Arcuate 1: 3 pollination method for apricot plants in high altitude and alpine region

Abstract

The invention provides an arcuate 1: 3 pollination method for an apricot plant in a high-altitude alpine region. The arcuate 1: 3 pollination method comprises the following steps: S1, collecting a scion from a pollination variety; pruning lateral branches of the tree body of the main cultivated variety; s2, grafting a scion obtained from the pollination variety to a tree body of the main cultivation variety, and cultivating until the scion develops into a pollination lateral branch; the pollination side branches face the upwind direction of the flowering phase wind direction of the main cultivated variety tree; at least three fruit-bearing side branches are distributed in the downwind direction of each pollination side branch, and the fruit-bearing side branches are arranged in an arch shape; the variety of the fruiting lateral branches is the same as that of the main cultivation variety; s3, performing field management on the grafted tree body of the main cultivation variety; in the flowering phase, the pollination side branches naturally pollinate the fruiting side branches. According to the method, an arch-shaped 1: 3 pollination tree shape is constructed by utilizing a grafting method, the problem of land area waste under the traditional pollination tree configuration condition is solved, and the pollination efficiency and economic benefits of apricot trees in the high-altitude alpine region are remarkably improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fruit tree pollination. Specifically, it is a method for pollinating apricot plants in a 1:3 bow shape at high altitudes and in cold regions. BACKGROUND

[0002] Apricot is one of the traditional fruit trees with a long history of cultivation in China, mainly distributed in the three northern regions of China. Apricot trees have the characteristics of cold and drought tolerance, and are used for both fruit and kernel, making them an important economic forest tree species and an excellent woody oil tree species with great development potential. However, in high-altitude and cold regions (such as Ping'an in Qinghai at an altitude of 2750 meters and Dunhuang in Gansu at an altitude of 1142 meters), the cultivation of apricot trees faces special natural conditions.

[0003] The flowering period of apricot trees in high-altitude and cold regions is usually in the middle of April, when the temperature is low and there is a lack of pollinating insects. The pollen grains of apricot flowers are heavy, and the effective distance of wind pollination in natural conditions is only 1 meter, resulting in low natural pollination efficiency. This low-efficiency pollination mode directly affects the yield of apricot trees, thereby severely weakening their economic value and hindering the healthy development of the apricot industry in high-altitude and cold regions. Therefore, how to improve the pollination efficiency of apricot trees in high-altitude and cold regions has become an urgent industrial bottleneck problem that needs to be solved.

[0004] The existing production commonly used pollination methods include artificial pollination, mechanical pollination, and bee pollination, but these methods have certain limitations. Artificial pollination has low efficiency and high labor cost, making it difficult to apply in large-scale production; mechanical pollination is difficult to apply in practice due to the difficulty of pollen collection and the decline in viability during the concentrated apricot flowering period; and bee pollination relies on the provision of pollinating insects by surrounding bee farmers, with high requirements for planting areas and environments, making it difficult to be widely used. Therefore, optimizing the pollination method to improve the pollination efficiency has become an important research topic.

[0005] Currently, to solve the problem of low pollination efficiency, configuring high-affinity pollination varieties is considered an effective solution. However, the traditional pollination tree configuration mode usually adopts a 1:3 ratio (i.e., 1 pollination tree for every 3 main cultivar trees), which can improve the pollination efficiency to some extent, but this configuration mode significantly reduces the number of main cultivar trees per unit area, resulting in a 25% decrease in the yield of main cultivar trees, thereby affecting the economic benefits of the growers.

[0006] Therefore, it is urgent to establish an efficient pollination mode for high-altitude and cold regions to improve the pollination efficiency and fruit setting rate of apricot trees, both solving the problem of low pollination efficiency and maximizing the yield of main cultivar trees. SUMMARY

[0007] To this end, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a high-altitude alpine apricot plant bow-shaped 1:3 pollination method, which overcomes the problem of low pollination efficiency in the traditional pollination tree configuration by grafting high-affinity pollination side branches and optimizing the layout of pollination side branches and fruiting side branches of the main cultivar.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solutions: A high-altitude alpine apricot plant bow-shaped 1:3 pollination method, comprising the following steps: S1, collecting scions from pollination varieties; pruning side branches of the main cultivar tree; S2, grafting the scions obtained from the pollination varieties onto the main cultivar tree, and cultivating until the scions develop into pollination side branches; the pollination side branches are oriented towards the upwind direction of the main cultivar flowering wind direction; at least three fruiting side branches are distributed on the downwind direction of each pollination side branch, and the fruiting side branches are arranged in an arc shape; the fruiting side branches are of the same variety as the main cultivar; S3, field management of the grafted main cultivar tree; during the flowering period, the pollination side branches naturally pollinate the fruiting side branches.

[0009] In the present application, the so-called high-altitude region refers to a region with an altitude of more than 2200 m, and alpine refers to a region with an average annual temperature of less than 5 ℃ during the flowering period. The alpine high-altitude region lacks insect pollination during the flowering period, affecting the pollination efficiency.

[0010] The above-mentioned high-altitude alpine apricot plant bow-shaped 1:3 pollination method, in step S1, when pruning the side branches of the main cultivar tree, one first-level side branch oriented towards the upwind direction is retained as a stock according to the flowering wind direction of the main cultivar, and 3-5 first-level side branches located on the downwind direction of the stock are retained as fruiting side branches, which are arranged in an arc shape protruding towards the downwind direction. In step S2, the scions obtained from the pollination varieties are grafted onto the stock.

[0011] The above-mentioned high-altitude alpine apricot plant bow-shaped 1:3 pollination method, in step S1, when pruning the side branches of the main cultivar tree, all side branches on the main cultivar tree are removed to obtain a stock. In step S2, according to the flowering wind direction of the main cultivar, the scions obtained from the pollination varieties are grafted to one side of the stock oriented towards the upwind direction; at the same time, scions are taken from the main cultivar, and the scions obtained from the main cultivar are grafted to the other side of the stock oriented towards the downwind direction, and during grafting, the scions of each main cultivar are arranged in an arc shape protruding towards the downwind direction; after grafting and survival, one first-level side branch developed from the scions obtained from the pollination varieties is retained as a pollination side branch, and 3-5 first-level side branches developed from the scions obtained from the main cultivar are retained as fruiting side branches.

[0012] In step S2, the fruiting lateral branches are distributed in a fan-shaped region with the distal end of the pollination lateral branch as the center, and the central angle a is 60°-150°; for any fruiting lateral branch, the angle β between the projection of the connecting line between the distal end of the fruiting lateral branch and the distal end of the pollination lateral branch and the wind direction is 0°-60°; the maximum distance between any fruiting lateral branch and the pollination lateral branch is greater than or equal to 0.5 meters and less than or equal to 2 meters; and the maximum distance between any two fruiting lateral branches is greater than 0.5 meters and less than or equal to 2 meters.

[0013] In the above-mentioned 1:3 pollination method of apricot plants in high-altitude and cold regions, the fruiting lateral branches are distributed in a fan-shaped region with the distal end of the pollination lateral branch as the center; the number of the pollination lateral branches is 1, and the number of the fruiting lateral branches is 3.

[0014] In step S2, when grafting in spring, a healthy, quarantine-free, and stable trait mother plant on the pollination variety tree is selected, and before the flower bud germination, a branch that has been lignified and has a full bud in the previous year is collected as the scion, and branch grafting is performed in spring; when grafting, the stock is cut off, and a cutting interface is obliquely cut on the cut-off stock; the collected scion is shortened, and the lower end of the scion is cut into an inclined surface; the lower end of the scion is inserted into the cutting interface of the stock, so that the cambium of the scion and the cambium of the stock are aligned and in close contact, and then the plastic film is tightly wrapped and fixed to the scion without leaving gaps to achieve the effect of moisture retention. If the scion is not immediately grafted, the scion can be placed in water to prevent the cutting from losing water. After grafting, the scion is managed, the sprouts on the stock are timely removed, the nutrient supply of the scion is ensured, and when the new shoots of the scion grow to 15-30 cm, new shoot binding is performed on the stock (a wooden rod is bound on the stock, and the new shoots are bound above the wooden rod) to achieve the effect of stabilizing the scion and prevent the young branches from being blown down by the wind. The grafted high-affinity pollination branch is managed according to the conventional management, and pruning, flower and fruit thinning, and fertilization are performed.

[0015] "Cutting off" refers to removing the apical growing point of a branch. When a primary lateral branch of the main cultivar is used as the stock, the distal end of the branch above the cutting height is removed, and the part from the base of the primary lateral branch to the cutting height position is retained.

[0016] In the above-mentioned high-altitude and cold region apricot plant bow-shaped 1:3 pollination method, when grafting, the diameter of the scion used is greater than or equal to 0.5 cm, the length of the cut scion is 10-15 cm, and the upper end has 2-3 full buds; when cutting the bevel at the lower end of the scion, the cutting length is 3-5 cm, the bevel exceeds the pith, and the bevel is smooth; the diameter of the stock used is greater than or equal to 0.8 cm, and the stock is cut to 10-30 cm; the depth of the cutting interface is 5-10 cm, ensuring that the scion and the stock cutting interface fit together. If the diameter, length and number of buds of the scion are too large or too small, the quality of the scion is poor, which affects the survival rate of grafting. If the cutting interface is too shallow, the scion is not fixed firmly, and if the cutting interface is too deep, the stock is severely damaged, which also affects the survival rate of grafting.

[0017] In the above-mentioned high-altitude and cold region apricot plant bow-shaped 1:3 pollination method, in step S2, when grafting in summer, a pollination variety mother plant with strong growth, no quarantine pests and diseases, and stable traits is selected, and a new branch with full buds (diameter greater than or equal to 0.5 cm, as consistent as possible with the thickness of the stock, to ensure the quality of the scion and the survival rate of grafting) is collected; a bud piece is cut from the branch as a scion, and the bud piece is taken from the new branch collected in summer; when budding, the phloem corresponding to the shape and size of the bud piece is removed from the smooth part of the stock to obtain a square cutting, and the cutting depth reaches the cutting of the phloem but does not damage the xylem; the bud piece is placed in the cutting, and at least two edges of the cutting and the bud piece are in close contact, and then the bud piece is fixed by wrapping it with plastic film. After grafting, the scion is managed, the sprouts on the stock are removed in time to ensure the nutrient supply of the scion, and when the new buds of the scion grow to 15-20 cm, the excess stock is cut off 2 cm from the front end of the bud; new shoot binding is performed on the stock (a wooden rod is bound on the stock, and the new shoot is bound above the wooden rod), which has the effect of stabilizing the scion and preventing the young branches from being blown down by the wind. The high-affinity pollination branch after grafting is managed according to the conventional management, and is pruned, thinned, fertilized, etc.

[0018] In the above-mentioned high-altitude and cold region apricot plant bow-shaped 1:3 pollination method, when budding, the diameter of the branch used to collect the bud piece is greater than or equal to 0.5 cm; when taking the bud piece from the branch, a horizontal cut is made 0.5 cm above the bud and 0.5 cm below the bud, and a vertical cut is made on both sides of the bud point, so that the bud piece is cut, which does not damage the stock too much and ensures the integrity of the bud point, thereby improving the survival rate of grafting; the diameter difference between the stock used and the branch used to take the bud piece is 0-1 mm.

[0019] In the above-mentioned high-altitude and cold region apricot plant bow-shaped 1:3 pollination method, the pollination variety is PA79 or DHX, both of which are from the Germplasm Resource Garden of the Institute of Economic Forests, Chinese Academy of Forestry, and the main variety and the variety of the stock are both 'Qinghong Apricot'.

[0020] The technical scheme of the present application achieves the following beneficial technical effects: 1、The present application comprehensively utilizes high affinity pollination varieties and flower period wind direction data, and through the method of grafting pollination side branches, a "arch 1:3" pollination model is configured to overcome the problem of low pollination efficiency of traditional pollination tree configuration in high-altitude and high-cold regions. The pollination model does not need to be configured with a special pollination tree, which significantly reduces the problem of land waste caused by traditional pollination tree configuration (such as 1:3 configuration). In the "arch 1:3" mode, most of the first-order side branches of the main cultivar can be used for fruiting, and by reasonably arranging the pollination side branches and the fruiting side branches, the side branch density of the main cultivar is optimized, the pollination efficiency is improved, and the land resources are used efficiently.

[0021] 2、The present application grafts high affinity pollination variety branches (pollination side branches) on the main cultivar tree, combines with the distribution of fruiting side branches of the main cultivar, uses the "arch 1:3" mode to make the distance between the pollination side branches and the fruiting side branches more reasonable, and the pollination efficiency is significantly improved. The pollen dispersal range of the pollination side branches covers all positions of the fruiting side branches, and there is no shading or space competition problem between them. Compared with the traditional pollination tree configuration, when the pollination method provided in the present application is used, the apricot fruit setting rate is significantly improved.

[0022] 3、Compared with artificial pollination, mechanical powder spraying or bee pollination, the present application does not need additional pollination equipment or external assistance, and the grafting operation is simple, the field management requirements are consistent with the main cultivar, which not only reduces the input cost related to pollination, but also simplifies the overall management process, has wide adaptability, and is especially suitable for the production conditions in high-altitude and high-cold regions. The present application grafts high affinity pollination branches on the main cultivar, which is beneficial to early flowering and renewal management of the pollination variety, improves the economic benefit of the main cultivar, and promotes the rapid development of apricot industry in high-altitude and high-cold regions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the "arch 1:3" pollination mode in the embodiment 1 of the present application, wherein O is the stock, A, B and C are three main cultivars, respectively; Figure 2 The structure schematic diagram of the pollination side branch in the embodiment 1 of the present application, the pink branch indicates the branch developed from the scion; Figure 3a and Figure 3b are the schematic diagrams of the grafted scions after the spring grafting survival in the embodiment 1 of the present application, respectively; Figure 4a and Figure 4b are the schematic diagrams of the grafted scions after the summer budding survival in the embodiment 1 of the present application, respectively; Figure 5a The photo of the pollination side branch after fruiting in the embodiment 1 of the present application; Figure 5b Figure 1 shows the fruits on the branches of the scion from the pollinated variety PA79 on the pollinated lateral branch in Example 1 of the present application; Figure 5c Figure 2 shows the fruits on the branches of the scion from the pollinated variety DHX on the pollinated lateral branch in Example 2 of the present application; Figure 6a Figure 3 shows the fruits on the branches of the ‘Qinghong apricot’ on the pollinated lateral branch in Example 2 of the present application; Figure 6b Figure 1 shows the fruits on the branches of the scion from the pollinated variety PA79 on the pollinated lateral branch in Example 1 of the present application; Figure 6c Figure 2 shows the fruits on the branches of the scion from the pollinated variety DHX on the pollinated lateral branch in Example 2 of the present application; Figure 7 Figure 4 shows the distribution of individuals under the traditional 1:3 pollination tree in the prior art. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Example 1 In this example, the apricot orchard is located in Qinghai Ping'an Xingfengling, and the orchard is located on a mountain slope at an altitude of 2300 m. The average annual temperature during the flowering period is 2 ℃.

[0025] In this example, the main cultivar used is ‘Qinghong apricot’, and the pollinated variety is PA79 which has high affinity with ‘Qinghong apricot’. The flowering period of ‘Qinghong apricot’ is every April. According to the climate data over the years, in the area where the orchard is located, the west wind often blows during the flowering period of ‘Qinghong apricot’. According to the wind direction during the flowering period, the distribution of ‘Qinghong apricot’ lateral branches in the orchard is adjusted.

[0026] The specific steps of the bow-shaped 1:3 pollination method for apricot plants in high-altitude and high-cold regions provided in this example are as follows: 1. Collecting scions and pruning the main cultivar tree In this example, the branches of the pollinated variety PA79 are collected as scions in the spring. When collecting scions, select healthy, disease-free, and stable in traits mother plants. Collect the branches that have occurred in the previous year and have been lignified before the flower buds germinate as scions. The buds on the collected branches should be plump, the diameter should be greater than 0.5 cm, and the length should be greater than 15 cm to ensure the quality and survival rate of the scions.

[0027] Prune the lateral branches of the 'Qinghongxing' trees planted in the orchard. The flowering direction of 'Qinghongxing' is west. When pruning, one first-order lateral branch in the west direction (i.e. the upwind direction) is retained, which will be used as the stock for grafting the scion collected from PA79, and the scion will develop into the pollination lateral branch. At the same time, three first-order lateral branches in the downwind direction (i.e. the east direction) of the stock are retained as the fruiting lateral branches. The three retained fruiting lateral branches are arranged in an arc shape (as shown in FIG. 1) and protrude towards the downwind direction. The other first-order lateral branches should be pruned. Figure 1

[0028] In other embodiments, the number of first-order lateral branches used as the stock and the number of first-order lateral branches used as the fruiting lateral branches can also be adjusted according to the growth direction of the first-order lateral branches of the main cultivar trees. In general, for each first-order lateral branch used as the stock, 3-5 first-order lateral branches in the downwind direction of the stock and arranged in an arc shape are retained as the fruiting lateral branches.

[0029] When the ratio of the first-order lateral branches used as the stock to the first-order lateral branches used as the fruiting lateral branches is 1:3, the pollen produced by the pollination cultivar grafted on the stock can be fully utilized. When the ratio of the number of fruiting lateral branches to the number of scions (i.e. the pollination lateral branches) is slightly greater than 3:1, the fruiting lateral branches can be adjusted flexibly according to the flowering condition, whether disease occurs, and the wind direction of the fruiting lateral branches in the current year. For example, after entering the flowering period, the flowers on the three fruiting lateral branches with the best flowering condition are retained, and the flowers on the other fruiting lateral branches are thinned. Or, the flowers on the three fruiting lateral branches closer to the downwind direction of the wind direction in the current year are retained, and the flowers on the other fruiting lateral branches are thinned. When the pollen produced by the pollination lateral branches is sufficient, thinning can also be omitted.

[0030] 2. Grafting In this embodiment, grafting is performed by collecting scions in the spring. When grafting, the stock and the scion need to be treated.

[0031] First, the stock is cut to a height of 10-30 cm, and the diameter of the stock after cutting should be greater than 0.8 cm. A 5-10 cm oblique cut is made at the top of the stock to obtain a cut interface.

[0032] When treating the scion, the scion is cut to a length of 10-15 cm, ensuring that there are 2-3 full buds at the top of each scion, and the bottom of the scion is cut into a 3-5 cm bevel. The cut should expose the pith of the scion completely, and the bevel should be smooth and flat. The cut scion is immediately inserted into the cut interface on the stock, with the cambium of the scion aligned and in close contact with the cambium of the stock. Then, plastic film is tightly wrapped around the joint to achieve a moisturizing effect without leaving any gaps.

[0033] ​If the collected scion is not immediately grafted, the scion can be placed in water to prevent the cut from losing water.

[0034] After spring grafting, the sprouts on the rootstock should be promptly removed. When the new shoots from the scion grow to 15-30 cm, a wooden stick can be tied on the rootstock and the new shoots can be tied on the wooden stick to stabilize the scion and prevent the young branches from being blown over by the wind. In this embodiment, the scion that survives spring grafting is as shown in Figs. Figure 3a and Figure 3b .

[0035] In other embodiments, grafting can also be performed in summer by using the budding method. When preparing for summer budding, first select a healthy, non-quarantined, and stable mother plant, and collect a new branch with full buds in summer for taking bud pieces. The diameter of the collected branch for taking bud pieces is greater than 0.5 cm. After obtaining the branch, select a full bud on the branch, and make a horizontal cut 0.5 cm above and below the bud, and then make a vertical cut on each side of the bud to obtain a bud piece. The bud piece is used as a scion for budding.

[0036] During budding, the thickness of the rootstock and the branch for taking the bud piece should be as consistent as possible, and the diameter difference between the two should be 0-1 mm. During budding, a square cut is made at a smooth position of the rootstock, the depth of the cut is sufficient to cut off the phloem but not to damage the xylem, and the shape and size of the cut correspond to the shape and size of the bud piece, which can also be slightly larger than the bud piece. After obtaining the bud piece, quickly embed the bud piece into the cut of the rootstock to ensure that the upper edge and one side of the cut are in close contact with the bud piece, and then tightly wrap the bud piece with plastic film to fix the bud piece.

[0037] After summer grafting, when the new shoots from the scion grow to 15-20 cm, the rootstock needs to be pruned, and the pruning position is 2 cm above the grafting position. After pruning, the new shoots are tied to prevent them from being blown over by the wind. The scion that survives summer budding is as shown in Figs. Figure 4a and Figure 4b .

[0038] After the scion is cultivated to develop new branches, and the new branches bloom, the pollination lateral branches are obtained, as shown in Fig. Figure 2 The pink branches in Fig. are the pollination lateral branches. At the same time, the "arch 1:3" pollination model is also obtained. The "arch 1:3" pollination model is actually a main cultivar tree with a grafted branch of a pollination variety. During field management, the "arch 1:3" pollination model can be managed according to the management requirements of the main cultivar.

[0039] 3. Field management Fertilization, pruning, and thinning are performed according to the conventional management. During the flowering period, the pollination lateral branches naturally pollinate the fruiting lateral branches.

[0040] In the "arch 1:3" pollination model obtained in this embodiment, there are 1 pollination side branch and 3 fruiting side branches. The 3 fruiting side branches are arranged in an arch around the pollination side branch, and are distributed in a sector with the distal end of the pollination side branch as the center and the central angle a of 110°. As shown in Figure 1 Fig. 1 is a top view of a "arch 1:3" pollination model, O is the distal end of the pollination side branch, A, B and C are the distal ends of the first fruiting side branch, the second fruiting side branch and the third fruiting side branch, respectively, the length of the top view of AB is 2 m, the length of the top view of BC is 1.6 m, and the length of the top view of AC is 2.5 m. The length of the top view of OB is 2 m. The angles β1, β2 and β3 between the top views of OA, OB and OC and the wind direction are 50°, 10° and 60°, respectively.

[0041] In other embodiments, on the same main cultivar tree (i.e. the "arch 1:3" pollination model), the fruiting side branches should be distributed in a sector with the distal end of the pollination side branch as the center and the central angle a of 60°-150°; for any fruiting side branch, the angle β between the top view of the line connecting the distal end of the fruiting side branch and the distal end of the pollination side branch and the wind direction is 0°-60°.

[0042] For the pollination side branch and the fruiting side branch, the distance between the distal ends of the two is the maximum distance. The maximum distance between any fruiting side branch and the pollination side branch is greater than or equal to 0.5 m and less than or equal to 2 m; the maximum distance between any two fruiting side branches is greater than 0.5 m and less than or equal to 2 m.

[0043] When the maximum distance between the pollination side branch and the fruiting side branch is within this range, the pollination side branch will not block the light of the fruiting side branch for a long time, and the pollen produced by the pollination side branch can also spread to the distal end of the fruiting side branch, ensuring the pollination effect. In addition, there should also be a certain distance between the fruiting side branches to ensure ventilation and light transmission, and when the distance between the fruiting side branches is too large, it may exceed the spread range of the pollen scattered by the pollination side branch, resulting in low pollination efficiency.

[0044] In the traditional 1:3 pollination configuration, 1 pollination tree is needed for 3 main cultivars, and the fruits on the pollination tree are usually of low economic value. Therefore, about 1 / 3 of the area in the plantation is wasted when the pollination tree is configured according to the traditional 1:3 pollination mode. When the method provided in the embodiment is used, no pollination tree needs to be configured for the main cultivar, and all the area in the plantation is used for planting the main cultivar. The distance between the pollination side branch and the fruit-bearing side branch is closer than when the pollination tree is configured alone, and through reasonable layout, the pollination side branch and the fruit-bearing side branch do not block each other, which is more conducive to improving the efficiency of pollination. On this basis, in the embodiment, the pollination side branch is grafted onto the main cultivar, so that during field management, the water and fertilizer requirements of the main cultivar can be more uniformly managed, and no separate water and fertilizer management is needed for the pollination tree, which is more conducive to intensive production.

[0045] As Figure 5a is the 'arch 1:3' pollination model after the results in the embodiment (that is, the main cultivar tree body after grafting PA79). Figure 5b is the apricot fruit on the grafted PA79 branch (that is, the pollination side branch). Figure 5c is the apricot fruit on the 'Qinghong apricot' branch (that is, the fruit-bearing side branch). As can be seen from the figure, after receiving the pollen of PA79, the fruits formed by the flowers of 'Qinghong apricot' still retain the characteristics of the 'Qinghong apricot' variety.

[0046] The fruit setting rate of the 'arch 1:3' pollination model was counted and compared with the configuration of no pollination tree (that is, all individuals in the plantation are 'Qinghong apricot', and the individuals are arranged in an array) and the traditional 1:3 pollination tree configuration (see Figure 7 The center is the pollination variety tree PA79, and the blue box is the main cultivar tree 'Qinghong apricot'). The fruit setting rates of the groups were compared using the same plant spacing design. When counting, the fruit number, flower number, and fruit setting rate of each pollination mode were counted respectively. The counting results are shown in Table 1.

[0047] Table 1 Fruit setting rate comparison of the 'arch 1:3' high-efficiency pollination mode of the high-affinity pollination variety PA79 of 'Qinghong apricot' As can be seen from the data in the table, compared with the traditional 1:3 configuration of the pollination tree, the 'arch 1:3' configuration of the pollination tree can effectively improve the fruit setting rate of the main cultivar. Compared with the traditional 1:3 pollination configuration, the fruit setting rate of the 'arch 1:3' pollination tree configuration is about 1 times higher.

[0048] Embodiment 2 The present embodiment provides a method for 1:3 pollination of apricot plants in high-altitude and cold regions. The method provided in the present embodiment is different from the method in Embodiment 1 in that, in the present embodiment, the pollination variety used is "DHX", which has high affinity with 'Qinghong Apricot'. In addition, in the present embodiment, when pruning the lateral branches of the main variety tree, all lateral branches on the main variety tree are removed to obtain a rootstock. After obtaining the rootstock, the scion obtained from the pollination variety is grafted to one side of the rootstock facing the upwind direction according to the flowering period and wind direction of the main variety; at the same time, the scion obtained from the main variety is grafted to the other side of the rootstock facing the downwind direction, and the scions of the main variety are arranged in an arch shape protruding towards the downwind direction during grafting. Each scion will develop into a first-order lateral branch.

[0049] In the present embodiment, when grafting the pollination variety scion and the main variety scion, multiple grafting can be performed as needed to prevent grafting failure and time waste. If all the multiple grafting scions survive, the scions can be pruned after grafting to survive, and one first-order lateral branch developed from the scion obtained from the pollination variety is retained as a pollination lateral branch, and three (or 3-5) first-order lateral branches developed from the scions obtained from the main variety are retained as fruiting lateral branches.

[0050] In the present embodiment, the fruiting lateral branches on the same main variety tree are distributed within a fan-shaped region with the distal end of the pollination lateral branch as the center and a central angle α of 130°. The connecting line between the distal end of the second fruiting lateral branch B at the apex of the triangle and the distal end of the rootstock O forms an angle β2 of 10° between the vertical projection of OB and the wind direction. The planar projection length of OB is 1.5 m, the planar projection length of AB is 1.2 m, and the planar projection length of AC is 3 m.

[0051] In the method provided in the present embodiment, the remaining steps and conditions are exactly the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0052] As shown in FIG. 1, Figure 6a The pollination lateral branch after the results in the present embodiment. Figure 6b The apricot fruits on the branches (pollination lateral branches) developed from the scions of DHX, Figure 6c The fruits on the branches (fruiting lateral branches) developed from 'Qinghong Apricot'. As can be seen from the figure, after receiving the pollen of DHX, the fruits formed by the female flowers of 'Qinghong Apricot' still retain the characteristics of the variety 'Qinghong Apricot'.

[0053] The fruit setting rates of the "arch 1:3" pollination model, the pollination tree without configuration, and the traditional pollination tree configuration are shown in Table 2. Each pollination model is counted for 5 individuals, and the same plant spacing design is used between each group.

[0054] Table 2 Comparison of fruit setting rate of 'Qinghong Apricot' high-affinity pollination variety DHX in bow-shaped 1:3 high-efficiency pollination mode From the data in the table, it can be seen that after DHX pollinates 'Qinghong Apricot', it can significantly improve the fruit setting rate of 'Qinghong Apricot', and the effect of improving the fruit setting rate by DHX pollination is better than that of PA79 in Example 1. This is related to the variety characteristics of DHX itself, as can be seen from the data in the table, when pollination trees are arranged in the traditional 1:3 configuration, the fruit setting rate of 'Qinghong Apricot' when pollinated by DHX is slightly higher than that of PA79; on the other hand, it may be related to the specific arrangement method of the pollination branches and the main variety branches in the 'bow-shaped 1:3' pollination model.

[0055] Obviously, the above examples are merely examples for the purpose of clear illustration, and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Based on the above description, those skilled in the art can also make other different forms of changes or modifications. Here, it is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the embodiments. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the claims of the present patent application.

Claims

1. A method for 1:3 pollination of Prunus species in high altitude alpine regions, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1, collecting scions from pollination variety trees; pruning lateral branches of the main variety trees; S2, grafting the scions obtained from the pollination variety trees onto the main variety trees to cultivate the scions into pollination lateral branches; the pollination lateral branches are oriented towards the upwind direction of the main variety tree during the flowering period; each of the pollination lateral branches is distributed with at least three fruiting lateral branches, which are arranged in an arch shape; the fruiting lateral branches are of the same variety as the main variety; S3, field management of the grafted main variety trees; during the flowering period, the pollination lateral branches naturally pollinate the fruiting lateral branches.

2. The high altitude alpine apricot cultivar bow 1 :3 pollination method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, when pruning the lateral branches of the main variety trees, one first lateral branch oriented towards the upwind direction of the main variety tree is reserved as a rootstock, and 3-5 first lateral branches oriented towards the downwind direction of the rootstock are reserved as fruiting lateral branches, which are arranged in an arch shape protruding towards the downwind direction; In step S2, the scions obtained from the pollination variety trees are grafted onto the rootstock.

3. The high altitude alpine apricot bow 1 :3 pollination method of claim 1, wherein, In step S1, when pruning the lateral branches of the main variety trees, all the lateral branches of the main variety trees are removed to obtain a rootstock; In step S2, the scions obtained from the pollination variety trees are grafted onto one side of the rootstock oriented towards the upwind direction according to the wind direction during the flowering period of the main variety tree; meanwhile, scions are obtained from the main variety trees and grafted onto the other side of the rootstock oriented towards the downwind direction, and the scions obtained from the main variety trees are arranged in an arch shape protruding towards the downwind direction during grafting; after the grafting takes root, one first lateral branch developed from the scions obtained from the pollination variety trees is reserved as a pollination lateral branch, and 3-5 first lateral branches developed from the scions obtained from the main variety trees are reserved as fruiting lateral branches.

4. The high-elevation alpine apricot cultivar bow 1 :3 pollination method of claim 1, wherein, In step S2, on the same main variety tree, the fruiting lateral branches are distributed in a fan-shaped area with the distal end of the pollination lateral branch as the center and a central angle α of 60-150°; for any fruiting lateral branch, the angle β between the horizontal projection of the connecting line between the distal end of the fruiting lateral branch and the distal end of the pollination lateral branch and the wind direction is 0-60°; the maximum distance between any fruiting lateral branch and the pollination lateral branch is greater than or equal to 0.5 m and less than or equal to 2 m; the maximum distance between any two fruiting lateral branches is greater than 0.5 m and less than or equal to 2 m.

5. The high-elevation alpine apricot cultivar bow 1 :3 pollination method of claim 4, wherein, On the same main variety tree, the fruiting lateral branches are distributed in a fan-shaped area with the distal end of the pollination lateral branch as the center; the number of the pollination lateral branches is 1, and the number of the fruiting lateral branches is 3.

6. The high altitude alpine apricot cultivar bow 1 :3 pollination method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S2, when grafting in spring, the scions obtained from the pollination variety trees are the branches of the pollination variety trees that have been lignified and have full buds in the previous year, and the grafting is performed in spring; during the grafting, the rootstock is cut, a grafting interface is obliquely cut on the cut rootstock, the obtained scions are shortened, and the lower end of the scions is cut into an inclined surface; the lower end of the scion is inserted into the grafting interface, the cambium of the scion is aligned with and tightly attached to the cambium of the rootstock, and then the scion is fixed.

7. The high altitude alpine apricot cultivar bow 1 :3 pollination method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In grafting, the diameter of the scion used is greater than or equal to 0.5 cm, the length of the cut scion is 10-15 cm, and the upper end has 2-3 full buds; when cutting the bevel at the lower end of the scion, the cutting length is 3-5 cm, and the bevel exceeds the pith; the diameter of the stock used is greater than or equal to 0.8 cm, and the stock is cut to 10-30 cm; the depth of the cutting interface is 5-10 cm.

8. The high altitude alpine apricot cultivar bow 1 :3 pollination method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S2, when grafting in summer, a bud piece is used as the scion, which is taken from a current year new branch of the pollinated variety tree collected in summer; in bud grafting, the phloem corresponding in shape and size to the bud piece is removed from the stock to obtain a square cutting; the bud piece is placed in the cutting, and at least two edges of the cutting and the bud piece are in close contact, and then the bud piece is fixed.

9. The high-elevation alpine apricot cultivar bow 1 :3 pollination method of claim 8, wherein, In bud grafting, the diameter of the branch for collecting the bud piece is greater than or equal to 0.5 cm; when the bud piece is taken from the branch, a horizontal cut is made at a position 0.5 cm above the bud and a position 0.5 cm below the bud, and a vertical cut is made on each side of the bud point; the diameter of the stock used is 0-1 mm different from the diameter of the branch for taking the bud piece.

10. The high altitude alpine apricot cultivar bow 1 :3 pollination method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pollinated variety tree is PA79 or DHX, both from the Germplasm Resource Garden of the Institute of Economic Forests, Chinese Academy of Forestry, and the variety of the main cultivar tree and the stock is 'Qinghong Apricot'.

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