Design method, device and system of three-frequency co-aperture multi-beam antenna

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of three-frequency co-aperture multi-beam antenna design method, device and system, and the forbidden area of three-frequency band radiator and lamination constraint are extracted by electromagnetic field coupling simulation, and initial layout condition is established;Subsequently, space topology optimization is carried out to determine the radiator layout and feed network structure, then polarization direction and excitation phase are jointly optimized to realize frequency band matching, finally, beamforming parameters are generated by multi-objective optimization, and finally, a three-dimensional model of co-aperture integration is constructed, so as to realize the collaborative design and optimization of three-frequency band antenna in limited space.The application can realize the collaborative improvement of multi-band high isolation, low coupling interference and multi-beam dynamic shaping capability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a design method, apparatus and system for a three-band common aperture multi-beam antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Airborne multi-band antenna systems are core components of aviation communication, navigation, and detection equipment, and their performance directly affects the electromagnetic compatibility and mission efficiency of aircraft. With the development of avionics systems towards multi-functional integration, traditional discrete antenna layouts face severe challenges: when low-frequency communication antennas (such as UHF / VHF bands), mid-frequency navigation antennas (such as L-bands), and high-frequency radar antennas (such as X / Ku bands) are installed independently, they occupy a large amount of fuselage surface space, leading to aerodynamic degradation and insufficient physical isolation, which can easily cause electromagnetic coupling interference between frequency bands, making it difficult to meet the pointing accuracy and polarization isolation requirements in multi-beam cooperative scenarios.

[0003] To address these issues, co-aperture antenna technology has emerged. Existing co-aperture designs typically achieve shared transmission of dual-band signals by sharing the physical aperture of the radiator. However, this approach has significant limitations when extended to three bands: First, the low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency radiators require different sizes and structures due to wavelength differences (e.g., helical antennas for low-frequency bands and microstrip arrays for high-frequency bands). Their layout must simultaneously meet multiple constraints such as electromagnetic isolation, structural strength, and adaptation to fuselage curvature. Existing methods lack systematic multiphysics coupling analysis tools, leading to reliance on engineering experience for restricted area planning and stacking height design, which can easily cause parasitic coupling between radiators or insufficient space utilization. Second, multi-band polarization matching... The mechanism is not yet perfect. The low-frequency ±45° dual polarization and the mid-frequency vertical / horizontal polarization need to adapt to the changes in the fuselage installation attitude. The beam pointing accuracy of the high-frequency phased array is highly sensitive to the excitation phase error. In the existing technology, the polarization direction and phase parameters mostly adopt discrete optimization strategies, which makes it difficult to achieve the coordinated design of three-band polarization matching and beam coverage. Finally, the integration of the feed network is insufficient. Traditional coaxial cables or waveguide structures are difficult to achieve independent amplitude and phase control of three-band signals in a limited space, resulting in increased feed loss and limited flexibility of multi-beam shaping.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a design method for a three-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna for airborne platforms to solve the technical problems that limit the flexibility of multi-beam shaping caused by multi-band radiator layout conflicts, polarization phase mismatch and poor compatibility of feed networks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method, apparatus, and system for designing a three-band co-aperture multi-beam antenna, which can achieve a synergistic improvement in multi-band high isolation, low coupling interference, and multi-beam dynamic shaping capabilities.

[0006] One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing a three-frequency co-aperture multi-beam antenna, comprising:

[0007] Electromagnetic field coupling simulation of three frequency bands including low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency is performed on the preset fuselage installation area. The forbidden area and stacking height constraint of each frequency band radiator of the multi-beam antenna are extracted to generate the initial conditions of the three-frequency common aperture layout of the multi-beam antenna.

[0008] Based on the initial conditions, spatial location cooperative topology optimization is performed on the radiators of the three frequency bands to generate radiator layout parameters and pre-planned structure of the three frequency feed network that satisfy the three-frequency isolation threshold for the multi-beam antenna.

[0009] Based on the radiator layout parameters, a polarization matching parameter set covering the three frequency bands is generated by jointly optimizing the polarization directions of the low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators and the excitation phase of the high-frequency radiator.

[0010] Based on the polarization matching parameter set, the amplitude and phase weights and subarray deflection angles of the radiators in the three frequency bands are optimized in a multi-objective manner across the entire frequency band to generate a beamforming parameter set.

[0011] Based on the pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feed network and the beamforming parameter set, a three-dimensional antenna model integrating low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency common apertures of the multi-beam antenna is constructed.

[0012] As an improvement to the above scheme, the step of performing electromagnetic field coupling simulation on the preset fuselage installation area, including low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency bands, extracting the forbidden areas and stacking height constraints of the radiators of each frequency band of the multi-beam antenna, and generating the initial conditions for the three-frequency common-aperture layout of the multi-beam antenna, includes the following sub-steps:

[0013] Based on the structural parameters of the airborne platform, a three-band electromagnetic field coupling simulation model including low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency was established, and multi-physics field joint simulation was performed on the simulation model to obtain the coupling field strength distribution of the three bands in the fuselage installation area.

[0014] Based on the coupled field strength distribution, the field strength interference region of each frequency band radiator is extracted as the forbidden region, and the maximum stacking height constraint of each frequency band radiator is calculated based on the mechanical load limit of the airborne platform.

[0015] The restricted area and stacking height constraints are input into the multi-band layout optimization algorithm to generate initial conditions that satisfy the common aperture layout of the three-band radiators. The initial conditions include the minimum spacing between radiators, the stacking height range, and the installation angle threshold.

[0016] As an improvement to the above scheme, the step of performing spatial location cooperative topology optimization on the radiators of the three frequency bands based on the initial conditions to generate radiator layout parameters and a pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feed network that satisfy the three-frequency isolation threshold for the multi-beam antenna includes the following sub-steps:

[0017] Based on the minimum spacing between radiators and the installation angle threshold in the initial conditions, define the topology optimization variables for low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency radiators, and set the isolation threshold between the three frequency bands.

[0018] A multi-objective differential evolution algorithm is used to collaboratively optimize the position, spacing, and arrangement direction of the radiators in the three frequency bands, generating a set of candidate layout schemes that meet the isolation threshold.

[0019] Based on the candidate layout scheme set, the radiator layout parameters that meet the impedance matching requirements of the three-frequency feed network are selected through the feed network coupling degree evaluation model.

[0020] Based on the radiator layout parameters and the phase consistency requirements of the three-band feed ports, the stacked structure and routing path of the feed network are pre-planned to generate the pre-planned structure of the three-band feed network.

[0021] As an improvement to the above scheme, the step of generating a polarization matching parameter set covering the three frequency bands by jointly optimizing the polarization directions of the low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators and the excitation phase of the high-frequency radiator based on the radiator layout parameters includes the following sub-steps:

[0022] Based on the arrangement direction of the low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators in the radiator layout parameters, an optimization model for the polarization direction of the low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators is established, and the polarization angle adjustment amount of the low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators is generated through the orthogonal polarization matching algorithm.

[0023] Based on the array arrangement characteristics of high-frequency radiators, a phase compensation model for the excitation phase of high-frequency radiators is established, and the excitation phase compensation value of the high-frequency radiators is generated through a phase gradient optimization algorithm.

[0024] The polarization angle adjustment and the excitation phase compensation value are jointly iteratively optimized to generate a polarization matching parameter set covering three frequency bands, including polarization direction angle, phase compensation weight and polarization isolation parameter.

[0025] As an improvement to the above scheme, the step of performing full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization of the amplitude and phase weights and subarray deflection angles of the radiators in the three frequency bands based on the polarization matching parameter set to generate a beamforming parameter set includes the following sub-steps:

[0026] Based on the polarization matching parameter set, the amplitude and phase weight matrices and subarray deflection angle matrices of the low-frequency, mid-frequency and high-frequency radiators are constructed respectively.

[0027] Using beam pointing accuracy, sidelobe suppression, and beam overlap rate in the three frequency bands as optimization indicators, a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to perform full-band collaborative optimization of the matrix to generate optimized amplitude and phase weight parameters and subarray deflection angle parameters.

[0028] Based on the optimized parameters, the beamforming performance is verified through electromagnetic simulation until a beamforming parameter set that meets the requirements is generated.

[0029] As an improvement to the above scheme, the step of constructing a three-dimensional antenna model of the multi-beam antenna with low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency common aperture integration based on the pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feed network and the beamforming parameter set includes the following sub-steps:

[0030] The pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feed network is impedance matched and mapped with the beamforming parameter set to generate the microstrip line parameters of the low-frequency feed network and the coaxial structure parameters of the mid-to-high frequency feed network.

[0031] Based on the beamforming parameter set, determine the center coordinates of the low-frequency radiator, the mid-frequency surface distribution parameters, and the high-frequency array spacing of the three-band radiator.

[0032] Based on the center coordinates of the low-frequency radiator, the distribution parameters of the mid-frequency curved surface, and the spacing of the high-frequency array, the three-band radiators are stacked together with a common aperture to generate a three-dimensional structural model that includes the layout of the dielectric substrate and the position of the radiators.

[0033] Electromagnetic compatibility verification is performed on the three-dimensional structural model, and a common-aperture antenna model that meets the three-frequency isolation threshold and beamforming requirements is output.

[0034] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a three-band common aperture multi-beam antenna design device, comprising:

[0035] The condition generation module is used to perform electromagnetic field coupling simulation of the preset fuselage installation area in three frequency bands, including low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency, extract the forbidden area and stacking height constraint of each frequency band radiator of the multi-beam antenna, and generate the initial conditions for the three-frequency common aperture layout of the multi-beam antenna.

[0036] The structure generation module is used to perform spatial location cooperative topology optimization on the radiators of the three frequency bands based on the initial conditions, and generate the radiator layout parameters and the pre-planned structure of the three frequency feed network of the multi-beam antenna that meet the three-frequency isolation threshold.

[0037] The joint optimization module is used to generate a set of polarization matching parameters covering the three frequency bands by jointly optimizing the polarization directions of the low-frequency radiator and the mid-frequency radiator and the excitation phase of the high-frequency radiator based on the radiator layout parameters.

[0038] The multi-objective optimization module is used to perform full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization of the amplitude and phase weights and subarray deflection angles of the radiators in the three frequency bands based on the polarization matching parameter set, and generate a beamforming parameter set.

[0039] The construction module is used to construct a three-dimensional antenna model of the multi-beam antenna with low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency common aperture integration based on the pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feed network and the beamforming parameter set.

[0040] As an improvement to the above solution, the condition generation module is specifically used for:

[0041] Based on the structural parameters of the airborne platform, a three-band electromagnetic field coupling simulation model including low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency was established, and multi-physics field joint simulation was performed on the simulation model to obtain the coupling field strength distribution of the three bands in the fuselage installation area.

[0042] Based on the coupled field strength distribution, the field strength interference region of each frequency band radiator is extracted as the forbidden region, and the maximum stacking height constraint of each frequency band radiator is calculated based on the mechanical load limit of the airborne platform.

[0043] The restricted area and stacking height constraints are input into the multi-band layout optimization algorithm to generate initial conditions that satisfy the common aperture layout of the three-band radiators. The initial conditions include the minimum spacing between radiators, the stacking height range, and the installation angle threshold.

[0044] As an improvement to the above solution, the structure generation module is specifically used for:

[0045] Based on the minimum spacing between radiators and the installation angle threshold in the initial conditions, define the topology optimization variables for low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency radiators, and set the isolation threshold between the three frequency bands.

[0046] A multi-objective differential evolution algorithm is used to collaboratively optimize the position, spacing, and arrangement direction of the radiators in the three frequency bands, generating a set of candidate layout schemes that meet the isolation threshold.

[0047] Based on the candidate layout scheme set, the radiator layout parameters that meet the impedance matching requirements of the three-frequency feed network are selected through the feed network coupling degree evaluation model.

[0048] Based on the radiator layout parameters and the phase consistency requirements of the three-band feed ports, the stacked structure and routing path of the feed network are pre-planned to generate the pre-planned structure of the three-band feed network.

[0049] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a tri-band co-aperture multi-beam antenna design system, including a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the tri-band co-aperture multi-beam antenna design method described in the above-described embodiment of the invention.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0051] First, electromagnetic field coupling simulation is used to extract the forbidden regions and stacking constraints of the three-band radiators, establishing the physical boundary conditions for the multi-band co-aperture layout. Then, spatial location-coordinated topology optimization is employed to achieve a high-isolation layout of the three-band radiators and pre-planning of the feed network within a limited space. Next, joint optimization of polarization direction and excitation phase is used to solve the multi-band electromagnetic coupling problem, forming a polarization matching parameter set. Finally, full-band coordinated multi-objective optimization achieves the global optimum of beamforming parameters, ultimately constructing a three-dimensional integrated model of the three-band co-aperture. Therefore, this embodiment of the invention, through the antenna design process of "physical constraint extraction, spatial topology optimization, polarization phase matching, and multi-objective beamforming," solves the technical problems of low space utilization, severe frequency interference, and limited beam performance in traditional multi-band antenna design, achieving the synergistic effect of various technical features. In summary, the embodiments of this invention resolve multi-band radiator layout conflicts through electromagnetic field coupling simulation and spatial collaborative topology optimization, eliminate polarization phase mismatch by jointly optimizing polarization direction and excitation phase, and improve compatibility by combining pre-planning of the feed network and full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization. Ultimately, this invention achieves high-density multi-band radiator layout, precise polarization phase matching, and integrated feed network design for airborne tri-band common-aperture antennas in a compact space. It effectively overcomes the bottlenecks of frequency band interference and beamforming flexibility in traditional designs, achieving the technical effect of synergistic improvement in multi-band high isolation, low coupling interference, and multi-beam dynamic beamforming capabilities. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a three-frequency common-aperture multi-beam antenna design method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a three-frequency common-aperture multi-beam antenna design device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a three-frequency common aperture multi-beam antenna design system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] See Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a three-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna design method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The three-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna design method includes the following steps:

[0057] S10, Perform electromagnetic field coupling simulation of three frequency bands including low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency on the preset fuselage installation area, extract the forbidden area and stacking height constraint of each frequency band radiator of the multi-beam antenna, and generate the initial conditions of the three-frequency common aperture layout of the multi-beam antenna.

[0058] S11, Based on the initial conditions, perform spatial location cooperative topology optimization on the radiators of the three frequency bands to generate radiator layout parameters and pre-planned structure of the three frequency feed network that satisfy the three frequency isolation threshold for the multi-beam antenna.

[0059] S12, Based on the radiator layout parameters, by jointly optimizing the polarization directions of the low-frequency radiator and the mid-frequency radiator and the excitation phase of the high-frequency radiator, a polarization matching parameter set covering the three frequency bands is generated.

[0060] S13, Based on the polarization matching parameter set, perform full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization of the amplitude and phase weights and subarray deflection angles of the radiators in the three frequency bands to generate a beamforming parameter set;

[0061] S14. Based on the pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feed network and the beamforming parameter set, construct a three-dimensional antenna model of the multi-beam antenna with low-frequency, mid-frequency and high-frequency common aperture integration.

[0062] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0063] First, electromagnetic field coupling simulation is used to extract the forbidden regions and stacking constraints of the three-band radiators, establishing the physical boundary conditions for the multi-band co-aperture layout. Then, spatial location-coordinated topology optimization is employed to achieve a high-isolation layout of the three-band radiators and pre-planning of the feed network within a limited space. Next, joint optimization of polarization direction and excitation phase is used to solve the multi-band electromagnetic coupling problem, forming a polarization matching parameter set. Finally, full-band coordinated multi-objective optimization achieves the global optimum of beamforming parameters, ultimately constructing a three-dimensional integrated model of the three-band co-aperture. Therefore, this embodiment of the invention, through the antenna design process of "physical constraint extraction, spatial topology optimization, polarization phase matching, and multi-objective beamforming," solves the technical problems of low space utilization, severe frequency interference, and limited beam performance in traditional multi-band antenna design, achieving the synergistic effect of various technical features. In summary, the embodiments of this invention resolve multi-band radiator layout conflicts through electromagnetic field coupling simulation and spatial collaborative topology optimization, eliminate polarization phase mismatch by jointly optimizing polarization direction and excitation phase, and improve compatibility by combining pre-planning of the feed network and full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization. Ultimately, this invention achieves high-density multi-band radiator layout, precise polarization phase matching, and integrated feed network design for airborne tri-band common-aperture antennas in a compact space. It effectively overcomes the bottlenecks of frequency band interference and beamforming flexibility in traditional designs, achieving the technical effect of synergistic improvement in multi-band high isolation, low coupling interference, and multi-beam dynamic beamforming capabilities.

[0064] As one example, the electromagnetic field coupling simulation of the preset fuselage installation area, including low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency bands, is performed to extract the forbidden areas and stacking height constraints of the radiators of each frequency band of the multi-beam antenna, and to generate the initial conditions for the three-frequency common-aperture layout of the multi-beam antenna, including the following sub-steps:

[0065] Based on the structural parameters of the airborne platform, a three-band electromagnetic field coupling simulation model including low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency was established, and multi-physics field joint simulation was performed on the simulation model to obtain the coupling field strength distribution of the three bands in the fuselage installation area.

[0066] Based on the coupled field strength distribution, the field strength interference region of each frequency band radiator is extracted as the forbidden region, and the maximum stacking height constraint of each frequency band radiator is calculated based on the mechanical load limit of the airborne platform.

[0067] The restricted area and stacking height constraints are input into the multi-band layout optimization algorithm to generate initial conditions that satisfy the common aperture layout of the three-band radiators. The initial conditions include the minimum spacing between radiators, the stacking height range, and the installation angle threshold.

[0068] In this embodiment, a multi-physics joint simulation process encompassing low, mid, and high frequencies is constructed by combining the structural parameters of the airborne platform and a three-band electromagnetic field coupling simulation model. First, the coupled field strength distribution of the fuselage mounting area is generated, and the field strength interference regions of each frequency band radiator are extracted as forbidden zones. The maximum stacking height constraint of the radiators is calculated based on mechanical load limitations. Subsequently, the forbidden zones and stacking height constraints are input into a multi-band layout optimization algorithm. Taking into account electromagnetic compatibility, structural reliability, and space utilization, initial conditions (including minimum radiator spacing, stacking height range, and installation angle threshold) that satisfy the three-band radiator co-aperture layout are generated. The core of this embodiment lies in dynamically balancing electromagnetic performance and mechanical constraints through precise electromagnetic field coupling simulation and multi-physics joint optimization, ensuring efficient three-band collaborative operation of the antenna layout within a compact space. In summary, this embodiment significantly reduces inter-band interference, improves layout compactness, and ensures structural reliability, providing scientific and practical initial conditions for the three-band co-aperture design of multi-beam antennas.

[0069] Specifically, the working process of this embodiment is as follows:

[0070] Sub-step 1: To generate an accurate three-band electromagnetic field coupling simulation model, we first start with the structural parameters of the airborne platform. Assume the skin thickness of the airborne platform is... (Unit: mm), installation area is (Unit: square meters), the dielectric constant of the material is... Magnetic permeability is Mechanical load limit is (Unit: Pascal). Using these parameters, a multiphysics coupling model integrating electromagnetic field and mechanical stress is constructed.

[0071] Constructing a three-band electromagnetic field coupling model: Using an improved finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method combined with mechanical stress coupling equations, the following three-band electromagnetic field coupling model is constructed:

[0072]

[0073] Three-band (low frequency) , intermediate frequency ,high frequency The combined electric field intensity vector; : Permeability tensor, derived from Calculated from a material property database; Material conductivity, measured and fitted experimentally; Incentive source items are pre-set based on experience; Frequency band weighting coefficients are pre-set based on experience; Mechanical stress coupling term, pre-set based on experience.

[0074] The above model is solved by discretization using a three-dimensional mesh, ultimately generating the coupled field strength distribution matrix of the three frequency bands in the fuselage mounting area. Each element in the matrix Representing coordinates The amplitude of the combined electric field at that location.

[0075] Multiphysics co-simulation verification: The above model is input into multiphysics simulation software to simulate the interaction between electromagnetic fields and mechanical stress. The model parameters are adjusted through iterative optimization algorithms until the simulation results converge. For example, if it is found that the field strength in a certain region is too high, causing the mechanical stress to exceed the limit, the position of the radiator is adjusted or the input power is reduced, and the field strength distribution is recalculated.

[0076] Sub-step 2: Extracting the forbidden region: based on the field strength distribution matrix Define the field strength interference threshold The calculation formula is as follows: ; : The maximum value of the field strength distribution matrix; : Empirical attenuation coefficient, with a value range of 0.6~0.7, and set to 0.65 in this embodiment.

[0077] Mark the desired conditions using a 3D region growing algorithm. The continuous area is a no-clothing zone. Its expression is:

[0078]

[0079] The specific implementation steps of the region growing algorithm are as follows:

[0080] 1. Initialize the seed point set, selecting all points that satisfy the condition. The initial point;

[0081] 2. For each seed point, check if there are any points in its eight neighborhoods that satisfy the conditions. If so, add them to the seed point set.

[0082] 3. Repeat the above process until no new points are added to the seed point set, forming a complete forbidden region.

[0083] Calculate the maximum stack height constraint: combining the equivalent stiffness matrix of the fuselage skin and radiator mass matrix Establish the stack height constraint equation:

[0084]

[0085] : Equivalent stiffness matrix of skin; The mass matrix of the radiator is expressed as follows: , : 3×3 identity matrix The mass of a single radiator (unit: kilogram) is calculated from its geometric volume and material density. Lowest frequency band The free-space wavelength is calculated using the following formula: ,in The speed of light (unit: meters per second). The center frequency of the low-frequency band (unit: Hertz). The maximum stack height is calculated using the above formula. .

[0086] Sub-step 3: Define the restricted area With stack height The input Multi-Band Layout Optimization (MFLOA) algorithm has the following iterative formula:

[0087]

[0088] : Layout parameter vector, containing radiator coordinates, angles, and spacing; The adaptive learning rate ranges from 0.1 to 0.2, and is set to 0.15 in this embodiment. The multi-objective fitness function is defined as follows: , Frequency band isolation, in dB; The layout compactness is calculated in advance; Mechanical load margin; Weighting coefficients, with values ​​of 0.5, 0.3, and 0.2 respectively. : Forbidden zone mask matrix, elements like ,otherwise ; : Generated using a reference layout template and trained on historical data; Gaussian attenuation coefficient, with a value range of 0.1 to 0.3, and set to 0.2 in this embodiment.

[0089] Through iterative optimization of the above process, the final output initial conditions are:

[0090] 1. Minimum spacing between radiators ;

[0091] 2. Stacking height range ;

[0092] 3. Installation angle threshold .

[0093] This embodiment achieves precise constraints on the initial conditions of the three-band antenna layout by introducing an improved multiphysics coupling simulation model (integrating electromagnetic field and mechanical stress), adaptive no-distribution region extraction, and multi-band layout optimization algorithm (MFLOA).

[0094] As one example, the step of performing spatial location cooperative topology optimization on the radiators of the three frequency bands based on the initial conditions to generate radiator layout parameters and a pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feed network that satisfy the three-frequency isolation threshold for the multi-beam antenna includes the following sub-steps:

[0095] Based on the minimum spacing between radiators and the installation angle threshold in the initial conditions, define the topology optimization variables for low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency radiators, and set the isolation threshold between the three frequency bands.

[0096] A multi-objective differential evolution algorithm is used to collaboratively optimize the position, spacing, and arrangement direction of the radiators in the three frequency bands, generating a set of candidate layout schemes that meet the isolation threshold.

[0097] Based on the candidate layout scheme set, the radiator layout parameters that meet the impedance matching requirements of the three-frequency feed network are selected through the feed network coupling degree evaluation model.

[0098] Based on the radiator layout parameters and the phase consistency requirements of the three-band feed ports, the stacked structure and routing path of the feed network are pre-planned to generate the pre-planned structure of the three-band feed network.

[0099] In this embodiment, based on the initial conditions generated in the above embodiments, by defining topology optimization variables for low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency radiators and setting isolation thresholds, a multi-objective differential evolution algorithm is used to collaboratively optimize the spatial position, spacing, and arrangement direction of the radiators, generating a set of candidate layout schemes that meet the isolation requirements. Subsequently, the feed network coupling evaluation model is used to screen out the radiator layout parameters that meet the impedance matching requirements, and combined with the phase consistency requirements of the three-band feed ports, the stacked structure and routing path of the feed network are pre-planned, finally generating the pre-planned structure of the three-band feed network. Therefore, this embodiment dynamically balances electromagnetic compatibility, energy transmission efficiency, and structural compactness through the dual constraints of space optimization and feed network design: First, optimizing the radiator layout significantly improves the signal isolation performance between the three frequency bands and reduces interference between frequency bands; second, evaluating the coupling degree of the feed network ensures efficient energy transmission and reduces reflection loss and signal mismatch; finally, combining phase consistency requirements further improves the directivity and beamforming accuracy of the multi-beam antenna, thereby achieving efficient collaborative operation of the three frequency band antennas in a compact space, providing reliable technical support for the design of high-performance multi-beam antennas in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0100] Specifically, the working process of this embodiment is as follows:

[0101] Sub-step 3.1: Define topology optimization variables: based on the initial conditions generated above (including minimum spacing between radiators). Stacking height range Installation angle threshold Define the topology optimization variables for each frequency band radiator. Specific variables include:

[0102] Radiator center coordinates (Unit: millimeters);

[0103] Radiator alignment direction vector ,in The angle is the arrangement angle (unit: radians);

[0104] Radiator spacing matrix , indicating the first The radiator and the first Euclidean distance between radiators: .

[0105] Set the isolation threshold between the three frequency bands: Isolation threshold between the three frequency bands Calculated using the frequency-related formula: ; : No. Input power of the frequency band (unit: watts); : No. The interference power of a frequency band is defined as: ,in and The first frequency band and the Electric field intensity distribution in the frequency band, It refers to the volume in three-dimensional space.

[0106] In this embodiment, the isolation thresholds for each frequency band are set as follows: Low frequency : Intermediate frequency : ;high frequency : .

[0107] Sub-step 3.2: Employ the improved multi-objective differential evolution algorithm (MODEA), whose iterative formula is as follows:

[0108]

[0109] : No. The middle generation Individual (i.e., a possible radiator layout scheme); , , Three individuals were randomly selected. : Scaling factor, with a value range of 0.4 to 0.9, and set to 0.6 in this embodiment; Gradient adjustment coefficient, with a value range of 0.1 to 0.3, is set to 0.2 in this embodiment; The gradient of the objective function is defined as:

[0110]

[0111] in: Frequency band isolation; Layout compactness; Mechanical load margin; Weighting coefficient.

[0112] Candidate layout generation: Through iterative optimization of the above algorithm, a set of candidate layout schemes is generated. Each scheme includes the position, spacing, and arrangement parameters of radiators in all frequency bands.

[0113] Sub-step 3.3: Feed network coupling evaluation model: For each candidate layout scheme, construct a feed network coupling evaluation model, the model formula of which is:

[0114] , : Coupling degree of the power supply network; : No. The input impedance of each radiator (unit: ohms); Standard impedance, typically 50 ohms; Total number of radiators.

[0115] Selecting solutions that meet impedance matching requirements: Setting a feeder network coupling threshold. For each candidate layout scheme, if it satisfies... If so, then retain it as the final layout parameter.

[0116] Sub-step 3.4: Phase Consistency Constraint: The phase consistency requirements of the three-band feed port are constrained by the phase deviation formula: , : No. and the The excitation phase of each radiator (unit: radians); Phase tolerance, in this embodiment, is set to \( \pi / 6 \) (30°).

[0117] Pre-planning of the feeder network structure: Based on the radiator layout parameters, a layered feeder network design method is used to generate the three-dimensional structure of the feeder network.

[0118] 1. Microstrip line design: For low-frequency bands, a microstrip line structure is used, with a width of... and length Calculated using the following formula:

[0119] , Characteristic impedance of microstrip lines (unit: ohms), typically taken as 50 ohms; : The relative permittivity of the microstrip substrate material, dimensionless, determined by the substrate material (e.g., a typical value of about 4.4 for FR4 material). Speed ​​of light (unit: meters per second); The center frequency of the low-frequency band;

[0120] 2. Coaxial Structure Design: For mid-to-high frequency bands, a coaxial structure is adopted, with an inner conductor radius of... and outer conductor radius Calculated using the following formula:

[0121] , : Center frequency of the intermediate frequency band (unit: Hertz); : Vacuum permeability (unit: Henry / meter); ln(): Natural logarithm function, representing the logarithm of the ratio of the outer conductor radius to the inner conductor radius.

[0122] The final pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feeder network is generated, including the microstrip line parameters and coaxial structure parameters mentioned above.

[0123] This embodiment achieves spatial location-coordinated topology optimization of three-band radiators and pre-planning of the feed network by introducing an improved multi-objective differential evolution algorithm (MODEA), a feed network coupling evaluation model, and a stacked feed network design method.

[0124] As one example, the step of generating a polarization matching parameter set covering the three frequency bands by jointly optimizing the polarization directions of the low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators and the excitation phase of the high-frequency radiator based on the radiator layout parameters includes the following sub-steps:

[0125] Based on the arrangement direction of the low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators in the radiator layout parameters, an optimization model for the polarization direction of the low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators is established, and the polarization angle adjustment amount of the low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators is generated through the orthogonal polarization matching algorithm.

[0126] Based on the array arrangement characteristics of high-frequency radiators, a phase compensation model for the excitation phase of high-frequency radiators is established, and the excitation phase compensation value of the high-frequency radiators is generated through a phase gradient optimization algorithm.

[0127] The polarization angle adjustment and the excitation phase compensation value are jointly iteratively optimized to generate a polarization matching parameter set covering three frequency bands, including polarization direction angle, phase compensation weight and polarization isolation parameter.

[0128] In this embodiment, based on the radiator layout parameters generated in the above embodiments, a polarization matching parameter set covering three frequency bands is constructed by jointly optimizing the polarization directions of low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators and the excitation phase of high-frequency radiators: First, a polarization direction optimization model is established according to the arrangement direction of low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators, and an orthogonal polarization matching algorithm is used to generate polarization angle adjustment to improve the polarization isolation between low-frequency and mid-frequency; Second, a phase compensation model for the excitation phase is established in combination with the array arrangement characteristics of high-frequency radiators, and a phase gradient optimization algorithm is used to generate the excitation phase compensation value of high-frequency radiators to ensure the directionality and phase consistency of the high-frequency beam; Finally, the polarization angle adjustment and the excitation phase compensation value are jointly iteratively optimized to generate a three-band polarization matching parameter set including polarization direction angle, phase compensation weight, and polarization isolation parameters. This embodiment uses frequency band optimization and joint iteration to dynamically coordinate the polarization characteristics and phase distribution of the three frequency bands, reduce inter-band interference, and improve the overall performance of the antenna. This embodiment significantly enhances the polarization matching capability of the three frequency band signals, reduces cross-polarization interference, and improves the pointing accuracy of high-frequency beams and the consistency of multi-beamforming, providing a reliable guarantee for the efficient operation of the three-frequency common-aperture antenna in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0129] Specifically, the working process of this embodiment is as follows:

[0130] Sub-step 4.1: Polarization direction optimization model: based on the arrangement direction vectors of low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators and A polarization direction optimization model is established. The model formula is as follows:

[0131]

[0132] : Polarization angle between low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators (unit: radians); The dot product of two vectors; and : respectively and The length of the module.

[0133] Orthogonal Polarization Matching Algorithm: An improved orthogonal polarization matching algorithm (OPMA) is adopted, and its iterative formula is as follows:

[0134] , : No. Polarization angle adjustment amount for each iteration (unit: radians); The learning rate ranges from 0.05 to 0.1, and is set to 0.08 in this embodiment. The polarization matching degree function is defined as follows: , : No. The polarization angle between low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators; : Logarithm of radiators.

[0135] Through the above iterative optimization, the polarization angle adjustment amounts for low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators are finally generated. and .

[0136] Sub-step 4.2: Establish a phase compensation model based on the array arrangement characteristics of the high-frequency radiators. Assume the center coordinates of the high-frequency radiators are... Its excitation phase Calculated using the following formula:

[0137]

[0138] : No. The excitation phase of each high-frequency radiator (unit: radians); : Free space wavelength in the high-frequency band (unit: meters); : Coordinates of the reference point (usually the center point of the antenna).

[0139] Phase gradient optimization algorithm: The improved phase gradient optimization algorithm (PGOA) is adopted, and its iterative formula is as follows:

[0140] , : No. Phase compensation value for the next iteration (unit: radians); Step size factor, with a value range of 0.1 to 0.3, is set to 0.2 in this embodiment; Phase coherence function, defined as: , Reference phase (unit: radians); Total number of high-frequency radiators.

[0141] Through iterative optimization of the above algorithm, the excitation phase compensation value of the high-frequency radiator is finally generated. .

[0142] Sub-step 4.3: Adjust the polarization angle of the low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators. And the excitation phase compensation value of the high-frequency radiator Using these as input variables, a joint iterative optimization model is constructed. The model formula is: , : No. The optimization variable vector for the next iteration contains and ; The joint optimization step size ranges from 0.05 to 0.2, and is set to 0.1 in this embodiment. The multi-objective fitness function is defined as follows:

[0143] , Polarization matching degree; Phase consistency; Polarization isolation; Weighting coefficient.

[0144] Polarization matching parameter set generation: Through the joint iterative optimization model described above, a polarization matching parameter set covering three frequency bands is finally generated, including: polarization direction angle. , Phase compensation weights Polarization isolation parameter .

[0145] This embodiment achieves precise matching between the polarization direction and the excitation phase of the three-band radiator by introducing an improved orthogonal polarization matching algorithm (OPMA), a phase gradient optimization algorithm (PGOA), and a joint iterative optimization model.

[0146] As one example, the step of performing full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization of the amplitude and phase weights and subarray deflection angles of the radiators in the three frequency bands based on the polarization matching parameter set to generate a beamforming parameter set includes the following sub-steps:

[0147] Based on the polarization matching parameter set, the amplitude and phase weight matrices and subarray deflection angle matrices of the low-frequency, mid-frequency and high-frequency radiators are constructed respectively.

[0148] Using beam pointing accuracy, sidelobe suppression, and beam overlap rate in the three frequency bands as optimization indicators, a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to perform full-band collaborative optimization of the matrix to generate optimized amplitude and phase weight parameters and subarray deflection angle parameters.

[0149] Based on the optimized parameters, the beamforming performance is verified through electromagnetic simulation until a beamforming parameter set that meets the requirements is generated.

[0150] In this embodiment, based on the polarization matching parameter set generated in the above embodiments, amplitude and phase weight matrices and subarray deflection angle matrices of low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency radiators are constructed respectively. With beam pointing accuracy, sidelobe suppression, and beam overlap rate across the three frequency bands as optimization objectives, a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to collaboratively optimize the amplitude and phase weights and subarray deflection angles across the entire frequency band, generating optimized parameters. Subsequently, electromagnetic simulation is used to verify beamforming performance, iterating repeatedly until a beamforming parameter set meeting the requirements is generated. This embodiment, through the joint optimization of polarization matching, amplitude and phase weights, and subarray deflection angles, dynamically coordinates the beam characteristics of the three frequency bands, achieving continuity and efficiency of full-band signal coverage. This embodiment significantly improves the accuracy and stability of beam pointing, effectively suppresses sidelobe interference, and enhances the coverage consistency of the three frequency bands, providing scientific and practical design support for high-performance beamforming of multi-beam antennas in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0151] Specifically, the working process of this embodiment is as follows:

[0152] Sub-step 5.1: Based on the polarization matching parameter set (polarization direction angle) Phase compensation weight Construct amplitude and phase weight matrices for each frequency band. ( Its elements Defined as:

[0153] , : No. frequency band Line number Amplitude weighting of radiators; : No. frequency band Line number Phase weights of the radiators; Phase compensation amount, derived from the polarization matching parameter set. It is obtained through interpolation.

[0154] Subarray deflection angle matrix construction: Construct the subarray deflection angle matrix according to beam coverage requirements. Its elements Defined as: , : Coordinates of the center of the subarray; : No. Deflection angle compensation for the frequency band.

[0155] Sub-step 5.2: Employ the improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm, with the following iterative formula:

[0156]

[0157] : No. The particle in the first The th iteration in the Dimensional speed; : No. The particle in the first The th iteration in the Dimensional position; Inertia weight; Learning factors, set to 2.0 and 2.0 respectively; : A random number in the range [0,1]; : No. The historical optimal position of each particle; : Global optimal position.

[0158] Optimize indicator definition:

[0159] 1. Beam pointing accuracy: ,

[0160] 2. Sidelobe suppression: ,in and The first Sidelobe power and main lobe power in the frequency band.

[0161] 3. Three-band beam overlap rate: ,in For the first The beam coverage area of ​​the frequency band.

[0162] Optimization results: The optimized amplitude and phase weight parameters are generated through iterative optimization using the MOPSO algorithm. Subarray deflection angle parameters .

[0163] Sub-step 5.3: Electromagnetic simulation verification process:

[0164] 1. Input parameters: The optimized parameters and Input electromagnetic simulation software (such as HFSS or CST electromagnetic simulation software).

[0165] 2. Performance Evaluation:

[0166] Calculate the beam pointing error for each frequency band. (Requires ≤1°);

[0167] Calculate the sidelobe level ratio (Requires ≤20dB);

[0168] Calculate beam overlap rate (Requires ≥85%)

[0169] 3. Iterative optimization: If the performance does not meet the requirements, adjust the weight coefficients of the MOPSO algorithm. (corresponding to beam pointing, sidelobe suppression, and beam overlap rate respectively), re-execute sub-step 5.2.

[0170] Beamforming parameter set generation: When all performance indicators meet the threshold, the final beamforming parameter set is output, including:

[0171] Optimized amplitude and phase weight matrix ;

[0172] Optimized subarray deflection angle matrix .

[0173] This embodiment achieves full-band collaborative optimization of beamforming parameters across three frequency bands by introducing an improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm, a dynamic amplitude and phase weight matrix, and a subarray deflection angle optimization model.

[0174] As one example, the construction of a three-dimensional antenna model integrating low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency components of the multi-beam antenna based on the pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feed network and the beamforming parameter set includes the following sub-steps:

[0175] The pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feed network is impedance matched and mapped with the beamforming parameter set to generate the microstrip line parameters of the low-frequency feed network and the coaxial structure parameters of the mid-to-high frequency feed network.

[0176] Based on the center coordinates of the low-frequency radiator, the distribution parameters of the mid-frequency curved surface, and the spacing of the high-frequency array, the three-band radiators are stacked together with a common aperture to generate a three-dimensional structural model that includes the layout of the dielectric substrate and the position of the radiators.

[0177] Electromagnetic compatibility verification is performed on the three-dimensional structural model, and a common-aperture antenna model that meets the three-frequency isolation threshold and beamforming requirements is output.

[0178] In this embodiment, based on the beamforming parameter set and the pre-planned structure of the three-band feed network generated in the above embodiments, impedance matching mapping is performed to generate the microstrip line parameters of the low-frequency feed network and the coaxial structure parameters of the mid-to-high frequency feed network, ensuring efficient energy transfer between the feed networks and radiators in each frequency band. Subsequently, according to the center coordinates of the low-frequency radiator, the mid-frequency surface distribution parameters, and the high-frequency array spacing, the three-band radiators are assembled in a common-aperture stack, constructing a three-dimensional structural model including the dielectric substrate layout and radiator positions, realizing multi-band collaborative layout in a compact space. Finally, by verifying the electromagnetic compatibility of the three-dimensional structural model, a common-aperture antenna model that meets the requirements of three-band isolation and beamforming is output. This embodiment dynamically balances the signal isolation, space utilization, and beam performance of the three frequency bands through joint optimization of the feed network and radiator layout and electromagnetic compatibility verification. This embodiment significantly improves the integration and electromagnetic compatibility of the antenna system, effectively reduces inter-band interference, and ensures beamforming accuracy and coverage continuity, providing reliable technical support for the design of high-performance multi-beam antennas in complex environments.

[0179] Specifically, the working process of this embodiment is as follows:

[0180] Sub-step 6.1: To achieve impedance matching in the three-band feeder network, an impedance matching mapping model is constructed, and its model formula is as follows:

[0181]

[0182] : No. Matching impedance (in ohms) for a frequency band is used to guide the design of microstrip lines or coaxial structures; Standard characteristic impedance (usually 50 ohms); Quality factor, calculated using the following formula: , : No. The equivalent resistance (unit: ohms) of the frequency band is extracted from electromagnetic simulation; : No. The equivalent reactance (in ohms) of the frequency band is calculated from the amplitude and phase weighting matrix and the subarray deflection angle matrix in the beamforming parameter set: , : No. frequency band Line number The amplitude and phase weights of the radiators (dimensionless) are provided by the beamforming parameter set; : No. frequency band Line number The subarray deflection angle (in radians) of the array radiators is provided by the beamforming parameter set. : No. Angular frequency of the frequency band (unit: radians / second); Target center angular frequency (unit: radians / second).

[0183] Microstrip line parameter generation (low frequency band): For the low frequency band, based on the matching impedance... Based on the microstrip line design formula in the pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feeder network, the microstrip line parameters are calculated:

[0184] 1. Microstrip linewidth : , The relative permittivity of the substrate material; : Center frequency of the low-frequency band (unit: Hertz).

[0185] 2. Microstrip line length : .

[0186] Coaxial structure parameter generation (intermediate and high frequency bands):

[0187] For the mid-frequency and high-frequency bands, the coaxial structure parameters are calculated based on the matching impedance and the coaxial structure design formula in the pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feeder network:

[0188] 1. Inner conductor radius : , The first frequency band of intermediate and high frequency bands The matching impedance (unit: ohms) for the frequency band is calculated using the impedance matching mapping model; Vacuum permeability (unit: Henry / meter); : No. The center frequency of the frequency band (unit: Hertz).

[0189] 2. Outer conductor radius : .

[0190] The microstrip line parameters of the final low-frequency feed network are generated. and coaxial structure parameters of medium and high frequency power supply networks .

[0191] Sub-step 6.2: Based on the amplitude and phase weight matrix in the beamforming parameter set Subarray deflection angle matrix The spatial locations of the low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency radiators were determined respectively:

[0192] 1. Low-frequency radiator: based on the central coordinate matrix Arranged on a plane or curved surface;

[0193] 2. Mid-frequency radiator: Based on surface distribution parameters (such as spherical radius) ), distributed in three-dimensional space;

[0194] 3. High-frequency radiator: based on the array arrangement spacing matrix Arranged on a plane or curved surface.

[0195] Laminated assembly: constraining low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency radiators according to their stack height. The parts are assembled to form a unified three-dimensional structural model.

[0196] Sub-step 6.3: Calculate the isolation between each pair of frequency bands. : , : No. Input power of the frequency band; : No. Frequency band for the first Interference power in the frequency band.

[0197] Beamforming performance verification: Calculate beam pointing error (≤1°); calculate sidelobe suppression ratio (≤20dB); calculate beam overlap ratio (≥85%). When all indicators meet the requirements, output the final common-aperture antenna model.

[0198] This embodiment generates a common-aperture antenna model that meets the requirements of tri-band isolation and beamforming by impedance matching mapping and radiator layout optimization, which significantly improves the overall performance of the antenna system.

[0199] See Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a three-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna design device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The three-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna design device includes:

[0200] The condition generation module 10 is used to perform electromagnetic field coupling simulation of the preset fuselage installation area in three frequency bands including low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency, extract the forbidden area and stacking height constraint of each frequency band radiator of the multi-beam antenna, and generate the initial conditions of the three-frequency common aperture layout of the multi-beam antenna.

[0201] The structure generation module 11 is used to perform spatial position cooperative topology optimization on the radiators of the three frequency bands based on the initial conditions, and generate the radiator layout parameters and the three-frequency feed network pre-planned structure of the multi-beam antenna that meet the three-frequency isolation threshold.

[0202] The joint optimization module 12 is used to generate a set of polarization matching parameters covering the three frequency bands by jointly optimizing the polarization directions of the low-frequency radiator and the mid-frequency radiator and the excitation phase of the high-frequency radiator according to the radiator layout parameters.

[0203] The multi-objective optimization module 13 is used to perform full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization of the amplitude and phase weights and subarray deflection angles of the radiators in the three frequency bands based on the polarization matching parameter set, and generate a beamforming parameter set.

[0204] The construction module 14 is used to construct a three-dimensional antenna model of the multi-beam antenna with low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency common aperture integration based on the pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feed network and the beamforming parameter set.

[0205] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0206] First, electromagnetic field coupling simulation is used to extract the forbidden regions and stacking constraints of the three-band radiators, establishing the physical boundary conditions for the multi-band co-aperture layout. Then, spatial location-coordinated topology optimization is employed to achieve a high-isolation layout of the three-band radiators and pre-planning of the feed network within a limited space. Next, joint optimization of polarization direction and excitation phase is used to solve the multi-band electromagnetic coupling problem, forming a polarization matching parameter set. Finally, full-band coordinated multi-objective optimization achieves the global optimum of beamforming parameters, ultimately constructing a three-dimensional integrated model of the three-band co-aperture. Therefore, this embodiment of the invention, through the antenna design process of "physical constraint extraction, spatial topology optimization, polarization phase matching, and multi-objective beamforming," solves the technical problems of low space utilization, severe frequency interference, and limited beam performance in traditional multi-band antenna design, achieving the synergistic effect of various technical features. In summary, the embodiments of this invention resolve multi-band radiator layout conflicts through electromagnetic field coupling simulation and spatial collaborative topology optimization, eliminate polarization phase mismatch by jointly optimizing polarization direction and excitation phase, and improve compatibility by combining pre-planning of the feed network and full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization. Ultimately, this invention achieves high-density multi-band radiator layout, precise polarization phase matching, and integrated feed network design for airborne tri-band common-aperture antennas in a compact space. It effectively overcomes the bottlenecks of frequency band interference and beamforming flexibility in traditional designs, achieving the technical effect of synergistic improvement in multi-band high isolation, low coupling interference, and multi-beam dynamic beamforming capabilities.

[0207] As one example, the condition generation module is specifically used for:

[0208] Based on the structural parameters of the airborne platform, a three-band electromagnetic field coupling simulation model including low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency was established, and multi-physics field joint simulation was performed on the simulation model to obtain the coupling field strength distribution of the three bands in the fuselage installation area.

[0209] Based on the coupled field strength distribution, the field strength interference region of each frequency band radiator is extracted as the forbidden region, and the maximum stacking height constraint of each frequency band radiator is calculated based on the mechanical load limit of the airborne platform.

[0210] The restricted area and stacking height constraints are input into the multi-band layout optimization algorithm to generate initial conditions that satisfy the common aperture layout of the three-band radiators. The initial conditions include the minimum spacing between radiators, the stacking height range, and the installation angle threshold.

[0211] As one example, the structure generation module is specifically used for:

[0212] Based on the minimum spacing between radiators and the installation angle threshold in the initial conditions, define the topology optimization variables for low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency radiators, and set the isolation threshold between the three frequency bands.

[0213] A multi-objective differential evolution algorithm is used to collaboratively optimize the position, spacing, and arrangement direction of the radiators in the three frequency bands, generating a set of candidate layout schemes that meet the isolation threshold.

[0214] Based on the candidate layout scheme set, the radiator layout parameters that meet the impedance matching requirements of the three-frequency feed network are selected through the feed network coupling degree evaluation model.

[0215] Based on the radiator layout parameters and the phase consistency requirements of the three-band feed ports, the stacked structure and routing path of the feed network are pre-planned to generate the pre-planned structure of the three-band feed network.

[0216] It is understood that the relevant embodiments of the above-mentioned three-frequency co-aperture multi-beam antenna design device can be referred to the contents of the above-mentioned three-frequency co-aperture multi-beam antenna design method embodiments, and will not be elaborated here.

[0217] See Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a tri-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna design system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The tri-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna design system of this embodiment includes: a processor 100, a memory 101, and a computer program stored in the memory 101 and executable on the processor 100, such as a tri-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna design program. When the processor 100 executes the computer program, it implements the steps in the various tri-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna design method embodiments described above. Alternatively, when the processor 100 executes the computer program, it implements the functions of each module / unit in the various device embodiments described above.

[0218] For example, the computer program can be divided into one or more modules / units, which are stored in the memory and executed by the processor to complete the present invention. The one or more modules / units can be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing specific functions, which describe the execution process of the computer program in the tri-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna design system.

[0219] The tri-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna design system can be a computing device such as a desktop computer, laptop, handheld computer, or cloud server. The tri-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna design system may include, but is not limited to, a processor and memory. Those skilled in the art will understand that the schematic diagram is merely an example of a tri-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna design system and does not constitute a limitation on the tri-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna design system. It may include more or fewer components than illustrated, or combine certain components, or use different components. For example, the tri-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna design system may also include input / output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0220] The processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. This processor is the control center of the tri-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna design system, connecting all parts of the system via various interfaces and lines.

[0221] The memory can be used to store the computer programs and / or modules. The processor implements various functions of the tri-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna design system by running or executing the computer programs and / or modules stored in the memory, and by calling the data stored in the memory. The memory may mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system, at least one application program required for a function (such as sound playback function, image playback function, etc.), etc.; the data storage area may store data created according to the use of the mobile phone (such as audio data, phonebook, etc.). In addition, the memory may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as hard disk, memory, plug-in hard disk, smart media card (SMC), secure digital (SD) card, flash card, at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device.

[0222] The modules / units integrated in the tri-frequency co-aperture multi-beam antenna design system, if implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the above embodiments of the present invention can also be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various method embodiments described above. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution media, etc. It should be noted that the content contained in the computer-readable medium may be appropriately added to or subtracted from the content as required by the legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, the computer-readable medium may not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0223] It should be noted that the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Furthermore, in the accompanying drawings of the device embodiments provided by this invention, the connection relationships between modules indicate that they have communication connections, which can be specifically implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0224] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A design method for a three-frequency common-aperture multi-beam antenna, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Electromagnetic field coupling simulation of three frequency bands including low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency is performed on the preset fuselage installation area. The forbidden area and stacking height constraint of each frequency band radiator of the multi-beam antenna are extracted to generate the initial conditions of the three-frequency common aperture layout of the multi-beam antenna. Based on the initial conditions, spatial location cooperative topology optimization is performed on the radiators of the three frequency bands to generate radiator layout parameters and pre-planned structure of the three frequency feed network that satisfy the three-frequency isolation threshold for the multi-beam antenna. Based on the radiator layout parameters, a polarization matching parameter set covering the three frequency bands is generated by jointly optimizing the polarization directions of the low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators and the excitation phase of the high-frequency radiator. Based on the polarization matching parameter set, the amplitude and phase weights and subarray deflection angles of the radiators in the three frequency bands are optimized in a multi-objective manner across the entire frequency band to generate a beamforming parameter set. Based on the pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feed network and the beamforming parameter set, a three-dimensional antenna model integrating low-frequency, mid-frequency and high-frequency common apertures of the multi-beam antenna is constructed. The step of performing electromagnetic field coupling simulation on the preset fuselage installation area, including low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency bands, extracting the forbidden areas and stacking height constraints of the radiators of each frequency band of the multi-beam antenna, and generating the initial conditions for the three-frequency common-aperture layout of the multi-beam antenna, includes the following sub-steps: Based on the structural parameters of the airborne platform, a three-band electromagnetic field coupling simulation model including low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency was established, and multi-physics field joint simulation was performed on the simulation model to obtain the coupling field strength distribution of the three bands in the fuselage installation area. Based on the coupled field strength distribution, the field strength interference region of each frequency band radiator is extracted as the forbidden region, and the maximum stacking height constraint of each frequency band radiator is calculated based on the mechanical load limit of the airborne platform. The restricted area and stacking height constraints are input into the multi-band layout optimization algorithm to generate initial conditions that satisfy the common aperture layout of the three-band radiators. The initial conditions include the minimum spacing between radiators, the stacking height range, and the installation angle threshold.

2. The design method for a three-frequency common-aperture multi-beam antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the initial conditions, the spatial location cooperative topology optimization of the radiators in the three frequency bands is performed to generate the radiator layout parameters and the pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feed network for the multi-beam antenna that satisfy the three-frequency isolation threshold. This includes the following sub-steps: Based on the minimum spacing between radiators and the installation angle threshold in the initial conditions, define the topology optimization variables for low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency radiators, and set the isolation threshold between the three frequency bands; A multi-objective differential evolution algorithm is used to collaboratively optimize the position, spacing, and arrangement direction of the radiators in the three frequency bands, generating a set of candidate layout schemes that meet the isolation threshold. Based on the candidate layout scheme set, the radiator layout parameters that meet the impedance matching requirements of the three-frequency feed network are selected through the feed network coupling degree evaluation model. Based on the radiator layout parameters and the phase consistency requirements of the three-band feed ports, the stacked structure and routing path of the feed network are pre-planned to generate the pre-planned structure of the three-band feed network.

3. The design method for a three-frequency common-aperture multi-beam antenna as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The step of generating a polarization matching parameter set covering the three frequency bands by jointly optimizing the polarization directions of the low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators and the excitation phase of the high-frequency radiator based on the radiator layout parameters includes the following sub-steps: Based on the arrangement direction of the low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators in the radiator layout parameters, an optimization model for the polarization direction of the low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators is established, and the polarization angle adjustment amount of the low-frequency and mid-frequency radiators is generated through the orthogonal polarization matching algorithm. Based on the array arrangement characteristics of high-frequency radiators, a phase compensation model for the excitation phase of high-frequency radiators is established, and the excitation phase compensation value of the high-frequency radiators is generated through a phase gradient optimization algorithm. The polarization angle adjustment and the excitation phase compensation value are jointly iteratively optimized to generate a polarization matching parameter set covering three frequency bands, including polarization direction angle, phase compensation weight and polarization isolation parameter.

4. The design method for a three-frequency common-aperture multi-beam antenna as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The step of performing full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization of the amplitude and phase weights and subarray deflection angles of the radiators in the three frequency bands based on the polarization matching parameter set to generate a beamforming parameter set includes the following sub-steps: Based on the polarization matching parameter set, the amplitude and phase weight matrices and subarray deflection angle matrices of the low-frequency, mid-frequency and high-frequency radiators are constructed respectively. Using beam pointing accuracy, sidelobe suppression, and beam overlap rate in the three frequency bands as optimization indicators, a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to perform full-band collaborative optimization of the matrix to generate optimized amplitude and phase weight parameters and subarray deflection angle parameters. Based on the optimized parameters, the beamforming performance is verified through electromagnetic simulation until a beamforming parameter set that meets the requirements is generated.

5. The design method for a three-frequency common-aperture multi-beam antenna as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The step of constructing a three-dimensional antenna model of the multi-beam antenna with low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency common aperture integration based on the pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feed network and the beamforming parameter set includes the following sub-steps: The pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feed network is impedance matched and mapped with the beamforming parameter set to generate the microstrip line parameters of the low-frequency feed network and the coaxial structure parameters of the mid-to-high frequency feed network. Based on the beamforming parameter set, determine the center coordinates of the low-frequency radiator, the mid-frequency surface distribution parameters, and the high-frequency array spacing of the three-band radiator. Based on the center coordinates of the low-frequency radiator, the distribution parameters of the mid-frequency curved surface, and the spacing of the high-frequency array, the three-band radiators are stacked together with a common aperture to generate a three-dimensional structural model that includes the layout of the dielectric substrate and the position of the radiators. Electromagnetic compatibility verification is performed on the three-dimensional structural model, and a common-aperture antenna model that meets the three-frequency isolation threshold and beamforming requirements is output.

6. A design device for a three-frequency common-aperture multi-beam antenna, characterized in that, include: The condition generation module is used to perform electromagnetic field coupling simulation of the preset fuselage installation area in three frequency bands, including low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency, extract the forbidden area and stacking height constraint of each frequency band radiator of the multi-beam antenna, and generate the initial conditions for the three-frequency common aperture layout of the multi-beam antenna. The structure generation module is used to perform spatial location cooperative topology optimization on the radiators of the three frequency bands based on the initial conditions, and generate the radiator layout parameters and the pre-planned structure of the three frequency feed network of the multi-beam antenna that meet the three-frequency isolation threshold. The joint optimization module is used to generate a set of polarization matching parameters covering the three frequency bands by jointly optimizing the polarization directions of the low-frequency radiator and the mid-frequency radiator and the excitation phase of the high-frequency radiator based on the radiator layout parameters. The multi-objective optimization module is used to perform full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization of the amplitude and phase weights and subarray deflection angles of the radiators in the three frequency bands based on the polarization matching parameter set, and generate a beamforming parameter set. The construction module is used to construct a three-dimensional antenna model of the multi-beam antenna with low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency common aperture integration based on the pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feed network and the beamforming parameter set; Specifically, the condition generation module is used for: Based on the structural parameters of the airborne platform, a three-band electromagnetic field coupling simulation model including low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency was established, and multi-physics field joint simulation was performed on the simulation model to obtain the coupling field strength distribution of the three bands in the fuselage installation area. Based on the coupled field strength distribution, the field strength interference region of each frequency band radiator is extracted as the forbidden region, and the maximum stacking height constraint of each frequency band radiator is calculated based on the mechanical load limit of the airborne platform. The restricted area and stacking height constraints are input into the multi-band layout optimization algorithm to generate initial conditions that satisfy the common aperture layout of the three-band radiators. The initial conditions include the minimum spacing between radiators, the stacking height range, and the installation angle threshold.

7. The tri-frequency common-aperture multi-beam antenna design device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The structure generation module is specifically used for: Based on the minimum spacing between radiators and the installation angle threshold in the initial conditions, define the topology optimization variables for low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency radiators, and set the isolation threshold between the three frequency bands; A multi-objective differential evolution algorithm is used to collaboratively optimize the position, spacing, and arrangement direction of the radiators in the three frequency bands, generating a set of candidate layout schemes that meet the isolation threshold. Based on the candidate layout scheme set, the radiator layout parameters that meet the impedance matching requirements of the three-frequency feed network are selected through the feed network coupling degree evaluation model. Based on the radiator layout parameters and the phase consistency requirements of the three-band feed ports, the stacked structure and routing path of the feed network are pre-planned to generate the pre-planned structure of the three-band feed network.

8. A three-frequency common-aperture multi-beam antenna design system, characterized in that, The device includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the tri-band co-aperture multi-beam antenna design method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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