A multifunctional circulating water tank test device and method for simulating the destruction of a river bank slope under the action of scouring and seepage

Abstract

A multifunctional circulating flume test device and method for simulating riverbank slope damage under scouring and seepage effects belongs to the field of hydraulic engineering technology. Its water supply system includes pipelines, a water supply tank, a water pump, a leveling tower, and a drainage trough for providing water flow and drainage. The flume system includes a water intake trough, an energy dissipator, a circulating flume, a limiting module, and a tailgate for providing water flow channels and riverbank plasticity. The filtration system includes a filter pool, filter plates, and baffles for filtering and settling particles in the water and providing circulating water flow. The support system includes an adjustable support for supporting the entire circulating flume and providing slope. This invention overcomes the shortcomings of existing flume devices in simulating riverbank collapse tests due to fixed river morphology and limited functionality. It can simulate the scouring and damage process of straight riverbanks and study the scouring and damage process of concave and convex banks under varying bend conditions, providing theoretical and technical support for ecological bank protection engineering design and riverbank disaster prevention and mitigation. It can meet the multifunctional needs of scientific research and engineering practice.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water conservancy engineering and ecological slope protection technology, and relates to a flume test device and method for erosion and damage of riverbank slopes in meandering rivers, and more particularly to a multifunctional circulating flume test device and method for simulating riverbank slope damage under scouring and seepage. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of disaster prevention and mitigation in water conservancy projects and river ecological management, the study of bank slope instability mechanisms has always been a core issue in ensuring the safety of dikes. Especially in the meandering sections of some major rivers, influenced by the migration of the hydrodynamic axis of bends, the erosion rate of concave banks can reach tens of meters per year, forming a vicious cycle of "bank collapse-inflow-erosion retreat." Statistics show that in the past decade alone, over ten thousand acres of farmland have been damaged by bank collapses in bend sections of rivers, directly threatening the safety of residents and construction projects along the banks. Therefore, accurately revealing the failure mechanism of riverbank slopes in bends under the action of water flow has become an urgent engineering and technical challenge.

[0003] Currently, there is a certain research foundation for simulation experiments on riverbank erosion. For example, existing scholars have simulated the effects of different bank slope types, flow rates, soil properties, slope gradients, heights, and vegetation on bank collapse through numerous small and medium-sized flume experiments, resulting in a series of innovative findings. However, these existing studies still have many shortcomings, specifically in the following aspects:

[0004] First, most existing studies focus only on the failure and instability mechanisms of riverbanks under water erosion, rarely considering the impact of different curvatures, sediment concentrations, and vegetation on riverbank damage. This limits the application of experimental results to riverbank protection structures in complex bends. Second, most existing flume structures are rigidly fixed, unable to achieve continuous adjustment of the bend curvature radius and central angle, resulting in poor generalization of bend circulation intensity and sediment transport patterns. Third, existing experimental devices are mostly single-function flumes, unable to meet the needs of studying the failure mechanisms of riverbanks under complex and multi-factor conditions. Most flume devices only study the erosion failure mechanisms of straight sections or single concave or convex banks, failing to form effective comparative studies for various conditions. These technical deficiencies severely restrict the quantitative characterization of the progressive failure process of riverbanks under complex erosion modes.

[0005] To overcome the aforementioned shortcomings, this invention proposes a multifunctional circulating flume test device and method for simulating riverbank slope damage under scouring and seepage. Based on these technical challenges, this invention constructs a multi-parameter, collaboratively controllable concave modular bank slope test system, breaking through the technical constraints of traditional models' "single function and static nature." This provides an advanced experimental research platform for revealing the mechanisms of bank failure, serving the national strategic needs of river ecological protection and high-quality development. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multifunctional circulating water flume test device and method for simulating riverbank slope damage under scouring and seepage. It aims to solve a number of technical defects in the existing technology in the process of simulating bank slope damage. Specifically, the existing technology cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of simulating the scouring and seepage erosion of embankments and concave and convex riverbanks, and cannot simulate the impact of riverbeds with changing river shape and curvature on bank collapse.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A multifunctional circulating water tank test device for simulating riverbank slope damage under scouring and seepage effects includes a water supply system, a water tank system, a filtration system, and a support system. The water supply system includes pipelines 1, a water supply tank 2, a water pump 3, a leveling tower 4, and a drainage trough 5, used to provide the required water flow and drainage for the experiment. The water tank system includes a water intake trough 6, an energy dissipator 7, a circulating water tank 8, a limiting module, and a tailgate 15, used to provide the required water flow channel and riverbank plasticity for the experiment. The filtration system includes a filter pool, a filter plate 19, and a baffle plate 20, used to filter and settle particles in the water and provide circulating water flow. The support system includes an adjustable support 21, used to support the entire circulating water tank and provide a certain slope. Specifically:

[0009] Pipeline 1 is connected to water supply tank 2 and is used to inject water into water supply tank 2; water pump 3 is connected to water supply tank 2 and leveling tower 4 and is used to introduce water from water supply tank 2 into leveling tower 4; drainage trough 5 is connected to water supply tank 2 and leveling tower 4 and is used to discharge excess water in leveling tower 4 into water supply tank 2; water inlet trough 6 is connected to circulating water trough 8, and circulating water trough 8 is equipped with energy dissipator 7, five limit modules, bank slope 14 and tailgate 15. Bank slope 14 is the soil of the experimental research object and is used to simulate a real bank slope. Tailgate 15 is used to adjust and control the water level; the first filter pool 16 is equipped with filter plate 19 and baffle plate 20 and is used to filter silt and extend the water flow filtration path; leveling tower 4 and circulating water trough 8 are both supported by adjustable bracket 21, which can adjust its height to adapt to different slopes.

[0010] The five limiting modules in the water tank system include a first limiting module 9, a second limiting module 10, a third limiting module 11, a fourth limiting module 12, and a fifth limiting module 13. The filter tanks in the filtration system include a first filter tank 16, a second filter tank 17, and a third filter tank 18, and each filter tank is equipped with a filter plate 19.

[0011] Furthermore, the pipeline 1 includes an inlet pipeline 1-1, a drain pipeline 1-2, and a connecting pipeline 1-3; the inlet pipeline 1-1 is sequentially connected to a water source, a water supply tank 2, a water pump 3, and a level water tower 4, providing an inlet channel; the connecting pipeline 1-3 sequentially connects the water supply tank, the first filter tank 16, the second filter tank 17, and the third filter tank 18 to achieve water circulation; the drain pipeline 1-2 is located on the connecting pipeline connecting the water supply tank 2 and the first filter tank 16, and is used to discharge water into the room.

[0012] Furthermore, the water supply tank 2 includes a lower outlet 2-1, an upper outlet 2-2, and a valve 2-3. The lower outlet 2-1 and the upper outlet 2-2 are located on one side wall of the water supply tank 1, the first filter tank 16, the second filter tank 17, and the third filter tank 18. A valve is provided above the upper outlet 2-2, which is connected to the connecting pipe 1-3 of the pipeline 1. The water flow channel can be adjusted by controlling the valve.

[0013] Furthermore, the water level tower 4 includes a tower body 4-1, a drain hole 4-2, a drain gate 4-3, a water outlet 4-4, and a water outlet gate 4-5. The tower body 4-1 stores water. The size of the drain hole 4-2 is adjusted by adjusting the drain gate 4-3 to regulate the water head height inside the tower body. The size of the water outlet 4-4 is adjusted by adjusting the water outlet gate 4-5 to regulate the inflow rate of the circulating water tank 8.

[0014] Furthermore, one end of the drainage trough 5 is connected to the leveling tower 4, and its slope can be adjusted according to the size of the drainage hole 4-2. The other end is placed inside the water supply tank 2 for circulating water flow.

[0015] Furthermore, the main body of the circulating water tank 8 is made of plexiglass and is concave in shape, including straight channels on both sides and a rectangular section in the middle. Both its inlet and outlet ends are open, with the inlet channel being wider than the outlet channel. The bottom of the inlet end is provided with a bottom trough 8-1, and the bottom plate and side wall are respectively provided with a first movable plate 8-2, a second movable plate 8-3, a third movable plate 8-4, and a fourth movable plate 8-5. Specifically, the upper part of the bottom trough 8-1 is provided with the first movable plate 8-2 for conducting bottom immersion or vegetation water blocking tests; the side wall of the inlet end is provided with the second movable plate 8-3, which can be used to conduct embankment seepage damage tests; the middle side wall is provided with the third movable plate 8-4, which can be used to conduct straight channel bank scour tests; the middle side wall is provided with the fourth movable plate 8-5, which can be used to conduct curved channel bank scour tests; an energy dissipator 7 can be placed inside the circulating water tank 8, which can be used to reduce the adverse effects of turbulence and effectively shorten the inflow section length. The inlet of the circulating water tank 8 is connected to the level water tower 4 through the water intake channel 6. The river morphology is adjusted in the circulating water tank 8 by the first limiting module 9, the second limiting module 10, the third limiting module 11, the fourth limiting module 12 and the fifth limiting module 13.

[0016] Furthermore, the limiting module includes a first limiting module 9, a second limiting module 10, a third limiting module 11, a fourth limiting module 12, and a fifth limiting module 13. Dynamic adjustment of the river channel shape, curvature, and function is achieved through selective assembly of different limiting modules and adjustment of the movable plate. The second limiting module 10, the fourth limiting module 12, and the fifth limiting module 13 are used for stacking bank slopes, and each has a permeable plate on one side wall for conducting infiltration failure tests. Specifically:

[0017] The first limiting module 9 and the third limiting module 11 are designed with an open top and a hollow interior. They are used to shape a river by filling with weights. The first limiting module 9 is located on the side of the starting end of the straight section at the inlet of the circulating water tank 8, and the third limiting module 11 is located on the side of the ending end of the straight section at the inlet of the circulating water tank 8. The second limiting module 10 is designed with an open top and a hollow interior. It has a perforated first permeable plate 10-2 inside and a fifth movable plate 10-1 on its side wall. It can be used to stack the bank slope 14 or shape the river. It is located in the middle of the first limiting module 9 and the third limiting module 10. The fourth limiting module 12 and the fifth limiting module 13 are both designed with an open top and a hollow interior. They have perforated second permeable plates 12-1 and third permeable plates 13-1 on their side walls. One side can be used to stack the bank slope 14 to shape the river. The fourth limiting module 12 is located on the convex bank side of the bend in the middle of the circulating water tank 8, and the fifth limiting module 13 is located on the concave bank side of the bend in the middle of the circulating water tank 8.

[0018] Furthermore, the first filter tank 16 is connected to the water supply tank 2 via connecting pipe 1-3, and the first filter tank 16 is connected in series with the water supply tank 2, the second filter tank 17, and the third filter tank 18 via connecting pipe 1-3. The first filter tank 16, the water supply tank 2, the second filter tank 17, and the third filter tank 18 are respectively provided with a lower outlet 2-1 and an upper outlet 2-2 on one side wall, and each of them is provided with a valve 2-3 above it, which is connected to the connecting pipe 1-3. By connecting different outlets, sedimentation function can be achieved. The first filter tank 16 is equipped with a detachable filter plate 19 and a baffle plate 20. The filter plate 19 includes a multi-stage vertical filter plate 19-1 and a multi-stage horizontal filter plate 19-2. The filter plate 19 and the baffle plate 20 can be adjusted according to the position of the water tank outlet. The filter aperture of the filter plate 19 gradually decreases as the path increases, so as to further filter and settle the sediment in the water flow. The tail gate 15 includes a slot 15-1, a support plate 15-2, a support plate 15-3 and a bearing 15-4. The slot 15-1 is fixed to the end of the circulating water tank 8 by a clamp. By adjusting the contact position between the support plate 15-2 and the slot 15-1, different water levels in the circulating water tank 8 can be adjusted. The support plate 15-3 is connected to the slot 15-1 through the bearing 15-4 and is used to support the water flow. The bearing 15-4 is used to adjust the rotation angle of the support plate 15-3 and thus adjust the water level.

[0019] Furthermore, the adjustable bracket 21 includes a base 21-1, a support column 21-2, a telescopic column 21-3, a support plate 21-4, a buckle 21-5, a nut 21-6, and a connecting beam 21-7. The support column 21-2 is located on the upper part of the base 21-1, and the telescopic column 21-3 is nested in the support column 21-2, which can be raised and lowered to achieve slope adjustment. The support plate 21-4 is connected to the telescopic column 21-3, and its end is provided with a buckle. The circulating water tank 8 is fixed by the nut 21-6 embedded in the buckle 21-5. The connecting beam 21-7 connects multiple adjustable brackets 21 to achieve overall stability.

[0020] A multifunctional circulating water tank test method for simulating riverbank slope damage under scouring and seepage is implemented using the aforementioned multifunctional circulating water tank test device for simulating riverbank slope damage under scouring and seepage, and includes the following steps:

[0021] Step 1: Conduct preliminary experimental preparations, adjust adjustable bracket 21 and valve 2-3, start water pump 3, inject water into water supply tank 2 through water inlet pipe 1-1, calibrate the opening size of drain gate 4-3 and outlet gate 4-5, and calibrate the sensor parameters required for the test.

[0022] Step 2: Drain the water inside the circulating water tank 8, attach grid paper to the back plate of the circulating water tank 8 on the bank slope 14 to meet the measurement requirements, and attach sandpaper to the bottom plate of the circulating water tank 8 to meet the test roughness requirements.

[0023] Step 3: Calculate the proportion of the slope soil, adjust and install the first limiting module 9, the second limiting module 10, the third limiting module 11, the fourth limiting module 12 and the fifth limiting module 13, stack the slope in layers according to the predetermined shape, and compact the slope in layers after calculating the slope height according to the predetermined density, moisture content and other parameters.

[0024] Step 4: When the slope soil is piled up to the designated height, sensors and other pre-set materials are buried, the soil is compacted in layers, and other monitoring equipment is deployed.

[0025] Step 5: Adjust the height of the tailgate 15 to keep it constant, and slowly introduce water into the circulating water tank 8 through the level water tower 4 until the water level is close to the preset height of the riverbank, and soak the riverbank soil for 2 hours until it is saturated.

[0026] Step 6: Start the monitoring equipment, adjust the drain gate 4-3 and outlet gate 4-5 according to the preset flow rate, and start the water pump 3 to start water supply;

[0027] Step 7: Periodically take samples at the monitoring section and tailgate to measure sediment concentration;

[0028] Step 8: When no material removal or erosion of the riverbank is observed, turn off water pump 3;

[0029] Step 9: Measure the riverbank topography, collect remaining soil samples to analyze geotechnical parameters, and calculate the erosion amount using the oven-drying method;

[0030] Step 10: After the test, turn on water pump 3 to flush out the remaining soil in the water tank, filter the water, and then turn on the drain.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0032] (1) This invention solves several technical defects in the prior art in simulating the unstable bank slope due to scouring and erosion. Specifically, the prior art is difficult to simultaneously satisfy the effects of scouring, seepage and vegetation water blocking on the collapse of dikes, straight banks and curved banks, and cannot effectively adjust the radius of curvature of the curve to study its impact on the bank slope.

[0033] (2) By setting up devices such as limiting modules, bottom trenches, movable plates, and permeable plates, this invention can effectively solve the problem of studying the damage mechanism of bank slopes at different scour locations;

[0034] (3) This invention can simulate the bank slope damage characteristics under different river types and curvatures by using customized assembly modules and adjustable movable plates;

[0035] (4) This invention can comprehensively simulate the erosion and damage process of bank slopes under a composite erosion mode, providing reliable data for assessing bank slope stability;

[0036] (5) The research results of this invention can provide a reference for the design of river ecological bank protection projects and provide theoretical and technical support for the effective implementation of disaster prevention and mitigation. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a multifunctional circulating water tank test device for simulating riverbank slope damage under scouring and seepage.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of a multifunctional circulating water tank test device for simulating riverbank slope damage under scouring and seepage effects, designed according to the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the water level tower structure;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a circulating water tank;

[0041] Figure 5 This is an overall schematic diagram of the limit module;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a partial schematic diagram of the limit module;

[0043] Figure 7 This is an overall schematic diagram of the limit module;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a partial schematic diagram of the limit module;

[0045] Figure 9 This is a partial schematic diagram of the limit module;

[0046] Figure 10 This is a plan view of the pipeline;

[0047] Figure 11 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the pipeline;

[0048] Figure 12 This is a diagram of the tailgate;

[0049] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a filtration tank;

[0050] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of an adjustable bracket;

[0051] In the diagram: 1. Pipeline, 2. Water supply tank, 3. Water pump, 4. Horizontal water tower, 5. Drainage trough, 6. Water intake trough, 7. Energy dissipation device, 8. Circulating water trough, 9. First limit module, 10. Second limit module, 11. Third limit module, 12. Fourth limit module, 13. Fifth limit module, 14. Bank slope, 15. Tailgate, 16. First filter tank, 17. Second filter tank, 18. Third filter tank, 19. Filter plate, 20. Water baffle, 21. Adjustable bracket;

[0052] 1-1 Inlet pipe, 1-2 Drain pipe, 1-3 Connecting pipe, 2-1 Lower outlet, 2-2 Upper outlet, 2-3 Valve, 4-1 Tower body, 4-2 Drain hole, 4-3 Drain gate, 4-4 Outlet hole, 4-5 Outlet gate, 8-1 Bottom trough, 8-2 First movable plate, 8-3 Second movable plate, 8-4 Third movable plate, 8-5 Fourth movable plate, 10-1 Fifth movable plate, 10-2 First permeable plate, 12-1 Second permeable plate, 13-1 Third permeable plate, 15-1 Slot, 15-2 Support plate, 15-3 Support plate, 15-4 Bearing, 19-1 Multi-stage vertical filter plate, 19-2 Multi-stage horizontal filter plate, 21-1 Base, 21-2 Support column, 21-3 Telescopic column, 21-4 Support plate, 21-5 Buckle, 21-6 Nut, 21-7 Connecting beam. Detailed Implementation

[0053] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that the invention will be thorough and complete, and the concept of the exemplary embodiments will be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore their detailed description will be omitted.

[0054] A multifunctional circulating water flume test apparatus and method for simulating riverbank slope damage under scouring and seepage, comprising:

[0055] Pipeline 1 is used to connect the water source, water supply tank and filter pool to form a circulation path;

[0056] Water supply tank 2 is used to provide water storage;

[0057] Water pump 3 is used to introduce water into the level water tower;

[0058] Water level tower 4 stabilizes the test water flow rate to a certain invariant by controlling the water head height;

[0059] Drainage trough 5 is used to drain excess water;

[0060] Water inlet trough 6 is used to introduce water flow into circulating water trough 8;

[0061] Energy dissipator 7 is used to stabilize the water flow and shorten the inflow length;

[0062] The circulating water tank 8, made of transparent plexiglass, is the main body of this experimental device and is used to provide the water flow path;

[0063] The first limiting module 9, the second limiting module 10, the third limiting module 11, the fourth limiting module 12 and the fifth limiting module 13 are located inside the circulating water tank 8 and can be used to stack bank slopes, shape river channels and adjust the curvature of bends;

[0064] The bank slope 14 is located in the groove of the limiting module and is used to simulate the riverbank slope;

[0065] Tailgate 15, located at the end of the circulating water tank 8, is used to adjust the water level.

[0066] The first filtration tank 16 is used to filter and settle silt in the water and provide circulating water flow;

[0067] The second filter tank 17 and the third filter tank 18 are used to store the filtered water.

[0068] Filter plate 19 is located in the first filter tank 16 and is used to filter sediment.

[0069] The baffle plate 20 is located inside the first filter tank 16 and is used to extend the filtration path and guide the water circulation.

[0070] Adjustable bracket 21, located at the bottom of level water tower 4, water intake channel 6 and circulating water channel 8, is used to support the equipment and adjust the slope.

[0071] Furthermore, the pipeline 1 includes an inlet pipeline 1-1, a drain pipeline 1-2, and a connecting pipeline 1-3, which can be used to connect a water source, a water supply tank, and a filter pool to form a circulation path.

[0072] Furthermore, the side wall of the water supply tank 2 is provided with two outlets, namely the lower outlet 2-1 and the upper outlet 2-2, and each outlet is provided with a valve 2-3 for opening and closing; the first filter tank, the second filter tank and the third filter tank are also provided with a lower outlet 2-1, an upper outlet 2-2 and a valve 2-3.

[0073] Furthermore, the water level tower 4 includes a tower body 4-1, a drain hole 4-2, a drain gate 4-3, a water outlet hole 4-4, and a water outlet gate 4-5. The interior of the tower body is used for water storage. The size of the drain hole 4-2 is adjusted by adjusting the drain gate 4-3 to regulate the water head height inside the tower body. The size of the water outlet hole 4-4 is adjusted by adjusting the water outlet gate 4-5 to regulate the water inflow rate into the water tank.

[0074] Furthermore, the main body of the circulating water tank 8 is made of plexiglass, which includes two long straight channels on both sides and a rectangular section in the middle. The bottom of the straight channel at the water inlet end is provided with a bottom groove 8-1. The bottom plate and side wall are provided with a first movable plate 8-2, a second movable plate 8-3, a third movable plate 8-4, and a fourth movable plate 8-5 that can be removed. Different test functions can be met by removing the movable plates.

[0075] Furthermore, the second limiting module 10 is provided with a fifth movable plate 10-1 and a first permeable plate 10-2 on its side wall and inner wall, respectively. The fifth movable plate 10-1 can be used to shape a straight river, and the first permeable plate 10-2 can be used to allow water flow to pass through in order to study the effect of seepage.

[0076] Furthermore, the sidewalls of the fourth limiting module 12 and the fifth limiting module 13 are respectively provided with a second permeable plate 12-1 and a third permeable plate 13-1, which can be used to allow water flow to pass through in order to study the effect of seepage.

[0077] Furthermore, the tailgate 15 is composed of a slot 15-1, a support plate 15-2, a support plate 15-3, and a bearing 15-4. The slot 15-1 is fixed to the end of the circulating water tank 8 by a clamp. Different water levels in the water tank can be adjusted by adjusting the contact position between the support plate 15-2 and the slot 15-1.

[0078] Furthermore, the filter plate 19 includes multiple vertical filter plates 19-1 and multiple horizontal filter plates 19-2. The filter pore size of the filter plate 19 gradually decreases as the path increases, so as to achieve filtration and sedimentation of water flow sediment.

[0079] Furthermore, the adjustable bracket 21 includes a base 21-1, a support column 21-2, a telescopic column 21-3, a support plate 21-4, a buckle 21-5, a nut 21-6, and a connecting beam 21-7. The support column 21-2 is located on the upper part of the base 21-1, and the telescopic column 21-3 is nested in the support column 21-2, which can be raised and lowered to achieve slope adjustment. The support plate 21-4 is connected to the telescopic column 21-3, and its end is provided with a buckle. The water tank is embedded in the buckle 21-5 by the nut 21-6 to fix the water tank. The connecting beam 21-7 connects multiple adjustable brackets 21 to achieve overall stability.

[0080] Furthermore, the inlet pipe 1-1 is sequentially connected to the water supply tank 2, water pump 3, leveling tower 4, water intake channel 6, circulating water tank 8, and first filter tank 16; the two ends of the drain channel 5 are connected to the water supply tank 2 and leveling tower 4 respectively, and its slope can be adjusted according to the size of the drain hole 4-2; the energy dissipator 7 is located at the inlet where the circulating water tank 8 connects to the water intake channel 6; the first limiting module 9, the second limiting module 10, the third limiting module 11, the fourth limiting module 12, and the fifth limiting module 13 are located inside the circulating water tank 8, and their grooves can be used for... The stacking slope 14 is used; the tail gate 15 is fixed to the end of the circulating water tank 8; the filter plate 19 and the baffle plate 20 are placed inside the first filter tank 16, which are detachable and can also be installed in the second filter tank 17 and the third filter tank 18 as needed; the first filter tank 16, the second filter tank 17, the third filter tank 18 and the water supply tank 2 are connected one by one through the connecting pipe 1-3 to form a circulating water circuit; the water supply tank 2 is connected to the first filter tank 16 through the connecting pipe 1-3, and the connecting pipe 1-3 is connected to the drainage pipe 1-2.

[0081] Furthermore, the exemplary embodiments include, but are not limited to, the following forms: according to Figures 4-6 As shown, by assembling the first limiting module 9, the second limiting module 10, and the third limiting module 11, the third movable plate 8-4 can be removed to create a straight river channel. Based on this, the second movable plate 8-3 can be removed to conduct a subsurface immersion test of the straight river channel. Alternatively, the fifth movable plate 10-1 can be removed and the bank slope 14 can be stacked to conduct a sidewall erosion test of the straight river channel. Furthermore, by removing the second limiting module 10, the second movable plate 8-3, and the bank slope 14, a dike seepage test can be conducted. According to... Figure 4 , Figure 7 As shown, by assembling the first limiting module 9, the second limiting module 10, the fourth limiting module 12, the fifth limiting module 13, and the bank slope 14, it can be used to conduct scouring tests on the concave and convex banks of curved rivers; according to Figure 6 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, water injection into the limiting module can be used to conduct destructive tests on bank slopes under constant or variable head conditions due to seepage failure; according to Figure 5 As shown, by removing the fourth movable plate 8-5 and assembling different limiting modules, it can be used to conduct scour failure tests on bank slopes under variable curvature curves; according to Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, by connecting the lower outlet 2-1 and the upper outlet 2-2 through the connecting pipe 1-3, the sedimentation function of different filter tanks can be realized. For example, when the first filter tank 16 is needed as a sedimentation tank, the filter plate 19 and the baffle plate 20 need to be moved into the first filter tank 16. At the same time, the upper outlet 2-2 of the first filter tank 16 and the lower outlet of the second filter tank 17 are connected by the connecting pipe 1-3 respectively. In this way, the water level in the first filter tank 16 can be increased to achieve the sedimentation effect.

[0082] Furthermore, the test method includes the following steps:

[0083] Step 1: Conduct preliminary experimental preparations. Adjust the adjustable bracket 21 to the preset height according to the required river slope. Adjust the opening and closing status of valve 2-3 according to the water circulation path. Start the water pump 3 and inject water into the water supply tank 2 through the inlet pipe 1-1 to the set water volume. Adjust the upper and lower positions of the drain gate 4-3 and the outlet gate 4-5 to calibrate the relationship between the required flow rate, flow velocity and opening size. Calibrate the required sensor parameters for the experiment using the controlled variable method.

[0084] Step 2: After completing the preliminary experiment, drain the water from the circulating water tank 8, attach grid paper to the back plate of the circulating water tank 8 on the bank slope 14 to assist in displacement measurement during the experiment, calculate the friction coefficient of the bottom of the tank required for the experiment, and attach an appropriate number of sandpapers to the bottom plate of the circulating water tank 8 to meet the roughness requirements of the experiment.

[0085] Step 3: Calculate the proportion of the bank slope soil according to the similarity law, and carry out operations such as sieving and drying of the soil. Adjust and install the first limiting module 9, the second limiting module 10, the third limiting module 11, the fourth limiting module 12, and the fifth limiting module 13 according to the test requirements. When the test purpose is to simulate straight-line scour, only the first limiting module 9, the second limiting module 10, and the third limiting module 11 are installed. At the same time, the third movable plate 8-4 needs to be opened, and the bank slope is simulated by piling soil inside the second limiting module 10. When the test purpose is to simulate U-shaped bend scour, only the first limiting module 9, the second limiting module 10, the fourth limiting module 12, and the fifth limiting module 13 are installed. A bank slope is simulated by piling up bank slope soil inside the fourth limiting module 12 and the fifth limiting module 13; when the purpose of the test is to simulate the scouring of bends with different curvatures, only the first limiting module 9, the second limiting module 10, the fourth limiting module 12, and the fifth limiting module 13 are installed, and a bank slope is simulated by piling up bank slope soil inside the fourth limiting module 12 and the fifth limiting module 13. However, the fourth limiting module 12 and the fifth limiting module 13 should be customized according to different curvatures, and the fourth movable plate 8-5 should be opened as a water outlet; when piling up the bank slope, the slope height should be calculated according to the predetermined density, moisture content and other parameters, and then compacted in layers. During the compaction process, baffles need to be fixed on the outside of the bank slope for fixation;

[0086] Step 4: Stack the slope soil according to the test requirements and compact it in layers. When the soil is stacked to the specified height, sensors and other pre-set materials, such as pore pressure gauges, earth pressure gauges, displacement gauges, tension gauges, hygrometers, and tracer particles, should be buried at the preset monitoring locations. After the soil is stacked, other monitoring equipment, such as flow meters, water level gauges, turbidity meters, and high-speed cameras, should be set up in the water tank and debugged and fixed. At the same time, a 3D scanner should be used to collect and model the initial state of the slope.

[0087] Step 5: Adjust the positions of filter plate 19 and baffle plate 20, adjust the height of tailgate 15, adjust the connection status of bottom connecting pipe 1-3 with lower outlet 2-1 and upper outlet 2-2 according to the simulated bend or straight section and test water level requirements, and adjust the opening and closing status of valve 2-3; for example, when simulating U-shaped bend flushing, the drain outlet is located above the first filter tank 16, then place filter plate 19 and baffle plate 20 into the first filter tank 16, and the circulating water flow path is from the first filter tank 16 to the... The water flows from the second filtration tank 17 to the third filtration tank 18 and finally to the water supply tank 2. The valve 2-3 between the first filtration tank 16 and the water supply tank 2 is closed. The upper outlet 2-2 of the first filtration tank 16 is connected to the lower outlet 2-1 of the second filtration tank. All other filtration tanks and water supply tanks are connected to the lower outlet 2-1. Water is slowly introduced into the circulating water tank 8 through the leveling tower 4 until the water level is close to the preset height and then the water supply is stopped. The slope soil is soaked for 2 hours in a stable state until it reaches saturation.

[0088] Step 6: After 2 hours, prepare to carry out the test. After debugging the monitoring equipment and software, start monitoring. Adjust the opening size of the drain gate 4-3 and outlet gate 4-5 to the calibrated position according to the preset flow rate. Start the water pump 3 to supply water to provide circulating water flow.

[0089] Step 7: As the water flow continues to erode the bank slope, use a graduated cylinder to periodically take the same volume of water sample at the monitoring section and the tailgate, mark it, and measure the sediment concentration at different times to reflect the degree of erosion.

[0090] Step 8: As the riverbank is gradually eroded away by the water flow, when no riverbank material is observed to have moved away or when the predetermined time has been reached, turn off water pump 3 to stop water supply, and stop the monitoring equipment after the monitoring data stabilizes.

[0091] Step 9: Slowly adjust the height of the tailgate 15 to discharge the remaining water in the trough. After the bank slope stabilizes, use a 3D scanner to measure the final erosion topography of the riverbank and take photos to record it. Collect the remaining soil samples of the bank slope to further conduct unit tests to analyze the geotechnical parameters.

[0092] Step 10: After the test is completed and the monitoring and sample collection are finished, turn on water pump 3 to rinse the remaining soil in the water tank. After the soil settles and is filtered, turn on the drainage pipes 1-2 to drain the water. Use tools to clean the remaining soil and collect it to dry for reuse next time.

[0093] In this embodiment of the invention, the term "multiple" refers to two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined. The terms "install," "connect," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connect" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this embodiment of the invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0094] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the embodiments of the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional circulating water flume test device for simulating riverbank slope damage under scouring and seepage, characterized in that, The multifunctional circulating water tank test device includes a water supply system, a water tank system, a filtration system, and a support system. The water supply system includes a pipeline (1), a water supply tank (2), a water pump (3), a leveling tower (4), and a drainage trough (5) to provide the water flow required for the test and to provide water supply and drainage devices. The water tank system includes a water intake trough (6), an energy dissipator (7), a circulating water tank (8), a limiting module, and a tailgate (15) to provide the water flow channel required for the test and to provide the plasticity of the riverbank slope. The filtration system includes a filter pool, a filter plate (19), and a baffle plate (20) to filter and settle particles in the water and to provide circulating water flow. The support system includes an adjustable support (21) to support the entire circulating water tank and to provide a slope. The five limiting modules in the water tank system include a first limiting module (9), a second limiting module (10), a third limiting module (11), a fourth limiting module (12), and a fifth limiting module (13). By selectively assembling different limiting modules and adjusting the movable plate, the shape, curvature, and function of the river channel can be dynamically adjusted. The second limiting module (10), the fourth limiting module (12), and the fifth limiting module (13) are used to stack the bank slope. Each of their side walls is equipped with a permeable plate for conducting infiltration damage tests. The filtration system includes a first filtration pool (16), a second filtration pool (17), and a third filtration pool (18), and each filtration pool is equipped with a filter plate (19). The main body of the circulating water tank (8) is made of plexiglass and is concave in shape. It includes straight channels on both sides and a rectangular part in the middle. Both the inlet and outlet ends are open, with the inlet channel being wider than the outlet end. The bottom of the inlet end is provided with a bottom groove (8-1), and the bottom plate and side wall are respectively provided with a first movable plate (8-2), a second movable plate (8-3), a third movable plate (8-4), and a fourth movable plate (8-5). The bottom channel (8-1) is provided with a first movable plate (8-2) on the upper part for conducting bottom intrusion or vegetation water blocking tests; the inlet side wall is provided with a second movable plate (8-3) for conducting embankment seepage damage tests; the middle side wall is provided with a third movable plate (8-4) for conducting straight channel slope scour tests; the middle side wall is provided with a fourth movable plate (8-5) for conducting curved channel slope scour tests; the circulating water tank (8) is used to adjust the river morphology through a first limiting module (9), a second limiting module (10), a third limiting module (11), a fourth limiting module (12) and a fifth limiting module (13).

2. The multifunctional circulating water tank test device for simulating riverbank slope damage under scouring and seepage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pipeline (1) is connected to the water supply tank (2) and is used to inject water into the water supply tank (2); the water supply tank (2) is connected to the leveling tower (4) through the water pump (3); the drain trough (5) is connected to the water supply tank (2) and the leveling tower (4) and is used to discharge excess water in the leveling tower (4) into the water supply tank (2); the water intake trough (6) is connected to the circulating water trough (8), and the circulating water trough (8) is equipped with an energy dissipator (7), five limit modules, a bank slope (14) and a tail gate (15). The bank slope (14) is the soil of the experimental research object and is used to simulate the real bank slope. The tail gate (15) is used to adjust and control the water level; the first filter pool (16) is equipped with a filter plate (19) and a baffle plate (20); the leveling tower (4) and the circulating water trough (8) are supported by an adjustable bracket (21), which can adjust its height to adapt to different slopes.

3. The multifunctional circulating water tank test device for simulating riverbank slope damage under scouring and seepage as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The pipeline (1) includes an inlet pipeline (1-1), a drain pipeline (1-2), and a connecting pipeline (1-3); the inlet pipeline (1-1) is connected in sequence to a water source, a water supply tank (2), a water pump (3), and a level water tower (4) to provide an inlet channel; the connecting pipeline (1-3) connects the water supply tank, the first filter pool (16), the second filter pool (17), and the third filter pool (18) in sequence to realize the circulation of water flow; the drain pipeline (1-2) is located on the connecting pipeline connecting the water supply tank (2) and the first filter pool (16) and is used to discharge water into the room.

4. The multifunctional circulating water tank test device for simulating riverbank slope damage under scouring and seepage as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The water supply tank (2) includes a lower outlet (2-1), an upper outlet (2-2), and a valve (2-3). The lower outlet (2-1) and the upper outlet (2-2) are located on one side wall of the water supply tank (2), the first filter tank (16), the second filter tank (17), and the third filter tank (18). A valve is provided above the upper outlet (2-2), which is connected to the connecting pipe (1-3) of the pipeline (1). The water flow channel can be adjusted by controlling the valve. The water level tower (4) includes a tower body (4-1), a drain hole (4-2), a drain gate (4-3), a water outlet (4-4), and a water outlet gate (4-5). The tower body (4-1) stores water. The size of the drain hole (4-2) is adjusted by adjusting the drain gate (4-3) to regulate the water head height inside the tower body. The size of the water outlet (4-4) is adjusted by adjusting the water outlet gate (4-5) to regulate the water flow rate into the circulating water tank (8). One end of the drainage trough (5) is connected to the leveling tower (4), and its slope is adjusted according to the size of the drainage hole (4-2). The other end is placed inside the water supply tank (2) for circulating water flow.

5. The multifunctional circulating water tank test device for simulating riverbank slope damage under scouring and seepage as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first limiting module (9) and the third limiting module (11) are designed with an upper opening and a hollow interior structure. They are shaped into a river by filling with heavy objects. The first limiting module (9) is located on the side of the starting end of the straight channel at the inlet of the circulating water tank (8), and the third limiting module (11) is located on the side of the ending end of the straight channel at the inlet of the circulating water tank (8). The second limiting module (10) is designed as an open-top hollow structure with a perforated first permeable plate (10-2) inside and a fifth movable plate (10-1) on the side wall for stacking bank slope (14) or shaping river shape inside. It is located in the middle of the first limiting module (9) and the third limiting module (11). The fourth limiting module (12) and the fifth limiting module (13) are both designed as hollow structures with an open top. Their side walls are provided with a second permeable plate (12-1) and a third permeable plate (13-1) with holes. One side is used to stack the bank slope (14) to shape the river shape. The fourth limiting module (12) is located on the convex bank side of the bend in the middle of the circulating water channel (8), and the fifth limiting module (13) is located on the concave bank side of the bend in the middle of the circulating water channel (8).

6. The multifunctional circulating water tank test device for simulating riverbank slope damage under scouring and seepage as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The first filter tank (16) is connected to the water supply tank (2) through a connecting pipe (1-3), and the first filter tank (16) is connected in series with the water supply tank (2), the second filter tank (17) and the third filter tank (18) through the connecting pipe (1-3); the first filter tank (16), the water supply tank (2), the second filter tank (17) and the third filter tank (18) are respectively provided with a lower outlet (2-1) and an upper outlet (2-2) on one side wall, and each of them is provided with a valve (2-3) above it, which is connected to the connecting pipe (1-3). By connecting different outlets, sedimentation function can be achieved. The first filter tank (16) is equipped with a detachable filter plate (19) and a baffle plate (20). The filter plate (19) includes a multi-stage vertical filter plate (19-1) and a multi-stage horizontal filter plate (19-2). The filter plate (19) and the baffle plate (20) are adjusted according to the position of the water tank outlet. The filter pore size of the filter plate (19) gradually decreases as the path increases.

7. The multifunctional circulating water tank test device for simulating riverbank slope damage under scouring and seepage as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The tailgate (15) includes a slot (15-1), a support plate (15-2), a tray (15-3), and a bearing (15-4). The slot (15-1) is fixed to the end of the circulating water tank (8) by a clamp. By adjusting the contact position between the support plate (15-2) and the slot (15-1), different water levels in the circulating water tank (8) can be adjusted. The tray (15-3) is connected to the slot (15-1) through the bearing (15-4) and is used to support the water flow. The bearing (15-4) is used to adjust the rotation angle of the tray (15-3) and thus adjust the water level. The adjustable bracket (21) includes a base (21-1), a support column (21-2), a telescopic column (21-3), a support plate (21-4), a buckle (21-5), a nut (21-6), and a connecting beam (21-7). The support column (21-2) is located on the upper part of the base (21-1), and the telescopic column (21-3) is nested in the support column (21-2). The slope can be adjusted by lifting and lowering. The support plate (21-4) is connected to the telescopic column (21-3), and its end is provided with a buckle. The circulating water tank (8) is fixed by embedding the nut (21-6) into the buckle (21-5). The connecting beam (21-7) connects multiple adjustable brackets (21) to achieve overall stability.

8. A multifunctional circulating water flume test method for simulating riverbank slope damage under scouring and seepage, characterized in that, The test device, which is based on any one of claims 1-7, is used to achieve the following steps: Step 1: Carry out preliminary experimental preparation work, adjust the adjustable bracket (21) and valve (2-3), start the water pump (3), inject water into the water supply tank (2) through the water inlet pipe (1-1), calibrate the opening size of the drain gate (4-3) and the outlet gate (4-5), and calibrate the sensor parameters required for the test; Step 2: Drain the water flow inside the circulating water tank (8), attach grid paper to the back plate of the circulating water tank (8) on the bank slope (14) to meet the measurement requirements, and attach sandpaper to the bottom plate of the circulating water tank (8) to meet the test roughness requirements; Step 3: Calculate the proportion of the slope soil, adjust and install the first limiting module (9), the second limiting module (10), the third limiting module (11), the fourth limiting module (12) and the fifth limiting module (13), stack the slope in layers according to the predetermined shape, calculate the slope height according to the predetermined density and moisture content parameters, and then compact the layers. Step 4: When the slope soil is piled up to the designated height, sensors and other pre-set materials are buried, the soil is compacted in layers, and other monitoring equipment is deployed. Step 5: Adjust the height of the tailgate (15) to keep it constant, and slowly introduce water into the circulating water tank (8) through the level water tower (4) until the water level reaches the preset height of the riverbank and soaks the riverbank soil until it is saturated; Step 6: Start the monitoring equipment, adjust the drain gate (4-3) and outlet gate (4-5) according to the preset flow rate, and start the water pump (3) to start water supply; Step 7: Periodically take samples at the monitoring section and tailgate to measure sediment concentration; Step 8: When no material removal or erosion of the riverbank is observed, turn off the water pump (3); Step 9: Measure the riverbank topography, collect remaining soil samples to analyze geotechnical parameters, and calculate the erosion amount using the oven-drying method; Step 10: After the test, turn on the water pump (3) to flush the remaining soil in the water tank, filter it, and then turn on the drain water.

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