TA determination method and device, electronic equipment, storage medium and computer program product

Abstract

The invention discloses a timing advance (TA) determination method and device, electronic equipment, a storage medium and a computer program product. The method comprises the following steps: a first device receives a synchronization signal sent by a network device of a non-terrestrial network (NTN), the synchronization signal is used for downlink time sequence synchronization, the first device is deployed in a satellite in the NTN, and the satellite works in a transparent forwarding mode; determining a first moment based on the synchronization signal, the first moment being associated with beam switching of downlink transmission; and determining a feed link propagation delay corresponding to the first moment, and determining a TA corresponding to the first moment by using the feed link propagation delay, the TA being associated with beam switching of uplink transmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a timing advance (TA) determination method, apparatus, electronic device, storage medium, and computer program product. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, when satellite power is limited in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), satellites can employ beam hopping technology to flexibly allocate resources across four dimensions: space, time, frequency, and power. This expands the satellite's coverage area and improves satellite link capabilities to adapt to the dynamic changes in terrestrial services (which can also be understood as the services provided by terrestrial users). Specifically, in beam hopping technology, the satellite's coverage area (which can also be understood as the satellite's service cell or satellite cell) is divided into several beam positions. Thus, when providing services, the satellite can flexibly adjust the beam direction according to the service demand of each beam position area and adjust the beam's dwell time (which can also be understood as the dwell service time) at each beam position in a time-division manner, achieving higher system capacity and frequency utilization.

[0003] When the beam-hopping system operates in transparent forwarding mode, the NTN base station deployed on the ground (also known as the terrestrial NTN base station) and the beam control equipment deployed on the satellite (also known as the beam controller) need to be synchronized to enable the terrestrial NTN base station to flexibly control the beam, such as performing symbol-level or time-slot-level synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB, Synchronization Signal and PBCH Block) scanning, in order to adapt to dynamic service changes.

[0004] However, in related technologies, there is currently no effective solution for achieving high-precision uplink timing synchronization (which can also be understood as uplink synchronization) between terrestrial NTN base stations and beam control equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the related technical issues, embodiments of this application provide a method, apparatus, electronic device, storage medium, and computer program product for determining a TA.

[0006] The technical solution of this application embodiment is implemented as follows:

[0007] This application provides a TA (Transfer Attempt) determination method, applied to a first device, the first device being deployed on a satellite in an NTN (Network Transit Network), the satellite operating in transparent forwarding mode, including:

[0008] Receive a synchronization signal sent by the network device of the NTN, the synchronization signal being used for downlink timing synchronization;

[0009] Based on the synchronization signal, a first moment is determined, and the first moment is associated with the beam switching of downlink transmission;

[0010] The propagation delay of the feeder link corresponding to the first time moment is determined, and the TA corresponding to the first time moment is determined using the propagation delay of the feeder link. The TA is associated with the beam switching of the uplink transmission.

[0011] In the above scheme, determining the propagation delay of the power supply link includes:

[0012] The network device of the NTN receives first information, which includes CommonTA parameters, CommonTA drift rate parameters, CommonTA drift rate change rate parameters, and the start time information of transmitting the first information.

[0013] The propagation delay of the power supply link corresponding to the first moment is determined using the first information.

[0014] In the above scheme, the first information is received through the System Information Block (SIB).

[0015] In the above scheme, determining the propagation delay of the feeder link includes:

[0016] The network device of the NTN receives second information, the second information including the slope corresponding to the propagation delay of the feeder link within a preset time period and the propagation delay of the feeder link at a second moment, the preset time period including the first moment and the second moment;

[0017] The propagation delay of the power supply link corresponding to the first moment is determined using the second information.

[0018] In the above scheme, the second information is received through the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH).

[0019] In the above scheme, the time and frequency resources corresponding to the PDSCH are preset or indicated by downlink control information (DCI).

[0020] In the above scheme, determining the propagation delay of the feeder link includes:

[0021] Based on the synchronization signal, the downlink propagation delay of the power supply link is determined;

[0022] The propagation delay of the feeder link at the first moment is determined by utilizing the downlink propagation delay of the feeder link.

[0023] The method in the above scheme further includes:

[0024] Based on the TA, uplink beam switching is performed.

[0025] This application embodiment also provides a TA determination device, disposed in a first device, the first device being deployed on a satellite in an NTN, the satellite operating in transparent forwarding mode, including:

[0026] The receiving unit is used to receive the synchronization signal sent by the network device of the NTN, the synchronization signal being used for downlink timing synchronization;

[0027] The determining unit is configured to determine a first time based on the synchronization signal, wherein the first time is associated with the beam switching of downlink transmission; and to determine the propagation delay of the feed link corresponding to the first time, and to determine the TA corresponding to the first time using the propagation delay of the feed link, wherein the TA is associated with the beam switching of uplink transmission.

[0028] This application also provides an electronic device deployed on a satellite in an NTN, the satellite operating in transparent forwarding mode, including:

[0029] A communication interface is provided for receiving synchronization signals sent by the network device of the NTN, the synchronization signals being used for downlink timing synchronization.

[0030] The processor is configured to determine a first moment based on the synchronization signal, the first moment being associated with beam switching of downlink transmission; and to determine the propagation delay of the feed link corresponding to the first moment, and to determine the TA corresponding to the first moment using the propagation delay of the feed link, the TA being associated with beam switching of uplink transmission.

[0031] This application also provides an electronic device, including: a processor and a memory for storing a computer program capable of running on the processor.

[0032] When the processor runs the computer program, it executes the steps of any of the above methods.

[0033] This application also provides a storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the above methods.

[0034] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the above methods.

[0035] The TA determination method, apparatus, electronic device, storage medium, and computer program product provided in this application embodiment include: a first device receiving a synchronization signal sent by a network device of an NTN, the synchronization signal being used for downlink timing synchronization; the first device being deployed in a satellite within the NTN, the satellite operating in transparent forwarding mode; the first device determining a first moment based on the synchronization signal, the first moment being associated with downlink beam switching; determining the feeder link propagation delay corresponding to the first moment, and using the feeder link propagation delay to determine the TA corresponding to the first moment, the TA being associated with uplink beam switching. The solution provided in this application embodiment allows a first device deployed on a satellite to determine the first moment of beam switching for downlink transmission after receiving a synchronization signal from an NTN network device (such as a ground-based NTN base station). The first device then determines the TA for uplink transmission based on this first moment. Thus, when the satellite receives uplink transmissions from a terminal and forwards them to the NTN network device, the first device can control the satellite to switch the uplink transmission beam to a new band position before the first TA moment. This ensures that the NTN network device can complete the beam switching for both uplink and downlink transmissions simultaneously without affecting data transmission and reception. For example, it prevents the satellite from switching beams too early, causing terminals within the previous band position range to fail to complete uplink transmission, and it also prevents the satellite from switching beams too late, causing terminals within the new band position range to fail to start uplink transmission in a timely manner. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of beam switching in related technologies;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating uplink timing synchronization and downlink timing synchronization in related technologies;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the TA determination method in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an uplink synchronization system for ground-controlled hopping beams, which is an application example of this application.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the first uplink synchronization method used in this application example.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the second uplink synchronization method used in this application.

[0042] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the third uplink synchronization method used in this application.

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application example of this application, demonstrating TA estimation using the downlink propagation delay of the feeder link receiving the SSB.

[0044] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the TA determining device structure according to an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic device structure according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0047] In related technologies, an NTN system employing beam-hopping technology can also be called a beam-hopping system. A beam-hopping system typically includes a beam controller, an NTN base station, and ground-based terminals. The beam controller, usually deployed on a satellite, is used for beam switching. The NTN base station is used for data transmission (e.g., data transmission and reception on broadcast and / or service channels) and instructs the beam controller to perform beam switching. The NTN base station can be deployed on a satellite or on the ground; when deployed on the ground, it is also called a terrestrial NTN base station. The ground-based terminals are also understood as terrestrial terminals, hereinafter referred to as terminals. Specifically, the terminal can be a user equipment (UE).

[0048] In practical applications, if the timing synchronization (or timing alignment) between the NTN base station and the beam hopping system cannot be ensured, the beam hopping controller may switch beams too early or too late, which may affect data transmission.

[0049] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the satellite transmits SSB0 and SSB1 via beam A in time slot 0 to serve terminals within the range of beam position 1. Then, at the moment when the satellite performs beam switching (also known as on-board beam switching or beam hopping), the satellite performs beam hopping and transmits SSB2 and SSB3 via beam B in time slot 1 to serve terminals within the range of beam position 2. In this scenario, due to the constantly changing distance between the satellite and the ground, if the timing between the NTN base station and the beam controller is not synchronized, the beam controller may switch beams too early or too late. When the beam switch is too early, terminals within the range of beam position 1 may have difficulty transmitting data accurately in the last few symbols of time slot 0; when the beam switch is too late, terminals within the range of beam position 2 may have difficulty transmitting data accurately in the first few symbols of time slot 1.

[0050] In practical applications, when the hopping beam system is operating in regenerative mode (which can also be understood as the satellite operating in regenerative mode), both the NTN base station and the beam controller are deployed on the satellite (which can also be understood as being located on the satellite). At this time, the NTN base station and the beam controller can use the same clock (such as the satellite clock) to achieve precise time synchronization, thereby ensuring that the beam controller can switch beams at the appropriate time.

[0051] However, when the beam-hopping system operates in transparent forwarding mode (which can also be understood as the satellite operating in transparent forwarding mode), the NTN base station is deployed on the ground, while the beam controller is deployed on the satellite. In this case, timing synchronization between the ground NTN base station and the beam controller is required for both uplink and downlink transmissions. This ensures that the beam controller can switch beams at the appropriate time, thereby accurately transmitting data. Here, uplink refers to the direction in which the terminal sends information to the satellite, and the direction in which the satellite sends information to the ground NTN base station; downlink refers to the direction in which the ground NTN base station sends information to the satellite, and the direction in which the satellite sends information to the terminal.

[0052] In related technologies, when the beam-hopping system operates in transparent forwarding mode, timing synchronization between the terrestrial NTN base station and the beam controller can typically be achieved through the following two methods:

[0053] The first approach involves deploying a beam control terminal on the satellite. The beam control terminal can calculate the transmission delay of the feeder link based on the location information and ephemeris information of the ground NTN base station, and obtain the calculation result. Then, the beam control terminal can use the obtained calculation result to perform timing synchronization on the beam controller.

[0054] The second approach involves deploying a beam control terminal and / or an SSB synchronization module on a satellite. The ground-based NTN base station transmits NTN downlink SSB signals to the beam control terminal and / or SSB synchronization module via a feeder link. The beam control terminal and / or SSB synchronization module then use the synchronously acquired NTN downlink SSB signals for synchronization. In 5G mobile communication technology, the NTN downlink SSB signal can also be understood as a New Radio (NR) NTN downlink SSB signal (or a 5G in-band SSB signal).

[0055] In practical applications, for the first scheme mentioned above, when the satellite is moving at high speed, the calculation of the propagation delay of the feed link by the beam control terminal heavily relies on the accuracy of the ephemeris information acquired by the beam control terminal and its computing power. However, the space environment is complex, and it is usually difficult to deploy sufficient resources on the satellite. Therefore, the first scheme mentioned above is difficult to achieve accurate (or high-precision) timing synchronization (such as symbol-level timing synchronization). At the same time, in NTN systems (such as 5G NTN systems), the timing synchronization error (which can also be understood as timing synchronization error or end-to-end synchronization error) is usually quite strict, for example, it needs to be controlled within 1 / 2 cyclic prefix (CP, Cyclic). Within the range of (Prefix), for example, when the subcarrier spacing is 15kHz, the CP length is 4.68 microseconds (μs), and the time synchronization error needs to be controlled within 2.34μs. Since the beam control terminal is an important part of the synchronization error of the NTN system, the requirements for the time synchronization error of the beam control terminal may be more stringent. Therefore, when the first scheme mentioned above is used for timing synchronization, it is usually difficult to meet the time synchronization error requirements.

[0056] Meanwhile, for the second scheme mentioned above, using the NTN downlink SSB signal for synchronization can achieve high-precision downlink timing synchronization for downlink transmission (which can also be understood as downlink synchronization). However, this scheme does not consider the implementation method of uplink timing synchronization.

[0057] As can be seen from the above description, there is an urgent need for a solution that can achieve high-precision uplink timing synchronization between ground NTN base stations and wave controllers.

[0058] Based on this, in various embodiments of this application, the first device deployed on the satellite can, after receiving the synchronization signal sent by the NTN network device (such as a ground NTN base station), use the synchronization signal to determine the first moment of the satellite's downlink beam switching, and determine the uplink transmission TA for the first moment. Thus, when the satellite receives the uplink transmission sent by the terminal and forwards it to the NTN network device, the first device can control the satellite to switch the uplink transmission beam to a new band position at a time earlier than the first moment TA. This ensures that the NTN network device can complete the uplink and downlink beam switching at the same time without affecting data transmission and reception. For example, it can prevent the satellite from performing beam switching too early, causing terminals within the previous band position range to not complete uplink transmission, and it can also prevent the satellite from performing beam switching too late, causing terminals within the new band position range to not be able to start uplink transmission in time.

[0059] Before describing the embodiments of this application, the TA mechanism will be explained first:

[0060] In related technologies, an uplink TA (also known as uplink transmission TA, hereinafter referred to as TA) mechanism is introduced at the base station side to ensure time alignment of uplink signals received by the base station from different devices in the same time slot but with different frequency resources, thereby guaranteeing the orthogonality of uplink transmission. In the uplink TA mechanism, for each device sending an uplink signal to the base station, the corresponding TA (also known as the TA value) represents the amount of time that the device needs to send signals in advance to achieve uplink timing synchronization with the base station, assuming downlink timing synchronization.

[0061] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, in the NTN system, assuming the beam control command issued by the NTN network device to the first device instructs beam switching (including uplink and downlink beam switching) to be performed in time slot n, since the uplink and downlink timings are aligned on the NTN network device side (e.g., the terrestrial NTN gNB), the time slot n corresponding to the uplink (UL, Uplink) of the NTN network device is aligned with the time slot n corresponding to the downlink (DL, Downlink). At this time, on the first device side (e.g., the satellite beam control terminal), the time slot n corresponding to the uplink timing synchronization (i.e., the time slot n corresponding to the UL of the first device) is not aligned with the time slot n corresponding to the downlink timing synchronization (i.e., the time slot n corresponding to the DL of the first device) (which can also be understood as the start time of receiving the downlink time slot not being aligned with the start time of transmitting the corresponding uplink time slot), and there is a negative offset between them. Here, the value of the negative offset is the TA corresponding to time slot n, which can specifically include: the downlink propagation delay of the feed link between the NTN network device and the first device (i.e., the downlink propagation delay of the feed link between the NTN network device and the first device). Figure 2 The feeder link delay 1) and the uplink propagation delay of the feeder link (i.e. Figure 2 In the context of feeder link delay (where TA = feeder link delay0 + feeder link delay1), the satellite can switch the downlink beam at time slot n (absolute time + feeder link delay1) to ensure downlink timing synchronization, and switch the uplink beam at time slot n (absolute time - feeder link delay0) to ensure uplink timing synchronization. The downlink propagation delay and uplink propagation delay of the feeder link can be collectively referred to as the feeder link propagation delay; that is, the feeder link propagation delay includes both the downlink and uplink propagation delays.

[0062] This application provides a TA (Transfer Attempt) determination method, applied to a first device, which is deployed on a satellite in an NTN (Network Transit Network), and the satellite operates in transparent forwarding mode, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the method includes:

[0063] Step 301: Receive the synchronization signal sent by the network device of the NTN, the synchronization signal being used for downlink timing synchronization;

[0064] Step 302: Based on the synchronization signal, determine the first moment, which is associated with the beam switching of downlink transmission;

[0065] Step 303: Determine the propagation delay of the feeder link corresponding to the first time moment, and use the propagation delay of the feeder link to determine the TA corresponding to the first time moment, wherein the TA is associated with the uplink beam switching.

[0066] In practical applications, the satellite may include satellites in an NTN system (such as low-Earth orbit or medium-Earth orbit satellites). These satellites are equipped with beam controllers (also understood as beam control modules or beam control units). The beam controllers are used for beam control (also understood as beam switching or beam adjustment), for example, beam control based on beam pointing information indicated by the NTN network equipment. The beams include uplink beams and / or downlink beams; the uplink beam refers to the beam through which the satellite receives uplink data transmitted by a terminal (hereinafter referred to as the terminal) in the NTN system; the downlink beam refers to the beam through which the satellite transmits downlink data to the terminal. This application does not limit the name of the beam controller, as long as its function is implemented.

[0067] The first device can be deployed together with the beam controller, i.e., the two are installed together. In this case, the first device can also be understood as a beam controller unit or beam controller module, etc. Alternatively, the first device can also be deployed as a separate device. In this case, the first device can interact with the beam controller and control the beam controller to perform beam switching. The first device can also be called a beam controller terminal, etc. This application embodiment does not limit the specific deployment method and name of the first device, as long as its function is achieved.

[0068] The network equipment of the NTN is deployed on the ground, specifically it can be a ground NTN base station, such as a ground NTN gNB. In this embodiment of the application, the name of the network equipment of the NTN is not limited, as long as its function is realized.

[0069] In practical applications, a satellite operating in transparent forwarding mode can receive uplink transmissions (also known as uplink data) sent by the terminal and forward them to the NTN network device; at the same time, the satellite can receive downlink transmissions (also known as downlink data) sent by the NTN network device and forward them to the terminal.

[0070] In practical applications, the NTN network device can transmit third information associated with beam switching to the first device to inform the first device of one or more (one or more can also be understood as at least one) times when the NTN network device adjusts the served beam position (i.e., switches beams). The third information can also be understood as beam control indication information, beam control command, or beam hopping indication information, etc. This application embodiment does not limit the name of the third information.

[0071] Specifically, the NTN network device can first transmit the third information, which includes a beam transition pattern, to the parsing module deployed on the satellite via a ground gateway station. Then, after receiving the third information, the parsing module parses the beam transition pattern to obtain a parsing result, and sends the parsing result to the first device, so that the first device can control the beam controller to perform beam switching based on the parsing result. The parsing result includes one or more beam switching time information (such as time slot information identifiers), and beam pointing information corresponding to each time point. The parsing module can be a module within the first device, or it can be deployed on other devices on the satellite besides the first device; this embodiment does not limit this.

[0072] To ensure that the NTN network device can accurately transmit data with the terminal before and after each beam switching moment, the NTN network device needs to perform uplink timing synchronization and downlink timing synchronization with the first device, so that the first device can correctly switch the uplink transmission beam and the downlink transmission beam for each beam switching moment.

[0073] Based on this, the NTN network device can send a synchronization signal to the first device, so that the first device can use the synchronization signal for downlink timing synchronization. The synchronization signal may include an NR NTN downlink SSB signal, and the synchronization signal may be transmitted periodically, for example, the first device receives the synchronization signal every 20ms. Periodically transmitted synchronization signals can also be understood as discrete synchronization signals (such as discrete SSB signals). This application embodiment does not limit the specific implementation of the synchronization signal.

[0074] In step 301, the first device receives the synchronization signal, and then the first device can use the synchronization signal to perform downlink timing synchronization. Specifically, the specific implementation of downlink timing synchronization by the first device can be understood with reference to related technologies, and this application embodiment does not limit it in this regard.

[0075] After downlink timing synchronization, in step 302, the first device can use the timing information of each beam switching contained in the third information to determine the first moment, that is, the moment of switching the downlink transmission beam. Specifically, the first device can use 1ms (corresponding to 15kHz) or 0.5ms (corresponding to 30kHz) as the length of a time slot and determine the time slot corresponding to the first moment to realize downlink frame timing, which can also be understood as determining the downlink synchronization header.

[0076] After determining the first moment, the first device can switch the downlink transmission beam pointing to the corresponding wave position according to the downlink transmission wave position pointing information corresponding to the first moment, so as to ensure accurate downlink transmission to the terminal within the switched wave position range.

[0077] After determining the first time point, in step 303, the first device determines the feeder link propagation delay corresponding to the first time point, that is, the downlink propagation delay of the feeder link when the network device of the NTN sends information to the first device at the first time point, and the uplink propagation delay of the feeder link when the network device of the NTN receives information sent by the first device at the first time point. Then, the first device can use the determined feeder link propagation delay as the TA corresponding to the first time point, and perform uplink beam switching based on the TA.

[0078] In related technologies, the start time of the downlink time slot received by the terminal in the NTN system is not aligned with the start time of the corresponding uplink time slot, resulting in a negative offset. This means that the terminal in the NTN system also needs to determine the TA (Target Acquisition Time) and advance the uplink transmission by a corresponding amount of time (which can also be understood as maintaining uplink synchronization). Specifically, in the NTN system, the terminal determines the TA by performing open-loop calculations based on its own positioning information (also understood as its own location information), ephemeris information, etc., to obtain the corresponding TA, and then adjusting the TA using the TA command media access control element (TA Command MAC CE) issued by the NTN network equipment.

[0079] However, in related technologies, the methods for determining the TA (Transmission Aspect) of NTN (Network Synchronization) system terminals place high demands on terminal reliability and protocol completeness. For the first device deployed on a satellite, due to the complex space environment and limited satellite resources, it is difficult to use the same method to determine the TA corresponding to the first device. In other words, a simpler TA determination method needs to be designed for the first device while meeting synchronization error requirements.

[0080] Based on this, for the first device with superior capabilities (such as more computing resources), the network device of the NTN can send relevant parameters for calculating the propagation delay of the power supply link to the first device, so that the first device can use the received parameters to independently calculate the propagation delay of the power supply link at the first moment.

[0081] Specifically, in one embodiment, determining the propagation delay of the power supply link includes:

[0082] The network device of the NTN receives first information, which includes CommonTA parameters, CommonTA drift rate parameters, CommonTA drift rate change rate parameters, and the start time information of transmitting the first information.

[0083] The propagation delay of the power supply link corresponding to the first moment is determined using the first information.

[0084] In practical applications, the first information may also be referred to as Common TA information. This application embodiment does not limit the name of the first information.

[0085] Upon receiving the first information, the first device can use all the parameters contained in the first information and the start time information of the first information to calculate the propagation delay of the power supply link at the first time.

[0086] Specifically, the calculation formula for the propagation delay of the power supply link at the first moment, determined by the first device, can be expressed as formula (1):

[0087]

[0088] Where t represents the target time, and Delay common (t) represents the time delay corresponding to the target time, TA Common This refers to the CommonTA parameter, TA. CommonDrift This represents the CommonTA drift rate parameter, TA CommonDriftVariant The parameter representing the rate of change of the CommonTA drift rate, t epoch This indicates the start time of transmitting the first information. In practical applications, the first device first takes the first time T as the target time and calculates the delay corresponding to T using formula (1). common 1; Then, the first device will set t1 = T - Delay common Using 1 as the target time, the time delay corresponding to t1 is calculated using formula (1). common 2; Then, the first device will set t2 = t1 - Delay common Using 2 as the target time, the time delay corresponding to t2 is calculated using formula (1).common 3; Finally, the first device can delay common 1 and Delay common The average value of 2 is used as the downlink propagation delay of the feeder link, and the delay is set as 1. common 2 and Delay common The average value of 3 is used as the feeder link delay 0. Thus, the first device can determine the TA corresponding to the first moment, and the calculation formula can be expressed as formula (2):

[0089]

[0090] In practical applications, the NTN network device can send the first information to the first device via the SIB; correspondingly, in one embodiment, the first device receives the first information via the SIB. Specifically, the SIB may include SIB19. When the first device receives the first information via SIB19, the first device needs to be able to receive SIB19 and be configured accordingly for receiving SIB19. This application embodiment does not limit the specific implementation of the configuration for the first device to receive SIB19.

[0091] In practical applications, when there are multiple first moments (i.e. multiple beam switching moments), the first device can calculate the TA corresponding to each first moment by combining the received synchronization signal; or, the first device can also take a certain moment within a fixed period as the first moment and calculate the TA of that first moment by combining the synchronization signal, thereby obtaining the relationship between TA and time, that is, realizing the maintenance of the TA change curve.

[0092] As can be seen from the above description, the first device can accurately calculate the propagation delay of the power supply link using the first information and obtain the TA, with a low synchronization error.

[0093] However, performing calculations locally on the first device may require high computing power from the first device. For the first device with weak computing power, the network device of the NTN can assist in performing some calculation tasks, obtain intermediate results, and send the intermediate results to the first device so that the first device can determine the propagation delay of the power supply link based on the intermediate results.

[0094] Based on this, in one embodiment, determining the propagation delay of the power supply link includes:

[0095] The network device of the NTN receives second information, the second information including the slope corresponding to the propagation delay of the feeder link within a preset time period and the propagation delay of the feeder link at a second moment, the preset time period including the first moment and the second moment;

[0096] The propagation delay of the power supply link corresponding to the first moment is determined using the second information.

[0097] In practical applications, the NTN network device can calculate the feeder link propagation delay corresponding to the second moment within a preset time period (specifically, a periodic time period, such as every 20ms) using formulas (1) and (2). Simultaneously, the NTN network device can obtain the slope corresponding to the feeder link propagation delay within the preset time period by differentiating the second moment. Alternatively, the NTN network device can determine the slope corresponding to the feeder link propagation delay within the preset time period using the feeder link propagation delays corresponding to the start and end times of the preset time period. This application embodiment does not limit the specific implementation method for determining the slope corresponding to the feeder link propagation delay within the preset time period.

[0098] After determining the propagation delay of the power supply link corresponding to the second time moment and the slope corresponding to the propagation delay of the power supply link within a preset time period, the network device of the NTN can generate second information and send the second information to the first device so that the first device can use the first information to determine the propagation delay of the power supply link corresponding to the first time moment.

[0099] Specifically, the NTN network device can send the second information to the first device via PDSCH; correspondingly, in one embodiment, the first device receives the second information via PDSCH. More specifically, the NTN network device can configure a fixed time-frequency resource block for the first device to receive the PDSCH; that is, in one embodiment, the time-frequency resources corresponding to the PDSCH are pre-set. In this case, the first device does not need to receive DCI and can perform conservative scheduling. Of course, the NTN network device can also send DCI to the first device, and the first device receives the DCI at a designated location and receives the PDSCH according to the time-frequency domain resources indicated by the DCI. That is, in one embodiment, the time-frequency resources corresponding to the PDSCH are indicated by the DCI.

[0100] In practical applications, the NTN network device can also send the second information to the first device via the in-band telemetry and control link; correspondingly, in one embodiment, the first device receives the second information via the in-band telemetry and control link. Specifically, the first device can receive the second information sent by the NTN network device via the in-band telemetry and control link, forwarded by other modules or devices deployed on the satellite.

[0101] In practical applications, the network device of the NTN can determine the period for sending the second information to the first device according to actual needs (such as time synchronization error requirements), and the first device can determine the propagation delay of the power supply link according to the latest second information received.

[0102] Specifically, the calculation formula for determining the propagation delay of the power supply link using the second information by the first device can be expressed as formula (3):

[0103] Delay common (t')=k(t-T2)+ Delay common (T2) (3)

[0104] Where t' represents the target time, k represents the slope corresponding to the propagation delay of the feeder link within the preset time period, and T2 represents the second time. In practical applications, the first device first takes the first time T as the target time t', and uses the formula (3) to calculate the delay corresponding to T. common 1; Then, the first device will set t1' = T - Delay common 1 is taken as the target time, and the time delay corresponding to t1' is calculated using formula (3). common 2; Then, the first device will set t2' = t1' - Delay common Using 2 as the target time, the time delay corresponding to t2' is calculated using formula (3). common 3; Finally, the first device can delay common 1 and Delay common The average value of 2 is used as the downlink propagation delay of the feeder link, and the delay is set to 1. common 2 and Delay common The average value of 3 is used as the feeder link delay0, and the TA corresponding to the first moment is obtained using formula (2).

[0105] As can be seen from the above description, after the first device receives the second information, it only needs to perform a single function calculation, without performing a quadratic function calculation. It can determine the propagation delay of the power supply link and the corresponding TA at the first moment using less computing resources, making the implementation simple.

[0106] In practical applications, for the first device with weaker computing power, the first device can directly determine the propagation delay of the power supply link without performing additional calculations.

[0107] Specifically, in one embodiment, determining the propagation delay of the power supply link includes:

[0108] Based on the synchronization signal, the downlink propagation delay of the power supply link is determined;

[0109] The propagation delay of the feeder link at the first moment is determined by utilizing the downlink propagation delay of the feeder link.

[0110] In practical applications, the first device has the ability to maintain the start time of the downlink frames of the NTN network device. That is, the first device can know the start time when the NTN network device sends the synchronization signal. In this case, the first device can use the start time t0 of the NTN network device sending the synchronization signal and the start time t1 of the first device receiving the synchronization signal to determine the feeder link downlink propagation delay 0 = t1 - t0. Then, the first device can approximately assume that the feeder link uplink propagation delay is the same as the feeder link downlink propagation delay, and obtain TA: TA = 2 × feeder link delay 0.

[0111] As can be seen from the above description, the first device can use the synchronization signal to determine the propagation delay of the power supply link corresponding to the first moment. When the reception period of the synchronization signal is short (i.e., the synchronization signal is updated frequently), a small time synchronization error can be obtained.

[0112] Once the TA is determined, the first device can control the satellite to switch the uplink transmission beam to a new position at a time earlier than the first time TA.

[0113] Based on this, in one embodiment, the method may further include:

[0114] Based on the TA, uplink beam switching is performed.

[0115] For example, assuming the first time point is T1, the first device can switch the uplink transmission beam at the time point corresponding to T1-TA. The step of determining the time point corresponding to T1-TA can also be understood as uplink frame timing, or determining the uplink synchronization header.

[0116] The TA determination method provided in this application embodiment involves a first device receiving a synchronization signal sent by a network device of an NTN (Network Network Technology Center). This synchronization signal is used for downlink timing synchronization. The first device is deployed on a satellite within the NTN, and the satellite operates in transparent forwarding mode. Based on the synchronization signal, a first time point is determined, which is associated with beam switching for downlink transmission. The propagation delay of the feeder link corresponding to the first time point is determined, and the TA corresponding to the first time point is determined using this propagation delay. This TA is associated with beam switching for uplink transmission. The solution provided in this application embodiment allows the first device deployed on the satellite (such as a beam control terminal or an SSB synchronization module) to determine the first time point for downlink beam switching after receiving the synchronization signal sent by the network device of the NTN (such as a ground-based NTN base station), and to determine the TA for uplink transmission based on this first time point. Thus, when the satellite receives the uplink transmission sent by the terminal and forwards it to the NTN network equipment, the first device can control the satellite to switch the uplink transmission beam to a new position at a time TA earlier than the first time. This ensures that the NTN network equipment can complete the beam switching of uplink and downlink transmission at the same time without affecting data transmission and reception. For example, it can prevent the satellite from switching beams too early, causing terminals in the previous position range to not complete uplink transmission, or the satellite from switching beams too late, causing terminals in the new position range to not be able to start uplink transmission in time.

[0117] The following section provides a more detailed description of this application with reference to application examples.

[0118] This application example provides an uplink synchronization system for ground-controlled beam skipping, such as... Figure 4 As shown, it includes: a ground NTN base station and a satellite; the satellite is equipped with a satellite phased array antenna and an onboard beam control unit (which can also be understood as a simplified beam control terminal); the ground NTN base station and the satellite transmit NR NTN signals through the ground NTN baseband; the ground NTN base station and the satellite transmit hopping beam patterns through the feed link baseband (or telemetry and control link baseband).

[0119] Based on the above system, and for a beam control unit capable of receiving SIB19 messages, this application provides an uplink synchronization method, such as... Figure 5 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0120] Step 501: The ground NTN base station (i.e., the network equipment of the NTN mentioned above) sends the beam transition pattern to the parsing module (or pattern parsing module) through the ground gateway station (which can also be understood as the gateway station);

[0121] Specifically, the ground-based NTN base station can formulate the beam transition pattern according to actual needs, and send the beam transition pattern to the parsing module through the ground gateway station via the in-line telemetry and control link.

[0122] Step 502: The parsing module parses the received beam hopping pattern, obtains the parsing result (which can also be understood as the solution result, or the pattern information solution result, etc.), and sends the parsing result to the beam control unit (i.e., the first device mentioned above); then, step 503 is executed;

[0123] Step 503: The ground NTN base station sends the NR NTN downlink SSB signal to the beam control unit;

[0124] Specifically, the ground-based NTN base station can send NR NTN downlink SSB signals to the beam control unit according to a preset cycle; then, step 504 is executed.

[0125] Step 504: The beam control unit performs downlink timing synchronization based on the received NR NTN downlink SSB signal to realize downlink frame timing (i.e., the first moment mentioned above); then execute step 505;

[0126] Step 505: The ground NTN base station sends an SIB19 message to the beam control unit; wherein, the SIB19 message contains CommonTA information, and the Common TA information may include TA Common TA CommonDrift TA CommonDriftVariant t epoch wait;

[0127] Step 506: After receiving the SIB19 message, the wave control unit parses the Common TA information and calculates the TA based on the Common TA information; then it executes step 507.

[0128] Step 507: The beam control unit uses the TA and the analysis results to determine the uplink beam transition time, thereby realizing uplink frame timing.

[0129] In practical applications, by executing steps 501 to 507, the TA value at any time can be calculated based on Common TA information and discrete SSB signals. This has a low synchronization error and is suitable for scenarios with large SSB periods.

[0130] For wave control units with limited computing power, this application provides an uplink synchronization method in its application examples, such as... Figure 6 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0131] Step 601: The ground NTN base station sends the beam transition pattern to the parsing module through the ground gateway station;

[0132] Step 602: The parsing module parses the received beam hopping pattern, obtains the parsing result, and sends the parsing result to the beam control unit; then, step 603 is executed;

[0133] Step 603: The ground NTN base station sends the NR NTN downlink SSB signal to the beam control unit; then, proceed to step 604;

[0134] Step 604: The beam control unit performs downlink timing synchronization based on the received NR NTN downlink SSB signal to realize downlink frame timing; then proceed to step 605;

[0135] Step 605: Based on formula (1), the ground NTN base station determines the new Common TA (which can be expressed as Common TA_new) information (i.e. the second information mentioned above) corresponding to a future time period, and sends the new Common TA information to the beam control unit through PDSCH; wherein, the new Common TA information includes a certain absolute time within the time period (i.e. the second time mentioned above), the propagation delay of the feeder link corresponding to that time, and the slope of the propagation delay of the feeder link corresponding to that time;

[0136] In practical applications, ground-based NTN base stations can also send the new Common TA information via the accompanying telemetry and control link.

[0137] Specifically, the ground-based NTN base station can first send the new Common TA information to the parsing module; then, the parsing module parses the received new Common TA information to obtain the parsed new Common TA information, and sends the parsed new Common TA information to the beam control unit.

[0138] Step 606: After receiving the new Common TA information, the wave control unit uses the new Common TA information in combination with formula (3) to calculate the equivalent TA and obtain the TA; then, step 607 is executed.

[0139] Step 607: The beam control unit uses the TA and the analysis results to determine the uplink beam transition time, thereby realizing uplink frame timing.

[0140] In practical applications, by executing steps 601 to 607, based on the new Common TA information, only a simple linear function calculation can be performed to estimate the TA value at any time, achieving a simple implementation.

[0141] For beam control units capable only of SSB synchronization (which can also be understood as beam control units equipped only with an SSB synchronization module), this application provides an uplink synchronization method in the application example, such as... Figure 7 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0142] Step 701: The ground NTN base station sends the beam transition pattern to the parsing module through the ground gateway station;

[0143] Step 702: The parsing module parses the received beam hopping pattern, obtains the parsing result, and sends the parsing result to the beam control unit; then, step 703 is executed;

[0144] Step 703: The ground NTN base station sends the NR NTN downlink SSB signal to the beam control unit; then, proceed to step 704;

[0145] Step 704: The beam control unit performs downlink timing synchronization based on the received NR NTN downlink SSB signal to realize downlink frame timing; then proceed to step 705;

[0146] Step 705: The beam control unit determines the feed link propagation delay at the time of receiving the SSB; and uses twice the feed link propagation delay at the time of receiving the SSB as TA;

[0147] Step 706: The beam control unit uses the TA and the analysis results to determine the uplink beam transition time, thereby realizing uplink frame timing.

[0148] In practical applications, by executing steps 701 to 706, such as Figure 8 As shown, the downlink propagation delay of the feeder link when a SSB is received is approximated as the downlink propagation delay of the feeder link at any moment within the corresponding period of the SSB, and the downlink propagation delay of the feeder link is assumed to be equal to the uplink propagation delay of the feeder link, thereby estimating TA. This method is suitable for scenarios with small SSB periods.

[0149] The application example provided in this application addresses the problem of misalignment of uplink and downlink timing in the onboard beam controller of a ground-controlled beam-hopping system. It proposes three methods to achieve uplink timing synchronization between the ground NTN base station and the onboard beam controller unit, ensuring that the satellite uplink beam hopping matches the NTN base station scheduling.

[0150] Meanwhile, compared with the solution of uplink timing synchronization by ground NTN terminal, the three synchronization solutions provided in the application examples of this application are relatively simple, with controllable complexity, and are suitable for on-board scenarios with complex space environment and limited on-board resources.

[0151] Meanwhile, compared with the scheme in which the onboard beam control terminal uses ephemeris information and other information to calculate the power supply link delay and achieve uplink timing synchronization, the synchronization scheme provided in the application example of this application achieves downlink timing synchronization based on the in-band SSB synchronization signal, and back-calculates the uplink frame timing based on the calculated TA. It has high synchronization accuracy and lower requirements for the accuracy of information acquisition and computing resources.

[0152] Meanwhile, compared with the satellite-to-ground synchronization scheme that only achieves downlink timing synchronization based on in-band SSB, the synchronization scheme provided in the application example of this application can simultaneously solve the problem of misalignment of uplink and downlink timing of the on-board beam controller control beam, ensuring that the satellite uplink beam jump matches the NTN base station scheduling.

[0153] To implement the method of the embodiments of this application, the embodiments of this application also provide a TA determining device, which is disposed on a first device. The first device is deployed on a satellite in an NTN, and the satellite operates in transparent forwarding mode, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the device includes:

[0154] The receiving unit 901 is used to receive a synchronization signal sent by the network device of the NTN, the synchronization signal being used for downlink timing synchronization;

[0155] The determining unit 902 is configured to determine a first moment based on the synchronization signal, wherein the first moment is associated with the beam switching of downlink transmission; and to determine the propagation delay of the feed link corresponding to the first moment, and to determine the TA corresponding to the first moment using the propagation delay of the feed link, wherein the TA is associated with the beam switching of uplink transmission.

[0156] In one embodiment, the receiving unit 901 is further configured to:

[0157] The network device of the NTN receives first information, which includes CommonTA parameters, CommonTA drift rate parameters, CommonTA drift rate change rate parameters, and the start time information of transmitting the first information.

[0158] The determining unit 902 is specifically used for:

[0159] The propagation delay of the power supply link corresponding to the first moment is determined using the first information.

[0160] In one embodiment, the receiving unit 901 is specifically used to receive the first information via SIB.

[0161] In one embodiment, the receiving unit 901 is further configured to:

[0162] The network device of the NTN receives second information, the second information including the slope corresponding to the propagation delay of the feeder link within a preset time period and the propagation delay of the feeder link at a second moment, the preset time period including the first moment and the second moment;

[0163] The determining unit 902 is specifically used for:

[0164] The propagation delay of the power supply link corresponding to the first moment is determined using the second information.

[0165] In one embodiment, the receiving unit 901 is specifically used to receive the second information via PDSCH.

[0166] In one embodiment, the determining unit 902 is specifically used for:

[0167] Based on the synchronization signal, the downlink propagation delay of the power supply link is determined;

[0168] The propagation delay of the feeder link at the first moment is determined by utilizing the downlink propagation delay of the feeder link.

[0169] In one embodiment, the device may further include:

[0170] The switching unit is used to perform uplink beam switching based on the TA.

[0171] In practical applications, the receiving unit 901 can be implemented by the communication interface in the TA determining device, and the determining unit 902 and the switching unit can be implemented by the processor in the TA determining device in combination with the communication interface.

[0172] It should be noted that the TA determination device provided in the above embodiments is only illustrated by the division of the above-described program units. In practical applications, the above processing can be assigned to different program units as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different program units to complete all or part of the processing described above. In addition, the TA determination device and the TA determination method embodiments provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept, and their specific implementation process can be found in the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0173] Based on the hardware implementation of the above program modules, and in order to implement the method of the embodiments of this application, the embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the electronic device 1000 includes:

[0174] Communication interface 1001 enables information exchange with other devices;

[0175] The processor 1002 is connected to the communication interface 1001 to enable information interaction with other devices and to execute the methods provided by one or more of the above-mentioned technical solutions when running a computer program;

[0176] The computer program is stored in memory 1003.

[0177] Specifically, the communication interface 1001 is used for:

[0178] Receive a synchronization signal sent by the network device of the NTN, the synchronization signal being used for downlink timing synchronization;

[0179] The processor 1002 is used for:

[0180] Based on the synchronization signal, a first time point is determined, which is associated with the beam switching of downlink transmission; and the propagation delay of the feed link corresponding to the first time point is determined, and the TA corresponding to the first time point is determined using the propagation delay of the feed link, which is associated with the beam switching of uplink transmission.

[0181] In one embodiment, the communication interface 1001 is further configured to:

[0182] The network device of the NTN receives first information, which includes CommonTA parameters, CommonTA drift rate parameters, CommonTA drift rate change rate parameters, and the start time information of transmitting the first information.

[0183] The processor 1002 is specifically used for:

[0184] The propagation delay of the power supply link corresponding to the first moment is determined using the first information.

[0185] In one embodiment, the communication interface 1001 is specifically used to receive the first information via SIB.

[0186] In one embodiment, the communication interface 1001 is further configured to:

[0187] The network device of the NTN receives second information, the second information including the slope corresponding to the propagation delay of the feeder link within a preset time period and the propagation delay of the feeder link at a second moment, the preset time period including the first moment and the second moment;

[0188] The processor 1002 is specifically used for:

[0189] The propagation delay of the power supply link corresponding to the first moment is determined using the second information.

[0190] In one embodiment, the communication interface 1001 is specifically used to receive the second information via PDSCH.

[0191] In one embodiment, the processor 1002 is specifically used for:

[0192] Based on the synchronization signal, the downlink propagation delay of the power supply link is determined;

[0193] The propagation delay of the feeder link at the first moment is determined by utilizing the downlink propagation delay of the feeder link.

[0194] In one embodiment, the processor 1002 is further configured to:

[0195] Based on the TA, uplink beam switching is performed.

[0196] It should be noted that the specific processing procedures of the processor 1002 and the communication interface 1001 can be understood by referring to the above method.

[0197] Of course, in practical applications, the various components in electronic device 1000 are coupled together through bus system 1004. It can be understood that bus system 1004 is used to realize the connection and communication between these components. In addition to a data bus, bus system 1004 also includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus. However, for the sake of clarity, in... Figure 10 The general labeled all buses as Bus System 1004.

[0198] The memory 1003 in this embodiment is used to store various types of data to support the operation of the electronic device 1000. Examples of such data include any computer program used to operate on the electronic device 1000.

[0199] The methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be applied to the processor 1002, or implemented by the processor 1002. The processor 1002 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuit of the hardware in the processor 1002 or by instructions in the form of software. The processor 1002 may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The processor 1002 can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly manifested as being executed by a hardware decoding processor, or being executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules may be located in a storage medium, which is located in the memory 1003. The processor 1002 reads the information in the memory 1003 and completes the steps of the aforementioned method in combination with its hardware.

[0200] In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic device 1000 may be implemented by one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), DSPs, programmable logic devices (PLDs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), general-purpose processors, controllers, microcontrollers (MCUs), microprocessors, or other electronic components to perform the aforementioned method.

[0201] It is understood that the memory (memory 1003) in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or both. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), ferromagnetic random access memory (FRAM), flash memory, magnetic surface memory, optical disc, or compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM); the magnetic surface memory can be disk storage or magnetic tape storage. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Synchronous Static Random Access Memory (SSRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (ESDRAM), SyncLink Dynamic Random Access Memory (SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus Random Access Memory (DRRAM).The memories described in the embodiments of this application are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.

[0202] In an exemplary embodiment, this application also provides a storage medium, namely a computer storage medium, specifically a computer-readable storage medium, such as a memory 1003 storing a computer program, which can be executed by the processor 1002 of the electronic device 1000 to complete the steps described in the aforementioned method. The computer-readable storage medium may be a memory such as FRAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash Memory, magnetic surface memory, optical disc, or CD-ROM.

[0203] In an exemplary embodiment, this application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that can be executed by the processor 1002 of the electronic device 1000 to complete the steps described in the aforementioned method.

[0204] It should be noted that terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0205] Furthermore, the technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application can be combined arbitrarily without conflict.

[0206] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A timing advance (TA) determination method, characterized in that, Applied to a first device, the first device is deployed in a satellite in a non-terrestrial network (NTN), and the satellite works in a transparent forwarding mode, comprising: receiving a synchronization signal sent by a network device of the NTN, the synchronization signal being used for downlink timing synchronization; determining a first time based on the synchronization signal, the first time being associated with beam switching of downlink transmission; determining the feeder link propagation delay corresponding to the first time, and determining the TA corresponding to the first time by using the feeder link propagation delay, the TA being associated with beam switching of uplink transmission.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The determination of the feeder link propagation delay comprises: receiving first information sent by a network device of the NTN, the first information comprising a common TA parameter, a common TA drift rate parameter, a change rate parameter of the common TA drift rate, and start time information of transmitting the first information; determining the feeder link propagation delay corresponding to the first time by using the first information.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The first information is received through a system information block (SIB).

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The determination of the feeder link propagation delay comprises: receiving second information sent by a network device of the NTN, the second information comprising a slope corresponding to the feeder link propagation delay in a preset time period and a feeder link propagation delay at a second time, the preset time period containing the first time and the second time; determining the feeder link propagation delay corresponding to the first time by using the second information.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The second information is received through a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The time-frequency resource corresponding to the PDSCH is pre-set, or is indicated by downlink control information (DCI).

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, The determination of the feeder link propagation delay comprises: determining a feeder link downlink propagation delay based on the synchronization signal; determining the feeder link propagation delay corresponding to the first time by using the feeder link downlink propagation delay.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The method further comprises: performing beam switching of uplink transmission based on the TA.

9. A timing advance TA determination device, characterized in that, The first device is deployed in a satellite in an NTN, and the satellite works in a transparent forwarding mode, comprising: a receiving unit configured to receive a synchronization signal sent by a network device of the NTN, the synchronization signal being used for downlink timing synchronization; a determining unit configured to determine a first time based on the synchronization signal, the first time being associated with beam switching of downlink transmission; and determine a feeder link propagation delay corresponding to the first time, and determine a TA corresponding to the first time by using the feeder link propagation delay, the TA being associated with beam switching of uplink transmission.

10. An electronic device, comprising: The electronic device is deployed in a satellite in an NTN, and the satellite works in a transparent forwarding mode, comprising: a communication interface configured to receive a synchronization signal sent by a network device of the NTN, the synchronization signal being used for downlink timing synchronization; The processor is configured to determine, based on the synchronization signal, a first time point associated with beam switching of downlink transmission, and determine a feeder link propagation delay corresponding to the first time point, and determine a TA corresponding to the first time point by using the feeder link propagation delay, the TA being associated with beam switching of uplink transmission.

11. An electronic device, comprising: The computer program product comprises a computer readable medium, and the computer program is stored in the computer readable medium. The computer program product comprises a computer readable medium, and the computer program is stored in the computer readable medium. The computer program product comprises a computer readable medium, and the computer program is stored in the computer readable medium.

12. A storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that The computer program product comprises a computer readable medium, and the computer program is stored in the computer readable medium.

13. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that, ​

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