System and method for illuminating plurality of plants

Abstract

Systems and methods for illuminating a plurality of plants based on a chlorophyll A / B ratio in at least one of the plants are disclosed. The system includes an illumination system for illuminating a plurality of plants and a data processing system. The illumination system includes one or more controllable radiation sources, and / or one or more controllable radiation filters and / or radiation concentrators. The data processing system is configured to receive or determine a ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B in at least one of the plurality of plants. The data processing system is further configured such that the illumination system illuminates the plurality of plants according to a first radiation scheme before the switching time and according to a second radiation scheme different from the first radiation scheme after the switching time. At least the switching time is dependent on the ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a system and method for irradiating multiple plants, and more particularly to a system in which multiple plants are irradiated according to the chlorophyll A / B ratio and / or total carotenoid concentration in the multiple plants. This disclosure also relates to a computer-implemented method for configuring the irradiation system to irradiate multiple plants, and to a computer program and computer-readable storage medium for performing such a method. Background Technology

[0002] Indoor food production in vertical farms (VF) is only economically feasible if plant growth can be completed efficiently throughout the year. Key value drivers are crop quality, such as post-harvest shelf life, and light use efficiency (LUE, typically expressed as grams of crop harvested per mole of photons), which correlates biomass production with the integral amount of light used for that production and crop quality. Here, the term "light" also encompasses the invisible portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as the (near)infrared and (near)ultraviolet regions.

[0003] However, crop quality and light use efficiency often require different irradiation schemes. For example, it is known that adding far-red (FR) radiation to the standard deep red-blue (DRB) spectrum to induce leaf extension is beneficial for the growth of, for example, lettuce. This increased leaf area allows for the interception of more light, leading to faster biomass production (and thus increased light use efficiency). However, this addition of far-red to the spectrum can result in a reduction in crop quality aspects, such as plant morphology, pigment concentration, and shelf life. Similar to far-red, higher blue doses have the opposite effect on morphology. Higher blue doses significantly reduce final fresh weight, result in more compact plants, and can reduce the number of leaves per plant or canopy area.

[0004] Currently, in vertical farming, radiation schemes are specifically optimized for each crop and, in most cases, remain constant throughout the growing season. This is particularly true for food production. However, there is ample evidence that plants can benefit from different radiation treatments depending on their growth stage. Specifically, in the final days before harvest, plants can benefit from so-called pre-harvest treatments (e.g., adding extra blue to the spectrum) to improve quality, such as producing color, increasing vitamin C content, or reducing nitrate content. Generally, using plant stage-dependent radiation schemes not only improves plant quality but also light use efficiency. Light use efficiency can be further improved using adjustable and color-controlled lamps (which have recently become available). In this way, a balance can be struck between plant yield and plant quality.

[0005] Radiation protocols (constant and plant stage-dependent protocols) are currently typically based on destructive analyses performed at the end of the plant's growth cycle. These analyses are used to determine various parameters, such as fresh weight (g / plant), yield (g / m³), etc. 2 The parameters were measured in terms of light use efficiency (g / mol) and post-harvest quality assessments, such as dry matter percentage and shelf life. These parameters were then used retrospectively to determine the ideal dynamic light scheme for different growth stages of each crop.

[0006] In view of the above, there is a need in the art for systems and methods for irradiating multiple plants that increase light utilization efficiency and / or crop quality.

[0007] CN 111684946 A discloses a plant cultivation system comprising multiple lighting modules, each providing a different spectrum. Each of the multiple lighting modules is configured to provide a specific spectrum and spectral intensity that matches the absorption of a specific combination and amount (including ratio) of photosynthetic pigments in a plant. This document discloses that the combination and amount (including ratio) of different photosynthetic pigments in a plant varies between different plants and between different growth stages of the same plant. Based on this, the plant cultivation system pairs specific spectra and spectral intensities and specific lighting modules with specific plant types and growth stages, and selects the lighting module for irradiating the plant based on the specific plant type and growth stage. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To this end, a system for irradiating a plurality of plants based on the chlorophyll A / B ratio in at least one of the plants is disclosed. The system includes an irradiation system configured to irradiate the plurality of plants and a data processing system communicatively connected to the irradiation system. The irradiation system includes one or more controllable radiation sources and / or one or more controllable radiation filters and / or radiation concentrators. A controller is configured to control the operation of the one or more controllable radiation sources and / or one or more controllable radiation filters and / or radiation concentrators. The data processing system is configured to receive or determine the ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B in at least one of the plurality of plants. The data processing system is further configured such that the irradiation system irradiates the plurality of plants according to a first radiation scheme before a switching time and according to a second radiation scheme different from the first radiation scheme after the switching time. The switching time depends on the ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B. The time period during which the plurality of plants are irradiated according to the first radiation scheme before the switching time may also be referred to as a first time period. The time period during which the plurality of plants are irradiated according to the second radiation scheme after the switching time may also be referred to as a second time period.

[0009] Using this system, the chlorophyll A / B ratio in plants, i.e., the ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B, can be manipulated. The inventors noted a positive correlation between the shelf life of plant products and the chlorophyll A / B ratio. They also discovered that the chlorophyll A / B ratio can be affected by the radiation scheme used. Therefore, by monitoring the chlorophyll A / B ratio and adjusting the radiation scheme accordingly, the shelf life can be adjusted (or typically increased).

[0010] However, radiation schemes that increase the chlorophyll A / B ratio typically have lower light utilization efficiency (LUE) than radiation schemes that decrease the chlorophyll A / B ratio. Therefore, the system can be configured to achieve a balance between light utilization efficiency and shelf life. For example, the system can be configured to maximize light utilization efficiency while maintaining at least a predetermined chlorophyll A / B ratio (and thus ensuring a minimum shelf life), or the system can be configured to maximize the chlorophyll A / B ratio (and thus shelf life) without exceeding a predetermined light utilization efficiency.

[0011] The term "plant" can refer to plants that grow for their leaves, such as hemp, tobacco, leafy vegetables, or herbs. Examples of leafy vegetables include lettuce, arugula, spinach, endive, and cabbage. Examples of herbs include basil, parsley, and coriander leaves.

[0012] On one hand, this disclosure relates to a horticultural arrangement including such a system. The term "horticultural arrangement" specifically refers to an arrangement comprising: plant supports on or in which plants may grow; an illumination system configured to direct (horticultural) radiation to the plant supports on or in which plants may grow; and a control system that controls the (horticultural) radiation. The control system may include or be communicatively connected to a data processing system.

[0013] In use, this gardening arrangement may include plant supports with plants, or plant supports with seeds, or plant supports with seedlings, etc. Here, the term "plant" is used for essentially all stages of plant development.

[0014] Radiation used for plant growth typically includes a mixture of red and blue radiation. Red radiation can be understood as radiation with wavelengths between 600 nm and 750 nm, while blue radiation can be understood as radiation with wavelengths between 400 nm and 500 nm. Specifically, the term "horticultural radiation" specifically refers to radiation with one or more wavelengths in a first wavelength range of 625–675 nm and a second wavelength range of 400–475 nm. The relative energy (watts) provided within these ranges can depend on the plant type and / or growth stage. Thus, a scheme can define a ratio for one or more types of plants, optionally as a function of time. In particular, the term "horticultural radiation" can refer to the PAR range (photosynthetically active radiation in the wavelength range of 400–700 nm). The term "horticultural radiation" can also be used for radiation applied to plants in hydroponic applications. As is known in the art, the reflectance of leaves is very low (5%–10%) in the PAR wavelength range. Towards the near-infrared, above 700 nm, the reflectance increases. Therefore, in specific embodiments, horticultural radiation, in addition to PAR radiation, may also include a small portion of the far-red (i.e., 700–850 nm) radiation (e.g., ≤25% of the power, especially about 10% of the maximum power).

[0015] When pre-harvest radiation is provided, it is typically used to stress plants so that they respond by producing compounds of interest, such as nutrient contents, pigments, taste compounds, etc. Such pre-harvest radiation typically comprises mostly blue radiation (e.g., about 450 nm), and / or UV-A radiation (e.g., 385–405 nm) and / or more than 50 µmol m − 2 s -1 The level of radiation. In some cases, UV-B radiation can also be beneficially applied. Generally, plants may be sensitive to the absolute intensity of certain wavelengths and the relative intensity between different wavelengths.

[0016] The term "horticultural arrangement" can also refer to a plant farm or climate chamber where plants are grown under controlled conditions and where the plants receive virtually no natural radiation (sunlight). Furthermore, such plant farms can be climatized, as in the case of a climate chamber. Therefore, in embodiments, a horticultural arrangement includes such a plant farm or climate chamber. In other embodiments, a plant farm or climate chamber includes at least a portion of a horticultural arrangement. For example, a climate chamber may include the plant support and the illumination system, and the control system may be configured inside or outside the climate chamber. In particular, a plant farm may include a climate chamber.

[0017] The control system for this horticultural arrangement can control one or more of the following: temperature, humidity, CO2 level, irrigation, nutrient supply, intensity of horticultural radiation, and air conditions including air temperature, air composition, and airflow. This horticultural system can be configured to control one or more of these conditions at different locations within the arrangement. Therefore, in embodiments, horticultural radiation can be used in response to one or more of, for example, time of day, season of year, (local) irradiation conditions, plant age, plant conditions, and planting period. Thus, in embodiments, horticultural radiation can be used in response to plant-related data, time-related parameters, and conditions experienced by the plant (such as natural radiation, temperature, relative humidity, CO2 level, irrigation, nutrient supply, etc.).

[0018] This horticultural irradiation system is specifically configured to provide horticultural radiation to plants. This specifically refers to the horticultural irradiation system being configured to provide horticultural radiation toward a plant support on which or in which plants can grow. Such a plant support can be a tray. In particular, the term "plant support" can also refer to multiple plant supports, as plants can grow in various layers on top of each other ("multi-layer system"). Thus, each support in the scaffold has two or more plant supports, with the irradiation system arranged in an arch above each plant support. Therefore, the term "irradiation system" can also refer to multiple (individually controlled) irradiation systems.

[0019] Furthermore, the control system is configured to control one or more of the radiant intensity, spectral distribution, and spectral power distribution of the horticultural radiation. The term "control" and similar terms particularly refer at least to determining the behavior of an element or monitoring the operation of an element. Therefore, here, "control" and similar terms can, for example, refer to applying, regulating, or guiding the behavior or operation of an element, and can include, for example, measuring, displaying, actuating, turning on, shifting, changing temperature, etc. Therefore, the term "control" and similar terms can also include monitoring. Thus, in the context of horticultural radiation, "control" can refer to regulating or guiding the operation of a horticultural irradiation system to achieve one or more of the radiant intensity, spectral distribution, and spectral power distribution of the horticultural radiation.

[0020] The phrase "one or more of the radiant intensity, spectral distribution, and spectral power distribution of horticultural radiation" can refer to the total intensity, i.e., the power of the horticultural radiation (especially in visible light) provided by the irradiation system. However, in specific embodiments, the control system can also be configured to control the spectral distribution, for example, reducing or increasing portions of the spectral wavelength range relative to other portions, in which case the intensity in each spectral wavelength range, as reflected in the term "spectral power distribution," can be controlled. In embodiments, the control system can be configured to control one or more of the horticultural radiation's intensity, spectral distribution, and spectral power distribution, for example, based on signals from the one or more optical sensors.

[0021] As noted above, the control system is configured to control one or more of the radiative intensity, spectral distribution, and spectral power distribution of horticultural radiation based on the chlorophyll A / B ratio in at least one plant in the horticultural arrangement.

[0022] Controllable radiation sources may include, for example, LED radiation sources, HID radiation sources, laser radiation sources, or other suitable radiation sources. One or more controllable radiation sources may include devices for controlling the interaction of radiation with the plant, for example, by filtering and / or concentrating the generated radiation, and / or by varying the interaction time with the plant. For example, different radiation wavelengths can induce different physiological processes in the plant. As another example, different radiation intensities can induce physiological processes with different kinetics in the plant. As a further example, different timing of radiation or different exposure times of the plant to radiation can affect growth and / or crop quality parameters. Radiation filters may be configured to selectively, partially, or completely block radiation within one or more predetermined wavelength ranges. These radiation concentrators may be configured, for example, to concentrate radiation onto the plant using lenses or mirrors. Filters and concentrators may also be combined, for example, by wavelength conversion, thereby increasing the intensity (concentration) of radiation at a second wavelength while decreasing the intensity (filtering) of radiation at a first wavelength.

[0023] One or more radiation filters may have, for example, controllable radiation filtering characteristics and / or controllable location. Similarly, one or more radiation concentrators may have, for example, controllable radiation concentrating characteristics and / or controllable location. Controllable location allows filters and / or concentrators to be selectively inserted and removed between the radiation source and the plant.

[0024] In an embodiment, the data processing system is further configured to receive or determine an absolute threshold or a relative threshold. The data processing system may also be configured to switch the irradiation system between a first radiation scheme and a second radiation scheme in response to the data processing system determining that the ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B is below a threshold.

[0025] In a typical embodiment, the first radiation scheme ensures rapid growth of multiple plants at the cost of a reduced chlorophyll A / B ratio. The second radiation scheme typically increases the chlorophyll A / B ratio.

[0026] Therefore, in this embodiment, the first radiation scheme has a higher light utilization efficiency (LUE) than the second radiation scheme. Additionally or alternatively, the second radiation scheme may have a higher crop quality enhancement characteristic, particularly a higher shelf life enhancement characteristic, than the first radiation scheme. This achieves a good balance between light utilization efficiency and crop quality.

[0027] In embodiments, the first radiation scheme includes a higher dose or amount of red and / or far-red radiation than the second radiation scheme. Additionally or alternatively, the first radiation scheme may include a lower dose or amount of blue and / or ultraviolet radiation than the second radiation scheme. For example, the first radiation scheme may have a higher intensity of red and / or far-red radiation, and / or a longer duration of red and / or far-red radiation, and / or a higher amount of red and / or far-red radiation (compared to, for example, blue and / or ultraviolet radiation) than the second radiation scheme. Similarly, the first radiation scheme may have a lower intensity of blue and / or ultraviolet radiation, and / or a shorter duration of blue and / or ultraviolet radiation, and / or a lower amount of blue and / or ultraviolet radiation (compared to, for example, red and / or far-red radiation) than the second radiation scheme.

[0028] Conversely, the second radiation scheme may have a higher intensity of blue and / or ultraviolet radiation, and / or a longer duration of blue and / or ultraviolet radiation, and / or a higher proportion of blue and / or ultraviolet radiation (compared to, for example, red and / or far-red radiation) than the first radiation scheme. Similarly, the second radiation scheme may have a lower intensity of red and / or far-red radiation, and / or a shorter duration of red and / or far-red radiation, and / or a lower proportion of red and / or far-red radiation (compared to, for example, blue and / or ultraviolet radiation) than the first radiation scheme.

[0029] Generally, irradiation schemes with high (far) red radiation doses have higher light utilization efficiency but result in lower crop quality characteristics, while irradiation schemes with high blue radiation doses have lower light utilization efficiency but result in higher crop quality characteristics.

[0030] In the embodiments, the far-red radiation intensity, dose, and / or amount in the first radiation scheme are determined based on the ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B.

[0031] In the embodiments, the intensity, dose, and / or amount of blue and / or ultraviolet radiation in the second radiation scheme are determined based on the ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B.

[0032] In an embodiment, the far-infrared radiation intensity, dose, and / or amount in the first radiation scheme are at least twice as high as the far-infrared radiation intensity, dose, and / or amount in the second radiation scheme.

[0033] In an embodiment, the intensity, dose, and / or amount of blue and / or ultraviolet radiation in the second radiation scheme are at least twice as high as the intensity, dose, and / or amount of blue and / or ultraviolet radiation in the first radiation scheme.

[0034] In this embodiment, the threshold is an absolute threshold, preferably having a value between 2.5 and 3.5, and more preferably between 2.6 and 3.0. It has been found that absolute thresholds within this range of the chlorophyll A / B ratio result in a favorable balance between light utilization efficiency and shelf life. This threshold may be specific to the growing plant or variety.

[0035] The advantage of using an absolute threshold is that it is relatively easy to determine and does not require determining the initial chlorophyll A / B ratio targeted by the assessment of the chlorophyll A / B ratio reduction.

[0036] In this embodiment, the threshold is a relative threshold, preferably defined as the fraction of the initial ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B, preferably between 0.7 and 0.97, more preferably between 0.8 and 0.95. It has been found that this relative threshold for the chlorophyll A / B ratio results in a favorable balance between light utilization efficiency and shelf life.

[0037] The advantage of using relative thresholds is that it is easier to generalize between different species or varieties of plants or different growing environments.

[0038] In one embodiment, the data processing system is configured to receive or determine the concentration of carotenoids in at least one of a plurality of plants. In such an embodiment, at least one of the first radiation scheme, the second radiation scheme, or the switching time may depend on the concentration of carotenoids.

[0039] Just like the chlorophyll A / B ratio, the total amount of carotenoids per unit mass (or concentration) in a plant appears to have a similar relationship with shelf life. Therefore, in addition to or as a substitute for the chlorophyll A / B ratio, the total amount of carotenoids can be determined and used in a similar manner.

[0040] In one embodiment, the ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B is determined from one or more samples obtained from the at least one plant. This allows for accurate measurement of chlorophyll A and B concentrations and is highly versatile in selecting plant parts to be sampled.

[0041] Specifically, determining the ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B may include extracting a sample in a defined amount of solvent and measuring the absorbance of that solvent at multiple predetermined wavelengths using a UV / VIS spectrophotometer. A UV / VIS spectrophotometer is a spectrophotometer that can be used to perform spectral measurements in at least a portion of the ultraviolet (UV) and / or visible (VIS) spectrum. The predetermined wavelengths may correspond to the absorption peaks of chlorophyll A and B, and / or to wavelengths with significant relative differences in absorption by chlorophyll A and B.

[0042] In this embodiment, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is used to determine the ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B. This allows for non-destructive measurement of chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B concentrations. Furthermore, substantially continuous monitoring of chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B concentrations is possible when using a camera system or a near-infrared spectroscopy sensor. The camera system or near-infrared spectroscopy sensor may be included in the aforementioned data processing system.

[0043] In one embodiment, for a specific time period, each of the first and second radiation schemes defines one or more radiation characteristics to be provided to multiple plants.

[0044] The one or more radiation characteristics may include at least one of the following: - Such as the photon flux of radiation generated by the irradiation system. - Such as the photon flux density of radiation received by these multiple plants, - The spectral power distribution of the radiation produced by the irradiation system, and - Timing of radiation.

[0045] The timing of radiation can refer to the photoperiod (expressed as, for example, the number of hours in a day) and / or the time arrangement of radiation (i.e., which hours of the day).

[0046] In such an embodiment, the data processing system may be configured to cause the irradiation system to generate radiation such that the radiation has photon flux and / or photon flux density and / or spectral power distribution and / or timing of radiation as defined by a first irradiation scheme and / or a second irradiation scheme (sometimes referred to herein as a pre-harvest irradiation scheme).

[0047] The timing of radiation can include the temporal variation of photon flux (density) and / or spectral power distribution and / or the duration of radiation. Photon flux can be expressed, for example, in µmol / (m²). 2 s) as the unit, or defined in any other useful quantity.

[0048] The data processing system may include a communication interface for receiving a ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B in at least one of the plurality of plants, or for receiving data related to chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B in at least one of the plurality of plants. The communication interface may also be configured to receive one or more of the aforementioned thresholds. The data processing may further include one or more processors for (if applicable) determining a ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B based on the received data related to chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B in at least one of the plurality of plants, comparing the chlorophyll A / B ratio to one or more thresholds, determining or selecting a radiation scheme based on the comparison, and generating control signals for the irradiation system to execute the radiation scheme. The communication interface may be configured to send control signals to the irradiation system, thereby causing the irradiation system to irradiate the plurality of plants according to a first radiation scheme or a second radiation scheme. As an alternative to the communication interface for receiving and sending data, the data processing system may also include input / output means for performing these functions. The data processing system may further include a memory for storing radiation schemes and one or more thresholds to be used by the one or more processors.

[0049] The irradiation system may include one or more radiation sources and a controller for controlling the operation of the one or more radiation sources. Controlling the operation of the one or more radiation sources may include controlling the intensity, spectrum, and / or spectral power distribution of the radiation emitted by the one or more radiation sources. In one embodiment, each of the one or more radiation sources may be individually controlled in terms of the intensity, spectrum, and / or spectral power distribution of the emitted radiation. The controller may include a communication interface or input / output device for communicating with a data processing system and may receive control signals. The controller may also control a controllable radiation filter and / or a radiation concentrator to control the radiation emitted to and / or the irradiation received by the multiple plants.

[0050] Therefore, the processor and communication features of the data processing system and irradiation system described above can be used to implement statements such as "the data processing system is configured to cause the irradiation system to irradiate multiple plants according to the radiation scheme".

[0051] On one hand, this disclosure relates to a method for irradiating multiple plants. The method may include: receiving or determining a ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B in at least one of the multiple plants; and causing the irradiation system to irradiate the multiple plants according to a first radiation scheme before a switching moment and a second radiation scheme different from the first radiation scheme after the switching moment, wherein the switching moment depends on the ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B. The method can be performed using the data processing system and irradiation system described above.

[0052] Therefore, this method can be used to control the system described above. This method can be executed at least in part, for example, by the data processing system of the system described above.

[0053] One aspect of this disclosure relates to a computer comprising: a computer-readable storage medium containing computer-readable program code; and a processor, preferably a microprocessor, coupled to the computer-readable storage medium, wherein, in response to executing the computer-readable program code, the processor is configured to perform at least partially any of the methods disclosed herein.

[0054] One aspect of this disclosure relates to a computer program or suite of computer programs comprising at least one software code portion, or to a computer program product storing at least one software code portion that, when run on a computer system, is configured to at least partially perform any of the methods disclosed herein.

[0055] One aspect of this disclosure relates to a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing at least one portion of software code that, when executed or processed by a computer, is configured to at least partially perform any of the methods disclosed herein.

[0056] This invention is defined by the appended independent claims. Preferred embodiments are further defined in the appended dependent claims.

[0057] As those skilled in the art will recognize, aspects of the invention can be embodied as systems, methods, or computer program products. Therefore, aspects of the invention can take the form of entirely hardware implementations, entirely software implementations (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or implementations combining hardware and software aspects, which can be collectively referred to herein as “circuit,” “module,” or “system.” The functionality described in this disclosure can be implemented as algorithms executed by a computer’s processor / microprocessor. Furthermore, aspects of the invention can also take the form of computer program products contained in one or more computer-readable media, on which computer-readable program code is contained (e.g., stored).

[0058] Any combination of one or more computer-readable media can be used. A computer-readable medium can be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium. A computer-readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatuses, or devices, or any suitable combination thereof. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to, electrical connectors having one or more wires, portable computer floppy disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable read-only optical disk (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. In the context of this invention, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium capable of containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0059] Computer-readable signal media may include, for example, data signals propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, which contain computer-readable program code. Such propagated signals may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electromagnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer-readable signal medium may be any computer-readable medium that is not a computer-readable storage medium and may transmit, propagate, or deliver a program used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0060] The program code contained on the computer-readable medium can be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wired, fiber optic, cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination thereof. The computer program code for performing operations of various aspects of the invention can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as JavaI, Smalltalk, C++, etc., and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In the latter case, the remote computer is connected to the user's computer via any type of network (including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)) or can be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0061] Various aspects of the present invention will now be described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of the methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products claimed in embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, particularly a microprocessor or central processing unit (CPU), to produce a machine such that, when executed by a computer processor, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other means, they create means for implementing the function / action specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams.

[0062] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable medium that directs a computer, other programmable data processing device, or other apparatus to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable medium produce an article of writing comprising instructions that implement the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks of a flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0063] Computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device to produce a computer-implemented process, such that the instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide a process for implementing the function / action specified in one or more blocks of a flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0064] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of the systems, methods, and computer program products claimed in various embodiments of the invention. Each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, including one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative embodiments, the functions indicated in the blocks may not occur in the order shown in the figures. For example, depending on the functions involved, two consecutively shown blocks may actually be executed substantially simultaneously, or these blocks may sometimes be executed in reverse order. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0065] In addition, a computer program for performing the methods described herein and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for storing the computer program are provided. The computer program may be downloaded (updated) to an existing system (e.g., downloaded to an existing control system) or stored during the manufacture of such systems.

[0066] Unless otherwise expressly stated, elements and aspects discussed in connection with a particular embodiment or in relation to a particular embodiment may be suitably combined with elements and aspects of other embodiments. Embodiments of the invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will schematically illustrate embodiments as claimed by the invention. It will be understood that the invention is not limited in any way to these specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0067] Several aspects of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 A system for irradiating multiple plants based on a chlorophyll A / B ratio, according to an embodiment, is schematically shown. Figure 2A and 2B It is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for irradiating multiple plants; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating another embodiment of a method for irradiating multiple plants; Figure 4 This is a graph showing the effect of the spectrum on the shelf life of wild arugula; Figure 5 These are graphs showing the absorption spectra of chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, and total carotenoids in leaves, respectively. Figure 6 This is a graph showing the relationship between the relative amount of far-red and the chlorophyll A / B ratio in the radiation scheme; Figure 7 This is a graph showing the effect of pre-harvest treatment on the total concentration of carotenoids in arugula; and Figure 8 A data processing system according to one embodiment is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0068] In the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same or similar elements.

[0069] Figure 1 A system for irradiating a plurality of plants according to a first embodiment is schematically illustrated, based on the chlorophyll A / B ratio in at least one of the plants. System 1 includes an irradiation system 3 configured to irradiate a plurality of plants 11. The irradiation system includes a plurality of controllable radiation sources 5. The controllable radiation sources may include, for example, a plurality of individually controllable or grouped controllable LEDs. In this example, the radiation sources 5 are controlled by a controller 7. The radiation sources may be configured to provide horticultural radiation, such as radiation used for crop growth. The controller may control one or more of the following: the radiant intensity, spectral distribution, and spectral power distribution of the horticultural radiation.

[0070] The system also includes a data processing system 100 communicatively connected to the irradiation system 3. In particular, the data processing system may include a processor 102 configured to generate control signals for the irradiation system 3, and the data processing system 100 may be configured via a communication interface 116 to transmit the control signals to a controller 7 of the irradiation system 3, which may be configured to receive the control signals and control the radiation source 5 accordingly.

[0071] Control signals can be of different types. In one embodiment, a control signal may represent a radiation scheme executed by the irradiation system 3. In another embodiment, a control signal may represent a drive signal used to control the radiation output from one or more radiation sources 5 of the irradiation system 3. Other types of control signals may be selected depending on the function of the controller 7 of the irradiation system 3 and how the controller 7 interfaces with the data processing system 100.

[0072] Data processing system 100 is configured to receive parameters representing the chlorophyll A / B ratio in at least one of a plurality of plants 11, or to determine such parameters using communication interface 116 or input device 112, or using processor 102. In the illustrated embodiment, data processing system 100 receives parameters representing the chlorophyll A / B ratio from analyzer 9. In some embodiments, analyzer 9 may be part of data processing system 100. The parameter may be based on a measurement of a single sample, or may be a statistical representation of multiple samples, such as the mean, median, minimum, or maximum. Alternatively, data processing system 100 may be configured to receive one or more parameters representing chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B (e.g., derived from a measuring device or manually obtained from a user or plant expert) using communication interface 116 or input device 112, and to determine the parameters representing the chlorophyll A / B ratio using processor 102. As an alternative, the data processing system 100 may be configured to receive one or more parameters from an operator or user of the system 1 using the communication interface 116 or the input device 112, the one or more parameters representing chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, or chlorophyll A / B ratio in one or more plants or based on chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, or chlorophyll A / B ratio in one or more plants.

[0073] The data processing system 100 is further configured to generate one or more control signals based on the received or determined chlorophyll A / B ratio via processor 102 and send one or more control signals to the irradiation system 3 via communication interface 116, causing the irradiation system 3 to irradiate multiple plants according to the chlorophyll A / B ratio. For example, the data processing system 100 may generate and transmit one or more control signals to switch the irradiation system 3 from a first irradiation scheme to a second irradiation scheme different from the first irradiation scheme. In a typical example, the first irradiation scheme is optimized for light utilization efficiency and includes a relatively large amount of red and / or far-red radiation, while the second irradiation scheme is optimized to increase the chlorophyll A / B ratio and includes a relatively large amount of blue radiation. At least one of the first irradiation scheme, the second irradiation scheme, or the switching time depends on the ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B.

[0074] The data processing system 100 can also be configured to receive an absolute or relative threshold using the communication interface 116 or the input device 112, or to determine the absolute or relative threshold using the processor 102. In this case, switching between the first and second radiation schemes can be activated in response to the processor 102 of the data processing system 100 determining that the chlorophyll A / B ratio has exceeded the threshold (e.g., by determining that the chlorophyll A / B ratio is below the threshold).

[0075] Therefore, System 1 can be configured to balance the light utilization efficiency and shelf life of multiple plants (or parts thereof). This can be accomplished, for example, by first applying a radiation scheme with a high (far) red content, resulting in high light utilization efficiency and rapid growth, while temporarily reducing shelf life. Subsequently, for example, before harvest, a radiation scheme with a low red content and a high blue content can be applied, thereby increasing shelf life. The amount of blue radiation in the second radiation scheme can be determined based on the chlorophyll A / B ratio, and / or the timing of switching can be based on the chlorophyll A / B ratio.

[0076] The following reference Figure 8 Examples of data processing systems will be discussed in more detail.

[0077] The irradiation system 3 may include at least one radiation source 5. In a typical embodiment, the irradiation system includes a plurality of radiation sources 5 for generating controlled intensity and / or spectral distribution and / or spectral power distribution of artificial radiation, which are typically controllable radiation sources, such as LEDs. Additionally or alternatively, the irradiation system 3 may include one or more controllable radiation filters and / or radiation concentrators to further control the intensity and / or spectral distribution and / or spectral power distribution of the generated artificial radiation. Such filters and / or concentrators can, for example, be used to control irradiation aspects that cannot be adequately controlled by the radiation sources themselves.

[0078] The irradiation system 3 may further include a controller 7. The controller 7 may include a processor and a memory communicatively coupled to the processor. The irradiation system 3 may include a communication interface to enable communication with the data processing system 100.

[0079] The irradiation system 3 can be configured to apply at least a first irradiation scheme and a second irradiation scheme to a plurality of plants 11 via a controller 7 and at least one radiation source 5. The second irradiation scheme can be applied (immediately) before harvesting the plants 11.

[0080] Controllable radiation sources can be, for example, LED radiation sources, HID radiation sources, or other suitable radiation sources. One or more controllable radiation sources may include natural radiation sources (e.g., sunlight) with control devices, such as screens in a greenhouse, to control the intensity and / or spectrum of radiation from the natural radiation source interacting with the plant, for example, by filtering and / or concentrating the natural radiation. In some embodiments, the plant grows in or on a tray movable relative to the radiation source; in such systems, the interaction time and / or duration between the plant and the radiation source can be controlled (additionally or alternatively) by changing the speed at which the plant moves. Radiation filters can be configured to selectively block radiation of one or more predetermined wavelength ranges, partially or completely. These radiation concentrators can be configured to concentrate radiation onto the plant, for example, using lenses or mirrors. Filters and concentrators can also be combined, for example, by wavelength conversion, thereby increasing the intensity (concentration) of radiation at a second wavelength while decreasing the intensity (filtering) of radiation at a first wavelength.

[0081] Using this system 1, pigment concentrations (e.g., carotenoid concentrations) and pigment ratios (e.g., chlorophyll A / B ratios) can be monitored, allowing for appropriate adjustments to the radiation settings. This enables improvements in light use efficiency (LUE) and post-harvest crop quality, such as shelf life.

[0082] Specifically, this system can be used to monitor a decrease in the chlorophyll A / B ratio in a deep red-rich spectrum and an increase in the chlorophyll A / B ratio in a high blue-rich spectrum. Irradiation schemes can be adapted based on defined thresholds for such pigment concentrations and / or ratios, thereby ensuring good post-harvest quality.

[0083] This idea is based on the knowledge that far-red radiation can increase growth rate, but typically also reduces crop quality, while a high blue spectrum is known to keep plants more compact (i.e., reduce growth rate), but enhances the concentration of antioxidant and photosynthetic pigments in the leaves. The increased concentration of antioxidants potentially leads to improved shelf life.

[0084] Typically, two growth stages can be distinguished. In the first growth stage of leafy vegetables, applying a first radiation program can accelerate growth, but will reduce leaf pigmentation. The first radiation program usually includes a relatively large, or at least non-zero, amount of far-red radiation. Depending on the crop variety, radiation intensity, and plant growth stage, the percentage of far-red radiation can be tailored to minimize this reduction in pigmentation while maintaining good or at least acceptable light utilization efficiency.

[0085] In the second (e.g., pre-harvest) stage, when a second radiation protocol is applied, pigment analysis can be used to monitor increases in photosynthetic pigments (e.g., chlorophyll A and B) and antioxidant compounds (e.g., carotenoids). The second radiation protocol typically involves a relatively large or at least non-zero amount of blue radiation. Depending on the circumstances, this pre-harvest treatment can be optimized from the perspective of light use efficiency and / or crop quality.

[0086] It should be noted that in some cases, more than two different radiation schemes may be used based on the plant's developmental stage.

[0087] Therefore, leaf pigment analysis (especially the chlorophyll A / B ratio and / or total carotenoid concentration) is used as a tool to monitor crop quality during growth, thereby allowing the adjustment of the radiation spectrum to optimize crop quality while minimizing the loss of light use efficiency.

[0088] It should be noted that in current practice, leaf clip devices such as the Dualex leaf clip optical sensor (Metos, Pessl Instruments) or the MPM-100 multi-pigment analyzer (ADC Bioscientific) are commonly used for pigment analysis. However, these devices can only determine the total amount of chlorophyll (A+B) in the leaf and the concentrations of anthocyanins and flavonols, but cannot determine the chlorophyll A / B ratio or the total amount of carotenoids.

[0089] The methods for determining the chlorophyll A / B ratio and / or the total amount of carotenoids will be discussed below, such as spectrophotometric absorption measurements from extracted leaf materials.

[0090] For extraction, a small piece of leaf material (leaf disc) is removed by drilling a hole in the leaf using a hollow drill. This material is then extracted in a defined amount of solvent (e.g., 80% acetone) for a defined time (e.g., at least 24 hours) in a closed, dark environment. After extraction, the absorbance of the solvent is measured using a UV / VIS spectrophotometer. Depending on the solvent, the pigment concentration is calculated based on the absorbance at three wavelengths (for 80% acetone, these wavelengths can be selected as 663, 646, and 470 nm); this also... Figure 5 It is shown in the middle (indicated by a dotted line).

[0091] Alternatively, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy can be used for non-destructive analysis of the concentrations of different organic compounds in leaves. Other known methods can also be used to determine the chlorophyll A / B ratio and / or the total amount of carotenoids.

[0092] Studies have shown that, relative to the deep red + blue spectrum used as a reference growth spectrum, the increase in far red added to the deep red + blue spectrum reduces the chlorophyll A / B ratio and total carotenoids. Furthermore, crops grown in spectra with a high percentage of far red exhibit reduced shelf life (see further details below). Figure 6 (See the experimental results for red and green young lettuce discussed in [the previous section]). Furthermore, pre-harvest treatments with increased blue content increased antioxidant levels, such as increased total carotenoid concentrations (see below in [the previous section]). Figure 7 Further discussion of pre-harvest treatment of Arugula compared to no pre-harvest treatment.

[0093] Previously, pigment analysis was typically performed at the end of the growing season. However, single post-harvest analysis fails to account for the fact that absolute and relative pigment concentrations depend on factors such as crop, growth stage, and plant density, and therefore change over time. For example, older leaves at lower heights in a plant often show reduced pigment concentrations and a lower chlorophyll A / B ratio, which may be due to a lower red to far red ratio (R:FR) of the darker radiation in the plant canopy.

[0094] Given the correlation between reduced pigment ratios (especially the chlorophyll A / B ratio) and shelf life, monitoring intermediate pigments in crops during growth can provide information to optimize irradiation programs (particularly for specific growth stages). For example, below a certain threshold for pigment (ratio) values, it may be beneficial to increase irradiation intensity, blue content, or decrease far-red content in the spectrum to increase and maintain pigments and relative compounds above thresholds associated with good shelf life.

[0095] In an embodiment, the data processing system 100 (which may be part of the overall horticultural control system) acquires pigment concentrations, particularly chlorophyll A and B concentrations and / or their ratios, and / or total carotenoid concentrations, via communication interface 116 or input device 112, and analyzes these pigment concentrations, particularly chlorophyll A and B concentrations and / or their ratios, and / or total carotenoid concentrations, via processor 102. The definition of the pigment (ratio) threshold may be part of the radiation scheme. The pigment (ratio) threshold can also be manually entered via input device 112.

[0096] The threshold can be an absolute threshold, for example, a chlorophyll A / B ratio threshold of 2.7. Absolute thresholds between 2.5 and 3.5 (e.g., between 2.6 and 3.0) have been found to generally yield good results. Alternatively, the threshold can be a relative threshold, for example, defined as a fraction of the initial chlorophyll A / B ratio, which may be reached at a point where the chlorophyll A / B ratio has been reduced by more than 20% of its initial value. Thresholds corresponding to fractions between 0.7 and 0.97 of the initial value (e.g., between 0.8 and 0.95) have been found to generally yield good results. Both types of thresholds and / or combinations of both types can be used to determine the switching moment.

[0097] Once a threshold is reached, the data processing system can instruct the irradiation system to shut off or reduce (e.g., at least to half) far-red radiation, and / or increase radiation intensity, and / or increase the blue content of the spectrum. The irradiation scheme can be optimized with respect to one or more different parameters, such as light utilization efficiency or shelf life; thus, depending on the chosen optimization, the irradiation scheme results in, for example, optimal yield with no or minimal shelf-life loss, or improved post-harvest quality with no or minimal yield loss.

[0098] Automatic feedback inputs from monitoring systems (such as the data processing system described herein) to control systems (such as the irradiation system described herein) can be used to automate the timing of switching irradiation schemes. This is beneficial because growth rates and metabolism are highly dependent on species, variety, and climate settings. This can be implemented, for example, in the applicant's "GrowWiseControl System".

[0099] Another advantage of automated quality monitoring relates to the fact that the moment when the pigment (ratio) threshold is reached becomes predictable, provided that no other changes in growth parameters occur simultaneously. This makes further optimization in light utilization efficiency and post-harvest quality even more attainable for vertical farm systems. Furthermore, such a system helps predict the optimal harvest time.

[0100] Furthermore, monitoring the chlorophyll A / B ratio across all batches allows for a correlation between the chlorophyll A / B ratio and the resulting quality. This information can be used, for example, through machine learning to further optimize the radiation scheme.

[0101] Figure 2AThis is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for irradiating multiple plants. The method can be performed by the system described above. Step 21 involves irradiating the multiple plants according to a first irradiation scheme. Irradiation can be performed using the irradiation system described above. The first irradiation scheme can be optimized for light utilization efficiency and / or rapid plant growth. The first irradiation scheme can reduce the chlorophyll A / B ratio in the multiple plants. In a typical example, the first irradiation scheme comprises a relatively high amount of red and / or far-red light and a relatively low amount of blue or ultraviolet light. For example, the amount of red radiation can be 80% or more, or even 85% or more. The amount of far-red radiation can be at least 6%, typically between 6% and 12%. Adding more far-red radiation can increase fresh weight, but typically does not further increase light utilization efficiency.

[0102] Step 23 includes receiving or determining the chlorophyll A / B ratio in at least one of the plurality of plants. Step 23 is typically performed by a data processing system as described above.

[0103] In step 25, the chlorophyll A / B ratio or a derived value is compared to an absolute or relative threshold. Step 25 is typically performed by the data processing system described above.

[0104] Thresholds can be predetermined or determined dynamically. For example, a threshold can depend on a variable, such as the number of days until a predetermined harvest. A threshold can depend on earlier measurements of the same plant of the same species, multiple plants of the same species, or different plants. For example, a threshold can be determined relative to an earlier determined initial chlorophyll A / B ratio. A threshold can be defined for a derived value of the chlorophyll A / B ratio (e.g., a time-derived value). A threshold can depend on the species or variety of the growing plant. Combinations of thresholds can also be used; for example, the absolute value of the chlorophyll A / B ratio can be compared to a first threshold, and a time-derived value of the chlorophyll A / B ratio can be compared to a second threshold.

[0105] If the comparison shows that the criterion has not yet been met, the method returns to step 21 and the irradiation system continues to irradiate multiple plants according to the first irradiation scheme. Typically, steps 23 and 25 may be repeated periodically until the criterion is met. As mentioned above, the threshold can vary over time, so each execution of step 25 may involve a comparison with a different threshold. Of course, the threshold can also be constant, such that the comparison is made with the same threshold each time.

[0106] If the comparison shows that the criteria have been met, the method proceeds to step 27, which involves irradiating multiple plants according to a second radiation scheme different from the first radiation scheme. The second radiation scheme can increase the chlorophyll A / B ratio in the multiple plants. For example, the second radiation scheme can be optimized to increase the shelf life of multiple plants or parts thereof. Therefore, it can be said that the second radiation scheme has the characteristic of increasing shelf life, and in particular, it has the characteristic of increasing shelf life more than the first radiation scheme.

[0107] In some embodiments, steps 23 and 25, and steps 21 and / or 27 (depending on the result of the comparison), may be repeated once or multiple times. If this is the case, the threshold may depend on the most recently applied radiation scheme. For example, if the chlorophyll A / B ratio is below a lower threshold, the system may switch from a first radiation scheme to a second radiation scheme, and if the chlorophyll A / B ratio is above an upper threshold, the system may switch from the second radiation scheme to the first radiation scheme. The threshold criteria may therefore include a lower threshold and an upper threshold for the chlorophyll A / B ratio used for switching back and forth between the first and second radiation schemes, wherein the range of chlorophyll A / B values ​​between the lower and upper thresholds is a hysteresis range.

[0108] Those skilled in the art will understand that if a higher chlorophyll A / B ratio is needed, for example because harvesting needs to occur within a short period of time, a third radiation scheme with even higher blue light content can be switched to. Similarly, when there is sufficient time until harvest, a fourth radiation scheme with a blue light amount between the first and second schemes can be switched to, and this fourth scheme increases the chlorophyll A / B ratio at a lower rate but with higher light utilization efficiency.

[0109] As discussed above, in some embodiments, the chlorophyll A / B ratio is repeatedly determined or received. In these embodiments, the chlorophyll A / B ratio is typically determined (updated) based on new measurements. The frequency of these measurements can depend on the measurement method. Updated chlorophyll A / B ratios may be determined, for example, every minute, every hour, every day, twice a week, weekly, or every two weeks. The update frequency can also depend on external factors (e.g., hourly updates when lighting is on, but not hourly updates when lighting is off), or simply on the number of days on which human interaction with multiple plants is scheduled.

[0110] Figure 2B It is shown that... Figure 2A The flowcharts of essentially the same embodiments are identical, except that the method can be entirely executed by the data processing system. Figure 2A They are essentially the same. Steps 23 and 25 can be as described above for... Figure 2A As described.

[0111] Additionally, step 22 includes instructing the irradiation system to irradiate multiple plants according to a first radiation scheme, and step 28 includes instructing the irradiation system to irradiate multiple plants according to a second radiation scheme. For example, the data processing system can instruct the irradiation system by generating control signals using its processor and sending these control signals to the irradiation system via its communication interface.

[0112] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating another embodiment of a method for irradiating multiple plants. Again, step 21 includes irradiating the multiple plants using the irradiation system according to a first radiation scheme, and step 23 includes receiving or determining the chlorophyll A / B ratio in at least one of the multiple plants using the data processing system.

[0113] Step 29 includes using a data processing system to compare the chlorophyll A / B ratio or its derived values ​​with multiple absolute or relative thresholds. Based on the results of these comparisons, one of multiple second radiation schemes is selected, and according to the selected second radiation scheme 27 1-n Irradiate multiple plants.

[0114] Alternatively, steps 23, 29, and 27 can be repeated. 1-n This leads to the selection of different radiation schemes in different iterations.

[0115] In an alternative embodiment, the second radiation scheme may be determined by a data processing system based on the chlorophyll A / B ratio and / or total carotenoid concentration. The second radiation scheme may be determined, for example, based on algorithmic rules, machine learning methods, or other suitable methods implemented by the data processing system.

[0116] Figure 3 The method shown can be adapted to be executed entirely by a data processing system, similar to the one already referenced. Figure 2B The situation described.

[0117] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the effect of the spectrum on the shelf life of wild arugula. The graph comes from the article "Chapter 1.4: Postharvest quality of leafy greens growing in a plantfactory" by Nicole et al., located on pages 33-43 of the book "Plant Factory using Artificial Lighting" edited by Anpo et al. (Elsevier 2019), which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0118] Figure 4The following data is presented: Overall visual quality (OVQ) for three different spectra—red / white (RW, triangle), red / blue (RB, rhombus), and red / white / far-red (RWFr, circle)—based on the number of days stored at 4°C. The OVQ crossed the consumer acceptable line (OVQ=6) at 24, 26, and 20 days, respectively. Each data point is the average OVQ of three individual samples. Plants were grown under the corresponding spectra throughout the entire crop cycle (i.e., from seedling to harvest).

[0119] Therefore, when comparing storage days (after which overall visual quality deteriorates below the consumer acceptable line for different spectra), adding far-red light to the reference red / white light reduces shelf life, while adding blue light to the reference red / white light increases shelf life.

[0120] Figure 5 This graph shows the absorption spectra of chlorophyll A (dashed line), chlorophyll B (solid line), and total carotenoids (dashed line) in a leaf, respectively. Since chlorophyll A and B have fundamentally different absorption spectra, absorption-based methods can be used to determine the (relative) amounts of chlorophyll A and B, as well as the total carotenoids.

[0121] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the relationship between the relative amount of far-red and the chlorophyll A / B ratio in an irradiation scheme. It shows the chlorophyll A / B ratio for green romaine lettuce (squares) and red (rounds) romaine lettuce; the line segments are merely eye guides.

[0122] Figure 7 This is a graph illustrating the effect of pre-harvest treatment on the total concentration of carotenoids in Arugula (rucola or rocket). Specifically, the graph shows the total carotenoid concentration (in mg / g) after 1 or 2 days of extraction in 80% acetone, using pre-harvest treatments utilizing a high blue spectrum (left bars, labeled A and AB) compared to no pre-harvest treatment (right bars, labeled BC and C). In this graph, the letters (A, AB, BC, and C) indicate statistically relevant differences. If two treatments share the same letter, or partially share the same letter (e.g., A and AB), they cannot be considered different. Conversely, if two treatments do not share the same letter (e.g., one is AB and the other is C), they are different based on the statistical method used and the chosen confidence interval. In this case, the statistical method used is the Fisher paired least significant difference (LSD) method with a 95% confidence level.

[0123] Figure 8 A block diagram is depicted, illustrating a data processing system claimed in one embodiment.

[0124] like Figure 8 As shown, the data processing system 100 may include at least one processor 102 coupled to the storage element 104 via a system bus 106. Therefore, the data processing system may store program code within the storage element 104. Furthermore, the processor 102 may execute program code accessed from the storage element 104 via the system bus 106. In one aspect, the data processing system may be implemented as a computer suitable for storing and / or executing program code. However, it should be understood that the data processing system 100 may be implemented in the form of any system including a processor and memory capable of performing the functions described herein.

[0125] Storage element 104 may include one or more physical storage devices, such as local memory 108 and one or more mass storage devices 110. Local memory may refer to random access memory or other non-persistent storage devices that are typically used during the actual execution of the program code. Mass storage devices may be implemented as hard disk drives or other persistent data storage devices. Processing system 100 may also include one or more cache memories (not shown) that provide temporary storage for at least some program code to reduce the number of times program code must be retrieved from mass storage device 110 during execution.

[0126] The input / output (I / O) devices, depicted as input device 112 and output device 114, may optionally be coupled to a data processing system. Examples of input devices may include, but are not limited to, a keyboard, a pointing device such as a mouse, a touch-sensitive display, an external control system as referred to herein, etc. Examples of output devices may include, but are not limited to, a monitor or display, a speaker, an LED driver, etc. The input and / or output devices may be coupled to the data processing system directly or through an intermediate I / O controller.

[0127] In one embodiment, the input and output devices can be implemented as a combined input / output device (in... Figure 8 (Seen in the middle by dashed lines surrounding input device 112 and output device 114). An example of such a combined device is a touch-sensitive display, sometimes also called a "touchscreen display" or simply a "touchscreen". In such embodiments, input to the device can be provided by movement of a physical object (such as, for example, a user's stylus or finger) on or near the touchscreen display.

[0128] Network adapter 116 can also be coupled to the data processing system to enable it to be coupled to other systems, computer systems, remote network devices, and / or remote storage devices via an intermediate private or public network. The network adapter may include a data receiver to receive data transmitted to the data processing system 100 by the systems, devices, and / or networks, and a data transmitter to transmit data from the data processing system 100 to the systems, devices, and / or networks. Modems, cable modems, and Ethernet cards are examples of different types of network adapters that can be used with the data processing system 100. Network adapter 116 may also be referred to as communication interface 116.

[0129] like Figure 8 As shown, storage element 104 can store application 118. In different embodiments, application 118 may be stored in local memory 108, one or more mass storage devices 110, or outside of local memory and mass storage devices. It should be understood that data processing system 100 may further execute an operating system that facilitates the execution of application 118. Figure 8 (Not shown in the image). Application 118, implemented as executable program code, can be executed by data processing system 100, such as processor 102. In response to executing the application, data processing system 100 can be configured to perform one or more operational or method steps described herein.

[0130] The architecture of the exemplary data processing system 100 described above for use in the present invention can also be applied to a certain extent to the exemplary controller 7 of the irradiation system 3. For example, such an exemplary controller may also include a processor for generating drive signals for the radiation source, a communication interface for receiving control signals from the data processing system 100, input / output devices, a memory for storing the radiation scheme, etc.

[0131] In another aspect, data processing system 100 may represent a client data processing system. In this case, application 118 may represent a client application that, when executed, configures data processing system 100 to perform the various functions described herein with reference to "client". Instances of clients may include, but are not limited to, personal computers, laptops, mobile phones, etc.

[0132] On the other hand, the data processing system 100 can represent a server. For example, the data processing system can represent an (HTTP) server, in which case the application 118 can be configured to perform (HTTP) server operations when executed.

[0133] Various embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a program product for use with a computer system, wherein the program of the program product defines the functionality of the embodiments (including the methods described herein). In one embodiment, the program may be contained on a variety of non-transitory computer-readable storage media, wherein, as used herein, the expression “non-transitory computer-readable storage media” includes all computer-readable media, with the sole exception of transient propagating signals. In another embodiment, the program may be contained on a variety of transient computer-readable storage media. Exemplary computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to: (i) non-writable storage media on which information is permanently stored (e.g., read-only storage devices within a computer, such as CD-ROM discs readable by a CD-ROM drive, ROM chips, or any type of solid-state non-volatile semiconductor memory); and (ii) writable storage media on which variable information is stored (e.g., flash memory, floppy disks within a hard disk drive or disk drive, or any type of solid-state random access semiconductor memory). The computer program may run on the processor 102 described herein.

[0134] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well. It should also be understood that when the terms “comprising” and / or “including” are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the stated features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0135] All means or steps in the following claims, plus corresponding structures, materials, actions, and equivalents of the functional elements, are intended to encompass any structure, material, or action for performing the function in conjunction with other specifically claimed elements. Descriptions of embodiments of the invention have been presented for illustrative purposes but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to implementations of the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and some practical applications, and to enable others skilled in the art to understand various embodiments of the invention with various modifications suitable for the intended particular purpose.

Claims

1. A system (1) for irradiating a plurality of plants (11), said system (1) comprising: - An irradiation system (3) configured to irradiate the plurality of plants (11), the irradiation system (3) comprising: - One or more controllable radiation sources (5) and / or one or more controllable radiation filters and / or radiation concentrators, and - A controller (7) adapted to control the operation of the one or more controllable radiation sources (5) and / or the one or more controllable radiation filters and / or radiation concentrators; and - A data processing system (100) including a communication interface (116) or input / output device (112, 114) for receiving / transmitting signals, and a processor (102) configured to: The ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B in at least one of the plurality of plants (11) is received via the communication interface (116) or input / output device (112 / 114), and The irradiation system (3) irradiates the plurality of plants (11) according to a first radiation scheme during a first time period and according to a second radiation scheme different from the first radiation scheme during a second time period via a communication interface (116) or input / output device (112 / 114). The processor (102) is further configured to receive an absolute or relative threshold via a communication interface (116) or an input / output device (112 / 114), and in response to the processor (102) determining that the ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B is below the threshold, to switch the irradiation system (3) between the first irradiation scheme and the second irradiation scheme via the communication interface (116) or the input / output device (112 / 114); and The first radiation scheme has a higher light utilization efficiency (LUE) than the second radiation scheme, and / or the second radiation scheme has a higher shelf life extension characteristic than the first radiation scheme.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the first radiation scheme and the second radiation scheme depends on the ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B.

3. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The first radiation scheme includes a higher far-infrared radiation dose or component than the second radiation scheme, and / or The first radiation scheme includes a lower dose or amount of blue and / or ultraviolet radiation than the second radiation scheme.

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein, The far-infrared radiation dose in the first radiation scheme is at least twice as high as the far-infrared radiation dose in the second radiation scheme, and / or Wherein, the blue and / or ultraviolet radiation dose in the second radiation scheme is at least twice as high as the blue and / or ultraviolet radiation dose in the first radiation scheme, and / or Wherein, the far-red radiation dose in the first radiation scheme is determined based on the ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B, and / or The blue and / or ultraviolet radiation dose in the second radiation scheme is determined based on the ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B.

5. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The threshold is between 2.5 and 3.5, preferably between 2.6 and 3.

0.

6. The system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the threshold is defined as a fraction of the initial ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B, preferably between 0.7 and 0.97, more preferably between 0.8 and 0.

95.

7. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, The data processing system (100) is further configured to receive the carotenoid concentration in at least one of the plurality of plants (11), and At least one of the first radiation scheme, the second radiation scheme, or the switching time between the first time period and the second time period depends on the concentration of carotenoids.

8. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B is determined by one or more samples obtained from at least one plant.

9. The system of claim 8, further comprising an analyzer (9) adapted to determine the ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B by: Extract the sample from a limited amount of solvent, and The absorption of the solvent was measured at multiple predetermined wavelengths using a UV / VIS spectrophotometer.

10. The system according to any one of the preceding claims further includes a camera system or a near-infrared spectroscopy sensor to determine the ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B using near-infrared spectroscopy.

11. The system according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, The analyzer (9), the corresponding camera system or near-infrared spectroscopy sensor is included in the data processing system (100).

12. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Each of the first and second radiation schemes defines one or more radiation characteristics provided to the plurality of plants (11) for a specific time period, wherein the one or more radiation characteristics include at least one of the following: - Such as the photon flux of radiation generated by the irradiation system. - Such as the photon flux density of radiation received by the multiple plants (11), - The spectral power distribution of the radiation produced by the irradiation system, and - Timing of irradiation; as well as The data processing system (100) is configured to cause the irradiation system (3) to generate radiation such that the radiation has photon flux, and / or photon flux density, and / or spectral power distribution, and / or the timing of the irradiation as defined by the first irradiation scheme and the second irradiation scheme, respectively.

13. A computer-implemented method for irradiating multiple plants, the method comprising: The ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B in at least one of the plurality of plants, and The irradiation system irradiates the plurality of plants according to a first radiation scheme (22) during a first time period and according to a second radiation scheme (28) different from the first radiation scheme during a second time period. Upon receiving an absolute or relative threshold, and in response to determining that the ratio between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B is below the threshold, the irradiation system (3) switches between the first irradiation scheme and the second irradiation scheme, and The first radiation scheme has a higher light utilization efficiency (LUE) than the second radiation scheme, and / or the second radiation scheme has a higher shelf life extension characteristic than the first radiation scheme.

14. A computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by a data processing system of any one of claims 1 to 12, cause the system to perform the method of claim 13.

15. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon according to claim 14.

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