Preparation method of biomass-based degradable dust suppressant and spraying device

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for preparing a biomass-based biodegradable dust suppressant and a spraying device, comprising the following components by weight percentage: 0.78% biomass matrix, 20.7% salt-precipitating solution, and the remainder being an acetic acid solution diluted with deionized water. The specific steps are as follows: adding biomass matrix powder to the acetic acid solution; pouring the salt-precipitating solution powder into the biomass matrix acetic acid solution; magnetically stirring for 30 minutes at 200 r / min and 30°C; and then sonicating for 10 minutes to ensure a complete reaction. This invention combines salt-precipitation with dust suppression technology, using high-concentration salt solutions such as sodium citrate and sodium sulfate. Utilizing the physicochemical interaction between salt ions and biomass material molecules, and through the synergistic effect of salt-precipitation-assisted precipitation and weak ion cross-linking, it breaks the limitations of traditional cross-linking methods, promoting the rapid formation of a three-dimensional network structure, thereby constructing a high-strength hydrogel membrane. This method allows for the simple and convenient preparation of a long-lasting and safe dust suppressant, effectively improving dust suppression efficiency and reducing dust suppression costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dust suppression technology, specifically a method for preparing a biomass-based biodegradable dust suppressant and a spraying device. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of rapid global industrial, mining, construction, and agricultural development, dust pollution has become a major challenge threatening the ecological environment and human health. Traditional dust suppression methods, such as water spraying, waste a large amount of water resources and are difficult to sustain in arid regions; dust netting is prone to damage and difficult to recycle; while chemical dust suppressants can inhibit dust to some extent, their components often contain non-degradable chemicals, which not only damage soil structure but may also cause secondary pollution, leading to ecological imbalance in surrounding water bodies and soil. In recent years, biomass materials have become a research hotspot in the field of dust suppression due to their natural biodegradability and film-forming properties. However, in practical applications, biomass materials such as chitosan, sodium alginate, and cellulose suffer from low cross-linking efficiency, making it difficult to quickly form a stable dust suppression film; poor weather resistance significantly reduces their dust suppression effect in severe weather conditions such as wind and rain; and insufficient pH adaptability limits their use in different soil environments. These problems greatly hinder the promotion of biomass dust suppressants. At the same time, most dust suppressants on the market focus on chemically synthesized materials or simple biomass mixtures, without addressing the application of salting-out methods in the field of dust suppression. Existing research on biomass dust suppressants mainly focuses on improving their performance by adding chemical cross-linking agents. However, chemical cross-linking agents are often toxic and pose potential harm to the environment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preparing a biomass-based biodegradable dust suppressant and a spraying device, which can easily and conveniently prepare a long-lasting and safe dust suppressant, and can effectively improve dust suppression efficiency and reduce dust suppression costs.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for preparing a biomass-based biodegradable dust suppressant for open-pit coal mines, comprising the following components by weight percentage: 0.78% biomass matrix, 20.7% salting-out solution, and the remainder being an acetic acid solution diluted with deionized water;

[0005] The specific steps are as follows:

[0006] Step 1: Add the biological matrix powder to the acetic acid solution, stir for 2 hours at 1000 r / min and 65℃, and then sonicate for 15 minutes.

[0007] Step 2: Remove air bubbles from the acetic acid solution containing the biological matrix and allow it to stand until room temperature;

[0008] Step 3: Pour the salt precipitation solution powder into the biological matrix acetic acid solution, stir magnetically for 30 minutes at 200 r / min and 30℃, and then sonicate for 10 minutes to ensure a complete reaction;

[0009] Step 4: Let it stand until it reaches room temperature to obtain the dust suppressant.

[0010] Furthermore, the biomatrix of the present invention includes natural biodegradable polysaccharide biomatrix, protein biomatrix, and microbially synthesized biomatrix; the salting-out salt solution includes sodium citrate, sodium sulfate, or sodium chloride; the natural biodegradable polysaccharide biomatrix is ​​chitosan, sodium alginate, cellulose and its derivatives, or starch; the protein biomatrix is ​​gelatin, soy protein, or zein; and the microbially synthesized biomatrix is ​​polyhydroxyalkanoate, bacterial cellulose, or microbial polysaccharide.

[0011] Furthermore, the purity of the salt-out powder of the present invention is not less than 99%.

[0012] Furthermore, the deionized water of the present invention dilutes the acetic acid to 1%.

[0013] Furthermore, the degree of deacetylation of the biomatrix of the present invention is 90%.

[0014] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, this invention also provides a spraying device for a biomass-based biodegradable open-pit coal mine dust suppressant, comprising a rotating converging air head, a telescopic frame, wheels, a dust suppression chamber, an air chamber, and a converging nozzle. The dust suppression chamber, air chamber, and converging nozzle form the nozzle body. The rotating converging air head is installed inside the converging nozzle, tangent to the inner wall of the converging nozzle and connected to the air chamber. The rotating converging air head has evenly distributed air outlets for transporting gas from the air chamber to the pipe of the converging nozzle. The air chamber surrounds the dust suppression chamber, which is connected to the converging nozzle. The nozzle body is mounted on the telescopic frame. The air chamber is connected to a compressed air supply pipe, and the dust suppression chamber is connected to a dust suppressant supply pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, the telescopic frame of the present invention is provided with wheels at its lower part.

[0016] A pressure sensor is installed inside the air chamber; a liquid level sensor is installed inside the dust suppression chamber.

[0017] By employing the above-described scheme, the present invention has at least the following advantages: By combining salting-out with dust suppression technology, high-concentration salt solutions such as sodium citrate and sodium sulfate are selected; on the one hand, the salting-out effect of adjusting the ionic strength and pH of the system by the salt solution disrupts the hydration film and surface charge balance of biomass material molecules such as chitosan, sodium alginate, and cellulose, promoting their physical precipitation and aggregation from the solution; on the other hand, relying on the weak ionic cross-linking effect of polyvalent anions (such as citrate and sulfate) in the salt solution, the present invention interacts with the cationic groups remaining on the surface of biomass material molecules (such as -NH3 of chitosan).+ This process forms transmolecular ionic bonds, propelling the rapidly constructed three-dimensional network structure of the precipitated biomass material molecules. This design eliminates the reliance on traditional strong chemical cross-linking agents, breaking the dependence of traditional cross-linking methods on harsh reaction conditions. Furthermore, through the synergistic effect of salting-out assisted precipitation and weak ionic cross-linking, it efficiently prepares high-strength hydrogel membranes. This innovative film-forming mechanism not only solves the problem of low cross-linking efficiency in biomass materials but also endows the hydrogel membrane with excellent adhesion properties while maintaining sufficient fluidity. This allows it to firmly adhere to dust surfaces under wind erosion and resist detachment under rainwater erosion, significantly improving the crusting properties and resistance to wind and rain erosion of dust suppressants. Simultaneously, through ion exchange and acid-base balance regulation during the salting-out process, this technology can precisely adjust the soil pH to the neutral range (6.0–8.0), effectively improving soil acidification or alkalization problems caused by long-term use of chemical dust suppressants or industrial activities. This creates a suitable living environment for soil microorganisms and promotes a virtuous cycle in the soil ecosystem. Furthermore, the unique porous structure of the hydrogel membrane effectively locks in soil moisture, reduces water evaporation, and enhances soil water retention, creating favorable conditions for vegetation growth and achieving synergistic development of dust control and ecological restoration. Simultaneously, this invention completely eliminates toxic cross-linking agents, relying solely on the physicochemical interaction between salt solutions and biomass materials to form the film, exhibiting distinct uniqueness from raw materials to preparation processes. Salt solutions, represented by sodium citrate and sodium sulfate, are widely available and inexpensive, and do not produce harmful byproducts during dust suppression, aligning with green chemistry principles. Moreover, the hydrogel membrane prepared by this technology possesses excellent biocompatibility, gradually decomposing into carbon dioxide and water by microorganisms in the natural environment, unlike traditional chemical dust suppressants which leave residues in the soil, thus completely solving the problems of poor weather resistance and environmental unfriendliness associated with biomass dust suppressants. Finally, due to the simple preparation process, low equipment requirements, and readily available raw materials, this invention facilitates large-scale industrial production, effectively reducing production costs. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a biomass-based biodegradable dust suppressant spraying device for open-pit coal mines.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a rotating converging air head for a biomass-based biodegradable open-pit coal mine dust suppressant spraying device.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Rotary converging air head, 2. Telescopic frame, 3. Wheel, 4. Dust suppression chamber, 5. Air chamber, 6. Converging nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0022] In Embodiment 1 of this application, the components consist of the following components by weight percentage: 0.78% biological matrix, 20.7% salting-out solution, and the remainder being an acetic acid solution diluted with deionized water;

[0023] The specific steps are as follows:

[0024] Step 1: Add the biological matrix powder to the acetic acid solution, stir for 2 hours at 1000 r / min and 65℃, and then sonicate for 15 minutes.

[0025] Step 2: Remove air bubbles from the acetic acid solution containing the biological matrix and allow it to stand until room temperature;

[0026] Step 3: Pour the salt precipitation solution powder into the biological matrix acetic acid solution, stir magnetically for 30 minutes at 200 r / min and 30℃, and then sonicate for 10 minutes to ensure a complete reaction;

[0027] Step 4: Let it stand until it reaches room temperature to obtain the dust suppressant.

[0028] The biomatrix includes natural biodegradable polysaccharide biomatrix, protein biomatrix, and microbially synthesized biomatrix; the salting-out salt solution includes sodium citrate, sodium sulfate, or sodium chloride; the natural biodegradable polysaccharide biomatrix is ​​chitosan, sodium alginate, cellulose and its derivatives, or starch; the protein biomatrix is ​​gelatin, soy protein, or zein; the microbially synthesized biomatrix is ​​polyhydroxyalkanoates, bacterial cellulose, or microbial polysaccharides. The purity of the salting-out powder is not less than 99%. The deionized water is used to dilute acetic acid to 1%. The degree of deacetylation of the biomatrix is ​​90%.

[0029] To test the effectiveness of the dust suppressant, an application test was conducted in a 10cm diameter petri dish. 60g of lignite powder (approximately 100 mesh) was placed in the dish, and the prepared dust suppressant was evenly sprayed onto the exposed coal pile surface using a spraying device. After 12 hours, a dust-suppressing film formed, with a thickness of 1 / 3 of the entire coal seam thickness. The coal powder beneath the dust-suppressing film solidified together, forming a hard coal layer. During a week-long test period, including winds of force 3-4, the hydrogel film formed by the dust suppressant remained firmly attached to the coal pile surface without large-scale detachment, demonstrating an effective duration of over 20 days. The 12-hour water retention rate reached 74%. After being rinsed with water, the dust-suppressing film softened, but the coal powder remained intact even when the petri dish was inverted. This significantly reduced dust pollution during coal mining, minimizing harm to the surrounding environment and the health of workers. It also prevented coal resource losses caused by flying coal dust and reduced subsequent environmental remediation costs due to excessive dust emissions, providing a foundation for future mine restoration work.

[0030] Studies have found that when dust suppressants are used, salting out causes biomass colloids to precipitate from the solution, resulting in flocculent floating matter. When spraying with ordinary nozzles, the inhibitor distribution is uneven and the nozzles are easily clogged. Furthermore, the thickness of some hydrogel films is uneven, affecting the dust suppression effect of the hydrogel film. To better achieve the above-mentioned objectives, this invention also provides a spraying device for a biomass-based biodegradable open-pit coal mine dust suppressant, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the nozzle body comprises a dust suppression chamber 4, an air chamber 5, and a tapered nozzle 6. A rotating tapered air head 1 is installed inside the tapered nozzle 6, tangential to the inner wall of the tapered nozzle 6 and connected to the air chamber 5. The rotating tapered air head 1 has evenly distributed air outlets to transport the gas from the air chamber 5 to the pipes of the tapered nozzle 6. The air chamber 5 surrounds the dust suppression chamber 4, which is connected to the tapered nozzle 6. The diameter inside the tapered nozzle 6 gradually decreases, and the spray velocity of the hydrogel dust suppressant gradually increases, colliding with the gas sprayed from the rotating tapered air head 1 to form a finer spray. The nozzle body is mounted on a telescopic frame 2, enabling precise control of the nozzle height and direction. The air chamber 5 is connected to a compressed air supply pipe, supplied by an external air compressor. The dust suppression chamber 4 is connected to a dust suppressant supply pipe, continuously pumped into the dust suppression chamber 4 by an external water pump. The high-speed airflow effectively disperses the solution, resulting in more uniform spraying and preventing nozzle clogging.

[0031] To facilitate equipment mobility, wheels 3 are provided at the bottom of the telescopic frame 2. The spraying device can also be installed in a fixed location for dust suppression in areas with severe dust pollution, such as coal yards. To monitor the internal air pressure and dust suppressant content at any time, an air pressure sensor is installed in the air chamber 5; a liquid level sensor is installed in the dust suppression chamber 4.

[0032] To use, a biomass-based biodegradable open-pit coal mine dust suppressant spraying device is installed and connected to the corresponding pipeline equipment. The rotating converging air head 1 is installed inside the converging nozzle 6, tangential to the inner wall and connected to the air chamber 5. Its evenly distributed air outlets efficiently deliver the gas from the air chamber 5 to the pipes of the converging nozzle 6. When the hydrogel solution provided by the dust suppression chamber 4 flows through the converging nozzle 6, the rotating gas and solution mix thoroughly. Under the action of the converging structure, the hydrogel solution forms finer and more uniform mist particles. These mist particles can come into contact with and adsorb dust in the air more widely, significantly improving the dust suppression effect and duration. The telescopic frame 2 can be flexibly extended and retracted, achieving precise control of the nozzle height and direction. This means that the device can adapt to different operating scenarios, whether it's a low corner of the factory area or the top of a high material pile, accurately spraying the dust suppressant to the target area, avoiding the spraying blind spots caused by the fixed height and direction of traditional devices, and improving the comprehensiveness and targeting of dust suppression operations.

[0033] In summary, the present invention provides a method for preparing a biomass-based biodegradable dust suppressant and a spraying device that combines salting-out with dust suppression technology. By using high-concentration salt solutions such as sodium citrate and sodium sulfate, and leveraging the physicochemical interactions between salt ions and biomass material molecules, the limitations of traditional cross-linking methods are overcome, promoting the rapid formation of a three-dimensional network structure and thus constructing a high-strength hydrogel membrane. This innovative film-forming mechanism not only solves the problem of low cross-linking efficiency in biomass materials but also endows the hydrogel membrane with excellent adhesion properties while maintaining sufficient fluidity. This allows it to firmly adhere to the dust surface when facing wind erosion and is not easily detached under rainwater erosion, significantly improving the crusting properties and resistance to wind and rain erosion of the dust suppressant. Simultaneously, this technology, through ion exchange and acid-base balance regulation during the salting-out process, can precisely adjust the soil pH to the neutral range (6.0–8.0), effectively improving soil acidification or alkalization problems caused by long-term use of chemical dust suppressants or industrial activities, creating a suitable living environment for soil microorganisms, and promoting a virtuous cycle of the soil ecosystem. Furthermore, the unique porous structure of the hydrogel membrane effectively locks in soil moisture, reduces water evaporation, and enhances soil water retention, creating favorable conditions for vegetation growth and achieving synergistic development of dust control and ecological restoration. Simultaneously, this invention completely eliminates toxic cross-linking agents, relying solely on the physicochemical interaction between salt solutions and biomass materials to form the film, exhibiting distinct uniqueness from raw materials to preparation processes. Salt solutions, represented by sodium citrate and sodium sulfate, are widely available and inexpensive, and do not produce harmful byproducts during dust suppression, aligning with green chemistry principles. Moreover, the hydrogel membrane prepared by this technology possesses excellent biocompatibility, gradually decomposing into carbon dioxide and water by microorganisms in the natural environment, unlike traditional chemical dust suppressants which leave residues in the soil, thus completely solving the problems of poor weather resistance and environmental unfriendliness associated with biomass dust suppressants. Finally, due to the simple preparation process, low equipment requirements, and readily available raw materials, this invention facilitates large-scale industrial production, effectively reducing production costs.

[0034] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the invention is limited to these examples; within the framework of the invention, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity. Any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A spraying device for a biomass-based biodegradable dust suppressant, characterized in that, The spraying device includes a rotating converging air head (1), a telescopic frame (2), wheels (3), a dust suppression chamber (4), an air chamber (5), and a converging nozzle (6). The dust suppression chamber (4), the air chamber (5), and the converging nozzle (6) form the nozzle body. The rotating converging air head (1) is installed inside the converging nozzle (6), tangent to the inner wall of the converging nozzle (6), and connected to the air chamber (5). The rotating converging air head (1) has evenly distributed air outlets. The air chamber (5) surrounds the outside of the dust suppression chamber (4), and the dust suppression chamber (4) is connected to the converging nozzle (6). The nozzle body is installed on the telescopic frame (2). The air chamber (5) is connected to a compressed air supply pipe, and the dust suppression chamber (4) is connected to a dust suppressant supply pipe. The dust suppressant is composed of the following components by weight percentage: 0.78% chitosan, 20.7% salt-out powder, and the remainder is an acetic acid solution diluted with deionized water; The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Add chitosan powder to acetic acid solution, stir for 2 hours at 1000 r / min and 65℃, and then sonicate for 15 minutes to completely dissolve the chitosan. Step 2: Remove air bubbles from the chitosan-acetic acid solution and let it stand until room temperature; Step 3: Pour the salt-precipitated salt powder into the above chitosan acetic acid solution, stir magnetically for 30 minutes at 200 r / min and 30℃, and then sonicate for 10 minutes to ensure complete reaction; Step 4: Let it stand until it reaches room temperature to obtain the dust suppressant.

2. The spraying device for a biomass-based biodegradable dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The purity of the salt-precipitated salt powder is not less than 99%.

3. The spraying device for a biomass-based biodegradable dust suppressant according to claim 2, characterized in that, The acetic acid used for dissolving chitosan was diluted to 1% with deionized water.

4. The spraying device for a biomass-based biodegradable dust suppressant according to claim 3, characterized in that, The degree of deacetylation of the chitosan is 90%.

5. A spraying device for a biomass-based biodegradable dust suppressant as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic frame (2) is equipped with wheels (3) at the bottom.

6. A spraying device for a biomass-based biodegradable dust suppressant as described in claim 5, characterized in that, A pressure sensor is installed in the air chamber (5); a liquid level sensor is installed in the dust suppression chamber (4).

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