Display device and method of manufacturing same

Abstract

The invention relates to a display device (1) comprising a panel (5) comprising a plurality of light-emitting elements (10) and configured such that said light-emitting elements (11) can emit light along a direction D through an aperture (11) of size delta; a lens sheet (20) facing the panel (5), the lens sheet (20) comprising an array of lenses (21) defined by a lens pitch LP along the same direction D, the lens pitch LP being a multiple greater than 1 of the size Delta of the aperture (11), each lens (21) facing N areas (51, 52) of the panel (5), the N areas corresponding to N different possible views of the display device (1), the number N being greater than 1, the lens sheet faces at least two regions corresponding to the aperture position. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a display device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a display device and a method for manufacturing the display device. Background Technology

[0002] In 3D displays, lenses, including parallel or cylindrical lenses, are used to convert a 2D generated image into two or more pictures to create multiple views, thereby achieving a 3D stereoscopic view. The lenses face the panel or substrate, which comprises pixels that are separated by pixel pitch.

[0003] Different types of displays exist with different types of light sources. A first example is an LCD or liquid crystal display, known to those skilled in the art. For this type of display, the aperture ratio (or pixel aperture ratio) is high, typically above 90%. The aperture ratio can be defined as the ratio between the cumulative surface area covered by the pixels of light and the total surface area of ​​the panel or substrate including the pixels of said light. For LCDs, 3D display devices can be obtained by using lenses facing the substrate or panel containing pixels of different light. When it is desired to increase the viewing distance of the user looking at the display device, it is necessary to reduce the pixel size. Otherwise, the thickness of the lens would become too large. However, for LCDs, reducing the pixel size results in a sharp decrease in the amount of light emitted. Therefore, for LCDs, the viewing distance cannot be drastically modified, especially drastically increased.

[0004] There are displays with low aperture ratios (or low pixel aperture ratios), such as less than 20%, or even less than about 10%. Examples of such displays are LED or light-emitting diode displays. LED displays have several advantages over LCDs, particularly their higher contrast. Furthermore, for LED displays or displays with low aperture ratios, achieving greater viewing distances is generally feasible. However, other problems arise when using displays with low aperture ratios.

[0005] The main problem is that the visual cone of each eye is only partially filled by this light source. Specifically, there is usually a large space between different light-emitting areas, and the eye can only perceive some light within a very small area. In other words, it is difficult to achieve precise positioning so that both eyes can effectively observe the left and right images. Furthermore, the distance between the eyes (called pupillary distance) averages 65 mm and varies from user to user. According to the inventors, to date, there is no solution for designing lenses for displays with such low aperture ratios to ultimately achieve efficient 3D display devices. In particular, the methods used to design lenses in the case of LCDs are not suitable for displays with low aperture ratios (such as LED displays). Otherwise, the problem of only partially filling the visual cone, as described above, will occur.

[0006] Another issue when considering this type of display relates to the thickness of the lens. In fact, with current technology, i.e., if the classic methods of lens design are followed, the lens thickness is proportional to the optimal viewing distance and the display's pixel pitch. In displays with low aperture ratios (such as LED displays), the pixel pitch can be very large, for example, close to 1mm. Therefore, by using the classic methods for designing lens plates, thicknesses greater than 10mm or even 15mm can be achieved, whereas conversely, a thickness of about 1-5mm is required. Furthermore, LED displays typically have a greater viewing distance than LCDs, further increasing the required lens thickness. Using existing technology, a thickness greater than 10mm will result. This makes the screen too heavy and can lead to manufacturing difficulties. For example, manufacturing thick (>10mm) lenses using roll-to-roll processes is impossible, requiring additional intermediate spacer layers. These additional production steps increase the risk of failure. Therefore, thinner lens plates are preferable.

[0007] Therefore, to date, there is no effective solution for multi-view display devices with low aperture ratios. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The object of this invention is to provide a high-efficiency multi-view display device exhibiting low aperture ratio (or low pixel aperture ratio). To this end, the invention relates to a display device comprising: a panel including a plurality of light-emitting elements having a light-emitting aperture of size Δ along a direction D; a lens facing the panel, the lens comprising an array of lenses defined by a lens pitch LP along the same direction D, the lens pitch LP being a multiple of the aperture size Δ greater than 1, each lens facing N regions of the panel, the N regions corresponding to N different possible views of the display device, the number N being greater than 1, and the lens facing at least two regions corresponding to the aperture positions.

[0009] Preferably, for at least one lens, some areas of the panel facing it have no aperture. These areas of the panel that have no aperture or no aperture can be referred to as blank areas or inactive pixels. Thus, the panel includes active pixels corresponding to positions with apertures and light-emitting elements capable of emitting light through said apertures, and inactive pixels corresponding to positions without apertures and without associated light-emitting elements. Areas without apertures can be used to place various components or parts, such as electronic components (e.g., LED drivers or any other driver chips). These empty areas can also be used to assemble electronic, mechanical, and / or optical components. Therefore, with this invention, electronics can be placed on the front side of the panel, resulting in easier connection of all components. This is another advantage for LCDs where electronics are typically placed on the back side.

[0010] According to one embodiment, for each lens of the lens element, some areas of the panel facing each lens have no aperture. Therefore, there are still more possibilities and flexibility for placing electronic components and making connections on the front side of the panel.

[0011] According to one embodiment, for at least one lens, all areas of the panel along direction D' are free of any aperture. This aperture-free lens allows for the assembly of two adjacent tiles at said location without degrading the optical quality of the display device.

[0012] Preferably, the arrangement of the aperture-free region and the occupied region along direction D follows a periodic pattern, such that there is at least one lens with an aperture-free region along direction D'.

[0013] In the display device of this invention, the lens pitch LP is defined or determined by the size Δ of the light-emitting aperture. More precisely, the lens pitch is a multiple of this size Δ, which is not necessarily an integer but depends on the application settings. Therefore, in this invention, the lens pitch is not defined by the pixel pitch (pp), which represents the distance between each light-emitting element. In particular, the lens pitch is not a multiple of the pixel pitch. Since Δ is typically very small (below 300 μm, or even below 200 μm, or even below 100 μm, as low as 4 μm), this allows light-emitting elements producing different views to be shared among multiple lenses, rather than typically placing all light-emitting elements for all views under a single lens. In fact, in the prior art, for example, a 2-view LCD display has approximately 2 pixels per lens pitch (approximately meaning, for example, 1.8 or 2.2…). For a 4-view display, the prior art typically has approximately 4 pixels per lens. The main problem with lenses using panels with low aperture ratios (where only a portion of the view frustum is filled) can be solved by using the light-emitting aperture of the light-emitting element as a lens design parameter and sharing pixels that generate different views across multiple lenses.

[0014] Pixel aperture ratio is defined as the ratio between the cumulative surface area covered by pixels of light and the total surface area of ​​the panel or substrate including the pixels of light. In other words, pixel aperture ratio can be defined as the ratio between the cumulative surface area of ​​the aperture and the total surface area of ​​the panel. A low pixel aperture ratio means less than 20%, preferably less than 15%, and more preferably less than 10%.

[0015] In the case of the display device of the present invention, a uniformly filled viewing cone can be provided.

[0016] In the display device of the present invention, the dimension used to determine the thickness of the lens is no longer the pixel pitch pp, but the aperture size Δ or a value on the order of Δ. Therefore, the lens thickness will be much smaller and acceptable. For example, a lens thickness of 1 to 5 mm is possible. In the display device of the present invention, if the number of views is increased, the lens pitch LP will increase, but the lens thickness will not increase. Furthermore, the smaller lens thickness results in a lighter display device.

[0017] Preferably, the panel comprising the different light-emitting elements is planar. Thus, direction D is parallel to the planar panel. In the case of the display device of the present invention, the panel may also be said to include an aperture of size Δ through which the light-emitting elements emit light. Preferably, Δ is constant or equal for all apertures.

[0018] A lens array comprises multiple lenses or cylindrical lenses. These terms are known to those skilled in the art. Each lens collimates light from each point of the aperture toward the observer. Lenses may form a periodic array, but this is not necessary. The lens pitch is the width of the lens. Preferably, the lens pitch is the same or constant for all lenses. When lenses form a periodic array and are directly adjacent to each other, the lens pitch is also the distance between the centers of each adjacent lens.

[0019] The light-emitting element can be, for example, a solid-state light-emitting element, such as a light-emitting diode (LED), OLED, quantum dot light-emitting diode (QD-LED), EL-QLED, AMOLED, mini LED, or micro LED. Preferably, the light-emitting element is any one of LED, OLED and its variants, QD-LED, EL-QLED, AMOLED, mini LED, or micro LED. The invention is not limited to a specific type of light-emitting element, such as LED, and the advantages provided can benefit any type of light-emitting device, such as for LCDs. Advantageously, the light-emitting element is provided with quantum dots to produce emission of different colors. Quantum dots have the advantage of enhancing the brightness of the display and can also improve color accuracy. The light-emitting element can be a discrete (or dot-like) light-emitting element. The light-emitting element can be a continuously emitting element. The light-emitting element can have an RGB structure. A display of the present invention including such a light-emitting element can be referred to as a low aperture ratio display device.

[0020] As the user's viewpoint moves relative to the lens in a parallel plane, or as the user looks towards the lens from different angles, different segments or areas of the panel beneath the lens are observed. Depending on the user's viewing position / angle, these different areas of the panel correspond to different possible views provided by the display device. To generate 3D content, at least two views are achieved, one for each eye. Therefore, the lens faces at least two areas corresponding to the aperture position. The lens faces the at least two areas as a whole, i.e., the same lens faces the at least two areas, or different lenses face the at least two areas separately. The lens faces at least two areas, each corresponding to a possible aperture position.

[0021] According to the present invention, each lens faces N regions of the panel. The number N is greater than 1, meaning that more than one region faces a given lens. A given lens faces more than one possible view.

[0022] The lens pitch LP can vary between 10 μm and 5 mm, or other values ​​are also possible. Preferably, the lens pitch LP is between 1 μm and 2000 μm, more preferably between 80 μm and 1200 μm, and more preferably between 160 μm and 600 μm.

[0023] This amplitude allows the light-emitting element, which produces different views, to be shared among multiple lenses. In other words, this results in a small lens pitch, thus creating a shared view of the light-emitting element among multiple lenses.

[0024] The lens pitch LP depends on the aperture size Δ and the number of panel areas N corresponding to the number of views of the display device.

[0025] N is the ratio of LP and Δ, rounded to the nearest integer. For the median value between LP and Δ, N is rounded up to the nearest integer. For example, if LP = 3.2 * Δ, then N equals 3; or if LP = 5.8 * Δ, then N equals 6; or if LP = 7.5 * Δ, then N equals 8. Each of the N regions of the panel has an extension of approximately Δ along the direction D, or each of the N regions of the panel has an extension of Δ along the direction D. Each of the N regions has an extension of less than 1.3 * Δ. Preferably, Δ is constant or equal for different regions of the panel facing a lens. The N regions correspond to N different possible views of the display device. Preferably, each of the N regions of the panel has a fixed corresponding position relative to the lens of the lens sheet along the direction D.

[0026] According to one embodiment, N is between 2 and 200. By using a light-emitting element, such as an LED, the aperture size can be very small while maintaining high contrast. For example, small means less than 300 μm, or even lower. By reducing the aperture size, the number of views N of the display device can be increased without increasing the lens pitch LP. This is another advantage of the invention: it allows for highly efficient, high-multiple-view display devices. As other examples, N can be between 2 and 50. N can be between 2 and 12.

[0027] According to one embodiment, several light-emitting elements are adjacent to each other, with at least two adjacent light-emitting elements located on a substrate. This forms a multi-aperture component with at least two adjacent light-emitting elements. This allows the multiple light-emitting elements in contact with each other to have a reduced size, thus forming different views. This allows the size Δ of the light-emitting aperture of the respective light-emitting element to be reduced, for example, below 10 μm, such as 8 μm. For example, there can be 40 8 μm apertures, equivalent to a total aperture of 320 μm for each multi-aperture component. Therefore, many views are achieved. Thus, the aforementioned advantage of a small size Δ applies here. The multi-aperture component makes it possible to adjust the size Δ of the light-emitting aperture.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the distance between the centers of each aperture along the direction D is greater than the size Δ of each aperture along the direction D. According to this possible embodiment, there are no adjacent active pixels or adjacent apertures.

[0029] According to one embodiment, some apertures are adjacent to each other such that the minimum distance between their centers along the direction D is substantially equal to the size Δ of each aperture, the adjacent apertures forming an aperture group, the aperture group being spaced apart along the position D by a distance greater than the size Δ. This is another possible design for the display device of the present invention, which is also particularly easy to manufacture.

[0030] According to one embodiment, the entire space of the panel facing a lens has no aperture. Therefore, according to this possible embodiment, the entire area or space of the panel facing a lens has no aperture. In other words, according to this embodiment, in this case, there are no active pixels under the lens. This generates a higher-order view. In fact, at higher angles, the view is repeated because light can pass from a pixel through adjacent lenses and even further through the next adjacent lens. However, if generating a higher-order view is not desired, the lens can be removed. For example, the particular lens can be made planar and / or covered with an absorbing coating.

[0031] According to one embodiment, the entire space without any aperture includes a camera and / or a sensor and / or an electrode and / or an LED driver.

[0032] According to one embodiment, each lens faces at most one aperture. This possible embodiment makes full use of view sharing between different lenses.

[0033] According to one embodiment, the aperture is separated by a constant pixel pitch pp that is greater than the lens pitch LP.

[0034] According to one embodiment, the light-emitting element is a solid-state light-emitting element selected from the group consisting of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), OLEDs, quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs), EL-QLEDs, AMOLEDs, mini LEDs, and micro LEDs. Therefore, the present invention can be implemented with various examples of light-emitting elements. Panels including such light-emitting elements typically have low pixel aperture ratios, for example, less than 20%, or even less than 10%.

[0035] According to one embodiment, the lens sheet is asymmetrical or symmetrical relative to the lens array. For the display device of the present invention, a perfectly symmetrical lens sheet is not required. According to one possible embodiment, two or more lenses are adjacent, each separated by a lens pitch, and this group of lenses is separated from another group of lenses by a flat or inactive region of the lens sheet. Having such a flat or inactive region can be of some interest.

[0036] According to one embodiment, the display device is a low aperture ratio display device.

[0037] According to one embodiment, the thickness d of the lens is equal to d = n.Δ.L / VCW, where

[0038] -n is the refractive index of the lens material.

[0039] -L is the observation distance.

[0040] -VCW is the cone width at the observer's position.

[0041] Preferably, the thickness d is defined as the distance between the top surface of a lens and the top surface of a panel; thus d includes the possible thickness of the adhesive and / or spacer layer.

[0042] The viewing distance L is, for example, between 500 and 3000 mm. Preferably, it is between 600 and 900 mm. The cone width (VCW) at the observer's position can vary depending on the user. For example, the VCW is preferably between 21 mm and 65 mm (which corresponds to the average interpupillary distance in humans). It becomes apparent from the formula d = n.Δ.L / VCW that a lower lens thickness is possible. In fact, by making the lens thickness d dependent on the aperture Δ rather than the pixel pitch pp, the thickness d can be even lower. For example, a thickness between 1 and 4 mm is possible. This allows for display devices with acceptable weight.

[0043] According to a second aspect, the present invention relates to a method for designing or manufacturing a display device.

[0044] According to one embodiment, the lenses are from at least two lenses from multiple groups, and N light-emitting elements are distributed on one group of lenses, such that the lens group faces a total of N light-emitting elements at N possible positions, and the arrangement of the N light-emitting elements under P lens groups forms a first structure.

[0045] According to one embodiment, the lens group is formed periodically.

[0046] According to one embodiment, the periodicity of the lens group is associated with a row of light-emitting elements or with a group of rows of light-emitting elements.

[0047] Preferably, for at least one of the P lenses, there is no aperture in any region along the direction D' of the panel.

[0048] This ensures that there is a lens without an aperture within the first structure of the light-emitting element. This is important, for example, if two tiles are to be assembled together without degrading the optical quality of the display, they can be assembled in that location. Therefore, the lens can be flat, there may be no lens in that location, or the lens can be replaced or coated, such as with an absorbing coating.

[0049] Preferably, P ≥ N or where P > N. If P = N, the number of light-emitting elements is the same as the number of lenses. Therefore, each lens has at least one light-emitting element. If P > N, at least one lens has no aperture.

[0050] Preferably, the first structure is replicated in consecutive rows to provide P fill rows. This ensures consistency and uniform light distribution throughout the display, thereby enhancing visual appeal and simplifying production. This method also optimizes panel integrity and facilitates cost-effective manufacturing.

[0051] Advantageously, the first structure is copied in consecutive columns.

[0052] This ensures the periodicity of the light-emitting elements on the panel.

[0053] Preferably, the first structure is reproduced in consecutive rows by arranging or rearranging the light-emitting elements in the first structure in consecutive rows to provide P filling rows, thereby generating the second structure.

[0054] This results in displays with variability and reduced regularity in the arrangement of light-emitting elements.

[0055] Preferably, the second structure is provided by arranging or rearranging the light-emitting elements of the first structure in consecutive columns to replicate the first structure.

[0056] Advantageously, a third structure is provided by arranging or rearranging the light-emitting elements of the second structure to repeat the second structure in consecutive rows and / or columns.

[0057] Different structures obtained through arrangement ensure a display with uniform distribution but reduced regularity, thereby reducing the Mohr effect.

[0058] Furthermore, digital processing techniques can be used to detect and eliminate interfering patterns that lead to the final moiré effect. This can be achieved by using algorithms that analyze the distribution of light-emitting elements and calculate a new distribution to selectively remove or replace unwanted patterns while adhering to certain design specifications.

[0059] Preferably, the light-emitting elements are arranged in rows and columns to ensure a substantially constant spacing between them, or a spacing adapted to the aspect ratio provided by the display.

[0060] Here are some specific advantages of the structure defined above:

[0061] Reducing the Moiré effect: Introducing variability in the arrangement of light-emitting elements helps to reduce the occurrence of the Moiré effect, which is an unwanted interference pattern that may occur when two similar overlapping patterns interact.

[0062] Improved display uniformity: While maintaining a uniform distribution of light-emitting elements across the entire panel, arranging or rearranging the elements in consecutive rows helps to distribute light more evenly, resulting in improved display uniformity.

[0063] Enhanced optical quality: The optical quality of a display can be improved by avoiding completely regular and repetitive patterns, as regular patterns can sometimes lead to visual artifacts or distortion.

[0064] Design flexibility: Arranging or rearranging the light-emitting elements allows for greater flexibility in the design and customization of the display, thus adapting to different panel sizes, resolutions, and viewing angles.

[0065] Adapting to Panel Requirements: This method enables displays to adapt to specific panel requirements and constraints, thereby optimizing the distribution of light-emitting elements based on panel characteristics and performance standards. This results in more uniform, visually appealing, and high-quality displays while minimizing unwanted visual artifacts such as the moiré effect.

[0066] The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a display device as described above, the method comprising the steps of: providing a panel including a plurality of light-emitting elements, the panel including an aperture of size Δ along a direction D, the light-emitting elements being capable of emitting light through the aperture; providing a lens sheet including a plurality of lenses, each lens having a lens pitch LP, the width LP being a multiple greater than 1 of the size Δ; placing the lens sheet such that it faces the panel, and each lens sheet faces N regions of the panel, the N regions corresponding to N different possible views of the display device, the number N being greater than 1, the lens sheet facing at least two regions corresponding to the aperture positions, and wherein...

[0067] For at least one lens, some regions of the panel facing it along direction D' perpendicular to direction D have no aperture, wherein the regions without aperture follow a periodic pattern or are uniformly distributed along direction D.

[0068] According to one embodiment, N is the ratio of LP to Δ, which is rounded to the nearest integer.

[0069] According to one embodiment, the thickness d of the lens is equal to d = n.Δ.L / VC, where

[0070] -n is the refractive index of the lens material.

[0071] -L is the observation distance.

[0072] -VCW is the cone width at the observer's position.

[0073] According to one embodiment, the panel includes tiles assembled together.

[0074] According to one embodiment, the lens comes from at least two lenses from multiple groups, and N light-emitting elements are distributed on one group of lenses, such that the lens group faces a total of N light-emitting elements at N possible positions.

[0075] According to one embodiment, the lens group is formed periodically.

[0076] According to one embodiment, the periodicity of the lens group is associated with a row of light-emitting elements or with a group of rows of light-emitting elements.

[0077] The advantages of the display device of the present invention, with necessary modifications, are applicable to this method.

[0078] Preferably, the thickness d is defined as the distance between the top surface of a lens and the top surface of a panel; thus d includes the possible thickness of the adhesive and / or spacer layer.

[0079] The present invention also relates to a panel for a display device according to the present invention, the panel comprising tiles assembled together.

[0080] This allows for modular construction and easier maintenance.

[0081] Preferably, the panel for display device according to the present invention comprises at least one set of identical tiles, or multiple sets of identical tiles.

[0082] This ensures simplified manufacturing and consistent display quality.

[0083] Preferably, the pattern for the panel includes at least a first row of N light-emitting elements, the N light-emitting elements being configured to be distributed on a group of P lenses, such that the lens group faces the total N light-emitting elements in N possible positions, and wherein the arrangement of the N light-emitting elements under the group of P lenses forms a first structure.

[0084] This ensures optimized light distribution and enhanced display brightness.

[0085] Preferably, the light-emitting element is configured to be provided for at least one of the P lenses, and all areas of the panel along direction D' are free of any aperture. This ensures that the edges of individual tiles can be positioned where there are no aperture lenses in the assembled display device. Preferably, P ≥ N or where P > N.

[0086] This ensures sufficient light coverage for each lens, thereby enhancing display uniformity.

[0087] Preferably, the first structure is copied in consecutive rows to provide P fill rows.

[0088] This ensures consistent light distribution and simplifies production.

[0089] Preferably, the first structure is replicated in consecutive columns. This maintains consistency and visual appeal.

[0090] Preferably, the first structure is replicated in consecutive rows by arranging or rearranging the light-emitting elements in the first structure in consecutive rows to provide P fill rows, thereby producing a second structure.

[0091] This reduces regularity and minimizes the Moiré effect, thereby improving display quality.

[0092] Preferably, the first structure is replicated in consecutive columns by arranging or rearranging the light-emitting elements of the first structure in consecutive columns.

[0093] This introduces variability, thereby reducing visual artifacts and improving optical quality.

[0094] Preferably, the second structure is repeated in consecutive rows and / or columns by arranging or rearranging the light-emitting elements of the second structure to generate the third structure.

[0095] This maintains uniformity while minimizing display irregularities.

[0096] Preferably, the blocks include at least one of a second block structure, a third block structure, or a plurality of block structures arranged or rearranged to each other, the arrangement of the block structures defining a set of identical blocks.

[0097] This allows for versatile design options and customization. Lenses without apertures are preferably present between the block structures. A set of identical blocks or multiple sets of identical blocks can exist.

[0098] Preferably, the light-emitting elements are arranged in rows and columns to ensure a substantially constant spacing between them, or a spacing adapted to the aperture ratio provided by the display.

[0099] This optimizes light distribution and improves overall display quality.

[0100] Preferably, an absorption layer is provided at the edges of the tiles. This reduces edge reflection and improves display contrast and clarity.

[0101] Within the framework of this document, the use of the indefinite article “a,” “an,” or the definite article “the” to introduce an element does not preclude the existence of multiple such elements. In this document, the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., are used only to delineate elements and do not imply any order of these elements.

[0102] Within the framework of this document, the use of the verbs “including,” “contains,” “involves,” or any other similar variations and their conjugations shall not exclude the presence of elements other than those mentioned. When the verb “including” is used to define a range by the term “included between two values,” those two values ​​shall not be interpreted as excluded from the range. Attached Figure Description

[0103] Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent after reading the following detailed description, in which reference is made to the accompanying drawings for understanding:

[0104] - Figure 1 The schematic diagram illustrates one possible embodiment of the display device of the present invention;

[0105] - Figure 2 The schematic diagram illustrates another possible embodiment of the display device of the present invention;

[0106] - Figure 3 The schematic diagram illustrates another possible embodiment of the display device of the present invention;

[0107] - Figure 4 The schematic diagram illustrates another possible embodiment of the display device of the present invention;

[0108] - Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrates the panel of the display device of the present invention;

[0109] - Figure 6 The schematic diagram illustrates another possible embodiment of the display device of the present invention;

[0110] - Figure 7 The schematic diagram illustrates another possible embodiment of the display device of the present invention;

[0111] - Figure 8 The schematic diagram illustrates the panel of the display device of the present invention.

[0112] The drawings are not to scale. Similar elements may be designated by similar reference numerals in the drawings. Within the framework of this document, identical or similar elements may have the same reference numerals. The presence of reference numerals in the drawings should not be considered limiting (especially if such reference numerals are indicated in the claims). Detailed Implementation

[0113] Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention is not limited by these references. In particular, the drawings or figures described below are merely illustrative and are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0114] For clarity, the following definitions are provided:

[0115] The terms “about” or “approximately” are synonyms used to indicate that the value modified by the term has an associated comprehensible range, which may be +20%, +15%, +10%, +5%, or +1%. The term “substantially” is used to indicate that a result (e.g., a measurement) is close to a target value, where close can mean, for example, that the result is within 80%, 90%, 95%, or 99% of the value.

[0116] Lens (or cylindrical lens): A lens is an optical element commonly referred to as a cylindrical lens. It has a cylindrical shape and is used to manipulate light. Each cylindrical lens has a curved surface that typically forms part of a cylinder. These lenses are used to create visual effects such as depth, motion, or to display multiple images depending on the viewing angle.

[0117] Lens Plate: A lens plate is an assembly consisting of an array of lenses (or cylindrical lenses). The lens plate is placed facing a panel. Each lens within the lens plate consists of a cylindrical lens. Lens plates facilitate the manipulation of light and visual effects, with each cylindrical lens redirecting light along a specific direction. The width of each lens along the specified direction (denoted as D) is called the lens pitch (LP). The top surface of each cylindrical lens can have various shapes, such as cylindrical or aspherical, or any optical shape known to a person skilled in the art, such as elliptical, parabolic, etc., depending on the specific design requirements and the optical characteristics required for the application.

[0118] Vertical axis D': When viewed from the side, the vertical axis corresponds to the direction of the cylindrical lens or the curvature of the lens.

[0119] Horizontal axis D: Perpendicular to the vertical axis, the horizontal axis is the direction in which the viewer's perspective changes, thus allowing different images or effects to be seen depending on the viewpoint.

[0120] The accompanying schematic diagram illustrates a possible embodiment of the display device 1 of the present invention. It includes a panel 5 comprising a plurality of light-emitting elements 10. The panel 5 is configured such that each of the light-emitting elements 10 has a light-emitting aperture 11. For illustrative purposes only, the aperture 11 is depicted as a circle, but the aperture 11 is not necessarily circular. According to a preferred example, the panel 5 includes such an aperture 11. The size of the aperture 11 is equal to Δ according to the direction D shown in the figure. Different values ​​of Δ are possible. For example, Δ is less than 300 μm, or even less than 200 μm, or even less than 100 μm. Preferably, Δ is between 4 μm and 300 μm, more preferably between 10 μm and 200 μm. However, other values, such as greater than 300 μm, are possible.

[0121] The accompanying diagram illustrates N regions 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, etc., on panel 5. These N regions 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, etc., correspond to N different possible views of the display device 1. Region 51 corresponds to the view... Figure 1 Region 52 corresponds to the view Figure 2 Each of the N regions and its corresponding view has a fixed position relative to the lens 21 of the lens sheet along the direction D. The accompanying drawings illustrate the array of regions and the positions of the light-emitting elements (and the corresponding aperture positions). In other words, the accompanying drawings illustrate the rows and columns of regions and the positions of the light-emitting elements (and the corresponding aperture positions).

[0122] Lens plate 20 faces panel 5. Lens plate 20 comprises an array of lenses 21 (or cylindrical lenses 21). Lens plate 20 includes multiple lenses 21. The top surface of each lens 21 may follow a cylindrical or aspherical shape. The width of each lens 21 along direction D is called the lens pitch LP. Typically, according to the invention, LP is a multiple of Δ greater than 1, but this multiple is not necessarily an integer. Therefore, a given lens covers more than one aperture. Figure 1 In the example shown, the lens pitch LP is equal to twice Δ.

[0123] In the accompanying drawings, lens 20 faces panel 5, with the curvature of lens 21 facing the panel. Lens 21 has curvature in direction D and extends in direction D' perpendicular to D. In a non-limiting manner, lens 21 is shown in cross-section above the row of light-emitting elements 10 to simplify the drawings. In the drawings, each lens 21 faces more than one region, each region corresponding to a position relative to a given lens. Each region corresponds to a position relative to the lens, starting from the edge of the lens.

[0124] In the attached diagram, the light-emitting elements are arranged in rows and columns. Figures 1 to 4 and Figure 8 The image shows a single row of light-emitting elements. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The text shows multiple rows and columns.

[0125] for Figure 1 In this embodiment, each lens 21 faces two regions 51 and 52 of the panel 5. The width of each region 51 and 52 along D is equal to Δ. Each region fills one position relative to the same lens facing the panel 5.

[0126] exist Figure 1 In the example, for the second lens 21 starting from the left, there is an aperture 11 in the first region 51, while its adjacent region 52 below the same lens 21 has no aperture. It can be said that for this lens 21, there is an active pixel in the first region 51 and an inactive pixel (or black pixel or no aperture) in the second region 52. Moving further to the right, there is a lens 21 facing the inactive pixel (or black pixel or no aperture). The next lens 21 further to the right has an inactive pixel (or black pixel or no aperture) in the first region 51, followed by an aperture 11 or an active pixel in the second region 52. This structure (or pattern) is then repeated.

[0127] Figure 1An example is a dual-view display device 1. Using this display device 1, a filled cone of vision can be achieved at a viewing distance of, for example, 600 mm. Where the refractive index is 1.54, Δ = 0.1875 mm, the viewing distance is 600 mm, the VCW parameter is 65 mm, and the thickness of the lens 20 is 2.66 mm, this is acceptable.

[0128] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrates another possible embodiment of the display device 1 of the present invention. Figure 2 In the example shown, the lens pitch LP is equal to four times Δ. For Figure 2 In this embodiment, each lens 21 faces four regions 51, 52, 53, and 54 of the panel 5. Each region 51, 52, 53, and 54 has a width along D equal to Δ. Each region fills one position relative to the same lens facing the panel 5. Figure 2 In the example, for the first lens 21 starting from the left, there is an aperture 11 in the first region 51, while the adjacent regions 52 and other regions 53 and 54 under the same lens 21 have no aperture. These regions 53 and 54 can be referred to as aperture-free regions. It can be said that for lens 21, there is one active pixel in the first region 51, and inactive pixels (or black pixels or no aperture) in the second region 52, the third region 53, and the fourth region 54. Moving further to the right, the next lens 21 has an inactive pixel (or black pixel or no aperture) in the first region 51, followed by an aperture 11 or an active pixel in the second region 52, and then inactive pixels (or black pixels or no aperture) in the third region 53 and the fourth region 54. Moving further to the right, the next lens 21 has inactive pixels (or black pixels or no aperture) in the first region 51 and the second region 52, followed by an aperture 11 or an active pixel in the third region 53, and then inactive pixels (or black pixels or no aperture) in the fourth region 54. Moving further to the right, the next lens 21 has inactive pixels (or black pixels or no aperture) in the first region 51, the second region 52, and the third region 53, followed by an aperture 11 or active pixel in the fourth region 54. Moving further to the right, there are lenses 21 facing the inactive pixels (or black pixels or no aperture). This structure (or pattern) is then repeated, meaning that these aperture-free areas present a periodic pattern or uniform distribution across the entire display.

[0129] Figure 2An example is a four-view display device 1. Using such a display device 1, a filled cone of view can be achieved, for example, at a viewing distance of 900 mm. This is acceptable given that the refractive index is 1.54, Δ = 0.1875 mm, the viewing distance is 900 mm, the VCW parameter is 65 mm, and the thickness of the lens 20 is 3.998 mm.

[0130] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrates another possible embodiment of the display device 1 of the present invention. Figure 3 In the example shown, the lens pitch LP is equal to eight times Δ. For Figure 3 In this embodiment, each lens 21 faces eight regions 51 to 58 of the panel 5. Each region 51 to 58 has a width along D equal to Δ. Each region fills one position relative to the same lens facing the panel 5. Figure 3 In the example, for the first lens 21 starting from the left, there is an aperture 11 in the first region 51, the second region 52, the third region 53, and the fourth region 54, while the other regions 55, 56, 57, and 58 under the same lens 21 have no aperture. It can be said that for this lens 21, there is one active pixel in the first region 51, the second region 52, the third region 53, and the fourth region 54, and inactive pixels (or black pixels or no aperture) in the fifth region 55, the sixth region 56, the seventh region 57, and the eighth region 58. Then, moving further to the right, the next lens 21 has inactive pixels (or black pixels or no aperture) in the first region 51, the second region 52, the third region 53, and the fourth region 54, and subsequently has an aperture 11 or an active pixel in the fifth region 55, the sixth region 56, the seventh region 57, and the eighth region 58. Then, moving further to the right, there is a lens 21 facing the inactive pixels (or black pixels or no aperture). The structure (or pattern) is then repeated; thus, these aperture-free areas present a periodic pattern or uniform distribution across the entire display.

[0131] Figure 3 An example is a four-view display device 1. Using such a display device 1, a filled cone of view can be achieved, for example, at a viewing distance of 900 mm. This is acceptable given that the refractive index is 1.54, Δ = 0.1875 mm, the viewing distance is 900 mm, the VCW parameter is 65 mm, and the thickness of the lens 20 is 3998 mm.

[0132] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrates another possible embodiment of the display device 1 of the present invention. Figure 4 In the example shown, the lens pitch LP is equal to six times Δ. For Figure 4In this embodiment, each lens 21 faces six regions 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, and 56 of the panel 5. Each region 51 to 56 has a width along D equal to Δ. Each region fills one position relative to the same lens facing the panel 5. Figure 4 In the example, for the first lens 21 starting from the left, there is an aperture 11 in the first region 51, the second region 52, the fourth region 54, and the sixth region 56, while the other regions 53 and 55 under the same lens 21 have no aperture. It can be said that for lens 21, there is one active pixel in the first region 51, the second region 52, the fourth region 54, and the sixth region 56, and inactive pixels (or black pixels or no aperture) in the third region 53 and the fifth region 55. Then, moving further to the right, the next lens 21 has inactive pixels (or black pixels or no aperture) in the first region 51, the second region 52, the fourth region 54, and the sixth region 56, and has an aperture 11 or an active pixel in the third region 53 and the fifth region 55. This structure (or pattern) is then repeated.

[0133] Figure 4 An example is a six-view display device 1. Using such a display device 1, a filled cone of vision can be achieved, for example, at a viewing distance of 900 mm. This is acceptable given that the refractive index is 1.54, Δ = 0.1875 mm, the viewing distance is 900 mm, the VCW parameter is 65 mm, and the thickness of the lens 20 is 3998 mm.

[0134] Figure 5 The schematic diagram illustrates the panel 5 of the display device of the present invention. Figure 5 The aperture 11 is visible based on the user's orientation towards the display device. The aperture 11 is visible in size Δ. Size Δ can be as described above. The geometry of aperture 11 is not limited. For example, aperture 11 can be a square with an edge of size Δ. It can also be a rectangle; in this case, the width of size Δ in direction D is smaller than its length in the direction transverse to direction D (in the plan view of the aperture in panel 5). Furthermore, the pixel pitch pp is depicted. The pixel pitch pp is much larger than the aperture size Δ. The aperture size is much smaller than the pixel pitch. Because the lens pitch LP is small and may be defined or determined by the aperture size Δ, light-emitting elements that produce different views are shared among multiple lenses. Moreover, since the size used to determine the lens thickness in this invention is the aperture size Δ, or a value on the order of Δ, the thickness of the lens can be much smaller and acceptable. Figure 5 A set of apertures of 11 is shown as an example, but Figure 5 The apertures on the surface can be as depicted in other figures, such as being continuously spaced apart, like... Figure 1 As above.

[0135] Figure 6The schematic diagram illustrates the panel 5 of the display device of the present invention. Figure 6 Corresponding to Figure 2 The embodiments are described (the same description is applicable to other embodiments with necessary modifications). Figure 6 The case of panel 5 in direction D and in direction D' perpendicular to D is depicted. Figure 6 The diagram illustrates how the structures (or patterns) of active and inactive pixels are repeated row-wise in direction D, and how the structures or patterns of active and inactive pixels are repeated column-wise in direction D'. In direction D, the repetition is as follows... Figure 2 The same structure is explained. In direction D', active pixels in a given region repeat column-wise. Active pixels in the first region 51 repeat column-wise, as do other active pixels in the second region 52, third region 53, and fourth region 54. All rows of active pixels begin with the same region (in... Figure 6 In the example, this is region 51 (but it could have originally been another region). Therefore, the active pixels in a given region are aligned column-wise. Figure 6 The embodiments make it possible to obtain a "vertical" spacing (in direction D') between active pixels in a given area, which is much smaller than the "horizontal" spacing (in direction D). This is a possible way to vertically increase the resolution of the display device 1 in direction D'.

[0136] Figure 7 The schematic diagram illustrates the panel 5 of the display device of the present invention. Figure 7 Panel 5 is depicted in direction D and in direction D' perpendicular to D. Figure 7 The diagram illustrates how the structures of active and inactive pixels repeat row-wise along direction D, and how the structures of active and inactive pixels repeat column-wise along direction D'. Along direction D, with... Figure 2 The explanation similarly repeats the same structure. More precisely, it repeats a series of regions where the light-emitting element is filled or unfilled, but not the space between active and inactive pixels. In direction D', the active pixels in a given region are displaced toward direction D (or opposite to direction D). For example, the active pixels corresponding to region 51 illustrate this displacement. In other words, the active pixels in a given region are arranged diagonally in a certain way. The active pixels in the first region 51 are displaced from one line to another in direction D, as are the other active pixels in the second region 52, the third region 53, and the fourth region 54. Therefore, the active pixels in a given region are displaced from one row of pixels to another in direction D. Figure 7 This implementation allows for a better distribution of pixels in each view. The active pixels in the corresponding views are more evenly distributed. This is a possible way to avoid the moiré effect and achieve better visual results. Furthermore, Figure 7 The embodiment avoids tilting the lens.

[0137] Figure 7 It shows the "rearrangement" of pixels, while Figure 6 The diagrams illustrate how pixels are arranged without being "rearranged". These diagrams are to be interpreted only as possible examples of pixel arrangements for a specific number of views.

[0138] According to all embodiments, each lens 21 faces N possible positions of light-emitting elements 10 (with corresponding apertures) corresponding to N different possible views. Lenses 21 form multiple groups of P lenses 21, where P is at least two. The lens groups face at least a total of N light-emitting elements 10 at the N possible positions. Therefore, each lens 21 in a given group does not face N light-emitting elements (or active pixels). In other words, a lens 21 facing N regions faces fewer than N light-emitting elements 10 (and fewer than N aperture positions). The lenses in this group may even not face any light-emitting elements 10. The N light-emitting elements (and associated apertures) corresponding to the N regions are distributed in a group of at least two lenses. The lens group is thus repeated throughout the display device 1 as a basic building block of the display device. The advantage is that the presence of light-emitting elements can be reduced, thereby reducing the amount of light, while maintaining the same quality or even improving the quality of the display device. This reduces the cost of the display device.

[0139] Therefore, in all embodiments, the lens group is periodic. The lens group can be periodic relative to a row of light-emitting elements in direction D and / or direction D'. The lenses are divided into multiple groups of P lenses, such that the light-emitting elements (and corresponding apertures) in a row are positioned relative to each location of the region within a given group at the nearest left lens edge. In the figure, lens 21 is periodically distributed along direction D. The lens group can be periodic relative to a row of light-emitting elements. It can also be periodic in blocks. In other words, it can be periodic in both directions D and D'. It can be periodic in blocks in both directions D and D'. The periodicity can cover a group of lenses in direction D and a row of light-emitting elements in direction D'.

[0140] exist Figure 1 In this configuration, a group of five lenses facing two regions is periodic. Two lenses in this group each face a corresponding region filled with a light-emitting element (active pixel), and three lenses in the group do not face any light-emitting element (inactive pixel). In one group, one lens faces region 51 filled with a light-emitting element, one lens faces region 52 filled with a light-emitting element, and three lenses do not face any light-emitting element. This group of lenses may repeat in an adjacent manner or not.

[0141] exist Figure 2 and Figure 6In this system, a group of five lenses facing four regions is periodic. Four lenses in this group each face a corresponding region filled with a light-emitting element (active pixel), and one lens in the group does not face any light-emitting element (inactive pixel). In one group of lenses, one lens faces region 51 filled with a light-emitting element, one lens faces region 52 filled with a light-emitting element, one lens faces region 53 filled with a light-emitting element, one lens faces region 54 where a light-emitting element has been added, and one lens does not face any light-emitting element. This group of lenses may repeat in an adjacent manner or not.

[0142] exist Figure 3 In this setup, three lenses facing eight regions are periodically arranged. Two lenses in this group each face one of four corresponding regions filled with light-emitting elements (active pixels), and one lens in the group does not face any light-emitting elements (inactive pixels). In one group, one lens faces regions 51-54 filled with light-emitting elements, one lens faces regions 55-58 filled with light-emitting elements, and one lens does not face any light-emitting element. This group of lenses may repeat in an adjacent manner or not.

[0143] exist Figure 4 In this setup, two lenses facing six regions are periodically arranged. One lens in this group faces four corresponding regions filled with light-emitting elements (active pixels), and another lens in the group faces two corresponding regions filled with light-emitting elements (active pixels). In one set of lenses, one lens faces regions 51, 52, 54, and 56 filled with light-emitting elements, and another lens faces regions 53 and 55 filled with light-emitting elements. This set of lenses may repeat in an adjacent manner or not.

[0144] exist Figure 7 In this context, the blocks exhibit periodicity, meaning they are periodic in both directions D and D'. As an example (other numbers are possible), a set of 25 lens widths (direction D) relative to 5 light-emitting row heights (direction D') is periodic. Figure 7 In the diagram, 25 first lenses, starting from the lens on the left, form a group of lenses (group B) in direction D, and five first rows containing light-emitting elements, starting from the top row of light-emitting elements, form a group of light-emitting element rows (group B') along direction D'. The 25 lenses face four regions. Some lenses in this group each face the region filled with light-emitting elements (active pixels). These lenses face all four regions 51-54 in each row that are filled with light-emitting elements (active pixels). The other lenses in this group do not face any light-emitting elements (inactive pixels). Figure 7In each row, the active pixels of a given region are displaced toward direction D (or opposite to direction D). Gap 28 may be located after group B. Then, the lens group and row group repeat or do not repeat in directions D and D', either adjacently or non-adjacently. Figure 7 The advantage is that the resolution loss in the horizontal direction (direction D) is evenly distributed in both the horizontal direction (direction D) and the vertical direction (direction D').

[0145] The light-emitting elements under each lens group are positioned to fill all possible positions relative to the lens pitch. There are at least two (minimum number) lenses in a lens group such that all light-emitting elements under that group contribute to all views. As explained further below, the result is that non-light-emitting areas become available under the lens, allowing "blind" lenses to enable the splicing of different display panels, adding electronics (or other functions) to these spatial areas, while 3D still functions.

[0146] The display device (1) is designed with a complex structural layout to optimize its visual output and quality:

[0147] like Figure 6 As shown, the first structure can be copied row by row to produce P fill rows, thereby enhancing the uniformity and brightness of the display.

[0148] The first structure can be replicated in consecutive columns, thus ensuring a consistent and attractive visual presentation throughout the display.

[0149] The first structure can also be replicated in consecutive rows, with the light-emitting elements arranged within each row. This arrangement creates the second structure, introducing variability and reducing visual artifacts, thereby improving display quality. This is in Figure 7 The image in the middle shows...

[0150] Similarly, the first structure is replicated in a continuous column of arranged light-emitting elements to produce the second structure. For example... Figure 7 As illustrated, this method further improves optical quality and reduces regularity.

[0151] A third structure is created by further repeating the second structure in consecutive rows and / or columns by arranging or rearranging the light-emitting elements. This repetition and arrangement maintains display uniformity while minimizing irregularities. Figure 7 In this case, P = 5 or P = 25, and N = 4. There are 5 substructures under the 25 lens bodies, which are either arranged or rearranged from each other, or displaced relative to each other.

[0152] The combination of various arrangements with different structures promotes design diversity for individual blocks. A block can consist of multiple unique structures, or each block can have its own unique structure, resulting in different groups of the same block. These blocks are separated between two adjacent blocks at an aperture-free lens located at space 28.

[0153] Furthermore, the display device ensures that the light-emitting elements are meticulously arranged in rows and columns, maintaining consistent spacing between them or adapting to the aspect ratio of the display. This meticulous arrangement optimizes light distribution and improves overall display quality. The display device 1 of the present invention solves the problem of low fill factor while still having focused pixels, thereby producing uniformly filled frustums (which improves 3D view quality even though users have different frustum widths (VCW)) and feasible lens thickness. The smaller the width of the frustum, the more views are needed to fill the space in which the user can still experience good 3D quality. The advantage is that the user has a good 3D experience as their eyes move from one frustum to another due to the smooth transition between frustums. The wider the width of the frustum, the fewer views are required. This, in turn, enables multi-view, hyper-stereoscopic displays. Hyper-stereoscopic displays improve the quality of 3D impressions, even bringing them closer to reality. Figure 8 The embodiments described are particularly useful for generating hyper-stereoscopic displays.

[0154] Spaces containing inactive pixels (i.e., lenses 21a facing only inactive pixels (such lenses can be flat – as shown by the dashed lines in the figure, and / or covered with an absorbing coating), and lens portions facing some pixels that are inactive pixels) will not actively participate in the generation of different (first-order) 3D views. These spaces facilitate the generation of higher-order views. In fact, at higher angles, views are repeated because light can pass from a pixel through adjacent lenses, and even further through the next adjacent lens. Therefore, these spaces can be used to add one or more additional functions to the display, such as: sensors (humidity, ambient light, brightness adjustment, etc.), touch (capacitive), top electrodes for power distribution, high-speed optical links, built-in cameras, black (to enhance contrast) or background images, transparency, hidden seams in splicable displays (free-form direct-view displays, not limited to video aspect ratios), and additional space between light-emitting elements or groups of light-emitting elements for assembling electronics (high-speed signals, LED drivers, etc.), mechanics (laminated spacers), or optics (high-speed optical links, sensors, etc.). These spaces also enable splicable multi-view displays according to the present invention. In other words, these spaces facilitate the assembly of panel 5 by seamlessly interlocking individual tiles. This makes it easy to manufacture the display as tiles. For example, in Figure 6 and Figure 7(Applicable to other embodiments) There is a lens 21a facing a space 28 with inactive pixels. This space 28 may be a tile boundary. Due to the periodic or uniform distribution of aperture-free areas across the entire display, it becomes feasible to assemble the display from individual tiles in these blank locations. Light-emitting elements can be individually positioned on the panel 5. Figure 8 Another embodiment of the display device is shown. Figure 8 Involving Figure 3 Examples of implementations. In Figure 8 In this configuration, light-emitting elements can be positioned in groups on panel 5. As depicted, at least two adjacent light-emitting elements 10 are located on substrate 24. In other words, a group (or series) of light-emitting elements 10 are supported by substrate 24. This forms a multi-aperture component 26. Multi-aperture component 26 is a single component containing multiple addressable light-emitting elements. The light-emitting elements 10 of multi-aperture component 26 can be controlled independently of each other. Another advantage is that the size of the light-emitting elements can be reduced. This results in a reduction in the aperture size Δ associated with each light-emitting element of multi-aperture component 26. The aperture size Δ associated with a corresponding light-emitting element of multi-aperture component 26 can be less than 10 μm, for example, 8 μm (but larger and other sizes are also possible). This allows more space under the lens with inactive pixels to be used to create additional functions (such as gaps for cutting, sensors, as described above). Moreover, multi-aperture component 26 can be provided in association with local optical components as lens 21. Multi-aperture component and lens 21 form a module. This module facilitates the manufacture of the display device. Alternatively, the multi-aperture component 26 is provided independently of any associated lens 21. This also simplifies the manufacture of the display device. Figure 8 Involving Figure 3 This is one embodiment, but it applies to any embodiment, as long as at least two pixels 10 are adjacent. The multi-aperture component 26 allows for adjustment of the optimal viewing distance.

[0155] At least two adjacent light-emitting elements 10 have corresponding light-emitting apertures, thereby forming a set of apertures. The minimum distance between their centers along direction D is substantially equal to the size Δ of each aperture 11, and the adjacent apertures 11 form an aperture group, which is spaced apart by a distance greater than the size Δ along direction D.

[0156] use Figure 8 Such a display device 1 can, for example, have a filled viewing cone at a viewing distance of 2700mm. The following parameters are obtained: refractive index equal to 1.64, Δ = 0.008mm, viewing distance of 3500mm, VCW parameter equal to 65mm, and lens thickness 20 equal to 0.706mm.

[0157] Display device 1 can be based on a fixed format and fixed aspect ratio type. Alternatively, display device 1 can be based on panel 5 having multiple smaller pixel boards or sub-boards. (See also...) Figure 6 and Figure 7 As depicted, to maintain the pixel arrangement between sub-boards, the sub-boards have a gap 28. The gap 28 of the sub-boards does not contain any active pixels (or rather, the gap 28 contains inactive pixels). The gap 28 also cannot be centered in a "functional" view. Having the gap 28 also allows for some "tolerance correction" from sub-board to sub-board to keep the image as smooth as possible. The gap 28 is positioned relative to a lens 21a ("blind" lens) facing the inactive pixels. Depending on the number of views, the sub-board size may vary related to the position of the "blind" lens 21a. This facilitates the manufacture of display devices.

[0158] The display device 1 of the present invention can be described as follows. The display device 1 has a lens sheet 20 facing a panel 5. The lens sheet 20 includes an array of lenses 21 facing the panel 5, which includes a plurality of light-emitting elements 10. Each lens 21 faces the light-emitting elements 10 in N possible positions. The lenses 21 form groups of at least two lenses 21. The lens groups face a total of N light-emitting elements 10 in N possible positions. Alternatively, the N light-emitting elements 10 are distributed within a given lens group to fill the N possible positions, or the light-emitting elements 10 under each lens group are positioned such that all N possible positions relative to the lens pitch are filled, or the light-emitting elements are positioned in every N positions relative to the nearest left lens edge within the lens group. Thus, in the display device, the lenses are divided into multiple groups of P lenses (P is at least 2). The advantage is that it is not necessary to have N light-emitting elements under each lens 21, but rather much fewer. It is possible that the lens groups can be repeated throughout the display device. Possibly, each lens 21 in the lens group faces at least one location without a light-emitting element 10. Possibly, at least one lens in the lens group faces only N locations without light-emitting elements. Possibly, the light-emitting element has a light-emitting aperture of size Δ along a direction D, and the lens 21 is defined by a lens pitch LP along the same direction D, the lens pitch LP being a multiple greater than 1 of the size Δ of the aperture 11. Possibly, the ratio of the sum of the apertures along direction D to the size P * lens pitch can have any value between [0,1]. Possibly, the ratio of the total area Δ of the pixel apertures to the panel area can have any value in the range [0,1]. Other features and related advantages previously described also apply here. The advantages of the display device previously mentioned also apply here. It is worth noting that this allows light-emitting elements that produce different views to be shared among multiple lenses, rather than typically having all light-emitting elements for all views under a single lens.

[0159] The present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, which are purely illustrative and should not be considered limiting. Those skilled in the art will note that the invention is not limited to the examples illustrated and / or described above. For example, the lens may be tilted, i.e., it may be rotated at small angles (e.g., around 10°). The invention includes each of the technical features described in this document and combinations thereof.

Claims

1. A display device (1), comprising: • Panel (5), which includes a plurality of light-emitting elements (10), each light-emitting element having a light-emitting aperture (11) of size Δ along a direction D; and • A lens sheet (20) facing the panel (5), the lens sheet (20) comprising an array of lenses (21) defined by a lens pitch LP along the same direction D, the lens pitch LP being a multiple of the aperture (11) dimension Δ that is greater than 1. Each lens (21) faces N regions (51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, etc.) of the panel (5), and these N regions (51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, etc.) correspond to N different possible views of the display device (1) along direction D, where the number N is greater than 1. The lens sheet faces at least two regions corresponding to the aperture position, and wherein For at least one lens (21), some of the regions (51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, etc.) of the panel (5) facing it along the direction D' perpendicular to the direction D have no aperture (11), wherein the regions without aperture follow a periodic pattern or are uniformly distributed along the direction D.

2. The display device (1) according to claim 1, wherein, For each lens (21) of the lens sheet (20), some regions (51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, etc.) of the panel (5) facing each lens (21) have no aperture (11) along the direction D' of the panel, wherein the regions without any aperture follow a periodic pattern or are uniformly distributed along the direction D.

3. The display device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, For at least one lens (21a), there is no aperture (11) in any region (51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, etc.) along the direction D' of the panel (5).

4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, The lens pitch LP is between 1 μm and 2000 μm, preferably between 80 μm and 1200 μm, and more preferably between 160 μm and 600 μm.

5. The display device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, N is the ratio of LP to Δ, rounded to the nearest integer.

6. The display device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Each of the N regions of the panel (5) has an extension of approximately Δ along the direction D, or each of the N regions of the panel has an extension of Δ along the direction D.

7. The display device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, N is between 2 and 200.

8. The display device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Some light-emitting elements (10) are adjacent to each other, and at least two adjacent light-emitting elements (1) are located on the substrate (24).

9. The display device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The distance between the centers of each aperture (11) along the direction D is greater than the dimension Δ of each aperture (11) along the direction D.

10. The display device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Some apertures (11) are adjacent to each other such that the minimum distance between their centers along the direction D is substantially equal to the size Δ of each aperture (11), the adjacent apertures (11) forming an aperture group, the aperture group being separated along the direction D by a distance greater than the size Δ.

11. The display device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The entire space of the panel (5) facing a lens (21) has no aperture (11).

12. The display device (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein, The entire space without any aperture (11) includes a camera and / or sensor and / or electrode and / or LED driver.

13. The display device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Each lens (21) faces at most one aperture (11).

14. The display device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The aperture (11) is separated by a constant pixel pitch pp that is greater than the lens pitch LP.

15. The display device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The light-emitting element is a solid-state light-emitting element, selected from light-emitting diodes (LEDs), OLEDs, quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs), EL-QLEDs, AMOLEDs, mini LEDs, and micro LEDs.

16. The display device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The array of the lens plates (20) relative to the lens (21) is either asymmetrical or symmetrical.

17. The display device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The display device (2) is a low aperture ratio display device.

18. The display device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The thickness d of the lens (20) is equal to d = n.Δ.L / VCW, where -n is the refractive index of the lens material of lens (20). -L is the observation distance. -VCW is the cone width at the observer's position.

19. The display device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Lenses from multiple groups of at least P lenses, P≥2, N light-emitting elements are distributed on a group of P lenses, such that the lens group faces a total of N light-emitting elements in N possible positions (10), and wherein the arrangement of the N light-emitting elements under the group of P lenses forms a first structure.

20. The display device (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein, The lens group forms a periodic pattern.

21. The display device (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein, The periodicity of the lens group is related to a row of light-emitting elements or a group of light-emitting element rows.

22. The display device according to any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein, For at least one of the P lenses, all regions (51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, etc.) of the panel (5) along direction D' have no aperture (11).

23. The display device according to claim 22, wherein, P ≥ N or where P > N.

24. The display device (1) according to claim 23, wherein, The first structure is copied in consecutive rows to provide P fill rows.

25. The display device (1) according to any one of claims 19 to 24, wherein, The first structure is copied in consecutive columns.

26. The display device (1) according to any one of claims 19 to 25, wherein, The second structure is produced by replicating the first structure in consecutive rows by arranging or rearranging the light-emitting elements in the first structure in consecutive rows to provide P fill rows.

27. The display device (1) according to any one of claims 19 to 25, wherein, A second structure is provided by arranging or rearranging the light-emitting elements of the first structure in consecutive columns to replicate the first structure.

28. The display device (1) according to claims 26 and 27, wherein, A third structure is provided by arranging or rearranging the light-emitting elements of the second structure to repeat the second structure in consecutive rows and / or columns.

29. The display device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The light-emitting elements are arranged in rows and columns to ensure a substantially constant spacing between them, or a spacing adapted to the aperture ratio provided by the display.

30. A method for manufacturing a display device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps: - Provide a panel (5) including a plurality of light-emitting elements (10), the panel (5) including an aperture (11) of size Δ along direction D, the light-emitting elements (10) being able to emit light through the aperture (11); - Provide a lens sheet (20) comprising a plurality of lenses (21), each lens (21) having a lens pitch LP, the width LP being a multiple of the dimension Δ greater than 1; as well as - The lens (20) is positioned such that it faces the panel (5), and each lens (21) faces N regions (51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, etc.) of the panel (5), the N regions (51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, etc.) corresponding to N different possible views of the display device (1), the number N being greater than 1, the lens facing at least two regions corresponding to the aperture position, and wherein For at least one lens (21), some of the regions (51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, etc.) of the panel (5) along the direction D' perpendicular to the direction D have no aperture (11), wherein the regions without aperture follow a periodic pattern or are uniformly distributed along the direction D.

31. The method according to the preceding claim, wherein, N is the ratio of LP to Δ, rounded to the nearest integer.

32. The method according to any one of the preceding two claims, wherein, The thickness d of the lens (20) is equal to d = n.Δ.L / VCW, where -n is the refractive index of the lens material of lens (20). -L is the observation distance. -VCW is the cone width at the observer's position.

33. The method according to any one of the preceding three claims, wherein, The panel (5) comprises tiles assembled together.

34. The method according to any one of the preceding four claims, wherein, The lens is derived from at least two lenses from multiple groups, and N light-emitting elements are distributed on one group of lenses, such that the lens group faces a total of N light-emitting elements in N possible positions (10).

35. The method according to the preceding claim, wherein, The lens group forms a periodic pattern.

36. The method according to the preceding claim, wherein, The periodicity of the lens group is related to a row of light-emitting elements or a group of light-emitting element rows.

37. A panel (5) for use in a display device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 29, wherein, The panel comprises tiles assembled together.

38. The panel (5) according to claim 37, used in a display device, wherein, The panel includes at least one set of identical tiles, or multiple sets of identical tiles.

39. A block for use in a panel as described in claim 37 or 38, wherein, Each of the blocks in a set includes at least a first row of N light-emitting elements, the N light-emitting elements being configured to be distributed on a set of P lenses such that the lens group faces a total of N light-emitting elements (10) at N possible positions, and wherein the arrangement of the N light-emitting elements under the P lens group forms a first structure.

40. The block according to claim 39, wherein, The light-emitting element is configured to provide at least one of P lenses, wherein all regions (51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, etc.) of the at least one lens along the direction D' of the panel (5) have no aperture (11).

41. The block according to any one of claims 39 or 40, wherein, P ≥ N or where P > N.

42. The block according to claim 41, wherein, The first structure is copied in consecutive rows to provide P fill rows.

43. The block according to any one of claims 39 to 42, wherein, The first structure is copied in consecutive columns.

44. The block according to any one of claims 39 to 43, wherein, The first structure is replicated in consecutive rows by arranging or rearranging the light-emitting elements in the first structure to provide P fill rows, thereby producing a second structure.

45. The block according to any one of claims 39 to 44, wherein, The first structure is replicated in consecutive columns by arranging or rearranging the light-emitting elements of the first structure in consecutive columns.

46. ​​The block according to claims 44 and 45, wherein, A third structure is generated by repeating the second structure in consecutive rows and / or columns by arranging or rearranging the light-emitting elements of the second structure.

47. The block according to claim 46, wherein, The arrangement of the block structures includes at least one of a second block structure, a third block structure, or a plurality of block structures arranged or rearranged to define a set of identical blocks.

48. The block according to any one of claims 39 to 47, wherein, The light-emitting elements are arranged in rows and columns to ensure a substantially constant spacing between them, or a spacing adapted to the aperture ratio provided by the display.

49. The block according to any one of claims 39 to 48, wherein, An absorbent layer is provided at the edge of the block.

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