Floating breakwater and wave energy power generation integrated device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of breakwater power generation technology, specifically to an integrated floating breakwater and wave energy generation device. It includes a floating breakwater box housing, with a wave power generation component at the bottom for generating electricity using waves, and a support fixedly connected to the top of the housing. Several sails are rotatably mounted on the top of the housing, and an adjustment component inside the housing is used to adjust the angle of the sails. A ballast water tank is located on the bottom wall of the housing, and a water supply and drainage component is located on the bottom wall of the housing to control the inflow and outflow of water into the ballast water tank to adjust the draft of the housing. This invention can adaptively adjust the draft and wave resistance of the housing according to the size of the waves, reducing the risk of device capsizing and damage caused by wave impact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of breakwater power generation technology, specifically to an integrated floating breakwater and wave energy power generation device. Background Technology

[0002] Floating breakwaters (composed of floating bodies and mooring systems, floating on the water surface and secured by anchor chains) are gaining increasing attention. Their advantages include no need for seabed foundations, flexible construction, lower cost, and the ability to dissipate wave energy through the undulating motion of the floating bodies. The core function of traditional floating breakwaters is wave dissipation and shoreline protection, while wave energy generation devices focus on energy capture; the two are usually designed independently. Therefore, combining breakwaters with wave energy can transform the impact energy of waves on the breakwater from "destructive force that needs to be dissipated" into "recoverable clean energy," allowing the single wave dissipation process to generate electricity simultaneously, thus enhancing the energy output capacity of marine engineering. Mangroves, as important coastal wetland ecosystems, possess key ecological functions such as wind and wave protection, shoreline stabilization, seawater purification, and biodiversity maintenance. However, their growth environment is fragile and highly susceptible to threats such as wave impact and coastal erosion. In existing coastal protection projects, some traditional rigid breakwater facilities cause significant disturbance to the seabed foundation during construction, which can easily damage mangrove root systems and habitats. Furthermore, their instability under extreme wave conditions may lead to secondary disasters, indirectly exacerbating the risk of mangrove ecosystem degradation.

[0003] In existing technologies, such as the Waveline Magnet floating wave-damping power generation device, several plastic floating chains are placed on the water surface directly facing the waves. When waves pass through, the floats can weaken the waves to a certain extent, and at the same time, the floats move along the contour of the water, creating a "serpentine motion." The floats are connected to a rigid, non-buoyant spine component via lever arms. The buoys move with the waves, while the spine remains relatively stationary. The lever arms drive the generator inside the spine unit to move up and down to generate electricity. The generated electricity can be sent back to shore via cable or used by offshore power consumers.

[0004] However, in practice, the wave resistance of this floating breakwater power generation device relies on fixed structures such as anchor cables. In extreme weather conditions such as typhoons and giant waves, the device is prone to displacement, capsizing, or damage, affecting not only its protective function for the coastline and its own power generation capacity, but also hindering its ability to provide sustainable and effective protection for mangrove growth areas. Furthermore, some materials used in the device lack sufficient corrosion resistance, potentially leading to marine pollution with long-term use and further threatening the mangrove ecosystem. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an integrated floating breakwater and wave energy generation device to address the problems of insufficient stability and weak capsizing resistance of existing floating breakwaters with "wave protection" and "energy capture" functions under extreme wave conditions, while simultaneously reducing the risk of disturbance and damage to the mangrove ecosystem. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides an integrated floating breakwater and wave energy generation device, which enhances structural stability under extreme wave conditions through an adaptive adjustment mechanism.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A floating breakwater and wave energy power generation integrated device includes a floating breakwater box body, a wave power generation component for generating electricity using waves is provided at the bottom of the box body, and a bracket is fixedly connected to the top of the box body; a plurality of sails are rotatably fitted on the top of the box body, and an adjustment component for adjusting the angle of the sails is provided inside the box body; a ballast water tank is provided on the bottom wall of the box body, and a through hole is opened on the side wall of the box body, the ballast water tank is connected to the outside of the box body through the through hole, and a water supply and drainage component is provided on the bottom wall of the box body for controlling the water inlet and outlet of the ballast water tank to adjust the draft of the box body.

[0007] The technical principles of the above solution are as follows:

[0008] When waves act on the tank, the undulating motion of the waves drives the wave energy generation components at the bottom of the tank to operate, converting the mechanical energy of the waves into electrical energy, thus achieving the capture and utilization of wave energy. The adjustment component is used to adjust the rotation angle of the sail on top of the tank. When encountering smaller waves, the sail can be adjusted to face the waves, increasing the impact force of the waves on the device, thereby capturing more wave energy and improving power generation efficiency. In extreme wave conditions, the adjustment component drives the sail to rotate to face the waves, avoiding the waves and reducing the impact on the tank, thus improving the stability of the device. Simultaneously, under normal wave conditions, the water supply and drainage component adjusts the water volume in the ballast tank to maintain a suitable draft for the tank, ensuring that the wave energy generation components can interact efficiently with the waves while ensuring the stable floating of the tank. In extreme wave conditions, the water supply and drainage component increases the water volume in the ballast tank, increasing the draft of the tank and lowering its center of gravity, thereby improving the tank's resistance to overturning and reducing the risk of displacement or damage to the device under severe conditions such as large waves and typhoons.

[0009] The above approach has the following beneficial effects:

[0010] 1. This invention generates electricity directly using wave mechanical energy through wave power generation components, transforming the wave impact force that originally needed to be dissipated into recyclable clean energy. While fulfilling the function of protecting mangrove coastlines, it also generates electricity revenue, thereby improving the comprehensive benefits and energy output capacity of marine engineering.

[0011] 2. This invention enhances the stability and anti-overturning capability of the device under extreme wave conditions through multiple adaptive adjustment mechanisms. The flexible adjustment of the sail angle can actively avoid the wave-facing surface under severe conditions such as giant waves and typhoons, reducing wave impact.

[0012] 3. The water supply and drainage regulation of the ballast water tank of the present invention can lower the center of gravity by increasing the draft, and the dual protection of the adjustment components effectively reduces the risk of device displacement, overturning or damage, ensuring that it can still maintain basic protection functions and power generation capacity under extreme weather conditions.

[0013] Furthermore, the wave power generation component includes bases symmetrically arranged below the housing, and anchor cables symmetrically and fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing; one end of each anchor cable is fixedly connected to its adjacent base, and the other end of each anchor cable is fixedly connected to a tension spring; the end of the tension spring away from the anchor cable is fixedly connected to its adjacent base. A waterproof box is fixedly connected to the top of each base, and a generator set is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of each waterproof box. The output shaft of each generator set passes through the side wall of its adjacent waterproof box and is coaxially fixedly connected to a cable pulley. The anchor cables are wound around the adjacent cable pulleys. Power transmission lines are fixedly connected to the side wall of each waterproof box, and the power transmission lines are electrically connected to the output end of each adjacent generator set.

[0014] Beneficial effects: This wave power generation component, through the cooperation of anchor cable and tension spring, can cause the anchor cable to stretch and contract when the wave causes the box to undulate, thereby driving the cable wheel to rotate and drive the generator to generate electricity, thus achieving efficient conversion of wave energy.

[0015] Furthermore, the adjustment assembly includes fixed shafts symmetrically and fixedly connected to the top wall of the housing; each fixed shaft has an L-shaped rod rotatably fitted at its bottom end. A rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the bottom of each sail, with the end of the rotating shaft away from the sail extending through the top wall of the housing and fixedly connected to an L-shaped rocker arm; a slide rail is hinged between adjacent L-shaped rods, and a groove is opened on the slide rail, with the vertical end of each L-shaped rocker arm slidingly fitted into the groove; a connecting rod is also hinged between adjacent L-shaped rods. A first hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the side wall of the housing, and a first piston rod is slidably fitted inside the first hydraulic cylinder, with the end of the first piston rod away from the first hydraulic cylinder hinged to its adjacent L-shaped rod.

[0016] Beneficial effects: The adjustment component drives the first piston rod to extend and retract through the first cylinder, which in turn drives the L-shaped rod to rotate around a fixed axis. With the help of the sliding cooperation between the slide rail and the L-shaped rocker arm, the synchronous angle adjustment of multiple sails can be achieved, ensuring the consistency and accuracy of the adjustment action.

[0017] Furthermore, the water supply and drainage assembly includes a controller and a drive unit. The drive unit is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the housing. A gear is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive unit, and a threaded rod is coaxially fixedly connected to the side wall away from the drive unit.

[0018] Inside the ballast water tank, there is a sliding push plate, and a threaded pipe is coaxially fixedly connected to one side wall of the push plate. The threaded rod and the threaded pipe are threadedly engaged. A support rod is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the tank. A rack is slidably engaged on the support rod. A second piston rod is fixedly connected to the top of the rack. A second hydraulic cylinder is slidably engaged outside the second piston rod. The second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the support rod. The first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder are connected. Both the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder are filled with silicone oil.

[0019] Beneficial effects: The water supply and drainage components drive gears and threaded rods to rotate, causing the internal threaded pipe to push the push plate to slide within the ballast water tank, thus controlling water inflow and drainage and adjusting the tank's draft. Simultaneously, the first and second hydraulic cylinders are connected via silicone oil, forming a linkage mechanism. When the sail angle is adjusted, it drives the second piston rod to move, assisting in adjusting the push plate position. This allows sail adjustment and draft adjustment to be performed in tandem, improving the device's adaptability to different wave conditions.

[0020] Furthermore, a monitoring component for monitoring wave height is provided at the bottom of the enclosure; the monitoring component includes a pressure sensor fixedly connected to the bottom of the enclosure, with the sensing surface of the pressure sensor facing vertically downward; the controller is used to collect water pressure data from the bottom of the enclosure to the sea level using the pressure sensor, and control the output shaft of the drive component to rotate based on the water pressure data.

[0021] Beneficial effects: The monitoring component collects water pressure data in real time through a pressure sensor, and the controller can calculate the wave height based on the water pressure, thus enabling the monitoring of wave conditions.

[0022] Furthermore, the pressure sensor is fitted with a stainless steel protective mesh, and a stainless steel protective mesh is also fixedly connected inside the through hole.

[0023] Beneficial effects: Stainless steel protective netting can effectively protect pressure sensors from the impact of seawater, marine organisms, and collisions with underwater debris, ensuring the accuracy of monitoring data and extending their service life.

[0024] Furthermore, several "S"-shaped wave-damping nets are fixedly connected to the bottom of the enclosure.

[0025] Beneficial effects: When waves pass through the wave-damping net, the "S"-shaped wave-damping net can disperse and buffer wave energy through its own structure, initially weakening the waves before they reach the main body of the box, reducing the direct impact of waves on the box, and improving the wave-damping protection effect of the device.

[0026] Furthermore, a solar panel is fixedly connected to the top of the support frame. Gravity anchors are fixedly connected to the bottom of the base.

[0027] Beneficial effects: Solar panels can generate electricity using solar energy, providing supplemental power to the device's drive components, controllers, and other electrical equipment, reducing reliance on wave power generation and improving the device's energy self-sufficiency. This gravity-type anchoring method does not require deep penetration into seabed rock layers, is simple to construct, and has low cost, providing stable anchoring force to the base through the weight of the gravity blocks.

[0028] Furthermore, a storage battery is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the box, and the controller is used to control the solar panel to charge the storage battery and control the storage battery to supply power to the drive components.

[0029] Beneficial effects: The storage battery can store the electrical energy generated by the solar panel and wave power generation components, realizing the rational allocation and storage of energy. When wave energy and solar energy are unstable, the storage battery can provide continuous and stable power to the drive components and other equipment, ensuring the normal operation of the device's regulation mechanism.

[0030] Furthermore, it also includes self-cleaning components;

[0031] The self-cleaning component includes a current sensor mounted on the drive unit and a protective box fixedly connected to a through hole on the side wall of the housing. The protective box contains a motor, and the motor output shaft passes through the side wall of the protective box and is fixedly connected to several cutting blades.

[0032] The controller is used to set the current threshold and uses a current sensor to monitor the current value of the drive component. When the current value of the drive component exceeds the current threshold, the controller controls the motor output shaft to rotate.

[0033] Beneficial effects: The inlet and outlet efficiency of the ballast water tank will decrease significantly, causing the drive components of the water supply and drainage system to output more power to drive the push plate. At this time, the current value of the drive components monitored by the current sensor will exceed the preset threshold. The controller then triggers the motor in the protection box to start, driving the cutting blade to rotate at high speed to cut and clear the blockage near the through hole.

[0034] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the floating breakwater and wave energy power generation integrated device of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a bottom view of the floating breakwater and wave energy power generation integrated device of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a top-view sectional view of the box in the integrated floating breakwater and wave energy power generation device of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a front sectional view of the box body in the integrated floating breakwater and wave energy power generation device of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a side sectional view of the box body in the integrated floating breakwater and wave energy power generation device of the present invention.

[0040] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the instruction manual include: 1. Box body; 2. Bracket; 3. Sailboard; 4. Ballast water tank; 5. Through hole; 6. Base; 7. Anchor cable; 8. Tension spring; 9. Waterproof box; 10. Cable reel; 11. Power transmission line; 12. Fixed shaft; 13. L-shaped rod; 14. Rotating shaft; 15. L-shaped rocker arm; 16. Slide rail; 17. Connecting rod; 18. First hydraulic cylinder; 19. First piston rod; 20. DC motor; 21. Gear; 22. Threaded rod; 23. Push plate; 24. Internally threaded pipe; 25. Support rod; 26. Rack; 27. Second piston rod; 28. Second hydraulic cylinder; 29. ​​Wave damping net; 30. Solar panel. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0042] Implementation, for example, attached Figure 1 As shown: A floating breakwater and wave energy power generation integrated device includes a floating breakwater box 1, the bottom of which is equipped with a wave power generation component for generating electricity using waves; a bracket 2 is fixedly welded to the top of the box 1, and the outer sides of the box 1 and the bracket 2 are sprayed with anti-corrosion paint; a number of sails 3 are rotatably fitted on the top of the box 1, each sail 3 having an area of ​​1.2㎡, and an adjustment component for adjusting the angle of the sails 3 is provided inside the box 1.

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, a ballast water tank 4 is provided on the bottom wall of the inner body 1, and a through hole 5 is opened on the side wall of the inner body 1. The ballast water tank 4 is connected to the outside of the inner body 1 through the through hole 5. A water supply and drainage component is provided on the bottom wall of the inner body 1 to control the water inlet and outlet of the ballast water tank 4 to adjust the water draft of the inner body 1.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, specifically, the wave power generation component includes a base 6 symmetrically positioned below the housing 1, and anchor cables 7 symmetrically and bolted to the bottom of the housing 1. All anchor cables 7 are steel cables, and their outer surfaces are coated with anti-corrosion paint. One end of each anchor cable 7 is bolted to its adjacent base 6, and the other end of each anchor cable 7 is bolted to a tension spring 8, which is also coated with anti-corrosion paint. The end of the tension spring 8 furthest from the anchor cable 7 is bolted to its adjacent base 6, and all bolts are waterproofed. Gravity anchors (not shown in the figure) are bolted to the bottom of each base 6.

[0045] The top of each base 6 is fixedly connected to a waterproof box 9 by bolts. Each of the bottom walls of the waterproof box 9 is fixedly connected to a generator set with a power of 5-8kW (not shown in the figure) by bolts. The output shaft of each generator set passes through the side wall of the adjacent waterproof box 9 and is fixedly connected to a cable pulley 10 on the same axis. The connection between the output shaft of the generator set and the waterproof box 9 is waterproofed by a water seal ring. The anchor cable 7 is wrapped around the cable pulley 10 adjacent to it. Each of the side walls of the waterproof box 9 is fixedly connected to a power transmission line 11 by bolts. Each of the power transmission lines 11 is electrically connected to the output end of the adjacent generator set.

[0046] Combination Figure 1 As shown, several floating breakwaters integrated with wave energy generation devices are deployed on the sea surface 200 meters above the mangrove coastline. At this point, the container 1, being hollow, can float on the water surface. Figure 1 The right side of the middle box 1 is the wave-facing side, and the bottom of the base 6 is fixed to the seabed using a gravity anchor.

[0047] Specifically, the gravity anchor is a concrete gravity block fixed to the bottom of the base 6 by bolts. The weight of the concrete gravity block is calculated based on the seawater depth, expected wave impact force, and the overall weight of the device. A single concrete gravity block weighs 5 tons and has a volume of approximately 3m³. 3 The bottom of the concrete gravity block is equipped with anti-slip teeth with a height of 50mm, which can enhance the interlocking force with the seabed sediment and increase the anti-slip coefficient of the base to 0.6.

[0048] The bottom of the concrete gravity block is equipped with anti-slip teeth to enhance the gripping force with seabed sediment and prevent the base 6 from sliding under wave impact. Simultaneously, the concrete gravity block is encased in a corrosion-resistant metal shell to prevent long-term seawater erosion from reducing structural strength. This fixing method does not require deep penetration into the seabed rock layer, is simple to construct, and has a low cost. It provides stable anchoring force to the base 6 through the self-weight of the concrete gravity block. Furthermore, this construction method causes minimal disturbance to the intertidal ecosystem surrounding the mangroves, avoiding problems such as siltation and habitat destruction associated with traditional breakwater construction.

[0049] When waves approach the wave-facing side, they first impact the tank 1, causing it to undulate and sway on the water surface. Simultaneously, the combination of tank 1 and the sail 3 weakens the impact of the waves on the mangrove coastline, achieving a wave-damping effect. This tiered wave-damping mechanism effectively prevents strong waves from eroding the mangrove roots, protects the stability of the intertidal soil structure, and provides a favorable environment for the anchored growth of mangrove plants. At this time, the anchor cable 7, bolted to the bottom of the tank 1, is stretched or loosened with the movement of the tank 1, while the tension spring 8 connected to the other end of the anchor cable 7 elastically expands and contracts due to changes in the tension of the anchor cable 7. Since the anchor cable 7 is wound around the reel 10 on the generator output shaft, the movement of the anchor cable 7 causes the reel 10 to rotate in both directions, thereby driving the generator output shaft to rotate.

[0050] Driven by the output shaft, the generator set starts working, converting the mechanical energy transmitted by the anchor cable 7 into electrical energy. During this process, the waterproof box 9 provides a sealed protection for the generator set. The water seal ring at the connection point with the generator set's output shaft effectively prevents seawater from seeping into the interior of the waterproof box 9, ensuring stable operation of the generator set in the seawater environment. Subsequently, the electrical energy generated by the generator set is transmitted through the transmission lines 11 on the side wall of the waterproof box 9, which can be directly supplied to the onshore power grid or used by offshore power consumers, completing the entire conversion and utilization process from wave energy to electrical energy.

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown, specifically, the adjustment assembly includes fixed shafts 12 that are symmetrically fixed to the top wall of the housing 1 by bolts; each fixed shaft 12 has an L-shaped rod 13 rotatably fitted at its bottom end.

[0052] The bottom of each sailboard 3 is fixedly connected to a pivot 14 by bolts. The end of the pivot 14 away from the sailboard 3 extends through the top wall of the box 1 and into the box 1, and is fixedly connected to an L-shaped rocker arm 15 by bolts. A slide rail 16 is hinged between adjacent L-shaped rods 13. The slide rail 16 has a sliding groove, and the vertical end of the L-shaped rocker arm 15 slides in the sliding groove. A connecting rod 17 is also hinged between adjacent L-shaped rods 13.

[0053] A first hydraulic cylinder 18 is bolted to the side wall of the housing 1. A first piston rod 19 is slidably fitted inside the first hydraulic cylinder 18. The end of the first piston rod 19 away from the first hydraulic cylinder 18 is hinged to its adjacent L-shaped rod 13. In this embodiment, the initial state between adjacent sails 3 is that they form a single plane.

[0054] Combination Figure 1As shown, when the wave height is relatively small (0.5-1.5 meters), all the sails 3 form a plane. At this point, the smaller waves can more effectively impact the plane formed by the sails 3, concentrating the wave's thrust onto the housing 1 by utilizing the area of ​​the plane, thus increasing the impact force on the housing 1 by 25-30%. Since the plane formed by the sails 3 faces the wave-facing side, the impact force generated by the waves causes the housing 1 to undulate and sway more noticeably, increasing the sway amplitude by 15-20%. This enhanced motion is transmitted through the anchor cable 7 to the tension spring 8 and the cable pulley 10, increasing the stretching and contraction amplitude of the anchor cable 7, which in turn causes the generator's output shaft to rotate more violently, thereby collecting more wave energy for power generation and improving power generation efficiency and energy utilization by 15-20%. This design fully utilizes the energy characteristics of small waves, achieving efficient capture of low-intensity wave energy through structural optimization, avoiding the waste of small wave energy due to insufficient device response. Meanwhile, the plane formed by the sail plate 3 can also guide and converge the waves under the action of small waves, reduce the dispersion and loss of wave energy, and allow more wave energy to be converted into mechanical energy of the box 1, providing a more sufficient power source for the wave power generation component.

[0055] Combination Figure 3 As shown, when the wave height increases beyond a certain value, the first piston rod 19 is controlled to retract to the right. When the first piston rod 19 retracts to the right, it drives the adjacent L-shaped rod 13 to rotate counterclockwise. Through the transmission of the connecting rod 17 and the slide rail 16, the left L-shaped rod 13 can be driven to rotate counterclockwise synchronously. Since the vertical ends of the L-shaped rocker arms 15 are all in sliding engagement with the slide groove, the downward movement of the slide rail 16 can drive all the L-shaped rocker arms 15 to rotate counterclockwise. All the L-shaped rocker arms 15 then drive the sailboard 3 to rotate through the rotating shaft 14, so that the adjacent sailboards 3 become like... Figure 1 As shown in the parallel state, the impact of waves on the sails 3 can pass smoothly between the adjacent sails 3, reducing the frontal collision area between the waves and the sails 3, thereby significantly reducing the impact force of the waves on the device. At the same time, since the sails 3 no longer form a large area of ​​force-bearing plane, the wave thrust on the housing 1 is significantly reduced, and its undulation and sway amplitude are also reduced. This reduces the tensile and contraction strength of the anchor cable 7 and the tension spring 8, keeping the generator set in a relatively stable state. This avoids damage to the equipment caused by extreme forces and can moderately capture wave energy while ensuring the stability of the device structure.

[0056] like Figure 4As shown, specifically, the water supply and drainage component includes a controller and a drive unit. The drive unit is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing 1 by bolts. In this embodiment, the drive unit is a DC motor 20. A gear 21 is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the DC motor 20 by bolts. A threaded rod 22 is coaxially fixedly connected to the side wall of the gear 21 away from the DC motor 20 by bolts.

[0057] The ballast water tank 4 has a sliding fit push plate 23. An internal threaded pipe 24 is coaxially fixedly welded to one side wall of the push plate 23. The threaded rod 22 and the internal threaded pipe 24 are threadedly engaged.

[0058] like Figure 5 As shown, a support rod 25 is bolted to the bottom wall of the housing 1. A rack 26 is slidably fitted onto the support rod 25. A second piston rod 27 is integrally formed at the top of the rack 26. A second hydraulic cylinder 28 is slidably fitted onto the second piston rod 27. The second hydraulic cylinder 28 and the support rod 25 are bolted together. Figure 4 The top of the second hydraulic cylinder 28 and Figure 3 The left end of the first oil cylinder 18 is connected, and both the first oil cylinder 18 and the second oil cylinder 28 are filled with silicone oil with a viscosity grade of 100-150cst.

[0059] Combination Figure 4 As shown, when the wave height is small, the pusher plate 23 is on the left side, the water volume in the ballast tank 4 is small, the tank 1 sinks less, and the swaying amplitude is larger, thus further capturing more wave energy. When the wave height increases to a certain value, the controller controls the output shaft of the DC motor 20 to rotate, driving the gear 21 and the threaded rod 22 to rotate. Since the threaded rod 22 and the internal threaded tube 24 are threaded together, the pusher plate 23 can move to the right. At this time, the space in the ballast tank 4 increases, forming a negative pressure, which draws water from outside the tank 1 into the ballast tank 4 through the through hole 5. At this time, the tank 1 becomes heavier after the water is added, and it can sink, increasing the draft of the tank 1, lowering the center of gravity, and enhancing the anti-overturning ability. At the same time, the gear 21 drives the rack 26 to move upward, and the rack 26 drives the second piston column 27 to move upward, pushing the silicone oil in the second oil cylinder 28 into the tank. Figure 3 The first hydraulic cylinder 18 is located on the left side, which in turn drives the first piston rod 19. Figure 3 The wave retracts to the right, causing all the sails 3 to move parallel to each other, thus achieving a double anti-overturning effect. When the wave height decreases, the controller controls the DC motor 20 to rotate in the opposite direction, causing the pusher plate 23 to move to the left, pushing the water in the ballast tank 4 out through the through hole 5, while the sails 3 return to their original positions.

[0060] like Figure 1As shown, specifically, the bottom of the housing 1 is equipped with a monitoring component for monitoring wave height; the monitoring component includes a pressure sensor fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing 1 by screws. The pressure sensor is waterproofed, and its sensing surface faces vertically downwards; the controller is used to collect water pressure data from the bottom of the housing 1 to the sea level using the pressure sensor, and controls the output shaft of the DC motor 20 to rotate based on the water pressure data. The pressure sensor is covered with a stainless steel protective mesh, and a stainless steel protective mesh is also fixedly connected to the through hole 5 by screws.

[0061] The pressure sensor is installed approximately one-quarter of the way down from the bottom edge of tank 1, using corrosion-resistant screws and sealant to secure it firmly. The sensing surface of the pressure sensor is perpendicular to the water flow direction. The sensor detects changes in water pressure and converts them into an electrical signal, which is then output to the controller. The pressure sensor's data acquisition frequency is set to 10 times per second, and the controller analyzes and processes the water pressure data collected by the sensor.

[0062] The wave height threshold is set for the controller. Based on the principles of hydrostatics, the density of seawater is known to be 1025 kg / m³. 3 And gravitational acceleration 9.8 m / s² 2 Water pressure data measured by a pressure sensor is used to formulate... h is the wave height, P is the water pressure, ρ is the seawater density, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. The change in height of the seawater surface relative to the pressure sensor at the corresponding location is calculated to obtain the wave height. When the calculated wave height exceeds a preset threshold, the controller generates a control command.

[0063] For example, if the wave height threshold is set to 2 meters, when the calculated wave height is greater than 2 meters, the controller will control the output shaft of the DC motor 20 to rotate, driving the push plate 23 to increase the draft of the tank 1 and make the sails 3 parallel to each other, thereby achieving the effect of automatically increasing the stability of the device.

[0064] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, specifically, several "S"-shaped wave-damping nets 29 are fixedly welded to the bottom of the box body 1.

[0065] A solar panel 30 is bolted to the top of the bracket 2. A battery is bolted to the bottom wall of the inner casing 1. The controller is used to control the solar panel 30 to charge the battery and to control the battery to supply power to the DC motor 20.

[0066] When waves pass through the wave-damping net 29, the "S"-shaped net can disperse and buffer wave energy through its own structure, initially weakening the waves before they reach the main body of the enclosure 1, reducing the direct impact of the waves on the enclosure 1, and improving the wave-damping protection effect of the device. The solar panel 30 can generate electricity using solar energy to provide supplementary power to the DC motor 20 of the device, reducing dependence on wave power generation and improving the energy self-sufficiency of the device. The battery can store the electrical energy generated by the solar panel 30, realizing the rational allocation and storage of energy. When wave energy and solar energy are unstable, the battery can provide a continuous and stable power to the DC motor 20, ensuring the normal operation of the device's regulation mechanism.

[0067] Specifically, this also includes self-cleaning components.

[0068] The self-cleaning component includes a current sensor mounted on the DC motor 20, and a protective box (not shown in the figure) fixedly connected to the side wall of the housing 1 next to the through hole 5. The protective box contains a drive motor, and the output shaft of the drive motor passes through the side wall of the protective box and is fixedly connected to several cutting blades by bolts.

[0069] The controller is used to set the current threshold and uses a current sensor to monitor the current value of the DC motor 20. When the current value of the DC motor 20 exceeds the current threshold, the controller controls the output shaft of the drive motor to rotate.

[0070] When the through-hole 5 is blocked by marine organisms, silt, or floating debris, the water intake and drainage efficiency of the ballast tank 4 will decrease significantly. This causes the DC motor 20 to need to output more power to drive the push plate 23. At this time, the current value of the DC motor 20 monitored by the current sensor will exceed the preset threshold. The controller then triggers the drive motor in the protection box to start, driving the cutting blade to rotate at high speed to precisely cut and clean the blockage near the through-hole 5.

[0071] This automatic cleaning mechanism effectively avoids ballast water regulation failure caused by blocked through-holes. In extreme wave conditions, if through-hole 5 becomes blocked, preventing timely water intake into the ballast water tank 4, the tank 1 will struggle to quickly increase its draft and lower its center of gravity, significantly increasing the risk of capsizing. Conversely, when wave conditions subside, blocked through-hole 5 will hinder ballast water discharge, affecting the unit's return to high-efficiency power generation. Timely cleaning of the cutting blades ensures the through-holes remain unobstructed, allowing the water supply and drainage components to respond rapidly under any wave conditions, guaranteeing the reliability of the ballast water regulation function, and thus maintaining the structural stability and power generation efficiency of the unit.

[0072] Meanwhile, the self-cleaning component reduces the need for manual maintenance and minimizes disturbance to the surrounding waters of the mangroves. Cleaning the openings of traditional breakwaters or marine equipment often requires frequent manual diving operations, which are not only costly but can also cause secondary disturbance to the intertidal ecosystem of the mangroves. In contrast, the automated operation of this component requires no human intervention; the cutting blade only clears blockages near opening 5, avoiding damage to the surrounding marine habitats. This aligns with the overall eco-friendly design philosophy of the device and further strengthens its protective effectiveness for the mangrove coastline.

[0073] This invention directly utilizes wave mechanical energy to generate electricity through wave power generation components. Under normal wave conditions with wave heights of 0.5-2 meters, a single unit can generate an average of 80-120 kWh per day. The clean energy produced can meet the power needs of coastal monitoring equipment, ecological protection facilities, etc., reducing dependence on traditional fossil fuels. Simultaneously, the auxiliary power supply system composed of solar panels 30 and batteries further enhances energy self-sufficiency and avoids the damage to mangrove wetlands caused by laying cables to power coastal facilities. This integrated "wave protection + power generation" model promotes the green and sustainable development of the coastal zone while protecting the mangrove ecosystem. The device's adaptive adjustment mechanism not only ensures its own stability but also indirectly protects the mangrove's living environment. When the wave height is small, the device efficiently captures energy by increasing the swaying amplitude. At this time, the moderate wave transmission can promote water exchange in the mangrove area and provide sufficient nutrients for mangrove plants. When the waves are too large, the ballast tank 4 is filled with water to increase the draft of the tank to 2.0-2.5 meters. Combined with the adjustment of the sail angle, the anti-overturning ability is greatly improved, while the wave energy transmitted to the shore is controlled within the range that the mangroves can withstand, avoiding ecological disasters such as mangrove collapse and mudflat erosion caused by giant waves.

[0074] Through multiple adaptive adjustment mechanisms, the stability and anti-overturning capability of the device under extreme wave conditions are significantly improved. When encountering giant waves of 3-5 meters high, the angle adjustment of the sail plate 3 can reduce the impact force of the waves on the device by 40-50%. After the ballast tank 4 is filled with water, the draft of the tank 1 increases from the normal 1.2-1.5 meters to 2.0-2.5 meters, and the center of gravity is lowered by 30-40%. Combined with the double protection of the adjustment components, the displacement of the device under extreme weather conditions is controlled within 0.5 meters, and the risk of overturning is reduced by more than 70%. This effectively reduces the risk of device displacement, overturning or damage, ensuring that it can still maintain basic protective functions and power generation capacity under extreme weather conditions.

[0075] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A floating breakwater and wave energy power generation integrated device, comprising a floating breakwater box body (1), wherein the bottom of the box body (1) is provided with a wave power generation component for generating electricity using waves, characterized in that: The top of the box (1) is fixedly connected to a bracket (2); The top of the box (1) is fitted with several sails (3) that rotate. The box (1) is equipped with an adjustment component for adjusting the angle of the sails (3). The bottom wall of the box (1) is provided with a ballast water tank (4), and the side wall of the box (1) is provided with a through hole (5). The ballast water tank (4) is connected to the outside of the box (1) through the through hole (5). The bottom wall of the box (1) is provided with a water supply and drainage component for controlling the water inlet and outlet of the ballast water tank (4) to adjust the water depth of the box (1). The wave power generation component includes a base (6) symmetrically arranged below the box (1) and anchor cables (7) symmetrically and fixedly connected to the bottom of the box (1); one end of each anchor cable (7) is fixedly connected to the adjacent base (6), and the other end of each anchor cable (7) is fixedly connected to a tension spring (8); the end of each tension spring (8) away from the anchor cable (7) is fixedly connected to the adjacent base (6); a waterproof box (9) is fixedly connected to the top of each base (6), and a generator set is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of each waterproof box (9). The output shaft of each generator set passes through the side wall of the adjacent waterproof box (9) and is fixedly connected to a cable wheel (10) on the same axis. The anchor cables (7) are wound around the cable wheel (10) adjacent to each other; a power transmission line (11) is fixedly connected to the side wall of each waterproof box (9), and the power transmission line (11) is electrically connected to the output end of the adjacent generator set. The adjustment assembly includes a fixed shaft (12) symmetrically fixedly connected to the top wall of the box (1); the bottom of the fixed shaft (12) is rotatably fitted with an L-shaped rod (13); the bottom of the sail (3) is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft (14), the end of the rotating shaft (14) away from the sail (3) extends through the top wall of the box (1) into the box (1) and is fixedly connected with an L-shaped rocker arm (15); a slide rail (16) is hinged between adjacent L-shaped rods (13), a slide groove is opened on the slide rail (16), and the vertical end of the L-shaped rocker arm (15) is slidably fitted with the slide groove; a connecting rod (17) is also hinged between adjacent L-shaped rods (13); a first oil cylinder (18) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the box (1), a first piston column (19) is slidably fitted inside the first oil cylinder (18), and the end of the first piston column (19) away from the first oil cylinder (18) is hinged to the adjacent L-shaped rod (13); The device is applied to the ecological protection of mangrove coastlines. The sailboard (3) and the ballast tank (4) form a graded wave dissipation and adaptive collaborative adjustment mechanism. Specifically: Under small wave conditions, adjust the sail (3) of the adjustment component to be aligned to face the wave plane, which improves wave energy capture and power generation efficiency while maintaining water permeability to promote water exchange in the mangrove area; Under high wave conditions, the adjustment component adjusts the sail (3) to the deflection and wave discharge state, and with the ballast tank (4) water intake, the draft of the tank (1) is increased and the center of gravity is lowered, so that the wave energy transmitted to the shoreline is controlled within the range that the mangrove can bear.

2. The integrated floating breakwater and wave energy generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water supply and drainage assembly includes a controller and a drive unit. The drive unit is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing (1). A gear (21) is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive unit. A threaded rod (22) is coaxially fixedly connected to the side wall of the gear (21) away from the drive unit. The ballast water tank (4) has a sliding fit push plate (23), and an internal threaded pipe (24) is coaxially fixedly connected to one side wall of the push plate (23). The threaded rod (22) and the internal threaded pipe (24) are threadedly fitted. A support rod (25) is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the box (1). A rack (26) is slidably fitted on the support rod (25). A second piston column (27) is fixedly connected to the top of the rack (26). A second oil cylinder (28) is slidably fitted on the outside of the second piston column (27). The second oil cylinder (28) is fixedly connected to the support rod (25). The first oil cylinder (18) and the second oil cylinder (28) are connected. Both the first oil cylinder (18) and the second oil cylinder (28) are filled with silicone oil.

3. The integrated floating breakwater and wave energy generation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom of the enclosure (1) is equipped with a monitoring component for monitoring wave height; The monitoring component includes a pressure sensor fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing (1), with the sensing surface of the pressure sensor facing vertically downward; the controller is used to collect water pressure data from the bottom of the housing (1) to the sea level using the pressure sensor, and to control the output shaft of the drive to rotate based on the water pressure data.

4. The integrated floating breakwater and wave energy generation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pressure sensor is fitted with a stainless steel protective mesh, and a stainless steel protective mesh is also fixedly connected inside the through hole (5).

5. The integrated floating breakwater and wave energy generation device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bottom of the box (1) is fixedly connected with several "S"-shaped wave-damping nets (29).

6. The integrated floating breakwater and wave energy generation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The top of the bracket (2) is fixedly connected to a solar panel (30), and the bottom of the base (6) is fixedly connected to a gravity anchor.

7. The floating breakwater and wave energy power generation integrated device according to claim 6, characterized in that, A storage battery is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the box (1). The controller is used to control the solar panel (30) to charge the storage battery and control the storage battery to supply power to the drive components.

8. The integrated floating breakwater and wave energy generation device according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes self-cleaning components; The self-cleaning component includes a current sensor mounted on the drive unit and a protective box fixedly connected to the side hole (5) on the side wall of the housing (1). The protective box contains a drive motor, and the output shaft of the drive motor passes through the side wall of the protective box and is fixedly connected to several cutting blades. The controller is used to set the current threshold and uses a current sensor to monitor the current value of the drive component. When the current value of the drive component exceeds the current threshold, the controller controls the output shaft of the drive motor to rotate.

Images