An intelligent inhibitor spraying system for preventing and controlling coal spontaneous combustion in goaf

Abstract

The application discloses an intelligent inhibitor spraying system for preventing and controlling coal spontaneous combustion in a goaf, wherein a data processing unit is used for collecting mine environment parameters and transmitting the parameters to an intelligent risk identification unit; the intelligent risk identification unit is used for intelligently identifying coal spontaneous combustion risks according to the environment parameters, determining an inhibitor mixing ratio according to a predicted temperature when it is determined that there is a coal spontaneous combustion risk, and generating a corresponding control signal; a composite inhibitor stirring and storing unit is used for mixing and stirring inhibitor raw materials with water according to the control signal, and a discharge port of the composite inhibitor stirring and storing unit is connected with a conveying pipeline; a high-pressure nitrogen gas mixing unit is connected with the conveying pipeline through a mixing bin, so as to convey the mixed nitrogen gas and inhibitor to a spraying unit; the spraying unit comprises a plurality of spraying ports, each of which is provided with an electromagnetic valve controlled by the intelligent risk identification unit, and is used for uniformly spraying the mixed inhibitor to a coal spontaneous combustion hidden danger area in the goaf.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine spontaneous combustion disaster prevention technology, and in particular to an intelligent spraying system for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf areas. Background Technology

[0002] Coal is my country's primary energy source. During coal mining, the risk of spontaneous combustion in goaf areas is unavoidable due to current mining methods. Spontaneous combustion not only wastes resources and pollutes the environment but can also trigger serious secondary disasters such as gas explosions and coal dust explosions, posing a severe threat to coal mine safety. Therefore, mines typically employ measures such as nitrogen injection, spraying inhibitors, and grouting to prevent and extinguish fires in goaf areas. Among these, the spraying of inhibitors, which acts directly on the coal surface and disrupts the spontaneous combustion reaction chain, has advantages such as relatively low cost, rapid response, and flexible operation, and has become one of the important means of preventing spontaneous combustion in coal.

[0003] However, the current methods of spraying inhibitors in mines are mostly manual or semi-automatic, lacking real-time perception and intelligent response to the complex environmental parameters of the goaf, making it difficult to respond promptly to the dynamic changes in coal oxidation reactions. In addition to the lack of an intelligent and efficient spraying system, the inhibitor formulation methods used are also limited, failing to accurately adjust according to the characteristics of coal temperature and different oxidation stages, resulting in unstable inhibitory effects on coal spontaneous combustion. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. Therefore, the first objective of this invention is to propose an intelligent spraying system for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf areas. This system intelligently assesses the risk of spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf areas, predicts the temperature of risk areas to adjust the inhibitor ratio, and automatically sprays the inhibitor in a targeted manner onto the risk areas to ultimately eliminate the regional risk.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of the present invention provides an intelligent spraying system for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf areas. The system includes: a data collection and processing unit, an intelligent risk identification unit, a composite inhibitor mixing and storage unit, a high-pressure nitrogen mixing unit, a delivery pipeline, and a spraying unit; wherein,

[0006] The data processing unit is used to collect mine environmental parameters and transmit them to the intelligent risk identification unit;

[0007] The intelligent risk identification unit is used to intelligently determine the risk of spontaneous combustion of coal based on environmental parameters. When it is determined that there is a risk of spontaneous combustion of coal, the mixing ratio of the inhibitor is determined based on the predicted temperature, and a corresponding control signal is generated.

[0008] The composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit is used to mix and stir the inhibitor raw material with water according to the control signal. The outlet of the composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit is connected to the conveying pipeline.

[0009] The high-pressure nitrogen mixing unit is connected to the delivery pipeline through a mixing chamber to mix nitrogen and inhibitor and then deliver them to the spraying unit.

[0010] The spraying unit includes multiple spray nozzles, each equipped with a solenoid valve controlled by an intelligent risk identification unit, used to spray the mixed inhibitor in a directional and uniform manner onto the coal spontaneous combustion hazard area in the goaf.

[0011] In addition, the intelligent spraying system for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf areas according to the above embodiments of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the data collection and processing unit includes an environmental monitoring sensor, a data processor, and a wired network; wherein,

[0013] Environmental monitoring sensors are deployed in the goaf area to acquire real-time data on the concentration of typical gas components in the goaf area and transmit it to the data processor. Typical gases include O2, CO, CO2, CH4, and C2H4.

[0014] The data processor is used to standardize and format the concentration data of typical gas components, and then transmits the processed data to the intelligent risk identification unit in real time via a wired network.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the intelligent risk identification unit employs a dual early warning model based on CQR-TabPFN (temperature prediction and risk classification) to identify risks in the environmental gas data of the goaf area, specifically including:

[0016] First, TabPFN (Tabular Prior-Data Fitted Network) is used to perform short-term multi-step prediction of coal body temperature;

[0017] Subsequently, CQR (Conditional Quantile Regression) is introduced to construct a prediction interval with limited sample coverage to obtain a temperature forecast with uncertainty. Based on this, cumulative linked ordered logistic regression is established with temperature point prediction, upper and lower limits of the interval, and key gas characteristics as independent variables to achieve ordered discrimination of spontaneous combustion risk level.

[0018] If a risk of spontaneous combustion is determined, the dosage ratio of the inhibitor will be dynamically adjusted based on the regional temperature data predicted by the early warning model.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the dosage ratio of the inhibitor is dynamically adjusted based on regional temperature data predicted by an early warning model, including:

[0020] When the temperature is between 30-90℃, the inhibitor is prepared using the first preset ratio;

[0021] When the temperature is between 90-150℃, the inhibitor is prepared using the second preset ratio.

[0022] When the temperature is between 150-200℃, the inhibitor is prepared using the third preset ratio.

[0023] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first preset ratio is (1.6-2.0):1 by mass of BHT solution and TBHQ solution; the second preset ratio is (0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2) by mass of BHT solution and TBHQ solution; and the third preset ratio is 1:(1.6-2.0) by mass of BHT solution and TBHQ solution.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit includes a first preparation chamber and a second preparation chamber that are independent of each other. Each of the first and second preparation chambers has an independent raw material storage chamber above it. A weighing device is connected to the bottom of each raw material storage chamber to control the amount of material fed in. The raw material storage chamber is connected to the corresponding preparation chamber through a feed inlet, and a water inlet is provided at the other end of each preparation chamber. Both the first and second preparation chambers are equipped with motor-driven stirring devices. Water level sensors are installed on the side walls of both the first and second preparation chambers to monitor and adjust the water level within the preparation chambers. Both the first and second preparation chambers have discharge ports at their bottoms, which are connected to a conveying pipeline. Solenoid valves are installed at the feed inlet, water inlet, and discharge port. The weighing device, water level sensor, stirring device, and solenoid valves are all controlled by an intelligent risk identification unit.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the raw material storage bins above the first preparation bin and the second preparation bin respectively store high-concentration inhibitor stock solutions of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and tert-butylhydroquinone.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the high-pressure nitrogen mixing unit includes a high-pressure resistant mixing chamber connected to an inhibitor liquid inlet and a high-pressure nitrogen gas inlet. The inhibitor liquid inlet is connected to an atomizer for atomizing the inhibitor liquid into fine particles. A pressure sensor is provided in the mixing chamber to monitor the chamber pressure in real time. The high-pressure nitrogen and the atomized inhibitor liquid are fully mixed in the chamber and output through the steam outlet.

[0027] According to one embodiment of the present invention, environmental monitoring sensors deployed in the goaf area collect typical gas component concentration data in real time and transmit the typical gas component concentration data to a data processor. After preliminary processing of the data, the data processor transmits it to an intelligent risk identification unit. The intelligent risk identification unit performs comprehensive analysis and judgment on the received data based on a built-in spontaneous combustion risk early warning model. When a risk of coal spontaneous combustion is identified, the solenoid valve of the water supply pipeline is opened, and a control command is sent to the composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit so that the composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit releases the inhibitor into the first preparation chamber and the second preparation chamber according to a set dosage. The inhibitor is mixed with water in the first preparation chamber and the second preparation chamber in proportion, and then transported to the mixing chamber of the high-pressure nitrogen mixing unit through a conveying pipeline. The inhibitor is fully mixed with high-pressure nitrogen in the mixing chamber to form a stable high-pressure inhibitor gas-liquid mixture, which is then sprayed in atomized form to the coal spontaneous combustion hazard area in the goaf area through a spraying unit.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0029] 1. This invention fully utilizes existing underground coal mine monitoring systems and gas chromatography analysis systems, enabling real-time acquisition of concentration data for typical gases such as O2, CO, CO2, CH4, and C2H4 without the need for additional sensor installations. Based on this, the adopted CQR-TabPFN-based temperature prediction and risk grading dual-early warning model integrates the advantages of Conditional Quantile Regression (CQR) and TabPFN technologies. CQR can predict the quantile trend of coal temperature changes, and compared to traditional mean regression methods, it can simultaneously output temperature prediction values ​​under different confidence intervals, thus effectively characterizing prediction uncertainty. TabPFN, on the other hand, is a deep model for tabular data processing based on prior fitting, characterized by rapid learning and strong generalization capabilities with small samples, enabling high-precision modeling under limited sample conditions in underground coal mine monitoring systems. Through the coupling of these models, not only can high-precision prediction of the temperature in coal spontaneous combustion risk areas be achieved, but also risk level grading and early warning can be performed based on the predicted temperature distribution intervals. By intelligently analyzing predicted temperatures, the system can automatically adjust the inhibitor ratio, achieving intelligent control of the entire process from data acquisition and risk identification to inhibitor application, effectively improving the scientific and precise nature of coal spontaneous combustion prevention and control.

[0030] 2. The intelligent risk identification unit and the weighing device form a collaborative linkage mechanism. When the inhibitor storage level falls below the set warning threshold, the system can automatically issue a warning signal, effectively avoiding the impact of insufficient inhibitor supply on the spraying effect, thereby significantly reducing the frequency of manual intervention. Operators only need to replenish high-concentration BHT and TBHQ stock solutions in a timely manner after receiving the warning prompt to meet subsequent prevention and control needs, without having to participate in tedious preparation and spraying operations. All other steps are completed automatically by the system. From the initial collection of environmental gas parameters based on the bundled tube monitoring system and real-time transmission to the data processing unit; to the intelligent risk identification unit calling the built-in temperature prediction and risk classification model to analyze and judge the monitoring data, determine whether there is a risk of spontaneous combustion of coal and its development trend; when a risk exists, the composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit is automatically activated, controlling the BHT and TBHQ ratio according to the identified temperature range to achieve precise preparation of the inhibitor solution; and then the system controls the synchronous delivery of high-pressure nitrogen, so that the inhibitor solution is fully mixed with nitrogen in the mixing chamber to form a stable gas-liquid mixture. Finally, the inhibitor is released directionally via the solenoid valve of the spraying unit, uniformly covering the target area of ​​the goaf as a high-pressure gas-liquid mixture, thus deeply inhibiting the oxidation reaction of the coal. Through intelligent and automated control of the entire process, the monitoring, preparation, mixing, and spraying of the inhibitor are highly integrated, improving both the directionality and uniformity of spraying, and significantly enhancing the response speed and reliability of coal mine fire prevention.

[0031] 3. A smart control strategy for the proportion of inhibitors based on temperature prediction is proposed to address the reaction characteristics of different stages of coal spontaneous combustion. BHT shows significant effectiveness in the low-temperature oxidation stage of coal, while TBHQ performs better in the high-temperature stage. When the temperature is between 30 and 90℃, the mass ratio of BHT to TBHQ solution is (1.6-2.0):1; at 90-150℃, the ratio is (0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2); and at 150-200℃, the ratio is 1:(1.6-2.0). By dynamically adjusting the ratio, the inhibitors can more effectively suppress spontaneous combustion reactions at different stages. Simultaneously, this system utilizes atomization to enhance the dispersibility and permeability of the inhibitor particles, and achieves a synergistic inhibitory effect between nitrogen and the inhibitor. The high-pressure gas-liquid mixture state of the inhibitor ensures that it can quickly and uniformly penetrate the deep, potentially hazardous areas of the goaf. Ultimately, through the precise opening and closing of the solenoid valve of the spraying unit, the inhibitor is released in atomized form and directed to the target area, thereby effectively inhibiting the coal oxidation reaction process.

[0032] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 A block diagram of an intelligent spraying system for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf areas according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of an intelligent spraying system for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf areas according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an intelligent spraying system for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf areas according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit in an intelligent spraying system for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf areas according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the high-pressure nitrogen mixing unit of an intelligent spraying system for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf areas, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure label:

[0039] 1. Data collection and processing unit; 2. Intelligent risk identification unit; 3. Composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit; 4. High-pressure nitrogen mixing unit; 5. Delivery pipeline; 6. Spraying unit; 11. Environmental monitoring sensor; 12. Data processor; 13. Wired network; 31. First preparation chamber; 32. Second preparation chamber; 33. Raw material storage chamber; 34. Weighing device; 35. Feed inlet; 36. Water inlet; 37. Motor; 38. Stirring device; 39. Water volume sensor; 310. Discharge port; 311. Solenoid valve; 41. Inhibitor liquid inlet; 42. High-pressure nitrogen inlet; 43. High-pressure resistant mixing chamber; 44. Atomizer; 45. Pressure sensor; 46. Steam outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0040] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0041] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes an intelligent spraying system for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf areas, based on embodiments of the present invention.

[0042] like Figures 1 to 5As shown in the figure, the intelligent spraying system for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf areas according to an embodiment of the present invention may include: a data collection and processing unit 1, an intelligent risk identification unit 2, a composite inhibitor mixing and storage unit 3, a high-pressure nitrogen mixing unit 4, a delivery pipeline 5, and a spraying unit 6; wherein, the data processing unit is used to collect mine environmental parameters and transmit them to the intelligent risk identification unit 2; the intelligent risk identification unit 2 is used to intelligently determine the risk of spontaneous combustion of coal based on the environmental parameters, and when it is determined that there is a risk of spontaneous combustion of coal, it determines the mixing ratio of the inhibitor based on the predicted temperature, and... The corresponding control signal is generated; the composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit 3 is used to mix and stir the inhibitor raw material with water according to the control signal, and the discharge port 310 of the composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit 3 is connected to the conveying pipeline 5; the high-pressure nitrogen mixing unit 4 is connected to the conveying pipeline 5 through the mixing chamber to mix nitrogen and inhibitor and then convey them to the spraying unit 6; the spraying unit 6 includes multiple spraying ports, each spraying port is equipped with a solenoid valve 311 controlled by the intelligent risk identification unit 2, which is used to spray the mixed inhibitor in a directional and uniform manner to the coal spontaneous combustion hazard area in the goaf.

[0043] Specifically, the intelligent spraying system for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf areas first collects mine environmental parameters (such as temperature and gas concentration) in real time through the data collection and processing unit 1, and transmits the data to the intelligent risk identification unit 2. This unit intelligently judges the risk of spontaneous combustion of coal based on the environmental data. If a risk exists, it calculates the mixing ratio of the inhibitor based on the predicted temperature and generates a control signal. After receiving the signal, the composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit 3 mixes the inhibitor raw materials with water in proportion to form an inhibitor solution. The solution enters the conveying pipeline 5 through the outlet 310. At the same time, the high-pressure nitrogen mixing unit 4 fully mixes the nitrogen and the solution through the mixing chamber to form a two-phase flow of gas mist to enhance the diffusion effect. Finally, the mixed inhibitor is transported to the spraying unit 6 through the pipeline. Its multiple spray nozzles are independently adjusted by the solenoid valves 311 controlled by the intelligent risk identification unit 2 to achieve directional and uniform spraying of the goaf potential area, thereby achieving precise spraying and deep coverage of the inhibitor, and thus effectively suppressing spontaneous combustion of coal. The entire process integrates environmental perception, risk assessment, intelligent linkage, and precise spraying, comprehensively improving the automation and precision of coal spontaneous combustion prevention and control.

[0044] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the data collection and processing unit 1 includes an environmental monitoring sensor 11, a data processor 12, and a wired network 13. The environmental monitoring sensor 11 is deployed in the goaf area to acquire real-time concentration data of typical gas components in the goaf and transmit it to the data processor 12. Typical gases include O2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H4, etc. The data processor 12 performs standardized preprocessing and formatted encoding on the typical gas component concentration data, and then transmits the processed data to the intelligent risk identification unit 2 in real-time via the wired network 13. The environmental monitoring sensor 11 can be an existing bundled tube monitoring system in the mine.

[0045] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the intelligent risk identification unit 2 adopts a dual early warning model based on temperature prediction and risk classification using CQR-TabPFN to identify risks in the environmental gas data of the goaf. Specifically, it includes: firstly, using TabPFN to perform short-term multi-step prediction of coal body temperature; then, introducing CQR to construct a prediction interval with limited sample coverage to obtain a temperature forecast with uncertainty; based on this, using temperature point prediction, upper and lower limits of the interval, and key gas characteristics as independent variables, establishing a cumulative linked ordered logistic regression to achieve ordered discrimination of spontaneous combustion risk level; if spontaneous combustion risk is determined to exist, the addition ratio of inhibitor is dynamically adjusted according to the regional temperature data predicted by the early warning model.

[0046] Specifically, the intelligent risk identification unit 2 first performs high-precision short-term multi-step prediction of coal body temperature in the goaf based on the TabPFN algorithm, generating a temperature change trend. Then, it constructs a prediction interval with statistical confidence using the CQR method, forming a temperature probability forecast with uncertainty metrics. Based on this, it integrates predicted temperature points, upper and lower limits of the prediction interval, and key gas characteristics (such as oxygen and carbon monoxide concentrations), employing a cumulative linked ordered logistic regression model for multi-dimensional comprehensive analysis to achieve ordered risk level discrimination from low to high. If spontaneous combustion risk is determined, the system dynamically calculates and adjusts the concentration and spraying strategy of the inhibitor based on the regional temperature prediction data output by the early warning model, achieving precise prevention and control response based on risk level. The entire process combines machine learning and statistical inference, significantly improving the reliability of coal spontaneous combustion risk identification and the scientific nature of control.

[0047] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the dosage ratio of the inhibitor is dynamically adjusted based on the regional temperature data predicted by the early warning model, including: when the temperature is between 30-90°C, the inhibitor is prepared using a first preset ratio; when the temperature is between 90-150°C, the inhibitor is prepared using a second preset ratio; and when the temperature is between 150-200°C, the inhibitor is prepared using a third preset ratio.

[0048] Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the first preset ratio is a mass ratio of BHT solution to TBHQ solution of (1.6-2.0):1; the second preset ratio is a mass ratio of BHT solution to TBHQ solution of (0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2); and the third preset ratio is a mass ratio of BHT solution to TBHQ solution of 1:(1.6-2.0). By dynamically adjusting the ratio, the inhibitor can more effectively suppress the auto-ignition reaction at different stages. In this embodiment, the mass concentration of BHT solution is 30wt%, and the mass concentration of TBHQ solution is 60wt%.

[0049] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit 3 includes a first preparation chamber 31 and a second preparation chamber 32 that are independent of each other. Each of the first preparation chamber 31 and the second preparation chamber 32 is provided with an independent raw material storage chamber 33. The raw material storage chambers 33 above the first preparation chamber 31 and the second preparation chamber 32 respectively store high-concentration 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol inhibitor stock solution and high-concentration tert-butylhydroquinone inhibitor stock solution. The bottom of the raw material storage silo 33 is connected to a weighing device 34 for controlling the amount of material fed in. The raw material storage silo 33 is connected to the corresponding preparation silo through the feed inlet 35, and the other end of the preparation silo is provided with a water inlet 36. The first preparation silo 31 and the second preparation silo 32 are both equipped with a stirring device 38 driven by a motor 37. The side walls of the first preparation silo 31 and the second preparation silo 32 are both equipped with water volume sensors 39 for monitoring and adjusting the water volume in the preparation silo. The bottom of the first preparation silo 31 and the second preparation silo 32 are both provided with a discharge port 310, which is connected to the conveying pipeline 5. The feed inlet 35, the water inlet 36 and the discharge port 310 are all equipped with solenoid valves 311. The weighing device 34, the water volume sensor 39, the stirring device 38 and the solenoid valve 311 are all controlled by the intelligent risk identification unit 2.

[0050] Specifically, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4As shown, the composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit 3 consists of two independent preparation chambers, a first preparation chamber 31 and a second preparation chamber 32. Each preparation chamber is equipped with a corresponding independent raw material storage chamber 33 above it, used to store high-concentration BHT and TBHQ inhibitor stock solutions respectively. A high-precision weighing device 34 is installed at the bottom of the raw material storage chamber 33, which can monitor and precisely control the quality of inhibitor feeding in real time. During operation, if there is a risk of spontaneous combustion of coal in the goaf, the intelligent risk identification unit 2 predicts the temperature of the risk area based on the CQR-TabPFN temperature prediction and risk classification dual early warning model. If the predicted temperature is 78℃, a control command is sent to the corresponding storage chamber to open the solenoid valve 311 on the feed inlet 35, allowing the inhibitor stock solution required according to the first preset ratio to enter the corresponding preparation chamber. Simultaneously, the water inlets 36 on the first preparation chamber 31 and the second preparation chamber 32 are opened under the control of the solenoid valve 311, quantitatively inputting dilution water. Water level sensors 39 on the sidewalls of the first preparation chamber 31 and the second preparation chamber 32 monitor the water inflow in real time and feed the signal back to the intelligent risk identification unit 2 to dynamically adjust the water flow rate and ensure the accurate ratio of inhibitor to water. As feeding and water intake are completed, the stirring device 38 driven by the motor 37 in the first and second preparation chambers 31 and 32 starts. The high-speed rotating stirring device 38 thoroughly mixes the inhibitor stock solution with water, generating a composite inhibitor solution with uniform concentration and stable performance. After stirring is complete, the intelligent risk identification unit 2 controls the solenoid valve 311 at the discharge port 310 at the bottom of the preparation chamber to open, and the composite inhibitor solution enters the delivery pipeline 5 through the discharge port 310.

[0051] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the high-pressure nitrogen mixing unit 4 includes a high-pressure resistant mixing chamber 43 connected to an inhibitor liquid inlet 41 and a high-pressure nitrogen inlet 42. The inhibitor liquid inlet 41 is connected to an atomizer 44 for atomizing the inhibitor liquid into fine particles. A pressure sensor 45 is provided in the mixing chamber to monitor the chamber pressure in real time. The high-pressure nitrogen and the atomized inhibitor liquid are fully mixed in the chamber and output through the steam outlet 46.

[0052] Specifically, such as Figure 5As shown, the high-pressure nitrogen mixing unit 4 consists of a high-pressure resistant mixing chamber 43, which is equipped with an inhibitor inlet 41 and a high-pressure nitrogen inlet 42. During operation, the inhibitor solution from the composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit 3 enters through the inhibitor inlet 41 and undergoes preliminary atomization treatment by an atomizer 44 located at the inlet, converting the inhibitor solution into micron-sized fine droplets to increase the specific surface area and improve the contact efficiency with nitrogen. Simultaneously, high-pressure nitrogen is input into the mixing chamber through the inlet under the control of a pressure stabilizing device. At this time, the atomized inhibitor droplets and the high-speed flowing nitrogen form a strong turbulent mixing process within the chamber, achieving full gas-liquid fusion. A pressure sensor 45 installed inside the mixing chamber monitors the chamber pressure in real time and feeds the monitoring signal back to the intelligent risk identification unit 2 to ensure that the mixing process operates within a safe pressure range. After thorough mixing, the inhibitor gas-liquid mixture is stably output through the steam outlet 46, enters the delivery pipeline 5, and is guided to the spraying unit 6. With the help of high-pressure nitrogen, the mixture is further atomized and diffused at the nozzle, and finally sprayed into the goaf area with high coverage and strong penetration, so as to achieve rapid dispersion and uniform distribution of the inhibitor.

[0053] According to one embodiment of the present invention, environmental monitoring sensors 11 deployed in the goaf area collect typical gas component concentration data in real time and transmit the typical gas component concentration data to a data processor 12. After preliminary processing of the data, the data processor 12 transmits it to an intelligent risk identification unit 2. The intelligent risk identification unit 2 performs comprehensive analysis and judgment on the received data based on a built-in spontaneous combustion risk early warning model. When a risk of coal spontaneous combustion is identified, the solenoid valve 311 of the water supply pipeline is opened, and a control command is sent to the composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit 3, so that the composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit 3 releases the inhibitor into the first preparation chamber 31 and the second preparation chamber 32 according to the set dosage. After the inhibitor is mixed with water in the first preparation chamber 31 and the second preparation chamber 32 in proportion, it is transported to the mixing chamber of the high-pressure nitrogen mixing unit 4 through the conveying pipeline 5. The inhibitor is fully mixed with high-pressure nitrogen in the mixing chamber to form a stable high-pressure inhibitor gas-liquid mixture, which is then sprayed in atomized form by the spraying unit 6 to the coal spontaneous combustion hazard area in the goaf area.

[0054] It should be noted that in practical applications, the self-ignition risk warning model built into the intelligent risk identification unit 2 is not limited to the CQR-TabPFN temperature prediction and risk classification dual warning model in this embodiment. Similar models that establish graded warnings and predict temperatures based on environmental data can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0055] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the type of inhibitor is not limited to BHT and TBHQ, and the corresponding number of independent preparation chambers is not limited to two; two or more are acceptable. The inhibitor ratio is also not limited to the three in the examples; both the type and ratio of inhibitors can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0056] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0057] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0058] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0059] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart spraying system for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf areas, characterized in that, The system includes: a data collection and processing unit, an intelligent risk identification unit, a composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit, a high-pressure nitrogen mixing unit, delivery pipelines, and a spraying unit; wherein... The data processing unit is used to collect mine environmental parameters and transmit them to the intelligent risk identification unit; The intelligent risk identification unit is used to intelligently determine the risk of spontaneous combustion of coal based on environmental parameters. When it is determined that there is a risk of spontaneous combustion of coal, the mixing ratio of the inhibitor is determined based on the predicted temperature, and a corresponding control signal is generated. The composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit is used to mix and stir the inhibitor raw material with water according to the control signal, and the outlet of the composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit is connected to the conveying pipeline. The high-pressure nitrogen mixing unit is connected to the delivery pipeline through a mixing chamber to mix nitrogen and inhibitor and then deliver them together to the spraying unit. The spraying unit includes multiple spray nozzles, each of which is equipped with a solenoid valve controlled by the intelligent risk identification unit, for spraying the mixed inhibitor in a directional and uniform manner onto the coal spontaneous combustion hazard area in the goaf. The data collection and processing unit includes environmental monitoring sensors, a data processor, and a wired network; wherein... The environmental monitoring sensors are deployed in the goaf area to acquire real-time concentration data of typical gas components in the goaf area and transmit them to the data processor. The typical gases include O2, CO, CO2, CH4, and C2H4. The data processor is used to perform standardized preprocessing and formatted encoding of typical gas component concentration data, and then transmit the processed data to the intelligent risk identification unit in real time through the wired network. The intelligent risk identification unit employs a dual early warning model based on CQR-TabPFN, combining temperature prediction and risk classification, to identify risks in the environmental parameters of the goaf area. Specifically, this includes: First, TabPFN is used to perform short-term multi-step prediction of coal body temperature; Subsequently, CQR is introduced to construct a prediction interval with limited sample coverage guarantee for the prediction results, thereby obtaining a temperature forecast with uncertainty measurement. On this basis, with temperature point prediction, upper and lower limits of the interval and key gas characteristics as independent variables, a cumulative linked ordered logistic regression is established to achieve ordered discrimination of spontaneous combustion risk level. If a risk of spontaneous combustion is determined, the dosage ratio of the inhibitor will be dynamically adjusted based on the regional temperature data predicted by the early warning model.

2. The intelligent spraying system for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the regional temperature data predicted by the early warning model, the dosage ratio of the inhibitor is dynamically adjusted, including: When the temperature is between 30-90℃, the inhibitor is prepared using the first preset ratio; When the temperature is between 90-150℃, the inhibitor is prepared using the second preset ratio. When the temperature is between 150-200℃, the inhibitor is prepared using the third preset ratio.

3. The intelligent spraying system for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first preset ratio is a mass ratio of BHT solution to TBHQ solution of (1.6-2.0):1; the second preset ratio is a mass ratio of BHT solution to TBHQ solution of (0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2); and the third preset ratio is a mass ratio of BHT solution to TBHQ solution of 1:(1.6-2.0).

4. The intelligent spraying system for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit includes a first preparation chamber and a second preparation chamber that are independent of each other. Each of the first and second preparation chambers has an independent raw material storage chamber above it. A weighing device is connected to the bottom of each raw material storage chamber to control the amount of material fed in. Each raw material storage chamber is connected to the corresponding first or second preparation chamber via a feed inlet. Each of the first and second preparation chambers has a water inlet at its other end. Both the first and second preparation chambers are equipped with motor-driven stirring devices. Water level sensors are installed on the side walls of both the first and second preparation chambers to monitor the water level within them. Each of the first and second preparation chambers has a discharge outlet at its bottom, which is connected to the conveying pipeline. Solenoid valves are installed at the feed inlet, water inlet, and discharge outlet. The weighing device, water level sensor, stirring device, and solenoid valve are all controlled by the intelligent risk identification unit.

5. The intelligent spraying system for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf areas according to claim 4, characterized in that, The raw material storage silos above the first preparation chamber and the second preparation chamber respectively store high-concentration 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol inhibitor stock solution and high-concentration tert-butylhydroquinone inhibitor stock solution.

6. The intelligent spraying system for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf areas according to claim 5, characterized in that, The high-pressure nitrogen mixing unit includes a high-pressure resistant mixing chamber connected to an inhibitor liquid inlet and a high-pressure nitrogen gas inlet. The inhibitor liquid inlet is connected to an atomizer to atomize the inhibitor liquid into fine particles. A pressure sensor is installed inside the high-pressure resistant mixing chamber to monitor the pressure inside the chamber in real time. The high-pressure nitrogen and the atomized inhibitor liquid are fully mixed inside the high-pressure resistant mixing chamber and output through the steam outlet.

7. The intelligent spraying system for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, The environmental monitoring sensors deployed in the goaf collect typical gas component concentration data in real time and transmit the data to the data processor. After preliminary processing, the data processor transmits the data to the intelligent risk identification unit. The intelligent risk identification unit performs comprehensive analysis and judgment on the received data based on the built-in spontaneous combustion risk early warning model. When a risk of spontaneous combustion of coal is identified, the solenoid valve of the water supply pipeline is opened, and a control command is sent to the composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit so that the composite inhibitor stirring and storage unit releases the inhibitor into the first preparation chamber and the second preparation chamber according to the set dosage. After the inhibitor is mixed with water in the first preparation chamber and the second preparation chamber in a certain proportion, it is transported to the high-pressure mixing chamber of the high-pressure nitrogen mixing unit through the conveying pipeline. In the high-pressure mixing chamber, the inhibitor is fully mixed with high-pressure nitrogen to form a stable high-pressure inhibitor gas-liquid mixture. Then, it is sprayed in atomized form to the coal spontaneous combustion hazard area in the goaf through the spraying unit.

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