A load switch operating mechanism and a load switch

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of power distribution switchgear technology, specifically to a load switch operating mechanism and a load switch. The load switch operating mechanism includes a drive shaft, a dial, a driven plate, a lever, and an elastic element. The dial is vertically fixed to one end of the drive shaft and has a first drive lug, a first clearance zone, and a second drive lug arranged sequentially along the circumference. The driven plate is rotatably sleeved on the drive shaft, parallel to the dial and with a gap, and has a first driven lug, a second clearance zone, and a second driven lug arranged sequentially along the circumference. The lever has its two ends located in the first clearance zone and the second clearance zone, respectively. The elastic element has one end rotatably connected to a fixed shaft and the other end rotatably connected to the lever. Through the alternating arrangement of the dial, driven plate, lever, and double clearance zones, reliable mechanical decoupling of the energy storage and release stages, improved action consistency, and a fundamental reduction in the risk of malfunction are achieved without increasing the volume or structural complexity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power distribution switchgear technology, specifically to a load switch operating mechanism and a load switch. Background Technology

[0002] Load switches typically employ an operating mechanism that uses spring-loaded energy storage and release to rapidly open and close the contacts. The common practice is to hold the spring in its energy-storing state using limiting components (locks, latches, etc.), releasing the limiting force upon receiving an opening / closing command, allowing the spring to quickly release and complete the action. However, the following common problems still exist in engineering practice:

[0003] Firstly, single limiting components are prone to wear, loosening, or displacement after long-term operation. Under conditions of vibration, impact, or misoperation, they may release prematurely or delayedly, leading to safety hazards such as accidental closing or opening of the circuit breaker.

[0004] Secondly, the energy storage stage and the output stage are often not clearly coupled. During the compression spring process, the drive side may reverse the movement of the output side, causing the drive shaft to be dragged in the opposite direction, uneven operating force, or unexpected small-amplitude contact displacement.

[0005] Third, the limit stroke and impact buffering measures are insufficient. When the contact or mechanism is in place, it often uses hard limit to absorb kinetic energy, which can easily cause overshoot, rebound or component impact damage.

[0006] To compensate for the above shortcomings, some devices have introduced more auxiliary parts and complex linkage structures, resulting in increased overall size, more complex assembly and debugging, higher maintenance costs, and difficulty in flexibly adapting to compact switch carriers.

[0007] In summary, existing technologies struggle to achieve reliable mechanical decoupling between the energy storage and release phases while ensuring controllability and safety margins during operation, without increasing the size and complexity of the mechanism. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose an improved load switch operating mechanism and its matching load switch to enhance the stability and safety of the energy storage and release processes while simplifying the structure. Summary of the Invention

[0008] (I) The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that in the existing load switch operating mechanism, the spring lacks a clear and reliable mechanical decoupling boundary between the spring and the output side during the energy storage and release phases. When the limiting component ages or is subjected to vibration and impact, it is easy to cause the drive shaft to be dragged in the opposite direction, the contacts to produce undesirable displacement, or even erroneous opening / closing. It is difficult to effectively control this without increasing the volume and structural complexity.

[0009] (II) Technical Solution

[0010] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a load switch operating mechanism for instantaneous opening and closing of the pole, comprising:

[0011] The drive shaft has a fixed rotating shaft arranged parallel to one side;

[0012] The dial is vertically and fixedly connected to one end of the drive shaft, and is provided with a first drive lug, a first clearance area and a second drive lug in sequence along the circumferential direction.

[0013] The driven disc is rotatably sleeved on the drive shaft, parallel to the dial and with a gap, and is provided with a first driven lug, a second clearance area and a second driven lug in sequence along the circumference;

[0014] A lever is arranged parallel to one side of the drive shaft. The lever body is rotatably connected to the drive shaft section at the gap between the dial and the driven plate via a pivot. Its two ends are located in the first clearance area and the second clearance area, respectively. Under the limitation of the pivot, it moves in an arc-shaped trajectory around the axis of the drive shaft. The arc-shaped trajectory crosses the line connecting the axis of the fixed rotating shaft and the axis of the drive shaft. The line divides the arc-shaped trajectory into two arc-shaped segments.

[0015] An elastic element, one end of which is rotatably connected to the fixed rotating shaft, and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the lever;

[0016] When the dial rotates in any direction and the first end of the lever is moved, the elastic element is compressed and stored, and the second end of the lever slides along the second clearance zone.

[0017] When the lever passes the center position corresponding to the connecting line and enters another arc segment from any arc segment, the elastic element releases energy, the second end of the lever pushes the driven disk to rotate, and the first end of the lever slides along the first clearance zone; the opening and closing lever is used to reciprocate in a predetermined direction to drive the load switch to complete the opening and closing.

[0018] A transmission assembly is connected to the driven plate and the opening / closing lever, so as to drive the opening / closing lever to complete reciprocating motion when the driven plate is pushed by the lever.

[0019] Therefore, during the energy storage phase, the dial drives the first end of the lever to work while the second end always slides along the idle distance of the second clearance zone, keeping the driven plate stationary and preventing the drive shaft from being dragged backward. When the lever passes the center position corresponding to the connecting line and enters another arc segment, entering the output phase, the elastic element releases energy, the second end of the lever pushes the driven plate, and the first end slides along the idle distance of the first clearance zone. This trajectory of "sliding the idle distance in segments in the second and first clearance zones respectively"—the clearance coordination—clearly separates energy storage and output geometrically: energy storage does not output, and output only occurs when energy is released. Without the need for an additional holding mechanism with a long-term locking spring, consistent, controllable, and reciprocating symmetrical opening and closing actions can be obtained, and the risk of malfunction and reverse drag is significantly reduced without increasing the size and complexity.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the load switch operating mechanism further includes a first support partition and a second support partition, wherein the first support partition and the second support partition are disposed opposite to each other and jointly support and position the drive shaft and the fixed rotating shaft;

[0021] The first support partition is located on one side of the dial and has an arc-shaped through groove corresponding to the arc-shaped movement trajectory of the lever, so that the first end of the lever is simultaneously located in the first clearance area and the arc-shaped through groove, thereby providing limitation and guidance for the movement of the lever.

[0022] Through the load-bearing and guiding arrangement of the aforementioned double partitions, the drive shaft and fixed rotating shaft can be rigidly clamped and coaxially (parallel) positioned in the axial direction, significantly improving the overall deformation resistance and geometric stability of the mechanism. The arc-shaped through groove provides lateral guidance and stroke limit for the lever, which is strictly consistent with its arc trajectory, reducing the swing error and backlash wear of the lever during the reciprocating swing process of energy storage / release, and maintaining the repeatability of the trigger point and the consistency of the action when the lever crosses the center position. On the other hand, the arc-shaped through groove envelops and constrains the first end of the lever, preventing it from interfering with or getting stuck with adjacent components under extreme impact or assembly tolerance accumulation, thereby improving the reliability and life of the whole machine and reducing the sensitivity of debugging and maintenance to assembly accuracy.

[0023] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the arc-shaped through groove is provided with a radially outward protruding section at the intersection with the line connecting the axis of the fixed rotating shaft and the axis of the drive shaft. When the lever moves from one arc-shaped section to another arc-shaped section, the protruding section applies additional pressure to the lever, so that the elastic element is further compressed.

[0024] The pivot member includes a connecting arm, one end of which is rotatably connected to a drive shaft section at the gap between the dial and the driven plate, and the other end of which is provided with a clearance through hole for the insertion and rotation of the lever. The diameter of the clearance through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the lever insertion point to provide radial clearance when the lever crosses the protruding section.

[0025] By setting a radially convex protrusion at the intersection of the arc-shaped through groove and the connecting line, the lever is passively compressed again before crossing the center boundary, giving the elastic element a secondary and predictable additional compression. On the one hand, this increases the output energy and speed at the moment of release, enhancing the contact reliability and anti-rebound capability when the contacts close (or break). On the other hand, it generates obvious force feedback when approaching the center position, facilitating manual fine-tuning and control of the drive shaft and reducing misoperation caused by unclear critical positions. At the same time, the clearance through hole at the end of the connecting arm of the pivot member has a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the lever insertion part, which can generate radial clearance when the lever crosses the protrusion, avoiding jamming, over-constraint, or local seizing due to additional compression. This clearance structure can also absorb machining and assembly tolerances, reducing dependence on hole position accuracy, thereby improving the smoothness and durability of the mechanism in long-term operation while ensuring the additional compression effect.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the load switch operating mechanism further includes:

[0027] A limiting rod is arranged parallel to the drive shaft, with its two ends fixed to the first support partition and the second support partition, respectively. The limiting rod is located outside the circumferential movement path of the dial and the driven plate, and is correspondingly arranged with the first drive lug, the second drive lug, the first driven lug, and the second driven lug. When the dial or the driven plate rotates to a preset maximum angle, the corresponding drive lug or driven lug abuts against the limiting rod and is blocked, thereby limiting the maximum rotation angle of the dial and the driven plate.

[0028] By using the limiting rods fixed to the two supporting partitions, rigid angular boundaries can be established simultaneously on both sides of the mechanism's output and drive ends: when the lug on either side of the dial or driven disc reaches the preset limit position, it abuts against the limiting rod, achieving precise and repeatable limitation of its maximum rotation angle; at the same time, the limiting rod transfers and disperses the ultimate load from the locally weak disc edge—the lug—to the two supporting partitions, reducing impact concentration and fatigue accumulation. This structure also simplifies assembly and debugging: by setting the corresponding angular positions of the limiting rods and each lug, the "mechanism zero position / limit position" can be quickly and intuitively calibrated, ensuring the consistency and symmetry of the rotation angles in the forward and reverse working cycles, providing stable and reproducible boundary conditions for subsequent coordination with the transmission components to convert angular displacement into linear displacement of the opening and closing levers.

[0029] Furthermore, the limiting rod, acting as a "tethering rod" connecting the two supporting partitions, not only limits the maximum rotation angle but also provides a rigid connection and support to the two supporting partitions. This improves the overall bending and torsional stiffness of the partition assembly and reduces the risks of plate deflection, axial offset, and increased clearance caused by long-term impact and eccentric loading. Simultaneously, the limiting rod absorbs the main impact and energy at the extreme positions of the dial / driven disc, preventing the curved through-slot shoulder from being repeatedly eroded, chipped, or plastically deformed during reciprocating cycles. This effectively provides a "redundant limiting path" parallel to the curved through-slot for the end of the lever. This structure also avoids localized stress concentration and member bending problems caused by relying solely on single-end limiting of the lever, significantly improving the mechanism's morphological stability and lifespan under extreme conditions. Moreover, in compact arrangements without curved through-slots or with limited through-slot dimensions, the limiting rod can also be used independently as a rotation limiting and partition reinforcement component, thereby expanding the adaptability of this mechanism under different installation spaces and cost constraints.

[0030] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a buffer collar is detachably fitted onto the limiting rod at the point where it abuts against the corresponding driving lug or driven lug. The buffer collar is made of a material with a certain degree of elasticity. On the one hand, when the dial or driven disc reaches its limit angle and contacts the limiting rod, it absorbs impact kinetic energy, reduces noise and peak stress, and prevents chipping, indentation or fatigue cracks from occurring on the lug end and the surface of the limiting rod due to repeated hard impacts. On the other hand, the radial thickness of the buffer collar can be replaced / adjusted, so that the maximum angle (stroke) can be finely adjusted without reprocessing the limiting rod or disc body, which is convenient for assembly calibration and in-service maintenance. At the same time, the detachable structure allows for quick replacement after wear, reducing maintenance costs and extending the overall life of the machine.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the transmission assembly includes:

[0032] A drive block fixed to the driven disk and extending radially or circumferentially therefrom;

[0033] The swing arm is pivotally mounted on the second support plate via a pivot shaft. One end is the force-bearing end, which cooperates with the drive block, and the other end is the swing end, which is rotatably connected to the opening and closing lever.

[0034] When the driven disk rotates under the drive of the lever, the drive block pushes the force-bearing end of the swing arm, causing the swing arm to swing around the pivot axis, and converts the swing into the reciprocating linear motion of the opening and closing lever along a predetermined direction through the rotatable connection between the swing end and the opening and closing lever.

[0035] Through the aforementioned combination of drive block and swing arm, the angular displacement from the driven plate is directly converted into the linear reciprocating motion of the opening and closing lever with minimal intermediate links: the drive block pushes the force-bearing end of the swing arm circumferentially (or radially), and the swing arm forms a defined lever arm and angle relationship around its pivot axis, thereby outputting a linear displacement with controllable stroke at the swing end. This transmission path has a short link, few joints, and small backlash, which reduces energy loss during transmission and minimizes the impact of accumulated tolerances of multiple linkages on the accuracy of the terminal stroke. At the same time, the swing arm is pivotally mounted on the second support partition, and the rigidity and positioning accuracy of the partition ensure the geometric consistency and repeatability of the swing arm rotation plane and the linear motion direction of the lever, avoiding unnecessary lateral forces on the opening and closing lever. Since the drive block and the force-bearing end of the swing arm form a clear contact / fit interface, both forward and reverse working cycles can be completed in the same mechanism, achieving symmetry and predictability of the output path, which is beneficial for consistent control and maintenance calibration of opening and closing speed and stroke.

[0036] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the load switch operating mechanism further includes two sets of drive devices connected to the same input end of the drive shaft:

[0037] A manual drive device includes a pluggable handle and a connecting member that is connected to the input end of the drive shaft. The handle is detachably connected to the drive shaft through the connecting member and forms a torque transmission relationship with the drive shaft, so that when the handle is rotated back and forth, the drive shaft rotates back and forth within a preset angle range.

[0038] An electric drive device includes a servo motor, an output rocker arm, a transmission rod, and an input rocker arm connected in sequence. The input rocker arm is fixedly connected to the input end of the drive shaft. The servo motor is indirectly connected to the input rocker arm through a one-way clutch shaft disposed between its output shaft and the output rocker arm. The one-way continuous rotation of the servo motor is converted by the output rocker arm and the transmission rod into the input rocker arm reciprocating within a preset angle range, thereby driving the drive shaft to rotate.

[0039] The one-way clutch shaft is configured such that when the drive shaft is driven to rotate by the manual drive device, the electric drive device is in an overrunning idle state and is not dragged in the opposite direction.

[0040] The aforementioned "dual-drive, same-end input" arrangement allows both manual and electric modes to share the same drive shaft input end, achieving a compact structure and simplified assembly path without adding a second input shaft or additional reversing gear. The motor side is connected to the input rocker arm via a one-way clutch shaft (overrunning clutch), which can automatically overrun and avoid being dragged in reverse when manual intervention is involved. This ensures that the opening and closing operations can still be completed safely and directly in manual mode during maintenance, power outages, or faults. Conversely, when the electric drive device is working, if the handle is still connected to the drive shaft and forms a torque transmission relationship, the handle will reciprocate synchronously with the drive shaft. Meanwhile, the unidirectional continuous rotation of the servo motor is converted into reciprocating oscillation within a limited angle range through the "output rocker arm - transmission rod - input rocker arm", ensuring that the drive shaft outputs only one effective energy storage and one effective release in each cycle. The stroke and angle can be preset and reproduced through the linkage geometry parameters, improving the consistency and controllability of the action. Overall, this solution is superior to traditional dual-drive mechanisms with split-end input or no overrunning clutch protection in terms of redundant operation, safety isolation, and ease of assembly and maintenance.

[0041] Furthermore, the handle of the manual drive device includes at least two grip sections, one of which extends outward and bends to form an indicator needle for status indication. The indicator needle rotates with the drive shaft to indicate the current open / closed state relative to the open / closed markings provided on the load switch housing.

[0042] The indicator needle formed by the bending of one gripping section of the handle rigidly follows the drive shaft. Therefore, when the electric drive is working and the handle is not removed, the indicator needle will also reciprocate with the drive shaft, directly providing a real-time, visual mechanical position indication at the corresponding open / close marking on the housing. During manual operation, the indicator needle also reflects the current status synchronously. Thus, there is no need for an additional independent dial-type or gear-type mechanical indicator mechanism, reducing the number of components and assembly links. Simultaneously, the position indication and drive shaft movement are on the same rigid transmission chain, avoiding reading deviations caused by accumulated clearances. This provides an intuitive, low-cost status display method compatible with both electric and manual drive modes for on-site maintenance.

[0043] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the load switch operating mechanism further includes a position indicator device disposed within the load switch housing. The position indicator device is connected to the opening and closing lever and is used to output position information when the opening and closing lever moves, so as to perform secondary verification of the position of the opening and closing lever. When there is sufficient space inside the load switch, it avoids reading errors that may occur due to relying solely on the handle indication, thereby improving operational safety and the interlocking reliability of the automation system.

[0044] The present invention also provides a load switch, including the load switch operating mechanism described in any of the above claims.

[0045] (III) Beneficial effects of the present invention: This application replaces the fragile long-term locking mechanism of the elastic element with a new organizational method of automatically releasing the elastic element through the alternating arrangement of the dial, driven dial, lever and double clearance zone, and the automatic release of the elastic element through the center. Without increasing the volume and structural complexity, it achieves reliable mechanical decoupling of the energy storage and release stages, improves the consistency of action and reduces the root cause of the risk of malfunction. Attached Figure Description

[0046] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0047] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a load switch provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a load switch from a second perspective, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a load switch operating mechanism provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the first state of the energy storage and release device and its cooperation with the first support partition provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the energy storage and release device in the first state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 6 A front view structural schematic diagram of the second state of the energy storage and release device and its cooperation with the first support partition provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the energy storage and release device in a second state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the energy storage and release device in the third state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a first support partition structure provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a limiting rod provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the dial provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the driven disk provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a transmission assembly and a driven disk provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 14 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of some components of an energy storage and release device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 15 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a pivot member provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 16 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a manual drive device and an electric drive device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0063] Icons: 1. Drive shaft; 2. Dial; 21. First drive lug; 22. First clearance zone; 23. Second drive lug; 24. First limit clearance zone; 3. Driven disc; 31. First driven lug; 32. Second clearance zone; 33. Second driven lug; 34. Second limit clearance zone; 41. Lever; 42. Elastic element; 43. Fixed shaft; 44. Pivot; 441. Clearance through hole; 45. Limiting rod; 451. Buffer collar; 5. Opening / closing lever; 51. Position 6. Indicator; 7. Transmission assembly; 61. Drive block; 62. Swing arm; 71. First support partition; 711. Arc-shaped through groove; 7111. Protruding section; 72. Second support partition; 73. Third support partition; 8. Manual drive device; 81. Handle; 811. Grip section; 812. Indicator needle; 82. Connector; 9. Electric drive device; 91. Servo motor; 92. Output rocker arm; 93. Transmission rod; 94. Input rocker arm; 10. Housing; 101. Pole post socket. Detailed Implementation

[0064] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Specific implementation examples:

[0066] This embodiment addresses the application scenario of synchronous opening and closing of three poles in power distribution equipment such as ring main units and switching stations. The load switch operating mechanism is installed entirely within the metal housing 10 of the load switch. Its output end is connected to the contact transmission unit of each of the three poles, and the three poles move simultaneously through a through-type opening and closing lever 5. The input end of the mechanism can be manually operated by on-site maintenance personnel or driven by an electric device under remote or local automatic control conditions, realizing the reciprocating controlled rotation of the same drive shaft 1. The core idea of ​​the device is to complete the spring energy storage and rapid release after passing the center point within the limited space of the housing 10 using a compact mechanical transmission chain. Under the premise that the released energy only acts on the output side, the output is reliably converted into the linear stroke of the opening and closing lever 5, ensuring that the three pole contacts obtain sufficient speed and consistent displacement at the moment of closing and opening, while avoiding any undesirable micro-movements to the pole ends during the energy storage phase.

[0067] like Figures 1 to 16 As shown, the load switch operating mechanism of this embodiment consists of a drive device, an energy storage and release device, a transmission component 6, and a closing / opening lever 5, which are installed in the mounting cavity formed by the first support partition 71, the second support partition 72, and the third support partition 73. The three support partitions are arranged parallel to each other, dividing the interior of the housing 10 into two adjacent functional spaces.

[0068] like Figure 2 , 3 and Figure 16 As shown, the drive unit is arranged between the second support partition 72 and the third support partition 73. Its function is to make the drive shaft 1 reciprocate within a limited angle to complete one energy storage and one energy release. This embodiment uses two sets of drive units connected to the same input end of the drive shaft 1, namely the manual drive unit 8 and the electric drive unit 9.

[0069] The manual drive device 8 employs a pluggable handle 81 and a connecting member 82 for transmission. The connecting member 82 is fixed to the input end of the drive shaft 1 and forms a torque transmission relationship with the drive shaft 1; it is provided with a polygonal or spline connecting hole that mates with the end of the handle 81, allowing the handle 81 to be inserted from outside the housing 10 and quickly engaged with it. To obtain a larger output torque during manual operation and to limit the reciprocating angle of the drive shaft 1 within a preset range (preferably not greater than 90° and not less than 60°), the connecting member 82 includes a set of large and small gears engaged between the drive shaft 1: the large gear driven by the handle 81 meshes with the small gear fixed to the drive shaft 1, and the torque and angle are reduced through the gear ratio, making manual drive more effortless; the gear set can be any of spur gears, helical gears, or cycloidal gear pairs, and the tooth surface can be carburized, quenched, or phosphated as needed to improve wear resistance.

[0070] Furthermore, the handle 81 of the manual drive device 8 includes at least two grip sections 811, and in this embodiment, there are three. One grip section 811 extends outward and is bent to form an indicator needle 812 for status indication. The indicator needle 812 rotates with the drive shaft 1 to indicate the current open / closed state relative to the open / closed indicator provided on the load switch housing 10. At the same time, by means of the angle reduction effect of gear transmission, a finer indication resolution can be obtained, making the display more accurate.

[0071] The electric drive unit 9 is composed of a servo motor 91, an output rocker arm 92, a transmission rod 93, and an input rocker arm 94 connected in sequence. The input rocker arm 94 is fixed to the input end of the drive shaft 1 and is used to convert the swing of the linkage mechanism into reciprocating rotation within a limited angle range (preferably 60° to 90°) of the drive shaft 1. A one-way clutch shaft is provided between the output shaft of the servo motor 91 and the output rocker arm 92. The output rocker arm 92 is hinged to the transmission rod 93, and the other end of the transmission rod 93 is hinged to the input rocker arm 94, forming a typical crank-rocker kinematic link, so that the unidirectional continuous rotation of the servo motor 91 is shaped into the reciprocating swing of the input rocker arm 94. The one-way clutch shaft can adopt a roller-type overrunning clutch, a wedge-type overrunning clutch, or a ratchet-pawl structure: its outer ring is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the servo motor 91, and its inner ring is fixedly connected to the output rocker arm 92; when the servo motor 91 drives in the set direction, the clutch self-locks and transmits torque; when the drive shaft 1 is driven in reverse by the manual drive device 8 and the force is transmitted back to the motor end through the input rocker arm 94, the transmission rod 93, and the output rocker arm 92, the clutch is in an overrunning free-running state and does not apply a reverse drag torque to the motor, thereby ensuring the independence and safety of manual operation. If necessary, the servo motor 91 can be replaced with a stepper motor, a DC motor with an encoder, or a motor with torque limiting function. The one-way clutch shaft can also be implemented through an integrated overrunning clutch bearing or a coaxial assembly with a ratchet mechanism. Its function is to automatically disengage during manual drive and reliably lock and transmit force during electric drive. The two drive units mentioned above share the same drive shaft 1 input end, achieving a compact layout and simplified assembly path; when the electric drive unit 9 is working and the handle 81 is not removed, the handle 81 will reciprocate synchronously with the drive shaft 1 so that the indicator needle 812 indicates synchronously.

[0072] like Figures 4 to 12 and Figure 14 , Figure 15As shown, the energy storage and release device is arranged between the first support partition 71 and the second support partition 72, and is used to mechanically shape the reciprocating limited angle rotation applied by the drive device to the drive shaft 1 into two (one forward and one reverse) energy storage and release cycles of the elastic element 42. That is, each time the drive shaft 1 completes one reciprocating angular displacement, the elastic element 42 experiences one compression and one release in each of the two directions, thereby correspondingly completing one closing and one opening (or the reverse sequence) action.

[0073] The core of the device consists of: a fixed rotating shaft 43 arranged parallel to the drive shaft 1, a dial 2 fixedly connected to the drive shaft 1, a driven disk 3 rotatably sleeved on the drive shaft 1 and arranged parallel to the dial 2 with an axial clearance, a lever 41 rotatably connected to the drive shaft 1 section between the dial 2 and the driven disk 3 via a pivot 44, and an elastic element 42 hinged to the lever 41 and the fixed rotating shaft 43 respectively; the first support partition 71 and the second support partition 72 provide precise bearing and positioning for the drive shaft 1 and the fixed rotating shaft 43, and form a guide and limit on the movement trajectory of the lever 41 on the first support partition 71.

[0074] Arrangement of the disc body and the clearance / lug

[0075] The dial 2 is vertically and fixed to one end of the drive shaft 1, and it has a first drive lug 21, a first clearance area 22, a second drive lug 23, and a first limiting clearance area 24 formed sequentially along its circumference. The driven disc 3 is mounted on the drive shaft 1 and can rotate freely relative to it. It is arranged parallel to the dial 2 and maintains an axial gap between the two. The driven disc 3 has a first driven lug 31, a second clearance area 32, a second driven lug 33, and a second limiting clearance area 34 formed sequentially along its circumference. The above-mentioned "drive lug + clearance area" and "driven lug + clearance area" are staggered in angle to ensure that during the energy storage stage, one end of the lever 41 can slide freely within the corresponding clearance area without touching the other disc, and only during the release stage will the other end push the corresponding disc to output.

[0076] lever 41, pivot 44 and arc-shaped trajectory

[0077] A lever 41 is arranged parallel to one side of the drive shaft 1, and its body is rotatably connected to the drive shaft 1 section between the dial 2 and the driven disc 3 via a pivot 44. The pivot 44 is preferably a connecting arm with an ear plate, one end of which is rotatably connected to the drive shaft 1 section, and the other end has a clearance through hole 441. The lever 41 passes through this clearance through hole 441 and can rotate within it. The diameter of the clearance through hole 441 is larger than the outer diameter of the insertion point of the lever 41, to provide radial clearance during the additional compression stage near the center of the lever 41, avoiding over-constraint and jamming. Since the pivot 44 forms a rotating pair with respect to the drive shaft 1, the lever 41 moves in an arc-shaped trajectory around the axis of the drive shaft 1 under its constraint; this arc-shaped trajectory crosses the line connecting the axis of the fixed rotating shaft 43 and the axis of the drive shaft 1, which naturally divides the arc-shaped trajectory into two symmetrical arc-shaped segments (corresponding to two energy storage / release half-cycles).

[0078] Elastic element 42 and its anti-deviation mechanism

[0079] The elastic element 42 is preferably a helical compression spring, with one end rotatably connected to the fixed rotating shaft 43 and the other end rotatably connected to the lever 41. To prevent lateral buckling or interference with adjacent components during high-speed compression / release, a retractable anti-deviation telescopic rod (or equivalent structure such as a guide sleeve or guide rod) can be provided at the center of the elastic element 42 to provide axial guidance. The elastic element 42 can also be a disc spring assembly, torsion spring, or rubber elastomer, as long as it can provide sufficient instantaneous release energy after crossing the center and can be reliably compressed during the energy storage phase.

[0080] Energy storage phase (starts in either the forward or reverse direction of drive shaft 1)

[0081] When the drive shaft 1 rotates in any direction and drives the dial 2 to rotate synchronously, the first drive lug 21 (or the second drive lug 23, depending on the current half-cycle) on the dial 2 first contacts and actuates the first end of the lever 41, causing the lever 41 to move along the first arc segment of its arc trajectory; during this stage, the elastic element 42 is gradually compressed and stores energy. At the same time, the second end of the lever 41 always slides along the second clearance zone 32 on the driven disk 3, and the driven disk 3 is not driven to rotate, realizing the geometric decoupling of energy storage and output, thereby avoiding reverse drag or malfunction on the output side during the energy storage stage.

[0082] Over-center triggering and additional compression

[0083] The first support partition 71 is located on one side of the dial 2, and an arc-shaped through groove 711 is opened on it along the arc-shaped movement trajectory of the lever 41, so that the first end of the lever 41 is simultaneously located in the first clearance area 22 and the arc-shaped through groove 711, obtaining reliable guidance and limiting. The arc-shaped through groove 711 has a radially outward protruding section 7111 at the intersection with the line connecting the "fixed rotating shaft 43 axis - drive shaft 1 axis". When the lever 41 moves from one arc segment to another arc segment, that is, approaches and crosses the over-center position corresponding to the line, the lever 41 is additionally squeezed by the protruding section 7111, so that the elastic element 42 is subjected to secondary and predictable additional compression; at this time, the lever 41 can generate the necessary radial clearance in the clearance through hole 441, avoiding jamming and over-constraint. The additional compression improves the instantaneous release energy and action speed on the one hand, and generates clear operating force feedback when crossing the critical area of ​​the over-center, which facilitates control and judgment when manually rotating the drive shaft 1.

[0084] Release phase (output phase)

[0085] When lever 41 crosses the center position corresponding to the aforementioned connecting line and enters the second arc segment from the first arc segment (or vice versa), the elastic element 42 rapidly releases the stored energy. The second end of lever 41 then transitions from the second clearance zone 32 to engage with the first driven lug 31 (or the second driven lug 33) of driven disk 3, thereby driving driven disk 3 to rotate rapidly. Simultaneously, the first end of lever 41 slides along the first clearance zone 22 of disk 2, no longer applying a reaction force to disk 2, thus completing the role reversal of "energy storage side clearance, output side force". Therefore, a single reciprocating rotation of drive shaft 1 within a defined angle can achieve a clear switch between the two stages of "energy storage (no output) - release (output)".

[0086] Limiting and buffering of extreme angles

[0087] To limit the maximum rotation angle of dial 2 and driven disc 3 and transfer the ultimate impact, a limiting rod 45 parallel to the drive shaft 1 is provided, with its two ends fixed to the first support partition 71 and the second support partition 72, respectively. The limiting rod 45 passes through the first limiting clearance area 24 of dial 2 and the second limiting clearance area 34 of driven disc 3, and is located outside the circumferential movement path of the two discs; it is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the first drive lug 21, the second drive lug 23, the first driven lug 31, and the second driven lug 33. When any disc rotates to the preset maximum angle, the corresponding lug abuts against the limiting rod 45 and is blocked, thereby precisely limiting the maximum rotation angle of the two discs and ensuring that the forward and reverse half-cycle strokes are symmetrical and consistent. A buffer collar 451 is detachably fitted onto the limiting rod 45 at the contact point with the corresponding lug. The buffer collar 451 can be made of polyurethane, rubber, engineering plastics or metal elastic sleeve components, which not only provide vibration damping and reduce noise and peak stress, but also allow for fine adjustment of the limit angle of the dial 2 / driven dial 3 by changing its thickness, so that the stroke can be finely adjusted without changing the main components during assembly, debugging and in-service maintenance.

[0088] Summary of three key operating conditions:

[0089] Initial / First Energy Storage Stage: Drive shaft 1 rotates in the first direction, the first drive lug 21 of dial 2 moves the first end of lever 41, the second end of lever 41 slides in the second clearance area 32, the elastic element 42 is compressed until lever 41 approaches the protruding section 7111 of arc-shaped through groove 711 and crosses the center position.

[0090] Release / First Output Stage: After passing the center, the elastic element 42 releases energy, the second end of the lever 41 pushes the first driven lug 31 of the driven disk 3, and the driven disk 3 rotates rapidly to output; the first end of the lever 41 slides freely in the first clearance zone 22.

[0091] Return / Second energy storage and release stage: Drive shaft 1 rotates in the opposite direction and the roles are reversed: the second drive lug 23 and the second driven lug 33 respectively cooperate with the two ends of the lever 41 to repeat the process of "energy storage - additional compression through the center - release" to realize the opening (or closing) action in the other direction.

[0092] Taking a single energy storage release as an example, the process is as follows: Figure 4 , 5 The initial first state transitions to Figure 6 , 7 The second state shown is the imminent release of stored energy, ultimately leading to... Figure 8 The third state is shown.

[0093] Through the above structure and motion organization, the energy of the elastic element 42 is only released to the driven disk 3 and subsequent transmission chain after passing the center. The energy storage stage is completely decoupled from the output side through the "no-travel sliding" of the first clearance zone 22 and the second clearance zone 32. There is no need to set up traditional latches / barrels that maintain spring compression for a long time, which fundamentally reduces the risk of malfunction caused by aging or loosening of the latch. At the same time, the matching structure of the limit rod 45 and the buffer collar 451, the arc-shaped through groove 711 and the protrusion 7111, and the clearance through hole 441 provides a more stable, adjustable and durable operating guarantee for the mechanism in terms of extreme angle, impact absorption, clear trigger stroke and assembly tolerance absorption.

[0094] The transmission assembly 6 passes through the second support partition 72 and is used to reliably and with low backlash convert the angular displacement generated by the driven disc 3 at the moment of release of the elastic member 42 into the linear reciprocating motion of the opening and closing lever 5 along the length of the housing 10. The transmission assembly 6 includes a drive block 61 fixed to the driven disc 3 and extending radially or circumferentially therefrom, and a swing arm 62 pivotally mounted on the second support partition 72 via a pivot shaft. The outer edge of the drive block 61 is machined with a U-shaped groove with an opening facing the swing arm 62, and the force-bearing end of the swing arm 62 is provided with a protrusion that cooperates with it (which may be a cylindrical pin, a roller, or an integrally formed semi-circular nose). When the driven disc 3 is pushed by the lever 41 and rotates in either direction, the corresponding sidewalls of the U-shaped slot form an enveloping bidirectional push-pull engagement with the protrusion: during rotation in the first direction, the leading edge of the slot wall pushes the force-bearing end of the swing arm 62, causing it to swing around the pivot axis in the first direction; during rotation in the reverse direction, the trailing edge of the slot wall applies force to the protrusion, causing the swing arm 62 to swing in the opposite direction. Unlike point / line contact that relies solely on unilateral pushing, this "clamping" force transmission of the U-shaped slot and protrusion can significantly reduce backlash in both forward and reverse working cycles, improve force symmetry, repeatability accuracy, and impact resistance; if necessary, needle roller bearings, engineering plastic wear-resistant bushings, or anti-friction coatings can be installed on the surface of the slot wall or protrusion to further reduce friction, impact noise, and extend service life.

[0095] The swing arm 62 preferably adopts a double-crank lever design: the force-bearing end is shorter to withstand the instantaneous impact force from the drive block 61, while the swinging end is longer and connected to the opening / closing lever 5 via a revolute joint, thereby outputting the required linear displacement within a defined swing angle range. The pivot shaft of the swing arm 62 is fixed to the second support partition 72 via a reinforced bearing or a thickened area. The rigidity and positioning accuracy of the partition ensure a stable and controllable geometric relationship between the rotation plane of the swing arm 62 and the linear motion direction of the opening / closing lever 5, avoiding the application of unnecessary lateral forces to the lever. To compensate for minor deviations during assembly and operation, the swinging end of the swing arm 62 and the opening / closing lever 5 can use a spherical pin, universal joint sleeve, oblong hole + pin, or roller-slide groove structure to achieve linearized stroke, lateral force reduction, and adjustable backlash. If further optimization of the speed / stroke curve is required, a short connecting rod can be connected in series between the swing arm 62 and the opening / closing lever 5, or an arc-shaped groove that cooperates with the swing arm 62 can be set on the lever to obtain a linear output that is closer to constant speed under the same swing angle.

[0096] The opening / closing lever 5 is located between the second support partition 72 and the third support partition 73, arranged along the length of the housing 10. A guide hole or bushing can be installed to achieve axial support and precise guidance. It is located inside the three pole insertion holes 101 and is connected to the three pole contact mechanism via an insulated connecting rod or rigid connector. Thus, each time the elastic element 42 releases and drives the driven plate 3 to rotate, the three pole contacts are synchronously pushed to the closing or opening position. Through the precise limitation of the maximum rotation angle of the driven plate 3 by the aforementioned limiting rod 45, and in conjunction with the short, low-backlash transmission path of the drive block 61—swing arm 62—opening / closing lever 5, the consistency and reproducibility of the opening / closing stroke, speed, and terminal position can be maintained without introducing additional complex intermediate mechanisms. Simultaneously, the double-sided force of the U-shaped slot ensures stable trigger points and output curves in both forward and reverse working cycles, which is beneficial for symmetrical control of opening / closing, suppression of contact bounce, and maintenance calibration. Overall, this transmission scheme has significant advantages over traditional single-sided push-type or multi-link long-link schemes in terms of compact structure, energy transmission efficiency, impact and wear resistance, and ease of assembly and debugging.

[0097] Furthermore, a position indicator device 51 is also provided inside the load switch housing 10, which includes: a follower fixed or seamlessly linked to the opening / closing lever 5; a trigger (or cam) driven by the follower and moving along a predetermined trajectory; a position signal acquisition element (which may be a limit switch, Hall sensor, encoder, or potentiometer) cooperating with the trigger; and a signal output interface for leading the acquired electrical signal to the control unit / remote monitoring system. This device generates a stable switching or analog output at the opening, closing (and / or intermediate preset) positions, performs secondary verification and remote monitoring of the actual position of the opening / closing lever 5, thereby forming information redundancy with the manual indicator needle 812 and improving operational safety and interlocking reliability.

[0098] Overall machine workflow:

[0099] Steering input

[0100] On-site personnel can insert handle 81 (manual drive device 8) or the device can be started by electric drive device 9, both sharing the same input end of drive shaft 1. When manually driven, the electric side can rotate freely via a one-way clutch shaft; when electrically driven, if handle 81 is not pulled out, it will rotate automatically and indicate synchronously.

[0101] Drive shaft 1 reciprocates at a limited angle

[0102] Drive shaft 1 rotates within a preset angle (preferably 60° to 90°) to enter one "energy storage-release" cycle.

[0103] Energy storage stage (no output)

[0104] The drive lug of the dial 2 actuates the first end of the lever 41, and the lever 41 moves along the first arc segment of the arc trajectory and compresses the elastic element 42; at this time, the second end of the lever 41 slides freely in the second clearance area 32 of the driven disk 3, the driven disk 3 remains stationary, and the output side is mechanically decoupled.

[0105] Crossing the center and adding compression

[0106] The lever 41 approaches and crosses the over-center position defined by the line connecting the fixed pivot 43 and the drive shaft 1; under the action of the protruding section 7111 of the arc-shaped through groove 711, the elastic element 42 is additionally compressed and radially accommodating through the clearance through hole 441 of the pivot 44, providing clear force feedback.

[0107] Release phase (output)

[0108] The elastic element 42 releases energy instantaneously, and the second end of the lever 41 pushes the driven lug of the driven disk 3, causing the driven disk 3 to rotate rapidly; at the same time, the first end of the lever 41 slides in the first clearance zone 22 of the dial 2, completing the role reversal of "energy storage side clearance and output side force".

[0109] Angular displacement to linear displacement conversion

[0110] The driven disk 3 rotates, causing the drive block 61 (with a U-shaped groove) on it to push / pull the protrusion at the force-bearing end of the swing arm 62. The swing arm 62 swings around the pivot axis and is connected to the opening and closing lever 5 through the swing end, converting the angular displacement into the linear reciprocating motion of the opening and closing lever 5 along the length of the housing 10.

[0111] Tripolar synchronous action

[0112] The opening and closing lever 5 passes through the three pole positions and is linked with the contact mechanism of each pole to realize the simultaneous closing or opening of the three poles.

[0113] Return trip achieves opposite movement

[0114] When drive shaft 1 rotates in the opposite direction, the second set of drive / driven lugs and the clearance zone work in a symmetrical relationship, repeating the above "energy storage - through center - release" process to complete the opening (or closing) of the circuit breaker in the opposite direction.

[0115] Limit and buffer

[0116] The limiting rod 45, which is installed at the limiting and clearance zone position on the dial 2 and the driven dial 3, rigidly limits the maximum rotation angle, and absorbs the impact and finely adjusts the stroke through the replaceable buffer collar 451.

[0117] Status indication and secondary verification

[0118] The indicator needle 812 formed by bending the handle 81 rigidly follows the drive shaft 1, providing local mechanical indication; the position indicator device 51 inside the housing 10 is linked with the opening and closing lever 5, outputting an electrical signal to the control / monitoring system to realize remote / local secondary position verification and interlocking control.

[0119] Through the above process, the mechanism achieves a clear decoupling of "energy storage without output, and output only when released" by geometric clearance and over-center release without relying on long-term locking springs, ensuring fast, consistent and reliable opening and closing actions, while taking into account limit buffering, redundant indication and compact layout.

[0120] The above are preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A load switch operating mechanism characterized by comprising: include: The drive shaft has a fixed rotating shaft arranged parallel to one side; The dial is vertically and fixedly connected to one end of the drive shaft, and is provided with a first drive lug, a first clearance area and a second drive lug in sequence along the circumferential direction. The driven disc is rotatably sleeved on the drive shaft, parallel to the dial and with a gap, and is provided with a first driven lug, a second clearance area and a second driven lug in sequence along the circumference; A lever is arranged parallel to one side of the drive shaft. The lever body is rotatably connected to the drive shaft section at the gap between the dial and the driven plate via a pivot. Its two ends are located in the first clearance area and the second clearance area, respectively. Under the limitation of the pivot, it moves in an arc-shaped trajectory around the axis of the drive shaft. The arc-shaped trajectory crosses the line connecting the axis of the fixed rotating shaft and the axis of the drive shaft. The line divides the arc-shaped trajectory into two arc-shaped segments. An elastic element, one end of which is rotatably connected to the fixed rotating shaft, and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the lever; When the dial rotates in any direction and the first end of the lever is moved, the elastic element is compressed and stored, and the second end of the lever slides along the second clearance zone. When the lever passes the center position corresponding to the connecting line and enters another arc segment from any arc segment, the elastic element releases energy, the second end of the lever pushes the driven disk to rotate, and the first end of the lever slides along the first clearance zone; the opening and closing lever is used to reciprocate in a predetermined direction to drive the load switch to complete the opening and closing. A transmission assembly is connected to the driven plate and the opening / closing lever, so as to drive the opening / closing lever to complete reciprocating motion when the driven plate is pushed by the lever.

2. The load switch operating mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first support partition and a second support partition, the first support partition and the second support partition are arranged opposite to each other, and together they support and position the drive shaft and the fixed rotating shaft; The first support partition is located on one side of the dial and has an arc-shaped through groove corresponding to the arc-shaped movement trajectory of the lever, so that the first end of the lever is simultaneously located in the first clearance area and the arc-shaped through groove, thereby providing limitation and guidance for the movement of the lever.

3. The load switch operating mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The arc-shaped through groove has a radially outward protruding section at the intersection with the line connecting the axis of the fixed rotating shaft and the axis of the drive shaft. When the lever moves from one arc-shaped section to another, the protruding section applies additional pressure to the lever, causing the elastic element to be further compressed. The pivot member includes a connecting arm, one end of which is rotatably connected to a drive shaft section at the gap between the dial and the driven plate, and the other end of which is provided with a clearance through hole for the insertion and rotation of the lever. The diameter of the clearance through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the lever insertion point to provide radial clearance when the lever crosses the protruding section.

4. The load switch operating mechanism according to claim 1, characterized by Also includes: A first support partition and a second support partition are arranged opposite to each other to jointly support and position the drive shaft and the fixed rotating shaft; A limiting rod is arranged parallel to the drive shaft, with its two ends fixed to the first support partition and the second support partition, respectively. The limiting rod is located outside the circumferential movement path of the dial and the driven plate, and is correspondingly arranged with the first drive lug, the second drive lug, the first driven lug, and the second driven lug. When the dial or the driven plate rotates to a preset maximum angle, the corresponding drive lug or driven lug abuts against the limiting rod and is blocked, thereby limiting the maximum rotation angle of the dial and the driven plate.

5. The load switch operating mechanism according to claim 4, characterized by The limiting rod is detachably fitted with a buffer collar at the point where it abuts against the corresponding driving lug or driven lug.

6. The load switch operating mechanism according to claim 1, characterized by It also includes a first support partition and a second support partition, the first support partition and the second support partition being arranged opposite to each other, jointly supporting and positioning the drive shaft and the fixed rotating shaft; The transmission assembly includes: A drive block fixed to the driven disk and extending radially or circumferentially therefrom; The swing arm is pivotally mounted on the second support plate via a pivot shaft. One end is the force-bearing end, which cooperates with the drive block, and the other end is the swing end, which is rotatably connected to the opening and closing lever. When the driven disk rotates under the drive of the lever, the drive block pushes the force-bearing end of the swing arm, causing the swing arm to swing around the pivot axis, and converts the swing into the reciprocating linear motion of the opening and closing lever along a predetermined direction through the rotatable connection between the swing end and the opening and closing lever.

7. The load switch operating mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by It also includes two sets of drive devices connected to the same input end of the drive shaft: A manual drive device includes a pluggable handle and a connecting member that is connected to the input end of the drive shaft. The handle is detachably connected to the drive shaft through the connecting member and forms a torque transmission relationship with the drive shaft, so that when the handle is rotated back and forth, the drive shaft rotates back and forth within a preset angle range. An electric drive device includes a servo motor, an output rocker arm, a transmission rod, and an input rocker arm connected in sequence. The input rocker arm is fixedly connected to the input end of the drive shaft. The servo motor is indirectly connected to the input rocker arm through a one-way clutch shaft disposed between its output shaft and the output rocker arm. The one-way continuous rotation of the servo motor is converted by the output rocker arm and the transmission rod into the input rocker arm reciprocating within a preset angle range, thereby driving the drive shaft to rotate. The one-way clutch shaft is configured such that when the drive shaft is driven to rotate by the manual drive device, the electric drive device is in an overrunning idle state and is not dragged in the opposite direction.

8. The load switch operating mechanism according to claim 7, characterized by The handle of the manual drive device includes at least two grip sections, one of which extends outward and bends to form an indicator needle for status indication. The indicator needle rotates with the drive shaft to indicate the current open / closed status relative to an open / closed indicator provided on the load switch housing.

9. The load switch operating mechanism according to claim 8, characterized by It also includes a position indicator device installed inside the load switch housing. The position indicator device is connected to the opening and closing lever and is used to output position information when the opening and closing lever moves, so as to perform secondary verification of the position of the opening and closing lever.

10. A load switch, characterized in that, Includes the load switch operating mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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