g·m⁻²·24h⁻¹, and when the content continues to increase to 4.0 wt%, although the contact angle further decreases to 40°, the moisture permeation amount sharply decreases to 3800 g·m⁻²·24h⁻¹, which shows that excessive crosslinking will hinder water transmission, the results of the three single-factor experiments not only completely match the excellent performance data of Example 1, but also clearly show that there are clear optimal intervals and performance inflection points for each key parameter, and the performance significantly decreases when the content exceeds the optimal range, which is highly consistent with the degradation performance of the comparative examples, thereby proving that the technical parameter range of polyvinyl alcohol 15-25 wt%, Vi-PDMS 8-17 wt%, and BTCA 1.0-3.0 wt% determined by the application has a solid experimental basis and scientific basis, ensuring the rationality of the preparation process of the double-sided heterogeneous wetting gradient functional textile, the reliability of the technical scheme, and the effectiveness of the industrial application.

[0058] Figure 4The FTIR spectra of the polyester fabric and its inner and outer hydrophilic / hydrophobic layers in the embodiment 2 of the present application before and after curing are direct evidence of the rationality, reliability and effectiveness of the present solution: first, the relative intensity of the characteristic absorption of the base fabric polyester (ester group C=O about 1715-1730 cm⁻¹, C–O–C and benzene ring skeleton in 1100-1250 and 1400-1600 cm⁻¹ region) is suppressed after coating; second, the hydrophilic layer is gradually converted from the anhydride / epoxy reactive group signal before curing (anhydride C=O doublet about 1780 / 1850 cm⁻¹, epoxy 910 / 850 cm⁻¹) to the ester group enhancement peak (1730-1740 cm⁻¹) and zwitterion –SO3− pair absorption (about 1180-1210 and 1030-1060 cm⁻¹) after curing, which proves the formation of hydrophilic network, the retention of polar sites and the clear source of inner wetting; third, the hydrophobic layer is significantly attenuated from Si–H (2140-2160 cm⁻¹), C=C related signal (1635-1645, =CH2 at 910 / 990 cm⁻¹) before curing to near baseline, while the PDMS fingerprint peak (Si–CH3 deformation about 1260 cm⁻¹, Si–O–Si about 1090-1120 cm⁻¹, 800 cm⁻¹ wobble) is clear and proportional after curing, which proves the completion of platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation, the formation of crosslinked network and the continuity of hydrophobic phase; in addition, the baseline and peak shape changes in the 3200-3600 cm⁻¹ and 1700-1750 cm⁻¹ regions of the spectra before and after coating are consistent with the removal of residual solvent / water, which reflects the effectiveness of the pre-drying and staged curing process. In summary, Figure 4 With the repeatable infrared evidence chain of "reactive peak disappearance + target structure peak strengthening + relative suppression of base fabric peak", the differential coating construction, synergistic curing mechanism and wetting gradient formation path proposed by the present application are rigorously supported, the process steps can be verified, the material composition can be traced, and the implementability of the preparation scheme and the stable realization of product function are ensured.

[0059] Figure 5The FTIR spectra of the hydrophobic layers of Example 1, Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 10 present a chain of chemical evidences highly consistent with the differences in formulation and process: in Example 1, the Si-H stretching (2140-2160 cm-1) and the vinyl related absorption (1635-1645 cm-1 and 990 / 910 cm-1 for =CH2) are close to the baseline, while the PDMS fingerprint peaks at 1260 cm-1 (Si-CH3 deformation), about 1090-1120 cm-1 (Si-O-Si) and 800 cm-1 (-Si(CH3)2 rocking) are strong and well coordinated, indicating full platinum catalyzed hydrosilylation and crosslinking; in Comparative Example 3, significant Si-H and =CH2 features are retained along with C=C signals, while the relative ratios of the PDMS fingerprint to these reactive peaks are systematically shifted, clearly indicating an under-crosslinked state due to insufficient third stage curing; in Comparative Example 10, the PDMS features are significantly reduced relative to the matrix CH2 stretching (2916 / 2848 cm-1) while keeping the reactive peaks at a low level, as expected from the reduced siloxane phase volume fraction and network contribution due to the Vi-PDMS content reduction from 13 wt% to 5 wt%. The above two sets of independent criteria, “reactive peak growth and decay” and “relative intensity change of target structure peaks”, are internally consistent and repeatable in the three sets of samples, verifying the decisive role of the curing procedure on the crosslinking degree and quantitatively reflecting the influence of the Vi-PDMS content in the formulation on the chemical composition and network formation of the hydrophobic layer, thus fully demonstrating the rationality of the inventive solution in mechanism, the reliability in detection and the effectiveness in manufacturing and quality release.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit it, although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above examples, those skilled in the art should understand that: any equivalent structural transformation made under the concept of the present application, using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, should be covered within the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A single-woven moisture-wicking and air-permeable fabric based on a vinyl elastomer, characterized in that: The present application relates to a fabric substrate coated with a hydrophilic coating and a hydrophobic coating on the inner and outer surfaces of the fabric substrate respectively, wherein the hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating are only attached to the surface of the yarns and fibers without blocking the pores of the fabric, thus maintaining the air permeability of the fabric; the hydrophilic coating contains hydrophilic materials to make the inner surface hydrophilic; the hydrophobic coating contains hydrophobic silicone materials to make the outer surface hydrophobic; and the hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating form a wetting gradient to allow moisture to mainly transfer from the inner surface to the outer surface.

2. A single-woven moisture-wicking and air-permeable fabric based on a vinyl elastomer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrophilic coating comprises: a vinyl elastomer matrix: 35-55 wt%; polyvinyl alcohol or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer: 15-25 wt%; a zwitterionic polymer selected from [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide with a molecular weight of 10,000-50,000 Da: 1.0-2.5 wt%; a maleic anhydride grafted vinyl elastomer compatibilization / adhesion aid selected from maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-octene copolymer POE-g-MA, maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer EVA-g-MA or maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer EBA-g-MA: 3-8 wt%; a multifunctional crosslinking agent selected from 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid BTCA: 1.0-3.0 wt%; a hydrophilic cosolvent dispersant selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyethylene glycol: 0.5-2.0 wt%; a hydrophilic rheology modifier selected from hydroxyethyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose: 0.2-2.5 wt%; a defoaming agent selected from polyether-modified silicone or mineral oil: 0.05-0.3 wt%; and the rest is a hydrophilic coating solvent, which is a water / ethanol / isopropanol mixed solvent with a volume ratio of 40-60:20-35:10-25; the water contact angle of the hydrophilic coating is 30-60°, and the dry film thickness is 2-10 μm.

3. A single-woven moisture-wicking and air-permeable fabric based on a vinyl elastomer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrophobic coating comprises: a vinyl elastomer matrix: 40-65 wt%; a vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane Vi-PDMS: 8-18 wt%; a methacryloyloxypropyl POSS: 2-6 wt%; hydrogen-containing siloxane crosslinking agent selected from polymethylhydrogen siloxane or terminal hydrogen-containing polydimethylsiloxane: 1-4 wt%; silane coupling agent 0.5-1.5 wt%; platinum catalyst: 0.001-0.02 wt% selected from chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate or bis(diethenyltetramethyldisiloxane) platinum complex, calculated as metallic platinum; reaction inhibitor: 0.01-0.08 wt% selected from 1-ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol or 3-methyl-1-butyne-3-ol; hydrophobic roughening microparticles: 0.5-2.5 wt% selected from hydrophobic silica; hydrophobic rheology modifier: 0.1-1.0 wt% selected from polyamide wax; the remainder being a hydrophobic coating solvent selected from a mixture of one or more of toluene, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone and acetone; the hydrophobic coating having a water contact angle of 115-135° and a dry film thickness of 3-12 µm.

4. A single-woven moisture-wicking and air-permeable fabric based on a vinyl elastomer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vinyl elastomer is selected from an ethylene-octene copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or an ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer, or a mixture of two or more of the foregoing.

5. A single-woven moisture-wicking and air-permeable fabric based on a vinyl elastomer according to claim 3, characterized in that, The silane coupling agent is selected from one or both of 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane; the hydrophobic silica has an average particle size of 20-200 nm.

6. A single-woven moisture-wicking and air-permeable fabric based on a vinyl elastomer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fabric has a static contact angle gradient Δθ ≥ 50° in the thickness direction, with a contact angle of 30-60° on the hydrophilic side and a contact angle of 115-135° on the hydrophobic side; a capillary water absorption height from inside to outside ≥ 3.0 cm / 10 min and a capillary water absorption height from outside to inside ≤ 1.0 cm / 10 min, and a moisture permeation amount ≥ 5,000 g·m⁻²·24 h tested under conditions of 23°C / 50% RH.

7. A process for the production of a unidirectionally moisture-conducting, air-permeable fabric based on a vinyl elastomer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: S1 fabric pretreatment: washing, heat setting and surface activation treatment of the fabric substrate to achieve a surface tension of 38-52 mN·m⁻¹; S2 hydrophilic coating preparation: dissolving polyvinyl alcohol or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer in water at 70-80°C, then adding zwitterionic polymer, hydrophilic cosolvent dispersant in turn after cooling to room temperature, and finally adding alcohol solution of vinyl elastomer matrix, maleic anhydride grafted vinyl elastomer compatibility / adhesion aid and multifunctional crosslinking agent to form a stable mixed dispersion system by high-speed dispersion, and adjusting the viscosity to 1000-5000 mPa·s; S3 hydrophilic coating coating: coating the hydrophilic coating on the inside surface of the fabric, with a wet film thickness of 8-25 µm, and pre-drying at 50-70°C; S4 hydrophobic coating preparation: mixing vinyl elastomer, terminal vinyl polydimethylsiloxane, methacryloyloxypropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, hydrogen-containing siloxane crosslinking agent, silane coupling agent, hydrophobic silica microparticles, hydrophobic rheology modifier, platinum catalyst and inhibitor in a hydrophobic coating solvent, and adjusting the viscosity to 1500-6000 mPa·s; S5 hydrophobic coating: coating a hydrophobic coating on the outer surface of the fabric, with a wet film thickness of 10-30 μm, and pre-drying at 50-70 °C; S6 synergistic curing: raising the temperature in three stages according to a preset program: the first stage is 90-110 °C, the second stage is 120-140 °C, and the third stage is 150-170 °C, with each of the first and second stages lasting for 5-10 min, and the third stage lasting for 15-25 min, so as to crosslink and shape the double-sided coating.

8. A process for the production of a unidirectionally moisture-permeable and air-permeable fabric based on a vinyl elastomer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The hydrophilic coating has a coating speed of 20-35 m / min, a coating pressure of 0.1-0.3 MPa, and a doctor blade angle of 45-65°; the hydrophobic coating has a coating speed of 15-30 m / min, a coating pressure of 0.1-0.4 MPa, and a doctor blade angle of 40-60°; and the air permeability of the fabric after coating and curing is ≥65% of that of the fabric substrate before treatment.

9. A process for the production of a unidirectionally moisture-permeable and air-permeable fabric based on a vinyl elastomer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The total solid content of the hydrophilic coating and the hydrophobic coating is 30-50% and 35-55%, respectively; the fabric substrate is a polyester fabric, and the spandex content is ≤5 wt%; when containing spandex, the curing temperature in the third stage is controlled at 140-150 °C.

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