A method for pruning a fructus momordicae branch

Abstract

The application discloses a pruning method for Siraitia grosvenorid flower branches, which comprises classification of the flower branches and pruning of different types of the flower branches, and is different from the prior art in that: the Siraitia grosvenorid flower branches are classified according to the types, the attachment density and the development of the flower buds of the female Siraitia grosvenorid flower branches in the budding period, and then corresponding pruning methods are adopted according to the characteristics of different types of the flower branches. The pruning method is different for different branches, and the differentiation and refinement of the Siraitia grosvenorid pruning are improved, the blindness of the one-size-fits-all pruning is avoided, and the Siraitia grosvenorid is promoted to blossom early, the flowering period is relatively concentrated, and the yield is high and stable. The pruning method is easy to master, has low operation difficulty, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of Momordica grosvenori cultivation, in particular to a pruning method of Momordica grosvenori flowering branches. BACKGROUND

[0002] Momordica grosvenori is a perennial vine plant of Cucurbitaceae Momordica, which is distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi and Guizhou provinces, generally grows in valleys, riverbanks or humid slopes of mountains or hilly areas at an altitude of 200-1000 meters, and is mainly produced in Yongfu, Lingui and Longsheng counties in northeast Guangxi, is a famous Chinese medicinal material variety and a traditional export commodity in Guangxi, and is listed as the first batch of Chinese medicinal materials by the Chinese Ministry of Health.

[0003] The current cultivation system of Momordica grosvenori is to plant in March-April and harvest in September-November every year. Since Momordica grosvenori enters the flowering and fruiting period, the buds, flowers and fruits continuously appear among the leaf axils with the growth of the vines, the flowering and fruiting period is relatively long, and there are differences in flowering and fruiting characteristics among different varieties and individuals of Momordica grosvenori, resulting in complex orchard management, high labor cost and difficulty in controlling the stability of yield and quality.

[0004] Pruning is one of the key measures to promote early flowering and relative concentration of Momordica grosvenori. There are many literatures on the technical methods of pruning Momordica grosvenori, which are similar in content, and all summarize the number of retained vines and the positions of shortening or topping according to the side vine grades of Momordica grosvenori. The defects of these technical methods are that the differences in the growth and development of flowering branches among different varieties and individuals of Momordica grosvenori are ignored, the pertinence is not strong, the precision is not high, and thus the effect is not very ideal. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, provide a pruning method of Momordica grosvenori flowering branches, promote early flowering and relative concentration of Momordica grosvenori, reduce the management of orchard flowering and fruiting period, and stabilize the yield and quality.

[0006] The purpose of the present application is achieved by the following scheme:

[0007] The present application provides a pruning method of Momordica grosvenori flowering branches, which comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: After Momordica grosvenori enters the budding period, 6-8 flowering branches are retained per plant, and the remaining ones are all pruned or removed;

[0009] Step 2: observing the retained flowering branches, and determining the types of the flowering branches according to the characteristics of the flowering branches of female Momordica grosvenori plants;

[0010] Step 3: implementing classified pruning according to the pruning methods corresponding to different types of flowering branches.

[0011] In the pruning method, the basic types of the Momordica grosvenori flower branches and their characteristics described in step 2 mainly include the following four types:

[0012] 2.1, intermittent type (commonly known as skip-seed type): referring to the fact that during the growth and development of the flower branches, 1 to several flower buds appear every interval of leaf axils;

[0013] 2.2, mixed type: referring to the fact that the leaf axils of the flower branches bear mixed buds, i.e., leaf buds and flower buds grow together;

[0014] 2.3, dead bud type: referring to the fact that the leaf axils of the flower branches continuously bear flower buds, but the flower buds cannot normally swell;

[0015] 2.4, normal type: referring to the fact that the leaf axils of the flower branches continuously bear flower buds and the flower buds can normally swell and bloom and bear fruit.

[0016] In the present application, the Momordica grosvenori flower branches refer to the flower branches of female Momordica grosvenori plants.

[0017] Further, the identification time of the basic types of the flower branches in step 2 is 5-10 days after the appearance of the flower buds. The flower buds that cannot normally swell refer to the flower buds that do not obviously swell in volume, and such flower buds cannot normally open.

[0018] In the pruning method, the pruning methods of the different types of flower branches described in step 3 are as follows:

[0019] 3.1, the pruning method of the intermittent type of flower branches: shortening the flower branches at the 2nd-3rd leaves after the 1st flower bud, leaving the nearest 1 leaf bud to form a new flower branch, and removing all the other side buds;

[0020] 3.2, the pruning method of the mixed type of flower branches: topping the flower branches when 3-6 mixed buds are generated, removing all the leaf buds, and leaving 3-5 leaves of each side branch of the mixed buds to be topped;

[0021] 3.3, the pruning method of the dead bud type of flower branches: shortening the flower branches at the 3rd-4th leaves after the 1st flower bud, forming a new flower branch from the strongest leaf bud, and removing all the other side buds;

[0022] 3.4, the pruning method of the normal type of flower branches: topping the flower branches when the number of flower buds reaches 10-15, and removing all the leaf buds.

[0023] Further, the pruning method in step 3 refers to the pruning when the flower branches grow vigorously and are in the semi-fibrous state.

[0024] Further, the suitable temperature requirement for the pruning in step 3 is 25℃≤ T< 35℃ for the daily maximum temperature and 15℃< T≤ 25℃ for the daily minimum temperature.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0026] The present application adopts flower branch classification and pruning by category technology, is strong in pertinence, and has remarkable flower and fruit promoting effects.

[0027] The present application enhances pruning accuracy, reduces invalid pruning times, and improves work efficiency.

[0028] The present application method is simple, easy to master, and suitable for large-scale popularization and application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present application will be further described by examples below, but is not limited to the present application.

[0030] The insect-proof net protected orchard in Guilin Yanshan Guangxi Plant Institute test field is selected as an example, the orchard belongs to a subtropical climate zone, has an altitude of 168 meters, and has a flat terrain. pH The cation exchange capacity is 3.2-4.0 cmol / kg, the total nitrogen and total potassium contents are low, and the total phosphorus content is moderate. The suitable temperature requirements for pruning of Momordica grosvenori flower branches are 25℃≤T<35℃ for the daily maximum temperature and 15℃<T≤25℃ for the daily minimum temperature. Example 1

[0031] A pruning method for Momordica grosvenori flower branches, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0032] (1) In the middle of June, 12 female Momordica grosvenori plants with similar budding times and belonging to intermittent flower branches are randomly selected, of which 10 plants are used as pruning plants, and the other 2 plants are used as control plants without pruning;

[0033] (2) Each of the selected 12 Momordica grosvenori plants retains 6-8 flower branches, and the rest are all pruned;

[0034] (3) For the pruning plants, when the unfolded leaves after the first bud of each flower branch reach 6-10, the second to third leaves after the first bud of the flower branch are cut off, the nearest leaf bud is retained to form a new flower branch, and the rest of the lateral buds are all removed;

[0035] (4) For the control plants, the apical buds of each flower branch are allowed to grow, and the lateral leaf buds are all removed.

[0036] After pruning, in the early July, 8 of the pruning plants bloom, with an average of 58 flowers per plant in 12 days, 52 fruits, and a fruit setting rate of 89.7%;

[0037] In the middle of July, the other 2 of the pruning plants bloom, with an average of 53 flowers per plant in 12 days, 48 fruits, and a fruit setting rate of 90.6%;

[0038] In early September, the control plants flowered, with an average of 38 flowers per plant and 32 fruits per plant in 12 days, and the fruit setting rate was 84.2%. Example 2

[0039] A pruning method of a Siraitia grosvenorid flower branch, the specific steps are as follows:

[0040] (1) In early July, 8 female Siraitia grosvenorid plants with similar budding times and belonging to mixed type flower branches were randomly selected, of which 6 were used as pruning plants, and the other 2 were used as control plants without pruning;

[0041] (2) Each of the selected 8 Siraitia grosvenorid plants retained 6-8 flower branches, and the rest were all pruned;

[0042] (3) For the pruning plants, when each flower branch produced 3-6 mixed buds, the top was pruned, and the mixed buds were pruned to leave 3-5 leaves;

[0043] (4) For the control plants, the top buds of each flower branch were allowed to grow.

[0044] After pruning, in mid-July, the pruning plants all flowered, with an average of 45 flowers per plant and 40 fruits per plant in 12 days, and the fruit setting rate was 88.9%;

[0045] In early August, one of the control plants flowered, with an average of 30 flowers per plant and 25 fruits per plant in 12 days, and the fruit setting rate was 83.3.0%;

[0046] In mid-August, the other one of the control plants flowered, with an average of 24 flowers per plant and 18 fruits per plant in 12 days, and the fruit setting rate was 75.0%. Example 3

[0047] A pruning method of a Siraitia grosvenorid flower branch, the specific steps are as follows:

[0048] (1) In mid-June, 10 female Siraitia grosvenorid plants with similar budding times and belonging to dead type flower branches were randomly selected, of which 8 were used as pruning plants, and the other 2 were used as control plants without pruning;

[0049] (2) Each of the selected 10 Siraitia grosvenorid plants retained 6-8 flower branches, and the rest were all pruned;

[0050] (3) For the pruning plants, each flower branch was shortened at the 3rd-4th leaf after the 1st flower bud, and a new flower branch was formed from the strongest leaf bud, and the rest of the side buds were all removed;

[0051] (4) For the control plants, the top buds of each flower branch were allowed to grow, and the side leaf buds were all removed.

[0052] After pruning, in mid-July, 4 of the pruned plants flowered, with an average of 62 flowers per plant in 12 days, 55 fruits, and a fruit setting rate of 88.7%;

[0053] In late July, the other 4 of the pruned plants flowered, with an average of 56 flowers per plant in 12 days, 50 fruits, and a fruit setting rate of 89.3%;

[0054] In mid-September, the control plants flowered, with an average of 44 flowers per plant in 12 days, 35 fruits, and a fruit setting rate of 79.5%. Example 4

[0055] A pruning method for Siraitia grosvenorii flower branches, the specific steps are as follows:

[0056] (1) In mid-June, 12 female Siraitia grosvenorii plants with similar budding times and belonging to normal types were randomly selected, of which 10 were used as pruned plants, and the other 2 were used as control plants without pruning;

[0057] (2) Each of the selected 12 Siraitia grosvenorii plants retained 6-8 flower branches, and the rest were all pruned;

[0058] (3) For the pruned plants, when the number of flower buds on the flower branches reached 10-15, the top was pruned, and all leaf buds were removed;

[0059] (4) For the control plants, the top buds of each flower branch were allowed to grow, and all lateral leaf buds were removed.

[0060] After pruning, in early July, all the pruned plants flowered, with an average of 82 flowers per plant in 12 days, 76 fruits, and a fruit setting rate of 92.7%;

[0061] In mid-July, 1 of the control plants flowered, with an average of 51 flowers per plant in 12 days, 47 fruits, and a fruit setting rate of 92.1%;

[0062] In late July, the other 1 of the control plants flowered, with an average of 54 flowers per plant in 12 days, 46 fruits, and a fruit setting rate of 85.2%.

[0063] The present application classifies Siraitia grosvenorii flower branches and prunes them according to the classification, which reduces the adverse effects of dead buds, intermittent flower buds and mixed flower buds on plant flowering, significantly promotes early flowering and increases the number of flowers, and makes the flowering period more concentrated, avoids the extension of the date of point pollination for too long and the difference in fruit development degree being too large.

Claims

1. A method for pruning a branch of a Momordica cochinchinensis flower, characterized by, The pruning method comprises the following steps: Step 1, after the monk fruit enters the present budding period, 6-8 flower branches are reserved per plant, and the rest are all pruned or removed; Step 2, the reserved flower branches are observed, and the types of the flower branches are determined according to the characteristics of the female monk fruit plant flower branches, The flower branch type identification time is 5-10 days after the present budding; Step 3, according to the pruning methods corresponding to different types of flower branches, classification pruning is implemented; The types of the monk fruit flower branches in step 2 mainly include the following four types: 2.1, intermittent type: referring to 1-2 flower buds appearing every interval of 1-2 leaf buds in the growth and development process of the flower branches; 2.2, mixed type: referring to mixed buds being borne in the leaf axils of the flower branches, that is, leaf buds and flower buds coexist; 2.3, dead bud type: referring to flower buds being continuously borne in the leaf axils of the flower branches, but the flower buds cannot be normally enlarged; 2.4, normal type: referring to flower buds being continuously borne in the leaf axils of the flower branches and the flower buds being able to be normally enlarged and flowered and fruited; The pruning methods of different types of flower branches in step 3 are as follows: 3.1, the pruning method of the intermittent type flower branches, shortening from the 2nd-3rd leaf after the 1st flower bud of the flower branch, leaving the nearest 1 leaf bud to form a new flower branch, and all the rest lateral buds are removed; 3.2, the pruning method of the mixed type flower branches, topping when 3-6 mixed buds are produced, removing all the pure leaf buds, and leaving 3-5 leaves of each lateral branch of the mixed buds to be topped; 3.3, the pruning method of the dead bud type flower branches, shortening from the 3rd-4th leaf after the 1st flower bud of the flower branch, forming a new flower branch from the strongest leaf bud, and all the rest lateral buds are removed; 3.4, the pruning method of the normal type flower branches, topping when the number of flower buds on the flower branches reaches 10-15, and all the leaf buds are removed; The pruning method in step 3 refers to pruning when the flower branches are growing vigorously and are in the semi-fibrous state; The suitable temperature requirement for the pruning in step 3 is 25℃≤T<35℃ for the daily maximum temperature and 15℃<T≤25℃ for the daily minimum temperature.