Miniaturized cold Rydberg atom antenna device and noise two-mode suppression method

Abstract

The application provides a miniaturized cold Rydberg atom antenna device and a noise double-mode suppression method, relates to the technical field of quantum information, and vacuum compatible integrated atom source modules maintain the vacuum degree of a glass vacuum cavity through outgassing sheets and getter sheets; a low-temperature magnetic optical trap can cool atomic gas and gather the cold atomic gas into an F-P cavity; a Rydberg atom detection module can use coupling light to excite atoms to a Rydberg state, use detection light to detect information when cold Rydberg state atoms are split by EIT-AT after a microwave electric field is applied, and generate a main detection signal; an F-P cavity fluorescence suppression module can collect fluorescence emitted by cold Rydberg state atoms and generate a fluorescence noise signal; and a signal processing module can eliminate fluorescence noise based on the main detection signal and the fluorescence noise signal. Through the above mode, the problems that a Rydberg atom antenna device based on cold atoms is large in size and difficult to suppress fluorescence noise are solved, and the detection performance of the device can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of quantum information technology, and in particular to a miniaturized cold Rydberg atom antenna device and a method for noise dual-mode suppression. Background Technology

[0002] Atoms excited to the Rydberg state, known as Rydberg atoms, are highly excited atoms with a large principal quantum number. Because Rydberg atoms are extremely sensitive to external microwave electric fields, they can be used as Rydberg atom antennas to detect these fields. Rydberg atom antennas, due to their high sensitivity, small size, and wide spectral coverage, are now widely used in microwave sensing. In practical applications, to improve detection accuracy, it is necessary to suppress multi-source noise from the optical path and atomic interactions, and to enhance the detected microwave signal. The noise introduced by the inherent characteristics of Rydberg atoms mainly includes Doppler noise caused by atomic thermal motion and fluorescence noise generated by the self-radiation of Rydberg atoms. Suppressing these two types of noise is difficult and severely limits the improvement of the detection sensitivity of Rydberg atom antenna devices.

[0003] To address Doppler noise caused by atomic thermal motion, some related technologies employ cooling devices to cool Rydberg atoms, thereby suppressing atomic thermal motion and reducing the Doppler noise it generates. However, such cooling devices typically rely on large vacuum pump units and complex atomic sources, resulting in Rydberg atom antenna devices being too large overall, making them unsuitable for outdoor mobile deployment.

[0004] Traditional noise suppression methods, such as filtering and shielding, can only suppress laser noise, and thus have limited effectiveness in suppressing wavelength-specific fluorescence noise generated by atomic self-radiation. This results in difficulties in suppressing fluorescence noise in Rydberg atom antenna devices, which restricts their detection performance.

[0005] In summary, existing Rydberg atomic antenna devices based on cold atoms suffer from problems such as large size and difficulty in suppressing fluorescence noise, making it difficult to meet the needs of outdoor mobile deployment, and their detection performance is poor. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a miniaturized cold Rydberg atom antenna device and a dual-mode noise suppression method to solve the problems of large size, difficulty in suppressing fluorescence noise, and poor detection performance of existing cold atom-based Rydberg atom antenna devices.

[0007] This invention provides a miniaturized cold Rydberg atom antenna device, comprising: a vacuum-compatible integrated atom source module, a low-temperature magneto-optical trap module, a FP cavity fluorescence suppression module, a Rydberg atom detection module, and a signal processing module; the vacuum-compatible integrated atom source module includes a glass vacuum cavity, a gas release plate, and a getter plate, the gas release plate and the getter plate being disposed within the glass vacuum cavity; the FP cavity fluorescence suppression module includes an FP cavity and a fluorescence acquisition module, the FP cavity being disposed inside the glass vacuum cavity, and the fluorescence acquisition module being disposed at one end of the FP cavity; the low-temperature magneto-optical trap module, the Rydberg atom detection module, and the signal processing module being disposed outside the glass vacuum cavity; wherein, the gas release plate is used to release atomic gas within the glass vacuum cavity; the getter plate is used to adsorb some atoms in the atomic gas, so that the vacuum degree inside the glass vacuum cavity is less than or equal to a preset vacuum degree threshold and the concentration of the atomic gas is within a preset concentration threshold range; the low-temperature magneto-optical trap module, ... The optical trap module cools the atomic gas to a preset temperature threshold to obtain cold atomic gas, which is then focused into the FP cavity. The Rydberg atom detection module generates coupling and probe light. The optical axis of the FP cavity is perpendicular to the propagation direction of the probe light, while the propagation direction of the coupling light is opposite to that of the probe light. The coupling light excites the atoms in the cold atomic gas to the Rydberg state, obtaining a cloud of cold Rydberg atoms. After applying a microwave electric field to the cloud of cold Rydberg atoms in the glass vacuum cavity, the probe light scans the cloud to obtain information about the EIT-AT splitting of the cold Rydberg atoms, generating a main detection signal. The FP cavity collects the fluorescence generated by the cold Rydberg atoms into the fluorescence acquisition module. The fluorescence acquisition module generates a fluorescence noise signal. The signal processing module eliminates the fluorescence noise generated by the cold Rydberg atoms based on the main detection signal and the fluorescence noise signal.

[0008] According to the present invention, a miniaturized cold Rydberg atomic antenna device is provided, wherein the low-temperature magneto-optical trap module includes a laser submodule and a magnetic field submodule. The laser submodule includes a laser, and the magnetic field submodule includes an energized coil, which is disposed around the outside of a glass vacuum cavity. The laser submodule is used to generate a cooling laser, which is used to irradiate atomic gas to cool the temperature of the atomic gas to a preset temperature threshold, thereby obtaining cold atomic gas. The energized coil is used to generate a gradient magnetic field, which is used to concentrate the cold atomic gas into the FP cavity.

[0009] According to the present invention, a miniaturized cold Rydberg atomic antenna device is provided in which the wavelength of the cooling laser is the same as the wavelength of the cooling transition of atoms in the atomic gas.

[0010] The miniaturized cold Rydberg atom antenna device provided by the present invention further includes a first photodetector, which is connected to a signal processing module; wherein, after the cold Rydberg atom undergoes EIT-AT splitting, the first photodetector is used to convert the probe light carrying AT splitting information and first fluorescence noise information into a main probe signal.

[0011] According to the present invention, a miniaturized cold Rydberg atom antenna device includes a fluorescence collection module comprising a fluorescence collection optical path and a second photodetector arranged in sequence. The fluorescence collection optical path includes a filter and a focusing lens group arranged in sequence. The fluorescence collection optical path is used to couple the fluorescence generated by the cold Rydberg atom through the filter and the focusing lens group to the second photodetector in sequence. The second photodetector is used to convert the fluorescence into a fluorescence noise signal.

[0012] According to the present invention, a miniaturized cold Rydberg atomic antenna device is provided in which the center wavelength of the filter is the same as the wavelength of fluorescence.

[0013] According to the present invention, a miniaturized cold Rydberg atom antenna device is provided, wherein the main detection signal carries AT splitting information and first fluorescence noise information, the fluorescence noise signal carries second fluorescence noise information, and the signal processing module includes a differential amplifier circuit and an integrated processor; wherein the differential amplifier circuit is used to perform differential operation on the main detection signal and the fluorescence noise signal to eliminate the first fluorescence noise information and the second fluorescence noise information and generate a differential signal; the integrated processor is used to perform signal processing on the differential signal based on the signal processing algorithm to eliminate the fluorescence noise generated by the cold Rydberg atom.

[0014] According to the present invention, a miniaturized cold Rydberg atomic antenna device is provided, wherein the coupling light and the probe light are optical signals that are Zeeman modulated and frequency-locked to the atomic energy level of the atom.

[0015] According to the present invention, a miniaturized cold Rydberg atomic antenna device is provided, wherein the FP cavity includes two parallel reflectors, which are respectively fixed to the inner walls of the two sides of the glass vacuum cavity.

[0016] This invention also provides a noise dual-mode suppression method using any of the miniaturized cold Rydberg atom antenna devices described above. The noise dual-mode suppression method includes: based on a low-temperature magneto-optical trap module, cooling the atomic gas to a preset temperature threshold to generate cold atomic gas, and focusing the cold atomic gas into an FP cavity; based on a Rydberg atom detection module, generating coupling light and probe light; using the coupling light to scan the cold atomic gas, exciting the atoms in the cold atomic gas to Rydberg states, generating a cold Rydberg atom cloud; after applying a microwave electric field to the cold Rydberg atom cloud in a glass vacuum cavity, using the probe light to scan the cold Rydberg atom cloud to obtain information on the EIT-AT splitting of the cold Rydberg atom, generating a main detection signal; collecting the fluorescence generated by the cold Rydberg atom through the FP cavity to a fluorescence acquisition module, so that the fluorescence acquisition module generates a fluorescence noise signal; and based on a signal processing module, performing signal processing on the main detection signal and the fluorescence noise signal to eliminate the fluorescence noise generated by the cold Rydberg atom.

[0017] This invention provides a miniaturized cold Rydberg atomic antenna device and a noise dual-mode suppression method. The Rydberg atomic antenna device integrates a vacuum-compatible integrated atomic source module, a low-temperature magneto-optical trap module, an FP cavity fluorescence suppression module, a Rydberg atomic detection module, and a signal processing module. The vacuum-compatible integrated atomic source module includes a glass vacuum cavity, a gas release plate, and a getter plate. The gas release plate releases atomic gas within the glass vacuum cavity, and the getter plate adsorbs some atoms from the atomic gas, ensuring that the internal vacuum level of the glass vacuum cavity is less than or equal to a preset vacuum level threshold and the concentration of the atomic gas is within a preset concentration threshold range. Because the glass vacuum cavity, gas release plate, and getter plate are all miniaturized components, this integrated design eliminates the need for... The ability to maintain a large vacuum within the glass cavity long-term, relying on a large vacuum pump assembly, facilitates the miniaturization of the Rydberg atomic antenna device. This solves the problem of the large size of cold atom-based Rydberg atomic antenna devices, improving their mobile deployment capabilities and meeting the requirements for outdoor mobile deployment. The FP cavity fluorescence suppression module includes an FP cavity and a fluorescence acquisition module. The FP cavity is located inside the glass vacuum cavity, and the fluorescence acquisition module is located at one end of the FP cavity. The low-temperature magneto-optical trap module, the Rydberg atom detection module, and the signal processing module are located outside the glass vacuum cavity. The low-temperature magneto-optical trap module is used to cool the atomic gas inside the glass vacuum cavity to a preset temperature threshold, obtaining... Cold atomic gas can suppress Doppler noise caused by atomic thermal motion, which is beneficial to improving the detection performance of Rydberg atom antenna devices. The Rydberg atom detection module is used to generate coupling and probe beams. The optical axis of the FP cavity is perpendicular to the propagation direction of the probe beam, while the propagation direction of the coupling beam is opposite to that of the probe beam. The coupling beam is used to excite the atoms in the cold atomic gas to the Rydberg state, generating a cold Rydberg atom cloud. Because the cold Rydberg atoms in the cold Rydberg atom cloud are extremely sensitive to external microwave electric fields, after applying a microwave electric field to the cold Rydberg atom cloud in the glass vacuum cavity, the probe beam can be used to scan the cold Rydberg atom cloud to obtain the EIT- (Excited Induction Transmission) state of the cold Rydberg atoms under the influence of the microwave electric field. The information from the AT split is used to generate the main detection signal. Simultaneously, the FP cavity can collect the fluorescence generated by the self-radiation of cold Rydberg atoms to the fluorescence acquisition module, which then generates a fluorescence noise signal based on the fluorescence. At this point, the signal processing module can eliminate the fluorescence noise generated by the cold Rydberg atoms based on the main detection signal and the fluorescence noise signal, thus solving the problem of difficult fluorescence noise suppression in Rydberg atom antenna devices. In addition, since this integrated design can simultaneously suppress Doppler noise and fluorescence noise in Rydberg atom antenna devices, it can further improve the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of Rydberg atom antenna devices for microwave electric field measurements, thereby further improving the detection performance of Rydberg atom antenna devices. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the miniaturized cold Reedberg atomic antenna device provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the miniaturized cold Reedberg atomic antenna device provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is the third schematic diagram of the miniaturized cold Reedberg atomic antenna device provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is one of the flowcharts of the noise dual-mode suppression method provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is the second schematic diagram of the noise dual-mode suppression method provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0025] Please see Figures 1 to 3 , Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the miniaturized cold Rydberg atomic antenna device provided by the present invention. Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the miniaturized cold Rydberg atomic antenna device provided by the present invention. Figure 3 This is the third schematic diagram of the miniaturized cold Reedberg atomic antenna device provided by the present invention.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the miniaturized cold Rydberg atom antenna device includes a vacuum-compatible integrated atom source module, a miniaturized low-temperature magneto-optical trap (MOT) module, an FP cavity fluorescence suppression module, a Rydberg atom detection module, and a signal processing module.

[0027] Specifically, Figure 2 Shows the optomechanical structure of the miniaturized Rydberg atom antenna device in the yz plane, Figure 3 Shows the optomechanical structure of the miniaturized Rydberg atom antenna device in the xz plane, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the vacuum-compatible integrated atom source module includes a glass vacuum chamber ( Figure 2 and Figure 3 the gray rectangles in), a degassing sheet, a getter sheet, and a glass electrical feedthrough interface. The degassing sheet and the getter sheet are partially disposed inside the glass vacuum chamber.

[0028] Among them, the parts of the degassing sheet and the getter sheet disposed inside the glass vacuum chamber contain chemical substances, and the chemical substances used for the degassing sheet and the getter sheet are different.

[0029] Optionally, the getter sheet is a non-evaporable getter sheet.

[0030] The F-P cavity fluorescence suppression module includes an F-P cavity ( Figure 2 the circular part in the middle of the gray rectangle and Figure 3 a pair of concave mirrors in the middle of the gray rectangle) and a fluorescence collection module. The F-P cavity is disposed inside the glass vacuum chamber, and the fluorescence collection module ( Figure 3 the filter, the lens, and PD2 in are components of the fluorescence collection module, and PD2 is the second photodetector) is disposed at one end of the F-P cavity.

[0031] The cryogenic magneto-optical trap module, the Rydberg atom detection module, and the signal processing module are disposed outside the glass vacuum chamber.

[0032] Among them, the vacuum-compatible integrated atom source module can be compatible with the optical path and structural requirements of the cryogenic magneto-optical trap module and the F-P (Fabry-Perot) cavity, and has the ability to maintain ultra-high vacuum for a long time without an external mechanical pump to achieve centimeter-scale miniaturization.

[0033] Specifically, the degassing sheet is used to release atomic gas in the glass vacuum chamber by using chemical substances. The atomic gas contains a large number of atoms. Since a large number of atoms will move spontaneously in the glass vacuum chamber, they will gradually and evenly distribute throughout the glass vacuum chamber; while the getter sheet is used to use other chemical substances with adsorption properties to adsorb some atoms in the atomic gas, so that the internal vacuum degree of the glass vacuum chamber is less than or equal to the preset vacuum degree threshold, and the concentration of the atomic gas in the glass vacuum chamber is within the preset concentration threshold range, ensuring the dynamic balance of the atomic gas concentration.

[0034] Optionally, the preset vacuum degree threshold is Torr; the degassing sheet and the getter sheet can maintain the internal vacuum degree of the glass vacuum chamber at Torr or at Below Torr, meaning the internal vacuum level of the glass vacuum cavity is less than or equal to... Torr.

[0035] It should be noted here that, in existing technologies, maintaining a low level of vacuum inside a glass vacuum chamber (e.g.) For devices with a displacement of less than Torr, a large vacuum pump assembly is required to periodically extract atoms from the glass vacuum chamber, which would undoubtedly increase the size of the Rydberg atomic antenna device. This application, however, utilizes a miniaturized gas release plate to release atomic gas into the glass vacuum chamber. Simultaneously, to prevent excessive release of atomic gas from the release plate from causing an increase in the internal vacuum level of the glass vacuum chamber, this application also includes a miniaturized getter plate. The getter plate uses a chemical substance with adsorption properties to adsorb excess atomic gas within the glass vacuum chamber, thereby maintaining the internal vacuum level of the glass vacuum chamber within a range less than or equal to a preset vacuum threshold. This integrated design achieves an internal vacuum within the glass chamber without relying on a large vacuum pump assembly, which facilitates the miniaturization of the Rydberg atomic antenna device, solves the problem of large size in cold atom-based Rydberg atomic antenna devices, improves the mobile deployment capability of the Rydberg atomic antenna device, and meets the needs of outdoor mobile deployment.

[0036] Furthermore, the vacuum-compatible integrated atomic source module can serve as the atomic gas chamber of the low-temperature magneto-optical trap module. After a large number of atoms in the atomic gas are gradually and uniformly distributed throughout the glass vacuum cavity, the low-temperature magneto-optical trap module located outside the glass vacuum cavity is used to cool the temperature of the atomic gas to a preset temperature threshold by cooling laser to obtain cold atomic gas. The cold atomic gas is then gathered (i.e. trapped) into the FP cavity located inside the glass vacuum cavity by gradient magnetic field.

[0037] It should be noted that, since the low-temperature magneto-optical trap module has cooled the temperature of the atomic gas in the glass vacuum cavity to a preset temperature threshold, and uses a gradient magnetic field to gather (i.e. trap) the cold atomic gas into the FP cavity located inside the glass vacuum cavity, the thermal motion of atoms in the glass vacuum cavity is suppressed to a certain extent, thereby suppressing the Doppler noise caused by the thermal motion of atoms, which is beneficial to improving the detection performance of the Rydberg atomic antenna device.

[0038] Optionally, the preset temperature threshold is on the order of μK (micro Kelvin, a unit of temperature).

[0039] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the Rydberg atom detection module, located outside the glass vacuum cavity, is used to generate coupling light and probe light. The optical axis of the FP cavity is perpendicular to the propagation direction of the probe light, while the propagation direction of the coupling light is opposite to that of the probe light.

[0040] After the cryogenic magneto-optical trap module has cooled the atomic gas within the glass vacuum cavity to a preset temperature threshold and confined the cold atomic gas within the FP cavity, the cryogenic magneto-optical trap module can be turned off. At this point, coupling light is used to irradiate and scan the cold atomic gas accumulated within the FP cavity, exciting a large number of atoms in the cold atomic gas to Rydberg states, generating a cold Rydberg state atomic cloud. The cold Rydberg state atoms in the cold Rydberg state atomic cloud are extremely sensitive to external microwave electric fields, and therefore can be used as a Rydberg atom antenna to detect external microwave electric fields.

[0041] It should be noted that, based on the Rydberg electromagnetic induction transparency (EIT) principle, after a cloud of cold Rydberg state atoms is excited using coupled light, it can be transmitted via a radio frequency device (RF device). Figure 2 When a microwave electric field is applied to a cloud of cold Rydberg atoms in a glass vacuum cavity by an RF (Radio Frequency) device, a large number of cold Rydberg atoms in the FP cavity will undergo EIT-AT splitting (i.e., Autler-Townes splitting) due to the influence of the microwave electric field, resulting in a change in the observed EIT spectrum of the cold Rydberg atoms.

[0042] Based on the above principle, after applying a microwave electric field to the cold Rydberg state atomic cloud in the glass vacuum cavity, the probe light can be used to scan the cold Rydberg state atomic cloud to detect and obtain information on the EIT-AT splitting of the cold Rydberg state atoms, and generate the main probe signal.

[0043] Optionally, both the probe light and the coupling light are optical signals that have been Zeeman modulated and frequency-locked to the atomic energy level of the atom.

[0044] Specifically, techniques such as Zeeman modulation can be used to lock the probe light and coupling light onto the atomic transition energy level of the target atom (i.e., the atom used in the atomic gas), and an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) can be used to scan the frequency of the probe light and / or coupling light to ensure the frequency stability of the probe light and coupling light.

[0045] Meanwhile, after the cold Rydberg state atomic cloud is excited using coupled light, the spontaneous emission of a large number of cold Rydberg state atoms in the cloud will inevitably cause fluorescence generated by the spontaneous emission of cold Rydberg state atoms within the FP cavity. At this time, the FP cavity is used to collect the fluorescence generated by the cold Rydberg state atoms to the fluorescence acquisition module, and the fluorescence acquisition module generates a fluorescence noise signal of the fluorescence.

[0046] Furthermore, the main detection signal and fluorescence noise signal will be transmitted to the signal processing module, which uses differential circuits and signal processing techniques based on the main detection signal and fluorescence noise signal to eliminate fluorescence noise generated by cold Rydberg atoms.

[0047] The miniaturized cold Rydberg atomic antenna device provided in this embodiment integrates a vacuum-compatible integrated atomic source module, a low-temperature magneto-optical trap module, an FP cavity fluorescence suppression module, a Rydberg atomic detection module, and a signal processing module. The vacuum-compatible integrated atomic source module includes a glass vacuum cavity, a gas release plate, and a getter plate. The gas release plate releases atomic gas within the glass vacuum cavity, and the getter plate adsorbs some atoms from the atomic gas, ensuring that the internal vacuum level of the glass vacuum cavity is less than or equal to a preset vacuum level threshold and the concentration of the atomic gas is within a preset concentration threshold range. Since the glass vacuum cavity, gas release plate, and getter plate are all miniaturized components, this integrated design does not rely on a bulky... The vacuum pump assembly can maintain the internal vacuum of the glass cavity for a long time, which is beneficial for the miniaturization of the Rydberg atomic antenna device and solves the problem of large size of cold atom-based Rydberg atomic antenna devices. This also improves the mobile deployment capability of the Rydberg atomic antenna device, meeting the requirements for outdoor mobile deployment. The FP cavity fluorescence suppression module includes an FP cavity and a fluorescence acquisition module. The FP cavity is located inside the glass vacuum cavity, and the fluorescence acquisition module is located at one end of the FP cavity. The low-temperature magneto-optical trap module, the Rydberg atom detection module, and the signal processing module are located outside the glass vacuum cavity. The low-temperature magneto-optical trap module is used to cool the atomic gas inside the glass vacuum cavity to a preset temperature threshold, obtaining cold atomic gas. The FP cavity can suppress Doppler noise caused by atomic thermal motion, which is beneficial to improving the detection performance of the Rydberg atom antenna device. The Rydberg atom detection module is used to generate coupling light and probe light. The optical axis of the FP cavity is perpendicular to the propagation direction of the probe light, while the propagation direction of the coupling light is opposite to that of the probe light. The coupling light is used to excite atoms in the cold atomic gas to the Rydberg state, generating a cold Rydberg atom cloud. Since the cold Rydberg atoms in the cold Rydberg atom cloud are extremely sensitive to external microwave electric fields, after applying a microwave electric field to the cold Rydberg atom cloud in the glass vacuum cavity, the probe light can be used to scan the cold Rydberg atom cloud to obtain the EIT-AT reaction of the cold Rydberg atoms under the action of the microwave electric field. The information generated during the split is used to generate the main detection signal. Simultaneously, the FP cavity can collect the fluorescence generated by the self-radiation of the cold Rydberg atoms to the fluorescence acquisition module, which then generates a fluorescence noise signal based on the fluorescence. At this point, the signal processing module can eliminate the fluorescence noise generated by the cold Rydberg atoms based on the main detection signal and the fluorescence noise signal, thus solving the problem of difficult fluorescence noise suppression in Rydberg atom antenna devices. In addition, since this integrated design can simultaneously suppress Doppler noise and fluorescence noise in Rydberg atom antenna devices, it can further improve the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of Rydberg atom antenna devices for microwave electric field measurements, thereby further improving the detection performance of Rydberg atom antenna devices.

[0048] In some embodiments, the cryogenic magneto-optical trap module includes a laser submodule and a magnetic field submodule. The laser submodule includes a laser, and the magnetic field submodule includes an energized coil that is disposed around the outside of the glass vacuum cavity. The laser submodule is used to generate a cooling laser, which is used to irradiate the atomic gas to cool the temperature of the atomic gas to a preset temperature threshold, thereby obtaining cold atomic gas. The energized coil is used to generate a gradient magnetic field, which is used to concentrate the atomic gas into the FP cavity.

[0049] Specifically, the cryogenic magneto-optical trap module includes a laser submodule and a magnetic field submodule.

[0050] The laser submodule includes a single laser that generates a cooling laser. When the cooling laser irradiates the atomic gas, it can cool the temperature of the atomic gas to a preset temperature threshold, thereby obtaining a cold atomic gas.

[0051] Specifically, the laser's output beam can be split into four cooled beams by a beam splitter, with some of the cooled beams serving as feedback paths. The feedback paths are locked to the transition frequency of the target atom (i.e., the atom used in the atomic gas) via a saturated absorption spectrum. The laser can also generate repump light through frequency shifting. After the repump light is combined with the main laser beam, they can collectively form… Figure 3 The system consists of four MOT beams (i.e., the final cooling laser). The cooling laser output from the laser will pass directly through the glass vacuum cavity and irradiate the atomic gas inside the glass vacuum cavity, thereby cooling the atomic gas to a preset temperature threshold and achieving the purpose of atomic cooling.

[0052] Optionally, the preset temperature threshold is on the order of μK (micro Kelvin, a unit of temperature).

[0053] Please continue reading. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The magnetic field submodule includes an energized coil, an energized coil ( Figure 2 and Figure 3 The orange rectangle (in the image) is arranged around the outside of the glass vacuum cavity, and the current in the energized coil is directed as follows: Figure 2 and Figure 3 As indicated by the black arrow on the orange rectangle.

[0054] According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, an energized coil can generate a gradient magnetic field and a uniform magnetic field. Since the energized coil is arranged around the outside of the glass vacuum cavity, the gradient magnetic field it generates can directly affect the atoms inside the glass vacuum cavity. By adjusting the magnitude or intensity of the current in the energized coil, the cold atomic gas inside the glass vacuum cavity can be trapped in the FP cavity, and the uniform magnetic field provides the quantized axis for the atoms.

[0055] The miniaturized cold Rydberg atomic antenna device provided in this embodiment integrates a miniaturized low-temperature magneto-optical trap module. The low-temperature magneto-optical trap module cools and confines atomic gas to the μK level through cooling laser and gradient magnetic field, which can effectively suppress Doppler noise caused by atomic thermal motion.

[0056] In some embodiments, the wavelength of the cooling laser is the same as the wavelength of the cooling transition of atoms in the atomic gas.

[0057] Optionally, the atoms in the atomic gas are alkali metal atoms or alkaline earth metal atoms.

[0058] In some embodiments, a first photodetector is further included, which is connected to a signal processing module; wherein, after the cold Rydberg atom undergoes EIT-AT splitting, the first photodetector is used to convert the probe light carrying AT splitting information and first fluorescence noise information into a main probe signal.

[0059] like Figure 2 As shown, the miniaturized Rydberg atomic antenna device also includes a first photodetector (PD1), which is connected to the signal processing module.

[0060] Specifically, after cooling and confining the atomic gas within the FP cavity using a cryogenic magneto-optical trap module via a cooling laser and a gradient magnetic field, a miniaturized Rydberg atom detection module generates coupling light. This coupling light is used to irradiate and scan the cold atomic gas accumulated within the FP cavity, exciting a large number of atoms in the gas to Rydberg states, generating a cloud of cold Rydberg atoms. At this point, a microwave electric field can be applied to the cloud of cold Rydberg atoms within the glass vacuum cavity via a radio frequency device. Due to the influence of the microwave electric field, the large number of cold Rydberg atoms within the FP cavity undergo EIT-AT splitting (i.e., Autler-Townes splitting), resulting in a change in the observed EIT spectrum of the cold Rydberg atoms.

[0061] like Figure 2 As shown, after applying a microwave electric field to the cold Rydberg atom cloud in the glass vacuum cavity to induce EIT-AT splitting of the cold Rydberg atom, the miniaturized Rydberg atom detection module can further generate probe light. The probe light is used to scan the cold Rydberg atom cloud in the FP cavity to detect and acquire information on the EIT-AT splitting of the cold Rydberg atom. When the probe light completes the scan of the cold Rydberg atom cloud and passes through the glass vacuum cavity, the probe light will carry the AT splitting information of the cold Rydberg atom in the cold Rydberg atom cloud and the first fluorescence noise information to be suppressed. Since the probe light is still an optical signal at this time, it will be transmitted to the first photodetector by means of lens reflection for the convenience of subsequent signal processing.

[0062] Furthermore, the first photodetector can convert the detector light carrying AT splitting information and first fluorescence noise information into a main detection signal, which is an electrical signal.

[0063] Furthermore, the first photodetector can send the main detection signal to the signal processing module.

[0064] In some embodiments, the fluorescence acquisition module includes a fluorescence collection optical path and a second photodetector arranged in sequence. The fluorescence collection optical path includes a filter and a focusing lens group arranged in sequence. The fluorescence collection optical path is used to couple the fluorescence generated by cold Rydberg atoms to the second photodetector in sequence through the filter and the focusing lens group. The second photodetector is used to convert the fluorescence into a fluorescence noise signal.

[0065] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the FP cavity fluorescence suppression module includes a fluorescence acquisition module and at least one FP cavity. The fluorescence acquisition module includes a fluorescence collection optical path and a second photodetector (PD2) arranged sequentially. Since the optical axis of the FP cavity is strictly perpendicular (i.e., orthogonal) to the propagation direction of the probe light in the Rydberg atom detection module, the FP cavity fluorescence suppression module can also be called an orthogonal FP cavity fluorescence suppression module.

[0066] Optionally, the FP cavity can be directly fixed to the PZT (Piezoelectric Transducer, used to adjust the cavity length) by vacuum adhesive bonding, and then bonded to the inner wall of the glass vacuum cavity, ensuring that the two structures are compact and avoiding obstruction of the main detection optical path (i.e., the detection light) and other optical paths (such as coupling light or MOT light).

[0067] Optionally, the FP cavity has high reflectivity for the fluorescence wavelengths generated by the spontaneous emission of the atoms it collects.

[0068] Optionally, the free spectral region (FSR) and mirror coating within the FP cavity can be optimized for the fluorescence wavelength of the target atom, exhibiting high precision.

[0069] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the fluorescence collection optical path is set at the output end of the FP cavity. The fluorescence collection optical path includes a filter, a focusing lens group and an interface for coupling fluorescence to the second photodetector arranged in sequence.

[0070] The center wavelength of the filter is matched with the fluorescence wavelength of the target atom (i.e., the atom used in the atomic gas).

[0071] After a cloud of cold Rydberg atoms is excited using coupled light, spontaneous emission from the numerous cold Rydberg atoms inevitably occurs within the cloud. This results in fluorescence generated by the spontaneous emission of these atoms within the FP cavity. Since the FP cavity is essentially a pair of parallel mirrors, the fluorescence generated by the spontaneous emission of the cold Rydberg atoms will be continuously reflected within the FP cavity and eventually collected by the fluorescence collection light path at the FP cavity output.

[0072] Among them, the FP cavity can enhance spontaneous emission in a specific direction and mode, making the fluorescence of atoms or ions more concentrated in the collectable path, thereby improving fluorescence collection efficiency.

[0073] Furthermore, the fluorescence collection optical path can couple the fluorescence generated by cold Rydberg state atoms sequentially through a filter and a focusing lens group to a second photodetector.

[0074] Furthermore, the second photodetector can receive the fluorescence generated by cold Rydberg atoms and convert it into a fluorescence noise signal. The fluorescence noise signal is an electrical signal and carries the second fluorescence noise information.

[0075] Optionally, the second photodetector may also integrate a photomultiplier tube (PMT) or an avalanche photodiode (APD) to enable the conversion and enhancement of photoelectric signals.

[0076] In some embodiments, the center wavelength of the filter is the same as the wavelength of the fluorescence.

[0077] In some embodiments, the main detection signal carries AT splitting information and first fluorescence noise information, and the fluorescence noise signal carries second fluorescence noise information. The signal processing module includes a differential amplifier circuit and an integrated processor. The differential amplifier circuit is used to perform differential operations on the main detection signal and the fluorescence noise signal to eliminate the first fluorescence noise information and the second fluorescence noise information, thereby generating a differential signal. The integrated processor is used to perform signal processing on the differential signal based on a signal processing algorithm to eliminate fluorescence noise generated by cold Rydberg state atoms.

[0078] It should be noted that the main detection signal carries AT splitting information and first fluorescence noise information, while the fluorescence noise signal carries second fluorescence noise information. Both the first and second fluorescence noise information are generated based on fluorescence produced by the spontaneous emission of cold Rydberg atoms. Since they are collected on different optical paths—the first fluorescence noise information is collected on the detection light path, and the second fluorescence noise information is collected on the optical path perpendicular to the propagation direction of the detection light (the optical axis of the FP cavity)—the collection efficiency of the fluorescence noise on the two optical paths differs. This leads to differences between the first and second fluorescence noise information collected on the two optical paths; for example, the noise intensity in the first fluorescence noise information differs from that in the second fluorescence noise information. However, since both the first and second fluorescence noise information are based on the same fluorescence generation, a physical connection still exists between them. This connection can be described and determined using specific physical or mathematical formulas, and the fluorescence noise actually generated by the spontaneous emission of cold Rydberg atoms can be derived.

[0079] Based on this, this embodiment sets up a differential amplifier circuit and an integrated processor in the signal processing module. When the signal processing module receives the main detection signal carrying AT splitting information and the first fluorescence noise information and the fluorescence noise signal carrying the second fluorescence noise information, it can use the differential amplifier circuit to perform differential operation on the main detection signal and the fluorescence noise signal. Based on the physical relationship between the first fluorescence noise information and the second fluorescence noise information, the first fluorescence noise information and the second fluorescence noise information are initially eliminated to generate a differential signal.

[0080] Furthermore, the integrated processor stores various signal processing algorithms (including various noise model optimization algorithms); after the differential signal is generated, the integrated processor can run the signal processing algorithm to process the differential signal, further eliminate the fluorescence noise generated by cold Rydberg atoms, improve the fluorescence noise elimination accuracy and the Rydberg atom antenna device's accuracy in inverting the microwave electric field.

[0081] In some embodiments, the coupling light and the probe light are optical signals that have been Zeeman modulated and frequency-locked to the atomic energy level of the atom.

[0082] In some embodiments, the FP cavity includes two parallel reflectors, which are respectively fixed to the inner walls of the two sides of the glass vacuum cavity.

[0083] This invention also provides a dual-mode noise suppression method. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is one of the flowcharts illustrating the dual-mode noise suppression method provided by this invention. For example... Figure 4As shown, the dual-mode noise suppression method is applied to any of the above-mentioned miniaturized cold Rydberg atom antenna devices. The dual-mode noise suppression method includes steps S410 to S460, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0084] S410: Based on a low-temperature magneto-optical trap module, the temperature of atomic gas is cooled to a preset temperature threshold to generate cold atomic gas, which is then gathered into the FP cavity.

[0085] S420: Based on the Rydberg atom detection module, it generates coupling light and probe light.

[0086] S430: Using coupled light to scan a cold atom gas, the atoms in the cold atom gas are excited to the Rydberg state, generating a cold Rydberg atom cloud.

[0087] S440: After applying a microwave electric field to the cold Rydberg atomic cloud in the glass vacuum cavity, the cold Rydberg atomic cloud is scanned with a probe light to obtain information on the EIT-AT splitting of the cold Rydberg state atoms and generate the main probe signal.

[0088] S450: The fluorescence generated by cold Rydberg state atoms is collected by the FP cavity and sent to the fluorescence acquisition module, so that the fluorescence acquisition module generates a fluorescence noise signal.

[0089] S460: Based on the signal processing module, it performs signal processing on the main detection signal and fluorescence noise signal to eliminate fluorescence noise generated by cold Rydberg state atoms.

[0090] To facilitate understanding, this invention also provides a specific example of a dual-mode noise suppression method. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is the second schematic flowchart of the dual-mode noise suppression method provided by the present invention. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the noise dual-mode suppression method in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0091] (1) Construction of integrated device.

[0092] Specifically, the miniaturized Rydberg atom antenna device based on noise dual-mode suppression includes a vacuum-compatible integrated atom source module, a miniaturized low-temperature magneto-optical trap (MOT) module, an FP cavity fluorescence suppression module, a Rydberg atom detection module, and a signal processing module.

[0093] The vacuum-compatible integrated atomic source module includes a glass vacuum chamber, a gas release plate, a getter plate, and a glass electrical feed interface, with the gas release plate and getter plate partially housed within the glass vacuum chamber.

[0094] The FP cavity fluorescence suppression module includes an FP cavity and a fluorescence acquisition module. The FP cavity is located inside a glass vacuum cavity, and the fluorescence acquisition module is located at one end of the FP cavity.

[0095] The low-temperature magneto-optical trap module, the Rydberg atom detection module, and the signal processing module are located outside the glass vacuum chamber.

[0096] The key to this step is to integrate the FP cavity fluorescence suppression module and the vacuum-compatible integrated atomic source module in a direction perpendicular to the direction of probe light propagation using vacuum adhesive, and to ensure, through PZT adjustment, that the optical axis of the FP cavity is strictly perpendicular (i.e., orthogonal) to the direction of probe light propagation.

[0097] (2) Low-temperature atomic preparation.

[0098] Specifically, the temperature of the atomic gas in the glass vacuum cavity is cooled to a preset temperature threshold by the cooling laser generated by the low-temperature magneto-optical trap module, thereby obtaining cold atomic gas. The cold atomic gas is then trapped in the FP cavity set inside the glass vacuum cavity by a gradient magnetic field.

[0099] Optionally, the preset temperature threshold is on the order of μK (micro Kelvin, a unit of temperature).

[0100] Furthermore, after shutting down the gradient magnetic field, a polarization gradient and a cooling beam can be applied to further reduce the atomic temperature within milliseconds.

[0101] Furthermore, a quantized magnetic field is applied to the glass vacuum cavity to stabilize the atomic quantum state within the FP cavity, and the atomic population is directionally transferred to the target initial quantum state using resonant optical pumping.

[0102] Furthermore, by precisely controlling the atomic free-flight time and re-pump laser intensity, low-temperature atomic cloud samples with specific dimensions (e.g., axial radius of about 3 mm) and specific densities (corresponding to a typical optical thickness of about 3 mm) were prepared.

[0103] (3) Rydberg atom excitation.

[0104] Based on the preparation of the low-temperature atomic cloud sample, the probe light (typical parameters: power of 500 nW, spot diameter of 100 μm) and the coupling light (typical parameters: power of 60 mW, spot diameter of 300 μm) locked at the target energy level are turned on simultaneously. The probe light and / or coupling light are frequency scanned using an acousto-optic modulator to obtain the intrinsic EIT spectrum of the cold Rydberg state atoms (i.e., the EIT spectrum without the application of a microwave electric field).

[0105] (4) Microwave signal irradiation.

[0106] The microwave electric field generated by the microwave signal source and radiated by the antenna will directly act on the cold atom cloud, inducing the cold Rydberg state atoms to undergo EIT-AT splitting.

[0107] (5) Acquisition of main detection signals.

[0108] The main detection signal at this time is detected and acquired by the probe light. This signal contains AT splitting information reflecting the microwave electric field strength and first fluorescence noise information.

[0109] (6) Acquisition of atomic fluorescence signals.

[0110] By utilizing the high cooperability (typical value of 10) of the FP cavity (typical parameters: cavity length 2cm, radius of curvature 2cm, waist 50um), the spontaneous emission of atoms or ions is enhanced in a specific direction and mode, making the fluorescence more concentrated in the collectable path, improving the photon collection efficiency of fluorescence. The fluorescence output from the FP cavity is received by a second photodetector and converted into an electrical signal, i.e., a fluorescence noise signal, which carries the second fluorescence noise information.

[0111] (7) Fluorescence noise elimination and optimization.

[0112] The main detection signal and fluorescence noise signal are input to the signal processing module. The signal processing module can perform real-time synchronous differential operation on the two signals through differential circuit to achieve preliminary subtraction of fluorescence noise. The integrated processor runs the signal processing algorithm to process the differential signal, further eliminate the fluorescence noise generated by cold Rydberg atoms, accurately extract AT splitting information, and thus inversely determine the intensity of the microwave electric field.

[0113] In summary, the miniaturized cold Rydberg atom antenna device and noise dual-mode suppression method provided by this invention have at least the following technical advantages compared with the prior art:

[0114] (1) High efficiency in suppressing fluorescence noise: Through the FP cavity design with the optical axis strictly orthogonal to the probe light, the fluorescence generated by the spontaneous emission of atoms at the target wavelength can be collected efficiently, significantly reducing its interference to the main detection signal, which is beneficial to improving the signal-to-noise ratio and measurement sensitivity of the device.

[0115] (2) Dual noise suppression: The low-temperature magneto-optical trap module can effectively suppress Doppler noise caused by atomic thermal motion; the FP cavity specifically suppresses fluorescence noise generated by spontaneous emission of Rydberg atoms. The two technologies work together to overcome the limitations of single noise suppression technology and achieve a more comprehensive noise suppression effect.

[0116] (3) Miniaturization and mobility: The vacuum-compatible integrated atomic source module (which enables pump-free maintenance) and the magneto-optical trap optical path design based on a single laser can significantly reduce the size, weight and power consumption of the device, greatly improving the applicability of the device for deployment on mobile platforms (such as vehicle-mounted and airborne).

[0117] (4) Universality and adaptability: The core integrated architecture (low-temperature magneto-optical trap and orthogonal FP cavity) and noise suppression method (combining differential circuit and signal processing algorithm) of this invention can be applied to Rydberg atom microwave sensing devices with different atom types (such as Rb, Cs) and different operating bands, and have strong universality and adaptability.

[0118] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0119] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A miniaturized cold Rydberg atom antenna device, characterized by, include: Vacuum-compatible integrated atomic source module, low-temperature magneto-optical trap module, FP cavity fluorescence suppression module, Rydberg atom detection module, and signal processing module; The vacuum-compatible integrated atomic source module includes a glass vacuum chamber, a gas release plate, and a getter plate, wherein the gas release plate and the getter plate are disposed within the glass vacuum chamber; The FP cavity fluorescence suppression module includes an FP cavity and a fluorescence acquisition module. The FP cavity is disposed inside the glass vacuum cavity, and the fluorescence acquisition module is disposed at one end of the FP cavity. The low-temperature magneto-optical trap module, the Rydberg atom detection module, and the signal processing module are disposed outside the glass vacuum cavity; The gas release sheet is used to release atomic gas within the glass vacuum cavity; the getter sheet is used to adsorb some atoms in the atomic gas, so that the internal vacuum degree of the glass vacuum cavity is less than or equal to a preset vacuum degree threshold and the concentration of the atomic gas is within a preset concentration threshold range. The low-temperature magneto-optical trap module is used to cool the atomic gas to a preset temperature threshold to obtain cold atomic gas, and to gather the cold atomic gas into the FP cavity; The Rydberg atom detection module is used to generate coupling light and probe light. The optical axis of the FP cavity is perpendicular to the propagation direction of the probe light, and the propagation direction of the coupling light is opposite to the propagation direction of the probe light. The coupling light is used to excite atoms in the cold atom gas to the Rydberg state to obtain a cold Rydberg atom cloud. After applying a microwave electric field to the cold Rydberg atom cloud in the glass vacuum cavity, the probe light is used to scan the cold Rydberg atom cloud to obtain information on the EIT-AT splitting of the cold Rydberg atom and generate a main detection signal. The FP cavity is used to collect the fluorescence generated by the cold Rydberg state atoms into the fluorescence acquisition module; the fluorescence acquisition module is used to generate the fluorescence noise signal of the fluorescence. The signal processing module is used to eliminate the fluorescence noise generated by the cold Rydberg state atoms based on the main detection signal and the fluorescence noise signal; The main detection signal carries AT splitting information and first fluorescence noise information, the fluorescence noise signal carries second fluorescence noise information, and the signal processing module includes a differential amplifier circuit and an integrated processor. The differential amplifier circuit is used to perform differential operation on the main detection signal and the fluorescence noise signal to eliminate the first fluorescence noise information and the second fluorescence noise information, and generate a differential signal. The integrated processor is used to perform signal processing on the differential signal based on signal processing algorithms to eliminate the fluorescence noise generated by the cold Rydberg atoms.

2. The miniaturized cold Rydberg atom antenna device of claim 1, wherein, The low-temperature magneto-optical trap module includes a laser submodule and a magnetic field submodule. The laser submodule includes a laser, and the magnetic field module includes an energized coil, which is arranged around the outside of the glass vacuum cavity. The laser submodule is used to generate a cooling laser, which is used to irradiate the atomic gas to cool the temperature of the atomic gas to the preset temperature threshold, thereby obtaining the cold atomic gas. The energized coil is used to generate a gradient magnetic field, which is used to gather the cold atom gas into the FP cavity.

3. The miniaturized cold Rydberg atom antenna device of claim 2, wherein, The wavelength of the cooling laser is the same as the wavelength of the cooling transition of atoms in the atomic gas.

4. The miniaturized cold Rydberg atomic antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first photodetector, which is connected to the signal processing module; Wherein, after the cold Reedburg state atom undergoes EIT-AT splitting, the first photodetector is used to convert the detection light carrying AT splitting information and first fluorescence noise information into the main detection signal.

5. The miniaturized cold Rydberg atomic antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fluorescence acquisition module includes a fluorescence collection optical path and a second photodetector arranged in sequence. The fluorescence collection optical path includes a filter and a focusing lens group arranged in sequence. The fluorescence collection optical path is used to couple the fluorescence generated by the cold Rydberg state atoms to the second photodetector in sequence through the filter and the focusing lens group; The second photodetector is used to convert the fluorescence into the fluorescence noise signal.

6. The miniaturized cold Rydberg atomic antenna device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The center wavelength of the filter is the same as the wavelength of the fluorescence.

7. The miniaturized cold Rydberg atomic antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupling light and the probe light are optical signals that have been modulated and frequency-locked to the atomic energy level of the atom.

8. The miniaturized cold Rydberg atomic antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The FP cavity includes two parallel reflectors, which are respectively fixed to the inner walls of the two sides of the glass vacuum cavity.

9. A dual-mode noise suppression method, characterized in that, Using the miniaturized cold Rydberg atomic antenna device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, the noise dual-mode suppression method comprises: Based on the low-temperature magneto-optical trap module, the temperature of the atomic gas is cooled to a preset temperature threshold to generate cold atomic gas, and the cold atomic gas is gathered into the FP cavity; Based on the Rydberg atom detection module, coupling light and probe light are generated; The cold atom gas is scanned using the coupled light, and the atoms in the cold atom gas are excited to the Rydberg state to generate a cold Rydberg state atom cloud; After applying a microwave electric field to the cold Rydberg state atomic cloud in the glass vacuum cavity, the probe light is used to scan the cold Rydberg state atomic cloud to obtain information on the EIT-AT splitting of the cold Rydberg state atoms and generate the main probe signal. The fluorescence generated by the cold Rydberg state atoms is collected by the FP cavity and sent to the fluorescence acquisition module, so that the fluorescence acquisition module generates a fluorescence noise signal of the fluorescence. Based on the signal processing module, the main detection signal and the fluorescence noise signal are processed to eliminate the fluorescence noise generated by the cold Rydberg state atoms.

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