Communication method and communication device

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a communication method and a communication device. The method comprises the following steps: receiving a reference signal; performing channel estimation according to the reference signal to obtain a first channel coefficient corresponding to a first channel; and obtaining a second channel coefficient corresponding to a second channel according to the first channel coefficient and auxiliary information, wherein the auxiliary information indicates a relationship between the first channel and the second channel. According to the invention, the channel estimation accuracy can be improved.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 506,726, filed June 7, 2023, entitled “A method and apparatus of pairing multiple users in a very large MIMO system,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communications, and more specifically to a communication method and a communication device. Background Technology

[0003] In wireless communication systems, to achieve functions such as system synchronization, channel information feedback, and data transmission, channel estimation needs to be performed on the uplink or downlink channels.

[0004] To perform channel estimation, a reference signal can be transmitted between network devices and terminal devices. How to use this reference signal to perform channel estimation is a problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a communication method and a communication device. The technical solution can improve the accuracy of channel estimation.

[0006] According to a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a communication method, which can be executed by a receiving device. The receiving device is a communication device (e.g., a base station or a UE) or a chip within a communication device. The method includes: receiving a reference signal; performing channel estimation based on the reference signal to obtain a first channel coefficient corresponding to a first channel; and obtaining a second channel coefficient corresponding to a second channel based on the first channel coefficient and auxiliary information, wherein the auxiliary information indicates the relationship between the first channel and the second channel.

[0007] According to the above technical solution, the auxiliary information indicates the relationship between different channels (e.g., the first channel and the second channel). Therefore, the receiving device can perform channel estimation based on the received reference signal to obtain the channel coefficients corresponding to one channel, and obtain the second channel coefficients corresponding to another channel based on the channel coefficients and the auxiliary information. This can improve the accuracy of channel estimation, and since the transmitting device does not need to transmit the reference signal corresponding to another channel, signaling overhead can be saved.

[0008] In one possible design, obtaining the second channel coefficient corresponding to the second channel based on the first channel coefficient and the auxiliary information includes: obtaining the second channel coefficient corresponding to the second channel by performing a linear or nonlinear transformation on the first channel coefficient and the auxiliary information.

[0009] The above technical solution allows the second channel coefficient to be obtained by performing linear or nonlinear transformations on the first channel coefficient and the auxiliary information.

[0010] In one possible design, the auxiliary information includes one or more of the following: matrix-based information, vector-based information, tensor-based information, and manifold information.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, the type of auxiliary information is flexible.

[0012] In one possible design, the auxiliary information is either the matrix-based information or the tensor-based information, and the auxiliary information is determined according to one or more of the following: a first matrix and a second matrix, wherein the first matrix and the second matrix represent channel space basis matrices, and the dimension of the first matrix is ​​greater than the dimension of the second matrix.

[0013] In one possible design, the auxiliary information satisfies the following form:

[0014] in: This refers to the auxiliary information; Represents the first matrix; Represents the second matrix, , Indicates based on The position matrix of the supplementary reference signal at the principal component position, where "H" indicates the matrix operation of conjugate transpose; "-1" indicates the pseudo-inverse operation of the matrix.

[0015] In one possible design, the second channel coefficient is obtained according to the following form:

[0016] in: The vector representing the second channel coefficient; The vector representing the first channel coefficient.

[0017] In one possible design, the auxiliary information is the manifold-based information, which is vector-dependent on the first channel coefficients.

[0018] In one possible design, the auxiliary information satisfies the following form:

[0019]

[0020] in: and This indicates the auxiliary information. yes and The subspace angle between them; "acos" is the inverse cosine function; "H" indicates the matrix operation of conjugate transpose; "atan" is the arctangent function; “Re” and “Im” represent taking the real and imaginary parts of a complex number, respectively; and It is the vector of the first channel coefficients.

[0021] In one possible design, the second channel coefficient is obtained according to the following form:

[0022] in: The vector representing the second channel coefficient; ; "sin" is the arcsine function; “1j” represents the imaginary unit; ; express exist and The relative positions between them.

[0023] In one possible design, the auxiliary information is configured according to any of the following: the type of the reference signal, the resource set of the reference signal, or the antenna port of the reference signal.

[0024] In one possible design, the auxiliary information is configured as any of the following: periodic, semi-static, or aperiodic.

[0025] In one possible design, the method further includes receiving the auxiliary information.

[0026] According to a second aspect, embodiments of this application provide a communication method, which can be executed by a transmitting device. The transmitting device is a communication device (e.g., a base station or a UE) or a chip within the communication device. The method includes: transmitting a reference signal; transmitting auxiliary information, wherein the auxiliary information indicates a relationship between a first channel and a second channel, a second channel coefficient corresponding to the second channel is determined based on a first channel coefficient corresponding to the first channel and the auxiliary information, and the first channel coefficient is obtained by performing channel estimation on the first channel using the reference signal.

[0027] In one possible design, the second channel coefficient is determined by performing a linear or nonlinear transformation on the first channel coefficient and the auxiliary information.

[0028] In one possible design, the auxiliary information includes one or more of the following: matrix-based information, vector-based information, tensor-based information, and manifold information.

[0029] In one possible design, the auxiliary information is either the matrix-based information or the tensor-based information, and the auxiliary information is determined according to one or more of the following: a first matrix and a second matrix, wherein the first matrix and the second matrix represent channel space basis matrices, and the dimension of the first matrix is ​​greater than the dimension of the second matrix.

[0030] In one possible design, the auxiliary information satisfies the following form:

[0031] in: This refers to the auxiliary information; Represents the first matrix; Represents the second matrix, , Indicates based on The position matrix of the supplementary reference signal at the principal component position, where "H" indicates the matrix operation of conjugate transpose; "-1" indicates the pseudo-inverse operation of the matrix.

[0032] In one possible design, the second channel coefficient is obtained according to the following form:

[0033] in: The vector representing the second channel coefficient; The vector representing the first channel coefficient.

[0034] In one possible design, the auxiliary information is the manifold-based information, which is vector-dependent on the first channel coefficients.

[0035] In one possible design, the auxiliary information satisfies the following form:

[0036]

[0037] in: and This indicates the auxiliary information. yes and The subspace angle between them; "acos" is the inverse cosine function; "H" indicates the matrix operation of conjugate transpose; "atan" is the arctangent function; “Re” and “Im” represent taking the real and imaginary parts of a complex number, respectively; and It is the vector of the first channel coefficients.

[0038] In one possible design, the second channel coefficient is obtained according to the following form:

[0039] in: The vector representing the second channel coefficient; ; "sin" is the arcsine function; “1j” represents the imaginary unit; , express exist and The relative positions between them.

[0040] In one possible design, the auxiliary information is configured according to any of the following: the type of the reference signal, the resource set of the reference signal, or the antenna port of the reference signal.

[0041] In one possible design, the auxiliary information is configured as any of the following: periodic, semi-static, or aperiodic.

[0042] The various implementation methods of the second aspect correspond to the various implementation methods of the first aspect. The various implementation methods of the second aspect and their beneficial technical effects can be found in the descriptions of the relevant implementation methods of the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0043] According to a third aspect, a communication apparatus is provided for performing the methods in any possible implementation of the above aspects. Specifically, the apparatus includes units for performing the methods in any possible implementation of the above aspects.

[0044] According to the fourth aspect, another communication device is provided, comprising a processor. The processor is coupled to memory and can be used to execute one or more instructions in the memory to implement methods in any possible implementation of the various aspects. The memory can be an on-chip storage unit within the processor or an off-chip storage unit coupled to the memory and located outside the processor. In one possible implementation, the device further includes memory. In one possible implementation, the device further includes a communication interface to which the processor is coupled.

[0045] In one possible design, the communication device may be a transmitting device (e.g., a base station or user equipment), a chip, circuit, or processing system configured in the transmitting device, or a device that includes the transmitting device.

[0046] In one possible design, the communication device may be a receiving device (e.g., a base station or user equipment), a chip, circuit, or processing system configured in the receiving device, or a device that includes the receiving device.

[0047] According to a fifth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a communication device, causes the communication device to implement the methods of any possible implementation of the foregoing aspects.

[0048] According to a sixth aspect, a computer program product comprising one or more instructions is provided. When the instructions are executed by a computer, they cause a communication device to implement any possible implementation of the above aspects.

[0049] According to a seventh aspect, a communication system is provided, including the aforementioned transmitting device and the aforementioned receiving device. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application scenario of this application; Figure 2 An exemplary communication system 100 is shown; Figure 3 Another example of electronic device (ED) 110 and base station 170a, base station 170b and / or base station 170c is shown; Figure 4 This is an example of a channel model for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system; Figure 5 This is an example of the process by which a base station acquires channel state information (CSI). Figure 6 This is a schematic flowchart of the communication method 600 according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 (a) to 7(c) are illustrations of auxiliary information (matrix-based information) used to obtain the second channel coefficients; Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating auxiliary information (manifold information) used to obtain the second channel coefficients; Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating auxiliary information (matrix-based information and manifold information) used to obtain the second channel coefficients; Figure 10 This is a schematic block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic block diagram of another communication device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 12 This is a flowchart of Example 1; Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating channel estimation or channel filtering. Figure 14 This is a diagram of channel interpolation; Figure 15 This is a flowchart of Example 2; Figure 16 This is a flowchart of Example 3; Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating the use of manifold-based channel estimation auxiliary information; Figure 18 This is a flowchart of Example 4; Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating the use of matrix-based and manifold-based channel estimation auxiliary information; Figure 20 This is a flowchart of Example 5; Figure 21 This is a flowchart of Example 6-1; Figure 22 This is a diagram showing channel estimation auxiliary information that includes only the Rx port in the time / frequency domain; Figure 23 This is a flowchart of Example 7-1; Figure 24 It is a diagram that includes channel estimation auxiliary information for the Tx and Rx ports in the time / frequency domain; Figure 25 The unit or module in the device is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The technical solution of this application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] The technical solutions in this application embodiment can be applied to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The technical solutions in this application embodiment can be applied to various communication systems, such as fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems, new radio (NR) wireless communication systems, long-term evolution (LTE) systems, LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, LTE time division duplex (TDD) systems, wireless local area networks (WLANs), satellite communication systems, or other evolved communication systems, such as sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication systems.

[0053] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, Figures 1 to 3 Taking the communication system shown in the figure as an example, the communication system applicable to the embodiments of this application will be described in detail.

[0054] refer to Figure 1This diagram, provided as an illustrative example and not as limiting, is a simplified schematic of a communication system. Communication system 100 includes a radio access network 120. Radio access network 120 may be a next-generation (e.g., sixth-generation, 6G, or later) radio access network, or a traditional (e.g., 5G, 4G, 3G, or 2G) radio access network. One or more electronic devices (EDs) 110a to 110j (collectively referred to as ED 110) may interconnect with each other or be connected to one or more network nodes (170a, 170b, collectively referred to as 170) within radio access network 120. Core network 130 may be part of the communication system and may depend on or be independent of the radio access technology used in communication system 100. Furthermore, communication system 100 includes a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160.

[0055] refer to Figure 2 An exemplary communication system 100 is illustrated. Generally, the communication system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired components to transmit data and other content. The purpose of the communication system 100 may be to provide content such as voice, data, video, and / or text via broadcast, multicast, and unicast. The communication system 100 can operate by sharing resources (e.g., carrier spectrum bandwidth) among its constituent units. The communication system 100 may include terrestrial communication systems and / or non-terrestrial communication systems. The communication system 100 can provide a wide range of communication services and applications (e.g., earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, automated delivery and mobility, etc.). The communication system 100 can provide high availability and robustness through the joint operation of terrestrial and non-terrestrial communication systems. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can create a heterogeneous network that can be considered as comprising multiple layers. Compared to traditional communication networks, heterogeneous networks can achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible function sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks.

[0056] Terrestrial and non-terrestrial communication systems can be considered as subsystems of a communication system. In the example shown, communication system 100 includes electronic devices (EDs) 110a to 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110), radio access networks (RANs) 120a and 120b, a non-terrestrial communication network 120c, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. RANs 120a and 120b include corresponding base stations (BSs) 170a and 170b, which can be collectively referred to as terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b. The non-terrestrial communication network 120c includes access nodes 120c, which can be collectively referred to as non-terrestrial transmit and receive points (NT-TRPs) 172.

[0057] Alternatively or additionally, any ED 110 can be used to connect to, access, or communicate with any other T-TRP 170a and 170b, NT-TRP 172, Internet 150, core network 130, PSTN 140, other network 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, ED 110a can communicate uplink and / or downlink with T-TRP 170a via interface 190a. In some examples, ED 110a, ED 110b, and ED 110d can also communicate directly with each other via one or more side-channel air interfaces 190b. In some examples, ED 110d can communicate uplink and / or downlink with NT-TRP 172 via interface 190c.

[0058] Air interfaces 190a and 190b can use similar communication technologies, such as any applicable wireless access technology. For example, communication system 100 can implement one or more channel access methods in air interfaces 190a and 190b, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA). Air interfaces 190a and 190b can utilize other higher-dimensional signal spaces, which may involve combinations of orthogonal and / or non-orthogonal dimensions.

[0059] The 190c air interface enables communication between the ED 110d and one or more NT-TRP172s via a wireless link or simply via a link. In some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs and one or more NT-TRPs for multicast transmission.

[0060] RAN 120a and RAN 120b communicate with core network 130 to provide various services, such as voice, data, and other services, to ED 110a, ED 110b, and ED 110c. RAN 120a and RAN 120b and / or core network 130 may communicate directly or indirectly with one or more other RANs (not shown), which may or may not be directly served by core network 130, and may or may not use the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b, or both. Core network 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) RAN 120a and RAN 120b or ED 110a, ED 110b, and ED 110c, or both, and (ii) other networks (e.g., PSTN 140, Internet 150, and other networks 160). Additionally, some or all of ED 110a, ED 110b, and ED 110c may include the ability to communicate with different wireless networks via different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. ED 110a, ED 110b, and ED 110c may communicate with a service provider or exchange (not shown) via a wired communication channel and with the Internet 150, rather than wirelessly (or also wirelessly). PSTN 140 may include a circuit-switched telephone network for providing plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, incorporating protocols such as Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). ED 110a, ED 110b, and ED 110c may be multimode devices capable of operating according to multiple wireless access technologies and include multiple transceivers required to support these technologies.

[0061] refer to Figure 3This image shows another example of the ED 110 and base stations 170a, 170b, and / or 170c. The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, etc. The ED 110 can be widely used in various scenarios, such as cellular communication, device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), peer-to-peer (P2P), machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grids, smart furniture, smart offices, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart cities, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, automated delivery, and mobility.

[0062] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end-user equipment used for wireless operation, which may include (or may be referred to as) user equipment (UE / user device), wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), mobile station, fixed or mobile subscriber unit, cellular phone, station (STA), machine type communication (MTC) device, personal digital assistant (PDA), smartphone, laptop, computer, tablet, wireless sensor, consumer electronics device, smart book, vehicle, automobile, truck, bus, train, or IoT device, industrial equipment or apparatus of the above devices (e.g., communication module, modem, or chip), etc. Future generations of ED 110 may be referred to by other names. Base stations 170a and 170b are T-TRPs and will be referred to as T-TRP 170 below. Furthermore, as... Figure 3 As shown, NT-TRP will be referred to as NT-TRP 172 below. Each ED 110 connected to T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 can be configured to be dynamically or semi-statically turned on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled), turned off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled), and / or in response to one or more of connection availability and connection necessity.

[0063] ED 110 includes a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is shown in the figure. One, part, or all of the antennas may also be panels. The transmitter 201 and receiver 203 may, for example, be integrated as a transceiver. The transceiver is used to modulate data or other content for transmission through at least one antenna 204 or a network interface controller (NIC). The transceiver is also used to demodulate data or other content received through at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received wirelessly or wiredly. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals.

[0064] ED 110 includes at least one memory 208. Memory 208 stores instructions and data used, generated, or acquired by ED 110. For example, memory 208 may store software instructions or modules for implementing some or all of the functions and / or embodiments described herein, and executed by one or more processing units 210. Each memory 208 includes any suitable one or more volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval devices. Any suitable type of memory can be used, such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, optical disk, subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) memory card, processor cache, etc.

[0065] ED 110 may also include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces (e.g., connected to...). Figure 1 (Wired interface to the Internet 150). Input / output devices support interaction with users or other devices on the network. Each input / output device includes any suitable structure for providing or receiving information from the user, such as a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, or touchscreen, including network interface communication.

[0066] ED 110 also includes a processor 210 for performing various operations, including operations related to preparing for uplink transmissions to NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, operations related to processing downlink transmissions received from NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, and operations related to processing sidelink transmissions to and from another ED 110. Processing operations related to preparing for uplink transmissions may include operations such as encoding, modulation, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing downlink transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulation, and decoding of received symbols. According to an embodiment, receiver 203 may receive downlink transmissions (possibly using receive beamforming), and processor 210 may extract signaling from the downlink transmissions (e.g., by detecting and / or decoding signaling). Examples of signaling may be reference signals transmitted by NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, processor 276 performs transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction indications (e.g., beam angle information (BAI)) received from T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, processor 210 may perform operations related to network access (e.g., initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations related to detecting synchronization sequences, decoding, and acquiring system information. In some embodiments, processor 210 may perform channel estimation, for example, using reference signals received from NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170.

[0067] Although not shown, processor 210 may be part of transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203. Although not shown, memory 208 may be part of processor 210.

[0068] The processor 210 and the processing components of the transmitter 201 and receiver 203 may be implemented by the same or different one or more processors, which execute instructions stored in memory (e.g., memory 208). Alternatively, some or all of the processor 210 and the processing components of the transmitter 201 and receiver 203 may be implemented using special-purpose circuitry such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

[0069] In some implementations, T-TRP 170 may be referred to by other names, such as base station, base transceiver station (BTS), wireless base station, network node, network device, network-side device, transmit / receive node, Node B, evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB), femtocell, next-generation NodeB (gNB), transmission point (TP), site controller, access point (AP) or wireless router, relay station, remote radio head, ground node, ground network device or ground base station, baseband unit (BBU), remote radio unit (RRU), radio unit (RU), active antenna unit (AAU), remote radio head (RRH), central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), positioning node, etc. T-TRP 170 can be a macro BS, micro BS, relay node, source node, or a combination thereof. T-TRP 170 may refer to the aforementioned equipment or to a component within the aforementioned equipment (e.g., a communication module, modem, or chip).

[0070] In some implementations, the CU (or CU control plane (CP) and CU user plane (UP)), DU, or RU may use other names. For example, in an open RAN (ORAN) system, the CU can also be called an open CU (O-CU), the DU can also be called an open DU (O-DU), the CU-CP can also be called an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP), the CU-UP can also be called an open CU-UP (O-CU-CP), and the RU can also be called an open RU (O-RU). Any of the CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, or RU can be implemented using software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software and hardware modules.

[0071] In some embodiments, the various parts of T-TRP 170 may be distributed. For example, some modules of T-TRP 170 may be located remotely from the device housing the antenna of T-TRP 170 and may be coupled to the device housing the antenna via a communication link (not shown), sometimes referred to as a fronthaul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI). Therefore, in some embodiments, the term "T-TRP 170" may also refer to modules on the network side that perform processing operations such as ED 110 location determination, resource allocation (scheduling), message generation, and encoding / decoding; these modules are not necessarily part of the device housing the antenna of T-TRP 170. These modules may also be coupled to other T-TRPs. In some embodiments, T-TRP 170 may actually be multiple T-TRPs that work together, for example, through coordinated multicast transmissions, to serve ED 110.

[0072] T-TRP 170 includes at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is shown. One, part, or all of the antennas may also be panels. The transmitter 252 and receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. T-TRP 170 also includes a processor 260 for performing various operations, including operations related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to ED 110, processing uplink transmissions received from ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to NT-TRP 172, and processing transmissions received from NT-TRP 172 via backhaul. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulation, precoding (e.g., MIMO precoding), transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulation, and decoding of received symbols. Processor 260 can also perform operations related to network access (e.g., initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as generating the contents of a synchronization signal block (SSB), generating system information, etc. In some embodiments, processor 260 also generates beam direction indications, such as BAI, which can be scheduled for transmission by scheduler 253. Processor 260 performs other network-side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of ED 110, determining the location for deploying NT-TRP 172, etc. In some embodiments, processor 260 can generate signaling, for example, for configuring one or more parameters of ED 110 and / or one or more parameters of NT-TRP 172. Any signaling generated by processor 260 is transmitted by transmitter 252. It should be noted that the term "signaling" used herein can also be referred to as control signaling. Dynamic signaling can be transmitted in control channels such as the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), while static or semi-static higher-layer signaling can be included in packets transmitted in data channels such as the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

[0073] Scheduler 253 may be coupled to processor 260. Scheduler 253 may be included within or operate separately from T-TRP 170, which may schedule uplink, downlink, and / or backlink transmissions, including issuing scheduling authorizations and / or configuring schedule-free (“configuration authorization”) resources. T-TRP 170 also includes memory 258 for storing information and data. Memory 258 stores instructions and data used, generated, or acquired by T-TRP 170. For example, memory 258 may store software instructions or modules for implementing some or all of the functions and / or embodiments described herein and executed by processor 260.

[0074] Although not shown, processor 260 may form part of transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254. Furthermore, although not shown, processor 260 may implement scheduler 253. Although not shown, memory 258 may form part of processor 260.

[0075] The processor 260, scheduler 253, and processing components of transmitter 252 and receiver 254 may be implemented by the same or different one or more processors, which execute instructions stored in memory (e.g., memory 258). Alternatively, some or all of the processing components of processor 260, scheduler 253, and transmitter 252 and receiver 254 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry such as FPGA, GPU, or ASIC.

[0076] The NT-TRP 172 is illustrated using only a drone as an example. The NT-TRP 172 can be implemented in any suitable non-terrestrial form. Furthermore, in some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 may be referred to by other names, such as a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, or a non-terrestrial base station. The NT-TRP 172 includes a transmitter 272 and a receiver 274 coupled to one or more antennas 280. Only one antenna 280 is shown. One, part, or all of the antennas may also be panels. The transmitter 272 and receiver 274 may be integrated as a transceiver. The NT-TRP 172 also includes a processor 276 for performing various operations, including operations related to: preparing transmissions for downlink transmission to ED 110, processing uplink transmissions received from ED 110, preparing transmissions for backhaul transmission to T-TRP 170, and processing transmissions received from T-TRP 170 via backhaul. Processing operations related to preparing for downlink or backhaul transmissions may include operations such as encoding, modulation, precoding (e.g., MIMO precoding), transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to receiving transmissions in the uplink or backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulation, and decoding of received symbols. In some embodiments, processor 276 performs transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (e.g., BAI) received from T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, processor 276 may generate signaling, for example, to configure one or more parameters of ED 110. In some embodiments, NT-TRP 172 implements physical layer processing but does not implement higher-level functions such as medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer functions. Since this is only an example, NT-TRP 172 may generally implement higher-level functions in addition to physical layer processing.

[0077] The NT-TRP 172 also includes a memory 278 for storing information and data. Although not shown, a processor 276 may form part of the transmitter 272 and / or receiver 274. Although not shown, the memory 278 may form part of the processor 276.

[0078] The processor 276 and the processing components of the transmitter 272 and receiver 274 may be implemented by the same or different one or more processors, which execute instructions stored in memory (e.g., memory 278). Alternatively, some or all of the processor 276 and the processing components of the transmitter 272 and receiver 274 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry such as a programmed FPGA, GPU, or ASIC. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 may actually be multiple NT-TRPs that work together, for example, through coordinated multipoint transmissions, to serve ED 110.

[0079] T-TRP 170, NT-TRP 172 and / or ED 110 may include other components, but these components have been omitted for clarity.

[0080] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, the following is a brief description of several terms used in this application.

[0081] 1) Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) MIMO technology allows antenna arrays consisting of multiple antennas to perform signal transmission and reception to meet high transmission rate requirements. The aforementioned ED 110, T-TRP 170, and / or NT-TRP use MIMO for communication via radio resource blocks. MIMO utilizes multiple antennas at the transmitting and / or receiving devices to transmit radio resource blocks via parallel radio signals. MIMO can beamform the parallel radio signals for reliable multipath transmission of radio resource blocks. MIMO can also bond parallel radio signals carrying different data to increase the data rate of radio resource blocks.

[0082] In recent years, MIMO (Massive MIMO) wireless communication systems equipped with a large number of antennas in the aforementioned T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 have received widespread attention from academia and industry. In massive MIMO systems, the T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 are typically configured with more than ten antenna elements (e.g., 128 or 256) and serve dozens of ED 110s. The large number of antenna elements in the T-TRP 170 and NT-TRP 172 can significantly increase the spatial freedom of wireless communication, greatly improve transmission rate, spectral efficiency, and power efficiency, and largely eliminate inter-cell interference. The increased number of antennas allows each antenna element to be smaller and less expensive. Utilizing the spatial freedom provided by the large number of antenna elements, each T-TRP 170 and NT-TRP 172 in a cell can simultaneously communicate with multiple ED 110s in the cell on the same time-frequency resources, thereby significantly improving spectral efficiency. The numerous antenna elements of the T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 also provide each user with better uplink and downlink spatial directivity, thereby reducing the transmit power of the T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 and ED 110, and significantly improving power efficiency. When the number of antennas in the T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 is sufficiently large, the random channels between each ED 110 and the T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 can be nearly orthogonal, and the effects of interference and noise between the cell and the user can be eliminated. These numerous advantages make massive MIMO a promising technology for widespread applications.

[0083] A MIMO system may include a receiver connected to a receive (Rx) antenna, a transmitter connected to a transmit (Tx) antenna, and a signal processor connected to both the transmitter and receiver. Each of the Rx and Tx antennas may include multiple antennas. For example, the Rx antenna may have a ULA antenna array, in which multiple antennas are arranged in a straight line at uniform intervals. When a radio frequency (RF) signal is transmitted through the Tx antenna, the Rx antenna may receive signals reflected and returned from a forward target. The receiver may be an ED (i.e., ED 110), and the transmitter may be a T-TRP or NT-TRP (i.e., T-TRP 170 or NT-TRP 172), or the receiver may be a T-TRP or NT-TRP (i.e., T-TRP 170 or NT-TRP 172), and the transmitter may be an ED (i.e., ED 110).

[0084] refer to Figure 4This diagram, provided as an illustrative example and not as limiting, offers a simplified schematic of a communication scenario. The transmitting device is connected to four Tx antennas, x1 to x4, and the receiving device is connected to four Rx antennas, y1 to y4. A transmission channel can be formed between each Tx antenna and each Rx antenna. For example, an RF signal transmitted via x1 can be received by y2 via channel h21. An RF signal transmitted via x3 can be received by y1 via channel h13.

[0085] In the following text, the base station is used as an example of T-TRP 170 or NT-TRP 172, and the UE is used as an example of ED 110. For downlink transmission, the receiving device may be referred to as ED 110, and for uplink transmission, the receiving device may be referred to as T-TRP 170 or NT-TRP 172. For downlink transmission, the transmitting device may be referred to as T-TRP 170 or NT-TRP 172, and for uplink transmission, the transmitting device may be referred to as ED 110. However, this document does not impose any limitations on these designations.

[0086] 2) Channel estimation In MIMO systems, channel estimation is required to achieve functions such as system synchronization, channel information feedback, and data transmission. Channel estimation refers to the process of reconstructing or recovering the received signal to compensate for signal distortion caused by channel fading and noise. In channel estimation, the reference signal predicted by the transmitting and receiving devices can be used to track changes in the time and / or frequency domains of the channel in order to reconstruct or recover the received signal. The reference signal can also be called a pilot signal, reference sequence, etc. For ease of understanding, it is described as a reference signal below. For example, reference signals include channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), sounding reference signal (SRS), demodulation reference signal (DMRS), phase track reference signal (PT-RS), or cell reference signal (CRS). The reference signals listed above are merely examples and should not constitute any limitation on this application. This application does not exclude the possibility of defining other reference signals in future protocols to achieve the same or similar functions.

[0087] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, CSI-RS is described in detail below through examples. CSI-RS is mainly used for downlink channel estimation corresponding to physical antenna ports. For example, a receiving device (i.e., UE) can perform channel estimation for each physical antenna port based on the CSI-RS sent by a transmitting device (i.e., base station) to feed back channel state information (CSI) based on the channel estimation results. CSI may include one or more of the following: channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), and layer indicator (LI). CSI is used for downlink channel reconstruction or precoding. In some implementations, the process of the base station acquiring CSI may include: the base station sending a reference signal to the UE; the UE acquiring a CSI estimate based on the received reference signal, selecting a precoding vector from the codebook based on the CSI estimate, and feeding back the index of the precoding vector to the base station; the base station determining the reconstructed CSI value based on the index of the precoding vector. The reconstructed CSI value can be the CSI that is closest to the true CSI value that the base station can acquire.

[0088] In one implementation, the transmitting device maps a reference signal sequence to a specific physical resource and transmits the reference signal through that physical resource. Both the reference signal sequence and the physical resource are known to both the transmitting device and the receiving device receiving the reference signal. Therefore, the receiving device can perform channel estimation based on the received reference signal.

[0089] refer to Figure 5 In some implementations, the process of a base station acquiring CSI may include: the base station sending a reference signal to the UE; the UE acquiring a CSI estimate based on the received reference signal, selecting a precoding vector from the codebook based on the CSI estimate, and feeding back the index of the precoding vector to the base station; and the base station determining the reconstructed CSI value by combining the index of the precoding vector. The reconstructed CSI value can be the CSI that is closest to the true CSI value that the base station can acquire.

[0090] The reference signal transmission process described below can be performed by either the base station or the UE. The channel measurement process can be performed by the UE when the base station transmits the reference signal, or by the base station when the UE transmits the reference signal. For ease of description, the means of transmitting the reference signal is hereinafter referred to as the transmitting means, and the means of measuring the channel based on the reference signal is hereinafter referred to as the receiving means.

[0091] 3) Antenna port An antenna port, also simply called a port, is a transmitting antenna that is identified by the receiver, or a transmitting antenna that can be distinguished in the spatial domain. Each virtual antenna can be configured with one antenna port, and each virtual antenna can be a weighted combination of multiple physical antennas. Each antenna port can correspond to a reference signal port.

[0092] 4) Quasi-co-location (QCL) If the large-scale properties (or channel characteristics) of a channel transmitting a symbol on one antenna port can be inferred from the channel transmitting a symbol on another antenna port, then the two antenna ports are said to be quasi-co-located.

[0093] Large-scale attributes (or channel characteristics) may include one or more of the following: delay spread, Doppler spread, Doppler shift, average delay, average gain, and spatial RX parameters. For example, spatial RX parameters may include angle of arrival (AOA), average AOA, AOA spread, angle of departure (AOD), average AOD, AOD spread, RX antenna spatial correlation parameters, Tx antenna spatial correlation parameters, transmit beam, receive beam, resource identifier, etc.

[0094] The angles mentioned above can be decomposition values ​​of different dimensions, or combinations of decomposition values ​​of different dimensions. The two antenna ports mentioned above can be antenna ports with different antenna port numbers, and / or antenna ports with the same antenna port number transmitting or receiving information in different time-domain and / or frequency-domain and / or code-domain resources, and / or antenna ports with different antenna port numbers transmitting or receiving information in different time-domain and / or frequency-domain and / or code-domain resources. For example, resource identifiers can include CSI-RS resource identifiers, SRS resource identifiers, synchronization signal / synchronization block resource identifiers, demodulation reference signal (DMRS) resource identifiers, or resource identifiers of preamble sequences transmitted on the physical random access channel (PRACH).

[0095] 3GPP introduced the concept of QCL (Quick Channel Shift) in LTE and 5G to assist receiving devices in channel estimation. For example, if a receiving device obtains that the channels corresponding to two different antenna ports are QCL in terms of Doppler shift, the receiving device can determine the Doppler shift of one antenna port and then apply the result to both antenna ports for channel estimation. This avoids the receiving device calculating the Doppler shift of each antenna port separately. As can be seen above, 3GPP only utilizes the commonalities of different antenna ports, without utilizing the correlations between them, which helps improve the accuracy of channel estimation. Therefore, embodiments of this application provide auxiliary information for channel estimation. The auxiliary information can indicate the correlation between different channels; for example, the auxiliary information indicates the relationship between a first channel and a second channel, and the receiving device can obtain the coefficients of the second channel based on the coefficients of the first channel and the auxiliary information. This improves the accuracy of channel estimation, and since the transmitting device does not need to transmit a reference signal corresponding to the second channel to obtain the second channel coefficients, signaling overhead can be saved.

[0096] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0097] In this application, the superscript "H" indicates the matrix operation of conjugate transpose, and the superscript "-1" indicates the matrix pseudo-inverse operation.

[0098] refer to Figure 6 This diagram illustrates a schematic flowchart of a communication method 600 according to an embodiment of this application. The communication method 600 can be applied to... Figure 1 The communication system 100 shown is shown.

[0099] In S610, the receiving device receives a reference signal.

[0100] Accordingly, the transmitting device sends a reference signal.

[0101] For example, the receiving device is a base station, and the transmitting device is a UE. In this example, the reference signal is an uplink reference signal, such as SRS or DMRS of the physical uplink share channel (PUSCH).

[0102] For example, the receiving device is the UE, and the transmitting device is the base station. In this example, the reference signal is the downlink reference signal, such as CSI-RS or DMRS of the physical downlink share channel (PDSCH).

[0103] In S620, the receiving device performs channel estimation based on the reference signal to obtain the first channel coefficients corresponding to the first channel.

[0104] In this application, channel coefficients represent one or more values ​​of the channel matrix. For example, the receiving device performs channel estimation based on a reference signal and determines the matrix of a first channel based on the channel estimation result; the values ​​of the matrix of the first channel can be called first channel coefficients.

[0105] This application does not restrict how the channel matrix is ​​obtained. For example, the channel matrix can be obtained as follows: Y=H S, or Y=H S+N, where Y represents the received reference signal, S represents the transmitted reference signal, and N represents the channel noise.

[0106] In S630, the receiving device obtains the second channel coefficient corresponding to the second channel based on the first channel coefficient and auxiliary information, wherein the auxiliary information indicates the relationship between the first channel and the second channel.

[0107] The auxiliary information indicates the relationship between the first channel and the second channel, so the receiving device can obtain the second channel coefficient based on the first channel coefficient and the auxiliary information.

[0108] In one possible implementation, the first and second channels can be represented by different locations, thus auxiliary information can indicate the relationship between these different locations. Locations can typically be represented by three dimensions: time, frequency, and space. Therefore, auxiliary information can indicate the relationship between one or more of the following: different time-domain locations, different frequency-domain locations, or different spatial-domain locations. For example, auxiliary information can indicate one or more of the following: a Tx antenna port in the time domain, a Tx antenna port in the frequency domain, an Rx antenna port in the time domain, and an Rx antenna port in the frequency domain. Spatial-domain locations can be represented by antenna ports, such as Tx antenna ports and Rx antenna ports.

[0109] In another possible implementation, the first and second channels can be represented by the same location. In this implementation, obtaining the second channel coefficients based on the first channel coefficients and auxiliary information can be used to reconstruct or recover the received signal to compensate for signal distortion caused by channel fading and noise. For example, the first and second channels can be represented by the location of a reference signal, where the first channel represents the channel from the Tx antenna port to the Rx antenna port without considering signal distortion, and the second channel represents the channel from the Tx antenna port to the Rx antenna port considering signal distortion.

[0110] In some embodiments, the auxiliary information may indicate one or more of the following: the Tx antenna port in the time domain, the Tx antenna port in the frequency domain, the Rx antenna port in the time domain, and the Rx antenna port in the frequency domain.

[0111] In one possible implementation, the auxiliary information can indicate the Tx antenna port in the frequency or time domain. Specifically, the auxiliary information can indicate the relationship between two channels (e.g., a first channel and a second channel) corresponding to two different Tx antenna ports. For example, if the reference signal is CSI-RS, then the Tx antenna port refers to the transmit antenna port on the base station side. As another example, if the reference signal is DMRS of PDSCH / PDCCH, then the Tx antenna port is the DMRS antenna port of PDSCH / PDCCH.

[0112] In another possible implementation, the auxiliary information can indicate the Rx port in the frequency or time domain. Specifically, the auxiliary information can indicate the relationship between two channels (e.g., a first channel and a second channel) corresponding to two different Rx antenna ports. For example, if the reference signal is SRS, then the Rx antenna port refers to the receive antenna port on the base station side. Similarly, if the reference signal is DMRS of PUSCH / physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), then the Rx antenna port refers to the DMRS antenna port of PUSCH / PUCCH.

[0113] In another possible implementation, the auxiliary information can indicate the Rx antenna port and the Tx antenna port in the frequency or time domain. Specifically, the auxiliary information can indicate the relationship between two channels (e.g., a first channel and a second channel) corresponding to two different Rx and Tx antenna ports. For example, if the reference signal is SRS, then the Rx antenna port refers to the receive antenna port on the base station side, and the Tx antenna port refers to the transmit antenna port on the UE side. Similarly, if the reference signal is DMRS of PUSCH / PUCCH, then the Rx antenna port refers to the DMRS antenna port of PUSCH / PUCCH, and the Tx antenna port refers to the transmit antenna port on the UE side.

[0114] In some embodiments, the receiving device obtains the second channel coefficients by performing a linear or nonlinear transformation on the first channel coefficients and auxiliary information.

[0115] In some embodiments, the auxiliary information includes one or more of the following: matrix-based information, vector-based information, tensor-based information, and manifold information. Several examples exist.

[0116] Example #1: Auxiliary information is matrix-based.

[0117] The auxiliary information can indicate one or more of the time-domain, frequency-domain, and spatial-domain information. Specifically, in this example #1, the auxiliary information can be a matrix. For example, the auxiliary information includes rows and columns, where the rows and columns can represent any two of the following: Tx antenna port, Rx antenna port, frequency domain location, and time domain location.

[0118] For example, auxiliary information can indicate the relationship between different Rx antenna ports at a specific location (e.g., the location of frequency-domain radio resources, and / or the location of time-domain radio resources), including a first Rx antenna port corresponding to a first channel and a second Rx antenna port corresponding to a second channel. The receiving device can perform channel estimation based on the reference signal received from the first Rx antenna port and obtain a first channel coefficient; the receiving device can obtain a second channel coefficient based on the first channel coefficient and the auxiliary information.

[0119] In some embodiments, in this example #1, auxiliary information is determined based on one or more of the following: a first matrix and a second matrix. The first matrix and the second matrix represent channel space basis matrices, with the first matrix having a larger dimension than the second matrix. For example, the first matrix indicates the relationships between all antenna ports, and the second matrix is ​​equivalent to selecting several locations from the first matrix, thereby reducing the dimensionality.

[0120] In one possible implementation, the auxiliary information satisfies form 1.

[0121] Format 1:

[0122] The parameters in Form 1 are explained below.

[0123] (1) Indicates supplementary information.

[0124] For example, ,in, s This indicates the number of resources allocated to the second channel. This represents the number of supplementary resources allocated to the reference signal. This represents a complex matrix. The dimension of the second channel coefficients can be greater than or equal to the dimension of the first channel coefficients, i.e. .if The process by which the receiving device obtains the second channel coefficient based on the first channel coefficient and auxiliary information can be called channel interpolation. If The process by which the receiving device obtains the second channel coefficient based on the first channel coefficient and auxiliary information can be called channel estimation or channel filtering.

[0125] (2) This represents the first matrix.

[0126] For example, , r This indicates the number of resources allocated to the reference signal. For example, choose r This ensures that the sum of the first r singular values ​​of the channel matrix is ​​not less than the first threshold. For example, choosing... r This ensures that the resource density does not exceed the second threshold. The index set of resources allocated to the reference signal is a subset of the index set of supplementary resources allocated to the reference signal, i.e. .

[0127] In one possible implementation, U By means of The singular vector decomposition (SVD) is performed to determine this, where... . This could be a training channel matrix used to determine auxiliary information. For example, ,in, It is a unitary matrix. For example, suppose s ≥ m ,but U You can choose The former r It is determined by column vectors.

[0128] and m The physical meaning depends on the type of reference signal. For example, if the reference signal is CSI-RS, then Indicates the original downlink channel. m It can include at least the Rx antenna port. For example, if the reference signal is the DMRS of PDSCH / PDCCH, then... This represents the downlink equivalent channel (a channel with precoding). m It can include at least the Rx antenna port. For example, if the reference signal is SRS, then... Indicates the original uplink channel. m It can include at least the Rx antenna port. For example, if the reference signal is the DMRS of PUSCH / PUCCH, then... This represents the uplink equivalent channel (a channel with precoding). m It can include at least an Rx antenna port.

[0129] (3) This represents the second matrix.

[0130] , Indicates based on The position matrix of the supplementary reference signal at the principal component position. , .

[0131] In one possible implementation, the second channel coefficient is obtained according to form 2.

[0132] Form 2:

[0133] The parameters in Form 2 are explained below.

[0134] The vector representing the second channel coefficients. .

[0135] The vector representing the first channel coefficients. .

[0136] refer to Figure 7 (a)-7(c) illustrate the auxiliary information (matrix-based information) used to obtain the second channel coefficients. Figure 7 As shown in (a), the transmitting device is in Figure 7 The four locations shown in the shaded area of ​​(a) transmit reference signals using antenna port i, and correspondingly, the receiving device receives the reference signals. The receiving device performs channel estimation based on the reference signals to obtain a first channel coefficient. vectors, such as Figure 7 As shown in (a), Assuming The receiving device obtains the second channel coefficient according to form 2. vectors, such as Figure 7 As shown in the shaded area of ​​(b), for example, the process by which the receiving device acquires the vector of the second channel coefficients can be called channel estimation or channel filtering. Assuming... The receiving device obtains the second channel coefficient according to form 2. vectors, such as Figure 7 As shown in the shaded area of ​​(c), for example, the process by which the receiving device acquires the vector of the second channel coefficients can be called channel interpolation.

[0137] Example #2: Auxiliary information is based on tensor information.

[0138] The auxiliary information can indicate one or more of the time-domain, frequency-domain, and spatial-domain information. Specifically, in this example #2, the auxiliary information can be three-dimensional; for example, the auxiliary information can indicate any three of the following: Tx antenna port, Rx antenna port, frequency domain location, and time domain location.

[0139] For example, auxiliary information can indicate the relationship between different Tx antenna ports and different Rx antenna ports at a specific location (e.g., the location of frequency-domain radio resources, and / or the location of time-domain radio resources). The different Tx antenna ports include a first Tx antenna port corresponding to a first channel and a second Tx antenna port corresponding to a second channel, and the different Rx antenna ports include a first Rx antenna port corresponding to the first channel and a second Rx antenna port corresponding to the second channel. The receiving device can perform channel estimation based on a reference signal transmitted by the first Tx antenna port and received by the first Rx antenna port, and obtain a first channel coefficient. The receiving device can then obtain a second channel coefficient based on the first channel coefficient and the auxiliary information.

[0140] In one possible implementation, in this example #2, the auxiliary information satisfies form 2.

[0141] Example #2 is similar to Example #1, except that the first matrix... It is determined using different methods. In example #2, in one possible implementation, U By means of The matrix decomposition method, High-Order Singular Vector Decomposition (HOSVD), is used to determine this. . It can be a training channel tensor used to determine auxiliary information. For example, ,in, Represents the core channel tensor. , s' ≤ s ,and .For example, U You can choose The former r It is determined by column vectors.

[0142] and m The physical meaning depends on the type of reference signal. For example, if the reference signal is CSI-RS, then Indicates the original downlink channel. m It can include at least the Rx antenna port. For example, if the reference signal is the DMRS of PDSCH / PDCCH, then... This represents the downlink equivalent channel (a channel with precoding). m It can include at least an Rx antenna port. n It can include at least MUUE. For example, if the reference signal is SRS, then... Indicates the original uplink channel. mIt can include at least the Rx antenna port. For example, if the reference signal is the DMRS of PUSCH / PUCCH, then... This represents the uplink equivalent channel (a channel with precoding). m It may include at least the Rx antenna port, and n may include at least the MU UE.

[0143] In one possible implementation, the second channel coefficients are obtained according to form 2. This implementation has been described in detail above, and for the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0144] Example #3: The auxiliary information is manifold information.

[0145] Ancillary information can indicate one or more of time-domain, frequency-domain, and spatial-domain information. Specifically, in this example #3, ancillary information can indicate paths at different locations within the same domain, such as two different frequency-domain locations.

[0146] For example, auxiliary information can indicate the relationship between different frequency domain positions, including positions corresponding to the first channel and positions corresponding to the second channel. The receiving device can perform channel estimation based on the received reference signal and obtain the first channel coefficients; the receiving device can obtain the second channel coefficients based on the first channel coefficients and the auxiliary information.

[0147] In some embodiments, the auxiliary information is vector-related to the first channel coefficients.

[0148] In one possible implementation, the auxiliary information satisfies form 3.

[0149] Form 3: ;

[0150] The parameters in Form 3 are explained below.

[0151] and Indicates auxiliary information, yes and The subspace angle between them. "acos" is the arccosine function. "atan" is the arctangent function. "Re" and "Im" represent taking the real and imaginary parts of the complex number, respectively. and It is a vector of the first channel coefficients. For example, , . k Indicates the number of Rx antenna ports.

[0152] and The physical meaning depends on the type of reference signal. For example, if the reference signal is CSI-RS, and This can represent the raw downlink channel vector. For example, if the reference signal is the DMRS of PDSCH / PDCCH, and This can represent the downlink equivalent channel vector (a pre-coded channel). For example, if the reference signal is SRS, and This can represent the original uplink channel vector. For example, if the reference signal is the DMRS of PUSCH / PUCCH, and It can represent the uplink equivalent channel vector (the channel with precoding).

[0153] In one possible implementation, the second channel coefficient is obtained according to form 4.

[0154] Form 4:

[0155] The parameters in Form 4 are explained below.

[0156] A vector representing the second channel coefficients. For example, .

[0157] “sin” is the arcsine function. “1j” represents the imaginary unit.

[0158] . express exist and The relative positions between them, 0≤t≤ s .

[0159] refer to Figure 8 This diagram illustrates the auxiliary information (manifold information) used to obtain the second channel coefficients. (See illustration.) Figure 8 As shown, the transmitting device is in Figure 8 The two locations shown in the black shaded area transmit reference signals using antenna port i, and correspondingly, the receiving device receives the reference signals. The receiving device performs channel estimation based on the reference signals to obtain a first channel coefficient. and vectors, such as Figure 8 As shown in the diagram. Furthermore, the receiving device obtains the second channel coefficient according to Form 4. vectors, such as Figure 8 As shown in the shaded area.

[0160] Example #4: Auxiliary information includes vector-based information.

[0161] The auxiliary information can indicate one or more of the time-domain, frequency-domain, and spatial-domain information. Specifically, in this example #4, the auxiliary information can be two-dimensional, and can indicate any two of the following: Tx antenna port, Rx antenna port, frequency-domain location, and time-domain location.

[0162] For example, auxiliary information can indicate the relationship between different Tx antenna ports at a specific location (e.g., the location of frequency-domain radio resources, and / or the location of time-domain radio resources), including a first Tx antenna port corresponding to a first channel and a second Tx antenna port corresponding to a second channel. The receiving device can perform channel estimation based on the reference signal transmitted from the first Tx antenna port and obtain a first channel coefficient; the receiving device can obtain a second channel coefficient based on the first channel coefficient and the auxiliary information.

[0163] In one possible implementation, the auxiliary information can be represented as .For example, The vector indicates the relationship between different Tx antenna ports on subcarrier #i, for example, Each value is the correlation coefficient between two different Tx antenna ports on subcarrier #i. The receiving device can perform channel estimation based on the reference signal transmitted from one of the different Tx antenna ports and obtain the coefficient of a channel corresponding to said Tx antenna port; the receiving device can then use the coefficient of a channel and auxiliary information ( Obtain the coefficients of another channel corresponding to another Tx antenna port in a different Tx antenna port.

[0164] The above describes matrix-based information, vector-based information, tensor-based information, and manifold information, which can be used individually or in combination. Below is an example of a combination of these information types.

[0165] Example #5: Auxiliary information includes matrix-based information and manifold information.

[0166] In this example #5, the auxiliary information includes matrix-based information and manifold information. For matrix-based information, please refer to Example #1, and for manifold information, please refer to Example #2.

[0167] In some embodiments, the second channel coefficient can be obtained by: obtaining an intermediate channel coefficient based on one of the first channel coefficient and auxiliary information, and obtaining the second channel coefficient based on the intermediate channel coefficient and other auxiliary information.

[0168] In one possible implementation, the second channel coefficient is obtained according to form 5.

[0169] Form 5: ,in, ,and .

[0170] The parameters in Form 5 are explained below.

[0171] A vector representing the second channel coefficients. For example, . Indicates the intermediate channel coefficients. . express The first element, express The s-th element. “k–1” represents the k-th Rx antenna port. It can be obtained according to form 2. For explanations of other parameters, please refer to Example #1 and Example #3.

[0172] refer to Figure 9 The diagram illustrates the auxiliary information (matrix-based information and manifold information) used to obtain the second channel coefficients. Figure 9 As shown in (a), the transmitting device is in Figure 9 The four locations shown in the black shaded area of ​​(a) transmit reference signals using antenna port i, and correspondingly, the receiving device receives the reference signals. The receiving device performs channel estimation based on the reference signals to obtain a first channel coefficient. vectors, such as Figure 9 As shown in (a), and Assuming The receiving device obtains the intermediate channel coefficients according to form 2. vectors, such as Figure 9 As shown in the black shaded area of ​​(b), the receiving device obtains the second channel coefficient according to form 5. vectors, such as Figure 9 As shown in the shaded area of ​​(c).

[0173] The above is a description of the forms of auxiliary information. The forms mentioned above (e.g., forms 1 to 5) are exemplary illustrations, and any variations of the above forms are applicable to the embodiments of this application.

[0174] In some embodiments, the receiving device receives auxiliary information. Correspondingly, the transmitting device transmits the auxiliary information. Therefore, the receiving device can acquire the auxiliary information and then acquire a second channel coefficient based on the first channel coefficient and the auxiliary information. For example, the auxiliary information can be carried in any of the medium access control-control element (MAC CE), radio resource control (RRC), or control information. If the receiving device is a base station and the transmitting device is a UE, the control information can be uplink control information (UCI). If the receiving device is a UE and the transmitting device is a base station, the control information can be downlink control information (DCI).

[0175] The receiving device receiving auxiliary information is merely an example. For instance, the receiving device may determine the auxiliary information on its own.

[0176] In some embodiments, the auxiliary information can be configured as any of the following: periodic, semi-static, or aperiodic.

[0177] In one possible implementation, the auxiliary information can be configured to be periodic. In this implementation, the receiving and transmitting devices can periodically exchange auxiliary information according to its period. For example, the transmitting device periodically sends auxiliary information according to its period, and correspondingly, the receiving device periodically receives auxiliary information. The period can be carried in signaling (e.g., RRC).

[0178] In another possible implementation, the auxiliary information can be configured to be semi-static. In this implementation, the auxiliary information can be periodically exchanged between the receiving and transmitting devices based on the period of the auxiliary information and an activation signaling (e.g., MAC-CE). For example, the transmitting device sends an activation signaling to the receiving device, then the transmitting device periodically sends auxiliary information, and correspondingly, the receiving device periodically receives the auxiliary information.

[0179] In some embodiments, the auxiliary information can be configured according to any of the following: the type of reference signal, the resource set of the reference signal, or the antenna port of the reference signal. The resource set of the reference signal can be replaced with the resources of the reference signal.

[0180] In one possible implementation, the auxiliary information can be configured according to the antenna ports of the reference signal. In this implementation, for example in Example #1, the channel matrix is ​​trained... The row dimension can at least include a specific antenna port. For example, in Example #2, the channel matrix is ​​trained. The row dimension can include at least a specific antenna port.

[0181] In another possible implementation, the auxiliary information can be configured according to the resource set of the reference signal. In this implementation, for example, in Example #1, the channel matrix is ​​trained. The row dimension can at least include all antenna ports of a specific resource set sharing a reference signal. For example, in Example #2, the training channel matrix... The row dimension can include at least all antenna ports of a specific resource set that shares a reference signal.

[0182] In another possible implementation, the auxiliary information can be configured according to the type of the reference signal. In this implementation, for example, if the reference signal is CSI-RS, then... s (That is, the number of resources allocated to the second channel) can include all CSI-RS Rx antenna ports. For example, if the reference signal is SRS, then... s This can include all SRS Rx antenna ports. For example, if the reference signal is a DMRS for PDSCH / PDCCH / PUCCH / PUSCH, then... s It can include all DMRS antenna ports.

[0183] Assuming that auxiliary information can be configured according to the resource set of the reference signal, here are some examples.

[0184] Example #A: The resource set of the reference signal is divided according to the differences in the time domain.

[0185] The following assumptions are made: Based on the differences in the time domain, the resource set of the reference signal is divided into resource set #1, resource set #2 and resource set #3.

[0186] This represents auxiliary information configured for resource set #1, for example, 32 ports with an antenna array type of (2, 8, 2) (UPA, 2 vertical ports, 8 horizontal ports, and 2 cross-polarized ports), where... Resource set #1 can be periodic; for example, the periodicity of resource set #1 is 10 ms.

[0187] This represents auxiliary information configured for resource set #2, for example, 32 ports with an antenna array type of (2, 8, 2) (UPA, 2 vertical ports, 8 horizontal ports, and 2 cross-polarized ports), where... Resource set #2 can be periodic; for example, the periodicity of resource set #2 is 15 ms.

[0188] This represents auxiliary information configured for resource set #3, for example, 32 ports with an antenna array type of (2, 8, 2) (UPA, 2 vertical ports, 8 horizontal ports, and 2 cross-polarized ports), where... Resource set #3 can be semi-static.

[0189] Example #B: The resource set of the reference signal is divided according to the differences in the antenna port domain.

[0190] The following assumption is made: Based on the differences in the antenna port domain, the resource set of the reference signal is divided into resource set #4.

[0191] This represents auxiliary information configured for resource set #4, for example, 64 ports with an antenna array type of (4, 8, 2) (UPA, 4 vertical ports, 8 horizontal ports, and 2 cross-polarized ports), where... Resource set #4 can be periodic, for example, its periodicity is 10 ms. Ports #1 through #32 can reuse those from example #A. Ports #33 to #64 can reuse those from Example #A .

[0192] Example #C: Resource set #1 is used to transmit DMRS, resource set #2 is used to transmit CSI-RS, and the auxiliary information configured for resource set #1 can be from Example #A. .

[0193] In the embodiments of this application, "and / or" describes the association relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three cases: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates an "OR" relationship between related objects. "At least one" refers to one or more. "At least one of A and B" is similar to "A and / or B" in describing the association relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, at least one of A and B can represent the following three cases: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.

[0194] The above combination Figures 6 to 9 The method according to embodiments of this application is described in detail below. Figures 10 to 11 The apparatus provided in the embodiments of this application is described in detail. The description of the apparatus embodiments corresponds to the description of the method embodiments. Therefore, any content not described in detail can be referred to the above method embodiments. For the sake of brevity, further details are omitted here.

[0195] The above combination Figures 6 to 9 The communication method according to the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below. Figures 10 to 11The transmitting apparatus and receiving apparatus according to embodiments of this application are described in detail.

[0196] refer to Figure 10 The diagram illustrates a schematic block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application. The communication device 1000 includes a transceiver unit 1010 and a processing unit 1020. The transceiver unit 1010 can implement corresponding communication functions, and the processing unit 1010 is used to perform data processing. The transceiver unit 1010 can also be referred to as a communication interface or a communication unit.

[0197] In some embodiments, the communication device 1000 may further include a storage unit. The storage unit may be used to store instructions and / or data. The processing unit 1020 may read the instructions and / or data from the storage unit to enable the communication device to implement the method embodiments described above.

[0198] The communication device 1000 can be used to perform the actions performed by the transmitting device in the above method embodiments. In this case, the communication device 1000 can be the transmitting device or a component that can be configured in the transmitting device. The transceiver unit 1010 is used to perform the receiving / transmitting related operations on the transmitting device side in the above method embodiments. The processing unit 1020 is used to perform the processing related operations on the transmitting device side in the above method embodiments.

[0199] Alternatively, the communication device 1000 can be used to perform the actions performed by the receiving device in the above method embodiments. In this case, the communication device 1000 can be a receiving device or a component that can be configured in the receiving device. The transceiver unit 1010 is used to perform the receiving / transmitting related operations on the receiving device side in the above method embodiments. The processing unit 1020 is used to perform the processing related operations on the receiving device side in the above method embodiments.

[0200] In one design, the communication device 1000 is used to perform the actions performed by the receiving device in the above method embodiments.

[0201] In one implementation, the transceiver unit 1010 is used to receive a reference signal; the processing unit 1020 is used to perform channel estimation based on the reference signal to obtain a first channel coefficient corresponding to a first channel; the processing unit 1020 is used to obtain a second channel coefficient corresponding to a second channel based on the first channel coefficient and auxiliary information, wherein the auxiliary information indicates the relationship between the first channel and the second channel.

[0202] The communication device 1000 can implement the embodiments of this application. Figures 6 to 9 The steps or processes performed by the receiving device in the communication device 1000. Figures 6 to 9 The receiving device in the communication device 1000 is a unit that executes the method. Furthermore, each unit in the communication device 1000 and the other operations and / or functions described above are used to implement... Figures 6 to 9 The corresponding process in the text.

[0203] In another design, the communication device 1000 is used to perform the actions performed by the sending device in the above method embodiment.

[0204] In one implementation, the transceiver unit 1010 is used to transmit a reference signal; the transceiver unit 1010 is used to transmit auxiliary information, the auxiliary information indicating the relationship between the first channel and the second channel, the second channel coefficient corresponding to the second channel is determined based on the first channel coefficient corresponding to the first channel and the auxiliary information, the first channel coefficient is obtained by performing channel estimation on the first channel using the reference signal.

[0205] The communication device 1000 can implement the embodiments of this application. Figures 6 to 9 The steps or processes performed by the transmitting device in the communication device 1000. Figures 6 to 9 The unit is the transmitting device in the communication device 1000 that performs the method. Furthermore, each unit in the communication device 1000 and the other operations and / or functions described above are used to implement... Figures 6 to 9 The corresponding process in the text.

[0206] The specific processes by which each unit performs the corresponding steps described above are detailed in the above method embodiments. For the sake of brevity, these will not be repeated here.

[0207] refer to Figure 11 The diagram illustrates a schematic block diagram of another communication device according to an embodiment of this application. The communication device 1100 includes a processor 1110. The processor 1110 is coupled to a memory 1120. The memory 1120 is used to store computer programs or instructions and / or data. The processor 1110 is used to execute the computer programs or instructions and / or data stored in the memory 1120, thus performing the methods described in the above method embodiments.

[0208] In some embodiments, the communication device 1100 includes one or more processors 1110.

[0209] In one example, such as Figure 11 As shown, the communication device 1100 may also include a memory 1120.

[0210] In some embodiments, the communication device 1100 may include one or more memories 1120.

[0211] In one example, memory 1120 may be integrated with processor 1110 or set up separately from processor 1110.

[0212] In one example, such as Figure 11As shown, the communication device 1100 may further include a transceiver 1130, wherein the transceiver 1130 is used to receive and / or transmit signals. For example, the processor 1110 may be used to control the transceiver 1130 to receive and / or transmit signals.

[0213] In one embodiment, the communication device 1100 is used to perform the operations performed by the transmitting device in the above method embodiments.

[0214] For example, processor 1110 can be used to perform processing-related operations performed by the transmitting device in the above method embodiments, and transceiver 1130 can be used to perform receiving / transmitting-related operations performed by the transmitting device in the above method embodiments.

[0215] In another embodiment, the communication device 1100 is used to perform the operations performed by the receiving device in the above method embodiments.

[0216] For example, processor 1110 can be used to perform processing-related operations performed by the receiving device in the above method embodiments, and transceiver 1130 can be used to perform receiving / transmitting-related operations performed by the receiving device in the above method embodiments.

[0217] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for implementing the method executed by the transmitting device or the receiving device in the above method embodiments.

[0218] For example, when a computer program is executed by a computer, the computer can implement the method executed by the transmitting device or the receiving device in the above method embodiments.

[0219] This application also provides a computer program product including instructions. When the instructions are executed by a computer, the computer implements the method executed by the transmitting device or the receiving device in the above method embodiments.

[0220] This application also provides a communication system. The communication system includes the transmitting device and receiving device described in the above embodiments.

[0221] The explanation and beneficial effects of any of the communication devices provided above can be found in the corresponding method embodiments provided above. Further details are omitted here.

[0222] The processor mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be a central processing unit (CPU). The processor can also be another general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or another programmable logic device, discrete gate, transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, etc. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or the processor can be any conventional processor.

[0223] The memory mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, and may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM). For example, RAM can be used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, RAM can include a variety of forms, such as the following: static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double-rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous interconnected dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus RAM (DR RAM).

[0224] It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, another programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) can be integrated into the processor.

[0225] It should also be noted that the memory described in this specification is intended to include, but is not limited to, these memories and any other suitable types of memory.

[0226] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and methods of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in this specification can be implemented in electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented by hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but it should not be considered that the implementation methods are beyond the scope of this application.

[0227] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the detailed operation of the above-described apparatus and units can be found in the corresponding processes of the above method embodiments. Further elaboration is not required here.

[0228] In the several embodiments provided in this application, the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the described apparatus embodiments are merely examples. For example, dividing into units is only a logical functional division and may be other divisions in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components may be merged or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or described may be implemented through some interface. Indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be implemented in electronic, mechanical or other forms.

[0229] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to implement the solution provided in this application, depending on actual needs.

[0230] In addition, the functional units in the embodiments of this application can be integrated into one unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0231] All or part of the above embodiments can be implemented using software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When an embodiment is implemented using software, all or part of the embodiment can be implemented in the form of a computer program product. A computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of them generate a process or function according to the embodiments of this application. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or another programmable device. For example, a computer can be a personal computer, a server, a network device, etc. Computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transferred from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, computer instructions can be transferred from a website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, or digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, radio, and microwave, etc.) means. A computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer or a data storage device integrating one or more available media, such as a server or data center. Available media can be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., DVDs), semiconductor media (e.g., SSDs), etc. For example, the available media can include, but are not limited to, any medium that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, external hard drive, ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0232] The above description is merely some specific implementations of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any variations or substitutions that are readily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application are within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims and the specification.

[0233] Methods and apparatus for pairing multiple users in a massive MIMO system This application relates to wireless communication in wireless networks.

[0234] Abbreviation Definition

[0235] MIMO and MU-MIMO MIMO systems are widely used in modern wireless systems to improve system capacity and bandwidth efficiency by utilizing the spatial diversity between antenna ports. For example, on a given subcarrier or RE, by One Tx antenna port and A transceiver consisting of Rx antenna ports × MIMO channel, denoted as × Complex matrix . × MIMO channels can be decomposed using SVD: ,in, yes × Square orthogonal matrix (such that) ), yes × Square orthogonal matrix (such that) ), yes × A rectangular diagonal matrix. The rank does not exceed and The smaller one between them, i.e. According to SVD, if the transmitter applies a precoding matrix... The receiver uses a receiver matrix. ,but × MIMO channels will become Several independent and parallel (orthogonal) sub-channels are shown below:

[0236] Each subchannel has a scaled channel response ( ),Right now The i-th diagonal element (singular value, Accordingly, the SNR on the i-th sub-channel is defined as... In wireless systems, only subchannels with an SNR higher than a threshold are considered valid subchannels for transmission. The remaining (or surviving) valid subchannels are called MIMO streams.

[0237] This SNR-based truncation scheme converts standard SVD into rank-reduced SVD by discarding sub-channels with SNR below one or more thresholds: (Reduced SVD), where, yes × Orthogonal matrix ( ), yes × Orthogonal matrix ( ), yes × A square diagonal matrix. MIMO stream count is When the transmitter applies a precoding matrix The corresponding receiver uses a reception matrix. hour, × The MIMO channel will become:

[0238] at this time, yes × Diagonal matrix.

[0239] Mathematically speaking, the precoding matrix at the transmitter and the receiving matrix at the receiver Through MIMO channel A linear transformation is applied to these remaining sub-channels to coordinate the entire MIMO channel. Its MIMO gain or spatial diversity gain is calculated using the synthesized SNR. This is attributed to the inherent spatial diversity of the MIMO channel between the transmitter and receiver, which is dependent on the wireless environment. Empirically, wireless channels in complex environments such as city centers tend to have a higher MIMO stream number than in simpler environments because tall buildings provide more spatial diversity through greater reflectivity.

[0240] To achieve higher MIMO gain, wireless systems increase the number of antenna ports, i.e. and This will increase the upper limit of the number of MIMO streams, because However, in reality, Compared to its upper limit Much smaller. In this context, MU-MIMO is proposed: more than one MIMO channel will be controlled by a common precoder. Multiplexing. Assume two MIMO channels on the same RE. and If they are very different, it is likely that a common precoder can be found to reuse the two channels; however, assuming two MIMO channels on the same RE... and If they are nearly identical, it is unlikely that a common precoder can be found to reuse the two channels.

[0241] From a mathematical perspective, this common precoder With pre-encoder and Related. Through The two precoders are concatenated into one, where, yes × Matrix. Their common precoder is ,in, yes × Matrix. If and If they are orthogonal, then Approaching the identity matrix, This means that the transmitter can continue to use the UE-1 precoder matrix. and UE-2 precoder matrix This allows for simultaneous reuse on this RE without MAI occurring. If and If they are the same, then Approaching a singular matrix (non-invertible), therefore no common precoder is available. These two UEs cannot be paired together. Most real-world scenarios fall into these two extreme examples. It is neither an identity matrix nor a singular matrix. The transmitter must compute a common precoder for all possible combinations and then find the optimal common precoder. However, this is an NP-hard problem. Suppose a transmitter has 200 candidate receivers. Theoretically, this transmitter must compute a common precoder for different receiver combinations. Different common precoder An exhaustive search is performed during the computation. Furthermore, to increase... To approach the level of an identity matrix and pair more receivers, we typically make This prompts wireless systems to use more antenna ports between the transmitter and receiver, or more accurately, a higher MIMO antenna port ratio. ).

[0242] After calculating the common precoder The transmitter then multiplies the signal it sends by the common precoder.

[0243] MU-MIMO Engineering Trade-offs In wireless systems, MU-MIMO is typically used in deep learning systems where the BS is the transmitter and the UE is the receiver. Multiple UEs' MIMO channels communicate through a common precoder. Pair them up to reuse them on the same RE (frequency) and the same time duration (timing).

[0244] To achieve high throughput and system efficiency, modern MU-MIMO systems have a large number of antenna ports over a wide bandwidth. For example, in a (6G) T-MIMO system, the BS is expected to have 1024 antenna ports, while the UE has 32 antenna ports over a 500 MHz bandwidth. The UE's MIMO channel becomes a three-dimensional tensor ( × × ).

[0245] Key Trade-off 1: DL / UL Channel Reciprocity Assumption Although MU-MIMO pairing is implemented on the DL channel between a BS and multiple UEs, it is impractical for each associated UE to report or feedback its DL channel estimate to the BS because this would result in significant UL feedback overhead due to the large dimensionality of T-MIMO channels. In TDD systems, it is assumed that the DL channel between a BS and a UE can approximate the UL channel between the BS and the UE. In 4G and 5G-NR systems, the SRS UL channel is designated for UL channel measurement or estimation for this purpose. The SRS UL channel is shared by multiple UEs. These UEs transmit their own SRS reference signals at the SRS pilot position, allowing the BS to estimate their UL MIMO channels individually. In 5G-NR, sharing is achieved by coding and multiplexing the modulated signals.

[0246] Key Trade-off 2: Implementation of random or quasi-random MU pairings As mentioned earlier, MU pairing is an NP-hard problem. Theoretically, the optimal pairing is the result of an exhaustive search (computation) of all possible combinations of candidate UEs (from 2 to all). However, this involves matrices... The computation of the pseudo-inverse is too long for real-time signal processing over one or several TTIs. In particular, when... When there are hundreds or even thousands of UEs paired, the matrix The pseudo-inverse may be computationally prohibited for most hardware implementations within a few TTIs. Due to complexity and latency constraints, exhaustive computation to search for the optimal pairing is rarely possible in practical implementations. Instead, a given number of paired UEs are randomly or quasi-randomly selected from a large candidate pool, and the process is first performed... Then, the common precoder matrix is ​​calculated. Empirically, the location of candidate UEs can be considered in the selection process. For example, empirical selection algorithms might favor paired UEs that are geographically distant from each other, as these UEs are more likely to have orthogonal MIMO channels. The number of paired UEs, for instance, is simply determined based on experience or hardware limitations.

[0247] Strictly speaking, the trade-off does not achieve pairing, but only leads to reversibility. Calculate the precoder matrix .

[0248] Assistance information for LTE and 5G-NR RS 3GPP introduced the concept of Quasi-Colocation (QCL) in LTE and 5G-NR to assist UEs in channel estimation, frequency offset error estimation, and synchronization processes. For example, if the UE knows that the radio channel corresponding to two different antenna ports is QCL in terms of Doppler shift, the UE can determine the Doppler shift of one antenna port and then apply the result to both antenna ports for channel estimation. This avoids the UE calculating the Doppler shift of each antenna port separately.

[0249] Antenna ports can be used to transmit physical channels or signals. Antenna ports can be defined such that the channel transmitting one symbol on an antenna port can be inferred from the channel transmitting another symbol on the same antenna port. Different antenna ports can correspond to different reference signals, which can be used for channel estimation and processing of physical channels transmitted on the same antenna port. Antenna ports corresponding to different reference signals can be located in the same location or in different locations. Due to differences in location, distance from the UE, signal path, etc., each channel of a signal from antenna ports at different locations can have substantially different scale properties. However, if the distance between antenna ports at different locations is not large, the ports may still have similar scale properties. It can be assumed that these antenna ports have the same scale properties. They are called quasi-co-located. Two antenna ports can be quasi-co-located if the scale properties of the channel transmitting one symbol on one antenna port can be inferred from the scale properties of the channel transmitting one symbol on another antenna port.

[0250] 5G NR supports multi-antenna transmission, beamforming, and simultaneous transmission from multiple geographically separated sites (CoMP). In this context, the channels associated with different antenna ports of the UE may even differ in terms of radio channel attributes, and the QCL antenna ports may be geographically separated. Therefore, QCL information is actually an auxiliary information for channel estimation, which utilizes the commonalities in channel attributes among different antenna ports.

[0251] Non-uniform pilot placement mode Both the 5G-NR SRS UL channel and CSI-RS DL channel employ a uniform pilot placement pattern, partly because it is one of the safest methods to ensure channel estimation performance, especially when there is little prior knowledge about the current channel, and partly because they are easy to describe, normalize, and align (configurate) across transceivers. However, uniform pilot placement is one of the least efficient patterns. Its density must be designed for statistically worst-case scenarios, which is rare in practice. In other words, in most real-world situations, the uniform pilot placement pattern specified in the 5G-NR standard may also be over-designed.

[0252] In 5G-NR, the average density of its uniform pilot placement pattern is approximately 7% to 17% of its radio resources used for pilots or reference signals. For example, each RB (consisting of 12 REs) has one reference signal, resulting in a pilot overhead of 8.33% (approximately 1 / 12). If the same uniform density were used in TMIMO, the overhead would be too large to handle. At the very least, these UEs at the edge would not be able to report large CSIs.

[0253] Theoretically, a non-uniform pilot placement pattern based on prior knowledge of the channel distribution would use less pilot overhead. First, how is this prior knowledge represented and discovered? It is proposed that prior knowledge about the high-dimensional signal space (MIMO channels can be considered as high-dimensional signal spaces) can be obtained using orthogonal bases. × (make) )express. It is the total dimension after vectorization. For example, × × The total dimension of the MIMO channel is . It is related to the complexity of prior knowledge. In mathematics, It is the number of principal components of prior knowledge.

[0254] Wireless channel properties that may be common across antenna ports include Doppler spread / frequency shift, average delay, delay spread, average gain, and spatial receiver parameters. These properties are referred to as "mass-scale properties." A brief definition of each property is given below. • Doppler Shift: Doppler shift is the frequency shift of a radio signal relative to the movement of the receiver. For example, if a gNB transmits a radio signal at frequency "X", but the receiver (UE) is moving away from the gNB, the same radio signal will have a frequency of "Y" when it reaches the UE due to the distance. This phenomenon is called Doppler shift. A real-life example is the sound emitted when a high-speed train approaches and quickly moves away from a person standing on a platform; this is called the Doppler shift of sound waves.

[0255] • Doppler spread: Doppler spread, also known as fading rate, is the difference between the signal frequency at Tx and Rx relative to time. For example, the rate at which the sound of a train changes over time is called Doppler spread.

[0256] • Average delay: When a signal is transmitted from multiple antennas, it is reflected through multiple paths by surrounding clutter before reaching the receiver. In a multipath scenario, the average time required for the receiver to receive all multipath components is called the average delay.

[0257] • Delay spread: The difference between the arrival time of the earliest effective multipath component (i.e., usually the line of sight (LOS) component) and the arrival time of the last multipath component is called delay spread.

[0258] • Spatial receiver parameters: Spatial receiver parameters refer to the beamforming properties of downlink received signals, such as the UE's main angle of arrival and average angle of arrival.

[0259] • The table below mentions 5G NR QCL types.

[0260]

[0261] Large-scale channel properties can include one or more of the following: average delay, delay spread, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, and average gain. Average delay can include first-order statistics of the channel's time properties. Delay spread can include second-order statistics of the channel's time properties. Doppler shift can include first-order statistics of the channel's frequency properties. Doppler spread can include second-order statistics of the channel's frequency properties. Average gain can include first-order statistics of the channel's amplitude properties. Large-scale properties estimated at the antenna port of the reference signal can be used to parameterize the channel estimator and compensate for possible time and frequency errors when deriving channel state information (CSI) feedback or performing demodulation.

[0262] Problems and Objectives Auxiliary information for LTE and 5G-NR RS, such as QCL The main drawback is that it only utilizes the commonalities of different antenna ports, without taking advantage of the correlations between them, which can help improve the accuracy of channel estimation based on a reference signal.

[0263] The focus of this application is to define a new type of auxiliary information for channel estimation based on RS, particularly for RS transmission in MIMO systems.

[0264] Overview New types of auxiliary information used for channel estimation are associated with reference signals and require interaction between the BS and UE.

[0265] • Auxiliary information can be • Matrix-based information • Vector-based information • Tensor-based information • Manifold information • Mixed matrix / tensor / vector and manifold information • Auxiliary information can be used to obtain the target channel coefficients by linear or nonlinear transformation of the channel coefficients measured from the associated reference signal. • The dimension of the target channel coefficients can be greater than or equal to the dimension of the measured channel coefficients. • The associated reference signal can be • CSI-RS, DMRS and SRS of PDSCH / PUSCH, etc. • Auxiliary information can be configured by RS type, RS resource set, or RS port. • Periodic, semi-static, or non-periodic • Auxiliary information can be • Only Tx or Rx ports in the time / frequency domain Tx and Rx ports in the time / frequency domain.

[0266] This application can be used to solve the channel estimation problem in T-MIMO systems with a large number of transmit and receive antenna ports and a large bandwidth. The same method can also be applied to ordinary MIMO systems (e.g., 5G MIMO systems) and even single-antenna systems.

[0267] Through this invention, the system will exhibit the following characteristics: Auxiliary information is needed for channel estimation, which is obtained from prior knowledge of the channel state of the target environment.

[0268] Based on the auxiliary information proposed in this approach, the accuracy of channel estimation will be improved. The auxiliary information used for channel estimation cloud also enables one or more pilot patterns that are sparser than one or more traditional pilot patterns (5G NR pilot design), and can be non-uniformly distributed along time-frequency-spatial resources.

[0269] Example Through this application, the system will exhibit the following characteristics: 1. Example 1 (Matrix-based auxiliary information) 1.1 Detailed Description of the Embodiments The new type of channel estimation auxiliary information is associated with a reference signal (RS) and needs to be exchanged between the gNB and the UE.

[0270] • In this embodiment, a new signaling is used to assist in channel estimation of the reference signal, and the signaling can be configured by the gNB.

[0271] • Channel estimation auxiliary information can be used to obtain / derive target channel coefficients on the UE side.

[0272] • Auxiliary information can be matrix-based.

[0273] • Assume the auxiliary information is represented as ,in, •matrix Represents the channel space basis; • A matrix finding Feasible methods: •set up To train the channel matrix. and The physical meaning depends on the associated RS and the specific scheme.

[0274] • If the associated RS is a CSI-RS or a PDSCH DM-RS, then It can include at least the Rx port on the UE side; •right Perform matrix factorization using SVD, denoted as ; • Without loss of generality, assume Then select The former Column vectors, and form a matrix. .

[0275] •matrix This represents the reduced channel space basis; the superscript "-1" indicates the matrix pseudo-inverse operation; •matrix Indicates based on The supplementary pilot position matrix at the principal component position; the superscript "H" indicates the matrix operation of conjugate transpose; • This indicates the number of resources allocated to RS; • A feasible indicator: selection This makes the front of the channel matrix The sum of the singular values ​​is not less than a given threshold.

[0276] • Another feasible indicator: selection This ensures that the resource density does not exceed a given threshold.

[0277] • This indicates the number of supplementary resources allocated to RS; • The set of indexes for resources allocated to RS is a subset of the set of indexes for supplementary resources allocated to RS, which means .

[0278] • This indicates the number of resources allocated to the target physical channel and / or physical signal; • Auxiliary information can be used to obtain the target channel coefficients by linear transformation of the channel coefficients measured from the associated reference signal.

[0279] • The process of obtaining the target channel coefficient using the channel coefficients measured at the pilot position is represented as follows: ,in, • A vector representing the channel coefficients measured at the pilot positions indicated by the gNB; • This represents a vector containing target channel coefficients, which are obtained using auxiliary information. and Obtained.

[0280] • As is well known, the following relationship exists: .

[0281] • The dimension of the target channel coefficients can be greater than or equal to the dimension of the measured channel coefficients.

[0282] • if This process is called channel interpolation. • if This process is called channel estimation or channel filtering.

[0283] • The associated reference signal can be • CSI-RS. Then train the channel matrix. Indicates the raw downlink channel; • DMRS of PDSCH. The trained channel matrix represents the downlink equivalent channel (channel with precoding). • The configuration of auxiliary information can • According to the RS port, then train the channel matrix. The row dimension will include at least the specific antenna port.

[0284] • According to the RS resource set, the training channel matrix is ​​then performed. The row dimension will include at least all antenna ports that share the same resource set.

[0285] • Example #1: Partitioning RS resource sets based on differences in the time domain.

[0286] • This indicates a periodic CSI-RS resource set #1, for example, 32 ports with an antenna array type of (2, 8, 2) (UPA, 2 vertical ports, 8 horizontal ports and 2 cross-polarized ports), periodicity = 10 ms; • This indicates a periodic CSI-RS resource set #2, for example, 32 ports with an antenna array type of (2, 8, 2) (UPA, 2 vertical ports, 8 horizontal ports and 2 cross-polarized ports), periodicity = 15 ms; • This indicates a semi-static CSI-RS resource set #3, for example, 32 ports, with an antenna array type of (2, 8, 2) (UPA, 2 vertical ports, 8 horizontal ports and 2 cross-polarized ports). • Example #2: Partitioning RS resource sets based on differences in the antenna port domain.

[0287] • This indicates a periodic CSI-RS resource set #4, for example, 64 ports with an antenna array type of (4, 8, 2) (UPA, 4 vertical ports, 8 horizontal ports, and 2 cross-polarized ports), with a periodicity of 10 ms; where, • Ports #1 through #32 reused in example #1 ; • Ports #33 to #64 reused in example #1 ; •Example #3: • gNB configures DM-RS for PDSCH resource set #1, which reuses auxiliary information from CSI-RS resource set #2 in example #1.

[0288] • According to RS type, then train the channel matrix. The row dimension will include at least all antenna ports.

[0289] • If the associated RS is a CSI-RS, then It can include all CSI-RS Tx ports; • If the associated RS is a DM-RS of PDSCH, then It can include all DM-RS ports; • Auxiliary information can be configured as • Periodic. The gNB and UE will periodically exchange auxiliary information according to a preset period (which can be configured by RRC).

[0290] • Semi-static. The gNB and UE will periodically exchange auxiliary information according to a preset period and the corresponding MAC control element (MAC CE).

[0291] • Non-periodic. The gNB and UE will exchange auxiliary information based on DCI signaling.

[0292] • Auxiliary information can be • Only the Tx port in the time / frequency domain.

[0293] • If the associated RS is CSI-RS, then the Tx port refers to the transmit antenna port on the gNB side.

[0294] • If the associated RS is the DM-RS of the PDSCH, then the Tx port refers to the DM-RS antenna port.

[0295] Figure 12 This is a flowchart of Example 1. Figure 13 and Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating the use of matrix-based channel estimation auxiliary information. Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating channel estimation or channel filtering. Figure 14 This is a diagram of channel interpolation.

[0296] 1.2 One or more technical advantages / advantages of the embodiments Matrix-based auxiliary information for channel estimation based on sparse RS of CSI-RS and / or DM-RS of PDSCH can be used to obtain target channel coefficients by linearly transforming the channel coefficients measured from the associated reference signal. Theoretically, this guarantees high accuracy in channel estimation.

[0297] 2. Example 2 (Auxiliary Information Based on Tensors) The new type of channel estimation auxiliary information is associated with a reference signal (RS) and needs to be exchanged between the gNB and the UE.

[0298] • In this embodiment, a new signaling is used to assist in channel estimation of the reference signal, and the signaling can be configured by the gNB.

[0299] • Channel estimation auxiliary information can be used to obtain / derive target channel coefficients on the UE side.

[0300] • Auxiliary information can be tensor-based information.

[0301] • Assume the auxiliary information is represented as ,in, •matrix Represents the channel space basis; • A matrix finding Feasible methods: •set up For training the channel tensor. , and The physical meaning depends on the associated RS and the specific scheme.

[0302] • If the associated RS is a CSI-RS or a PDSCH DM-RS, then It can include at least the Rx port on the UE side; • If the associated RS is a DM-RS of PDSCH, then It can include at least MU UE; •right Perform matrix factorization HOSVD, denoted as ;in, • Represents the core channel tensor; .

[0303] • Then select The former Column vectors, and form a matrix. .

[0304] •matrix This represents the reduced channel space basis; the superscript "-1" indicates the matrix pseudo-inverse operation; •matrix Indicates based on The supplementary pilot position matrix at the principal component position; the superscript "H" indicates the matrix operation of conjugate transpose; • This indicates the number of resources allocated to RS; • A feasible indicator: selection This makes the front of the channel matrix The sum of the singular values ​​is not less than a given threshold.

[0305] • Another feasible indicator: selection This ensures that the resource density does not exceed a given threshold.

[0306] • This indicates the number of supplementary resources allocated to RS; • The set of indexes for resources allocated to RS is a subset of the set of indexes for supplementary resources allocated to RS, which means .

[0307] • This indicates the number of resources allocated to the target physical channel and / or physical signal; • Auxiliary information can be used to obtain the target channel coefficients by linear transformation of the channel coefficients measured from the associated reference signal.

[0308] • The process of obtaining the target channel coefficient using the channel coefficients measured at the pilot position is represented as follows: ,in, • A vector representing the channel coefficients measured at the pilot positions indicated by the gNB; • This represents a vector containing target channel coefficients, which are obtained using auxiliary information. and Obtained.

[0309] • As is well known, the following relationship exists: .

[0310] • The dimension of the target channel coefficients can be greater than or equal to the dimension of the measured channel coefficients.

[0311] •if This process is called channel interpolation. •if This process is called channel estimation or channel filtering.

[0312] • The associated reference signal can be •CSI-RS. Then train the channel tensor. Indicates the raw downlink channel; • DMRS of PDSCH. The trained channel matrix represents the downlink equivalent channel (channel with precoding). • The configuration of auxiliary information can • According to the RS port, the training channel tensor is then used. The row dimension will include at least the specific antenna port.

[0313] • Auxiliary information can be configured as • Periodic. The gNB and UE will periodically exchange auxiliary information according to a preset period (which can be configured by RRC).

[0314] • Semi-static. The gNB and UE will periodically exchange auxiliary information according to a preset period and the corresponding MAC control element (MAC CE).

[0315] • Non-periodic. The gNB and UE will exchange auxiliary information based on DCI signaling.

[0316] • Auxiliary information can be • Only the Tx port in the time / frequency domain.

[0317] • If the associated RS is CSI-RS, then the Tx port refers to the transmit antenna port on the gNB side.

[0318] • If the associated RS is the DM-RS of the PDSCH, then the Tx port refers to the DM-RS antenna port.

[0319] Figure 15 This is a flowchart of Example 2.

[0320] 3. Example 3 (Manifold-based auxiliary information) The new type of channel estimation auxiliary information is associated with a reference signal (RS) and needs to be exchanged between the gNB and the UE.

[0321] • In this embodiment, a new signaling is used to assist in channel estimation of the reference signal, and the signaling can be configured by the gNB.

[0322] • Channel estimation auxiliary information can be used to obtain / derive target channel coefficients on the UE side.

[0323] • Auxiliary information can be manifold-based information.

[0324] • Assume that the auxiliary information is represented as parameters. and ,in, •set up and This is a known channel vector containing the channel coefficients measured at the pilot positions; • yes and The subspace angle between; the function "acos" is the inverse cosine function; the superscript "H" indicates the matrix operation of conjugate transpose.

[0325] • The function "atan" is the arctangent function; the functions "Re" and "Im" represent taking the real and imaginary parts of a complex number, respectively.

[0326] • This could be the number of Rx ports on the UE side; • Auxiliary information can be used to obtain the target channel coefficients by linear transformation of the channel coefficients measured from the associated reference signal.

[0327] • The process of obtaining the target channel coefficient using the channel coefficients measured at the pilot position is represented as follows: ,in, • This represents a vector containing the target channel coefficients.

[0328] • The function "sin" is the arcsine function; the symbol "1j" represents the imaginary unit.

[0329] • ; • express exist and The relative positions between them; • The associated reference signal can be •CSI-RS. Then the channel vector and Represents the original downlink channel vector; • DMRS of PDSCH. Then the channel vector and Represents the downlink equivalent channel vector (channel with precoding); • The configuration of auxiliary information can • According to the RS port.

[0330] • Auxiliary information can be configured as • Periodic. The gNB and UE will periodically exchange auxiliary information according to a preset period (which can be configured by RRC).

[0331] • Semi-static. The gNB and UE will periodically exchange auxiliary information according to a preset period and the corresponding MAC control element (MAC CE).

[0332] • Non-periodic. The gNB and UE will exchange auxiliary information based on DCI signaling.

[0333] • Auxiliary information can be • Only the Tx port in the time / frequency domain.

[0334] • If the associated RS is CSI-RS, then the Tx port refers to the transmit antenna port on the gNB side.

[0335] • If the associated RS is the DM-RS of the PDSCH, then the Tx port refers to the DM-RS antenna port.

[0336] Figure 16 This is a flowchart of Example 3. Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating the use of manifold-based channel estimation auxiliary information.

[0337] 4. Example 4 (Auxiliary Information Based on Matrices and Manifolds) The new type of channel estimation auxiliary information is associated with a reference signal (RS) and needs to be exchanged between the gNB and the UE.

[0338] • In this embodiment, a new signaling is used to assist in channel estimation of the reference signal, and the signaling can be configured by the gNB.

[0339] • Channel estimation auxiliary information can be used to obtain / derive target channel coefficients on the UE side.

[0340] • Auxiliary information can be a combination of matrix-based and manifold-based information.

[0341] • Assume the first part of the auxiliary information is represented as ,in, •matrix Represents the channel space basis; • A matrix finding Feasible methods: •set up To train the channel matrix. and The physical meaning depends on the associated RS and the specific scheme.

[0342] • If the associated RS is a CSI-RS or a PDSCH DM-RS, then It can include at least the Rx port on the UE side; •right Perform matrix factorization using SVD, denoted as ; • Without loss of generality, assume Then select The former Column vectors, and form a matrix. .

[0343] •matrix This represents the reduced channel space basis; the superscript "-1" indicates the matrix pseudo-inverse operation; •matrix Indicates based on The supplementary pilot position matrix at the principal component position; the superscript "H" indicates the matrix operation of conjugate transpose; • This indicates the number of resources allocated to RS; • A feasible indicator: selection This makes the front of the channel matrix The sum of the singular values ​​is not less than a given threshold.

[0344] • Another feasible indicator: selection This ensures that the resource density does not exceed a given threshold.

[0345] • This indicates the number of supplementary resources allocated to RS; • The set of indexes for resources allocated to RS is a subset of the set of indexes for supplementary resources allocated to RS, which means .

[0346] • This indicates the number of resources allocated to the target physical channel and / or physical signal; • Assume the second part of the auxiliary information is represented as parameters. and ,in, •set up and This is a known channel vector containing the channel coefficients measured at the pilot positions; • yes and The subspace angle between; the function "acos" is the inverse cosine function; the superscript "H" indicates the matrix operation of conjugate transpose.

[0347] • The function "atan" is the arctangent function; the functions "Re" and "Im" represent taking the real and imaginary parts of a complex number, respectively.

[0348] • This could be the number of Rx ports on the UE side; • Auxiliary information can be used to obtain the target channel coefficients by linear transformation of the channel coefficients measured from the associated reference signal.

[0349] • The first part of the process of obtaining the target channel coefficient using the channel coefficients measured at the pilot position is represented as follows: ,in, • A vector representing the channel coefficients measured at the pilot positions indicated by the gNB; • This represents a vector containing target channel coefficients, which are obtained using auxiliary information. and Obtained.

[0350] • As is well known, the following relationship exists: .

[0351] • The dimension of the target channel coefficients can be equal to the dimension of the measured channel coefficients. This means channel estimation or channel filtering.

[0352] • The second part of the process of obtaining the target channel coefficient using the channel coefficients measured at the pilot position is represented as follows: ,in, • This represents a vector containing the target channel coefficients.

[0353] • , express The first element in the array, where the subscript "k-1" indicates the k-th Rx port on the UE side.

[0354] • , express The s-th element in the array, where the subscript "k-1" represents the k-th Rx port on the UE side.

[0355] • The function "sin" is the arcsine function; the symbol "1j" represents the imaginary unit.

[0356] • ; • express exist and The relative positions between them; • The associated reference signal can be • CSI-RS. Then train the channel matrix. Represents the original downlink channel; channel vector and Represents the original downlink channel vector; • DMRS of PDSCH. The training channel matrix represents the downlink equivalent channel (channel with precoding), and the channel vector... and Represents the downlink equivalent channel vector (channel with precoding); • The configuration of auxiliary information can • According to the RS port, then train the channel matrix. The row dimension will include at least the specific antenna port.

[0357] • Auxiliary information can be configured as • Periodic. The gNB and UE will periodically exchange auxiliary information according to a preset period (which can be configured by RRC).

[0358] • Semi-static. The gNB and UE will periodically exchange auxiliary information according to a preset period and the corresponding MAC control element (MAC CE).

[0359] • Non-periodic. The gNB and UE will exchange auxiliary information based on DCI signaling.

[0360] • Auxiliary information can be • Only the Tx port in the time / frequency domain.

[0361] • If the associated RS is CSI-RS, then the Tx port refers to the transmit antenna port on the gNB side.

[0362] • If the associated RS is the DM-RS of the PDSCH, then the Tx port refers to the DM-RS antenna port.

[0363] Figure 18 This is a flowchart of Example 4. Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating the use of matrix-based and manifold-based channel estimation auxiliary information.

[0364] 4.1 One or more technical advantages / advantages of the embodiments Manifold-based auxiliary information for channel estimation based on sparse RS of CSI-RS and / or DM-RS of PDSCH can be used to obtain target channel coefficients by linearly transforming the channel coefficients measured from the associated reference signal. Theoretically, this guarantees high accuracy in channel estimation.

[0365] 5. Example 5 (Feedback Support Information) 5.1 Detailed Description of the Embodiments The new type of channel estimation auxiliary information is associated with a reference signal (RS) and needs to be exchanged between the gNB and the UE.

[0366] • In this embodiment, a new feedback information is used to assist in channel estimation of the reference signal, and the feedback information can be configured by the UE.

[0367] • Channel estimation auxiliary information can be used to obtain / derive target channel coefficients on the gNB side.

[0368] • Auxiliary information can be matrix-based.

[0369] • Assume the auxiliary information is represented as ,in, •matrix Represents the channel space basis; • A matrix finding Feasible methods: •set up To train the channel matrix. and The physical meaning depends on the associated RS and the specific scheme.

[0370] • If the associated RS is an SRS or a DM-RS of PUSCH / PUCCH, then It can include at least the Rx port on the BS side; •right Perform matrix factorization using SVD, denoted as ; • Without loss of generality, assume Then select The former Column vectors, and form a matrix. .

[0371] •matrix This represents the reduced channel space basis; the superscript "-1" indicates the matrix pseudo-inverse operation; •matrix Indicates based on The supplementary pilot position matrix at the principal component position; the superscript "H" indicates the matrix operation of conjugate transpose; • This indicates the number of resources allocated to RS; • A feasible indicator: selection This makes the front of the channel matrix The sum of the singular values ​​is not less than a given threshold.

[0372] • Another feasible indicator: selection This ensures that the resource density does not exceed a given threshold.

[0373] • This indicates the number of supplementary resources allocated to RS; • The set of indexes for resources allocated to RS is a subset of the set of indexes for supplementary resources allocated to RS, which means .

[0374] • This indicates the number of resources allocated to the target physical channel and / or physical signal; • Auxiliary information can be used to obtain the target channel coefficients by linear transformation of the channel coefficients measured from the associated reference signal.

[0375] • The process of obtaining the target channel coefficient using the channel coefficients measured at the pilot position is represented as follows: ,in, • A vector representing the channel coefficients measured at the pilot positions indicated by the gNB; • This represents a vector containing target channel coefficients, which are obtained using auxiliary information. and Obtained.

[0376] • As is well known, the following relationship exists: .

[0377] • The dimension of the target channel coefficients can be greater than or equal to the dimension of the measured channel coefficients.

[0378] •if This process is called channel interpolation. •if This process is called channel estimation or channel filtering.

[0379] • The associated reference signal can be •SRS. Then train the channel matrix. Indicates the original uplink channel; • DM-RS for PUSCH / PUCCH. The trained channel matrix represents the uplink equivalent channel (channel with precoding). • The configuration of auxiliary information can • According to the RS port, then train the channel matrix. The row dimension will include at least the specific antenna port.

[0380] • Auxiliary information can be configured as • Periodic. The gNB and UE will periodically exchange auxiliary information according to a preset period (which can be configured by RRC).

[0381] • Semi-static. The gNB and UE will periodically exchange auxiliary information according to a preset period and the corresponding MAC control element (MAC CE).

[0382] • Non-periodic. The gNB and UE will exchange auxiliary information based on DCI / UCI signaling.

[0383] • Auxiliary information can be • Only Rx ports in the time / frequency domain.

[0384] • If the associated RS is SRS, then the Rx port refers to the transmit antenna port on the UE side.

[0385] • If the associated RS is the DM-RS of PUSCH / PUCCH, then the Rx port refers to the DM-RS antenna port of PUSCH / PUCCH.

[0386] • Tx and Rx ports in the time / frequency domain.

[0387] • If the associated RS is SRS, then the Rx port refers to the transmit antenna port on the UE side, and the Tx port refers to the receive antenna port on the BS side.

[0388] • If the associated RS is the DM-RS of PUSCH / PUCCH, then the Rx port refers to the DM-RS antenna port of PUSCH / PUCCH, and the Tx port refers to the receiving antenna port on the BS side.

[0389] Figure 20 This is a flowchart of Example 5.

[0390] 5.2 One or more technical advantages / advantages of the embodiments Manifold-based auxiliary information for channel estimation based on sparse RS of CSI-RS and / or DM-RS of PDSCH can be used to obtain target channel coefficients by linearly transforming the channel coefficients measured from the associated reference signal. Theoretically, this guarantees high accuracy in channel estimation.

[0391] 6. Example 6 6.1 Detailed Description of the Embodiments Figure 21 This is a flowchart of Example 6-1. Figure 22 This is a diagram showing channel estimation auxiliary information that includes only the Rx port in the time / frequency domain.

[0392] The new type of channel estimation auxiliary information is associated with a reference signal (RS) and needs to be exchanged between the gNB and the UE.

[0393] • In this embodiment, a new signaling is used to assist in channel estimation of the reference signal, and the signaling can be configured by the gNB.

[0394] • Channel estimation auxiliary information can be used to obtain / derive target channel coefficients on the UE side.

[0395] • Auxiliary information can be matrix-based.

[0396] • Assume the auxiliary information is represented as ,in, •matrix Represents the channel space basis; • A matrix finding Feasible methods: •set up To train the channel matrix. and The physical meaning depends on the associated RS and the specific scheme.

[0397] • In this embodiment, if the associated RS is a CSI-RS or a DM-RS of PDSCH, then It can include at least an RS port; •right Perform matrix factorization using SVD, denoted as ; • Without loss of generality, assume Then select The former Column vectors, and form a matrix. .

[0398] •matrix This represents the reduced channel space basis; the superscript "-1" indicates the matrix pseudo-inverse operation; •matrix Indicates based on The supplementary pilot position matrix at the principal component position; the superscript "H" indicates the matrix operation of conjugate transpose; • This indicates the number of resources allocated to RS; • A feasible indicator: selection This makes the front of the channel matrix The sum of the singular values ​​is not less than a given threshold.

[0399] • Another feasible indicator: selection This ensures that the resource density does not exceed a given threshold.

[0400] • This indicates the number of supplementary resources allocated to RS; • The set of indexes for resources allocated to RS is a subset of the set of indexes for supplementary resources allocated to RS, which means .

[0401] • This indicates the number of resources allocated to the target physical channel and / or physical signal; • In this embodiment, It can include Rx ports.

[0402] • Auxiliary information can be used to obtain the target channel coefficients by linear transformation of the channel coefficients measured from the associated reference signal.

[0403] • The process of obtaining the target channel coefficient using the channel coefficients measured at the pilot position is represented as follows: ,in, • A vector representing the channel coefficients measured at the pilot positions indicated by the gNB; • This represents a vector containing target channel coefficients, which are obtained using auxiliary information. and Obtained.

[0404] • As is well known, the following relationship exists: .

[0405] • The dimension of the target channel coefficients can be greater than or equal to the dimension of the measured channel coefficients.

[0406] •if This process is called channel interpolation. •if This process is called channel estimation or channel filtering.

[0407] • The associated reference signal can be • CSI-RS. Then train the channel matrix. Indicates the raw downlink channel; • DMRS of PDSCH. The trained channel matrix represents the downlink equivalent channel (channel with precoding). • The configuration of auxiliary information can • According to RS type, then train the channel matrix. The row dimension will include at least the specific antenna port.

[0408] • If the associated RS is a CSI-RS, then It can include all CSI-RS Tx ports; • If the associated RS is a DM-RS of PDSCH, then It can include all DM-RS ports; • Auxiliary information can be configured as • Periodic. The gNB and UE will periodically exchange auxiliary information according to a preset period (which can be configured by RRC).

[0409] • Semi-static. The gNB and UE will periodically exchange auxiliary information according to a preset period and the corresponding MAC control element (MAC CE).

[0410] • Non-periodic. The gNB and UE will exchange auxiliary information based on DCI signaling.

[0411] • Auxiliary information can be • Only Rx ports in the time / frequency domain.

[0412] • If the associated RS is a CSI-RS or a DM-RS of a PDSCH, then the Rx port refers to the receive antenna port on the UE side.

[0413] 6.2 One or more technical advantages / advantages of the embodiments Matrix-based auxiliary information for channel estimation based on sparse RS of CSI-RS and / or DM-RS of PDSCH can be used to obtain target channel coefficients by linearly transforming the channel coefficients measured from the associated reference signal. Theoretically, this guarantees high accuracy in channel estimation.

[0414] 7. Example 7 7.1 Detailed Description of the Embodiments The new type of channel estimation auxiliary information is associated with a reference signal (RS) and needs to be exchanged between the gNB and the UE.

[0415] • In this embodiment, a new signaling is used to assist in channel estimation of the reference signal, and the signaling can be configured by the gNB.

[0416] • Channel estimation auxiliary information can be used to obtain / derive target channel coefficients on the UE side.

[0417] • Auxiliary information can be matrix-based.

[0418] • Assume the auxiliary information is represented as ,in, •matrix Represents the channel space basis; • A matrix finding Feasible methods: •set up To train the channel matrix. and The physical meaning depends on the associated RS and the specific scheme.

[0419] • In this embodiment, if the associated RS is an SRS or a DM-RS of PUSCH / PUCCH, then It can include at least an RS port; •right Perform matrix factorization using SVD, denoted as ; • Without loss of generality, assume Then select The former Column vectors, and form a matrix. .

[0420] •matrix This represents the reduced channel space basis; the superscript "-1" indicates the matrix pseudo-inverse operation; •matrix Indicates based on The supplementary pilot position matrix at the principal component position; the superscript "H" indicates the matrix operation of conjugate transpose; • This indicates the number of resources allocated to RS; • A feasible indicator: selection This makes the front of the channel matrix The sum of the singular values ​​is not less than a given threshold.

[0421] • Another feasible indicator: selection This ensures that the resource density does not exceed a given threshold.

[0422] • This indicates the number of supplementary resources allocated to RS; • The set of indexes for resources allocated to RS is a subset of the set of indexes for supplementary resources allocated to RS, which means .

[0423] • This indicates the number of resources allocated to the target physical channel and / or physical signal; • In this embodiment, It can include Rx ports.

[0424] • Auxiliary information can be used to obtain the target channel coefficients by linear transformation of the channel coefficients measured from the associated reference signal.

[0425] • The process of obtaining the target channel coefficient using the channel coefficients measured at the pilot position is represented as follows: ,in, • A vector representing the channel coefficients measured at the pilot positions indicated by the gNB; • This represents a vector containing target channel coefficients, which are obtained using auxiliary information. and Obtained.

[0426] • As is well known, the following relationship exists: .

[0427] • The dimension of the target channel coefficients can be greater than or equal to the dimension of the measured channel coefficients.

[0428] •if This process is called channel interpolation. •if This process is called channel estimation or channel filtering.

[0429] • The associated reference signal can be • CSI-RS. Then train the channel matrix. Indicates the raw downlink channel; • DMRS of PDSCH. The trained channel matrix represents the downlink equivalent channel (channel with precoding). • The configuration of auxiliary information can • According to RS type, then train the channel matrix. The row dimension will include at least the specific antenna port.

[0430] • If the associated RS is a CSI-RS, then It can include all CSI-RS Tx ports; • If the associated RS is a DM-RS of PDSCH, then It can include all DM-RS ports; • Auxiliary information can be configured as • Periodic. The gNB and UE will periodically exchange auxiliary information according to a preset period (which can be configured by RRC).

[0431] • Semi-static. The gNB and UE will periodically exchange auxiliary information according to a preset period and the corresponding MAC control element (MAC CE).

[0432] • Non-periodic. The gNB and UE will exchange auxiliary information based on DCI signaling.

[0433] • Auxiliary information can be • Only Rx ports in the time / frequency domain.

[0434] • If the associated RS is a CSI-RS or a DM-RS of a PDSCH, then the Rx port refers to the receive antenna port on the gNB side.

[0435] 7.2 One or more technical advantages / advantages of the embodiments Matrix-based auxiliary information for channel estimation based on sparse RS of SRS and / or DM-RS of PUSCH / PUCCH can be used to obtain target channel coefficients by linearly transforming the channel coefficients measured from the associated reference signal. Theoretically, this guarantees high accuracy in channel estimation.

[0436] 8. Example 8 8.1 Detailed Description of the Embodiments The new type of channel estimation auxiliary information is associated with a reference signal (RS) and needs to be exchanged between the gNB and the UE.

[0437] • In this embodiment, a new signaling is used to assist in channel estimation of the reference signal, and the signaling can be configured by the gNB.

[0438] • Channel estimation auxiliary information can be used to obtain / derive target channel coefficients on the UE side.

[0439] • Auxiliary information can be matrix-based.

[0440] • Assume the auxiliary information is represented as ,in, •matrix Represents the channel space basis; • A matrix finding Feasible methods: •set up To train the channel matrix. and The physical meaning depends on the associated RS and the specific scheme.

[0441] • In this embodiment, if the associated RS is a CSI-RS or a DM-RS of PDSCH, then It can include at least an RS port; •right Perform matrix factorization using SVD, denoted as ; • Without loss of generality, assume Then select The former Column vectors, and form a matrix. .

[0442] •matrix This represents the reduced channel space basis; the superscript "-1" indicates the matrix pseudo-inverse operation; •matrix Indicates based on The supplementary pilot position matrix at the principal component position; the superscript "H" indicates the matrix operation of conjugate transpose; • This indicates the number of resources allocated to RS; • A feasible indicator: selection This makes the front of the channel matrix The sum of the singular values ​​is not less than a given threshold.

[0443] • Another feasible indicator: selection This ensures that the resource density does not exceed a given threshold.

[0444] • This indicates the number of supplementary resources allocated to RS; • The set of indexes for resources allocated to RS is a subset of the set of indexes for supplementary resources allocated to RS, which means .

[0445] • This indicates the number of resources allocated to the target physical channel and / or physical signal; • In this embodiment, It can include Rx ports.

[0446] • Auxiliary information can be used to obtain the target channel coefficients by linear transformation of the channel coefficients measured from the associated reference signal.

[0447] • The process of obtaining the target channel coefficient using the channel coefficients measured at the pilot position is represented as follows: ,in, • A vector representing the channel coefficients measured at the pilot positions indicated by the gNB; • This represents a vector containing target channel coefficients, which are obtained using auxiliary information. and Obtained.

[0448] • As is well known, the following relationship exists: .

[0449] • The dimension of the target channel coefficients can be greater than or equal to the dimension of the measured channel coefficients.

[0450] •if This process is called channel interpolation. •if This process is called channel estimation or channel filtering.

[0451] • The associated reference signal can be • CSI-RS. Then train the channel matrix. Indicates the raw downlink channel; • DMRS of PDSCH. The trained channel matrix represents the downlink equivalent channel (channel with precoding). • The configuration of auxiliary information can • According to RS type, then train the channel matrix. The row dimension will include at least the specific antenna port.

[0452] • If the associated RS is a CSI-RS, then It can include all CSI-RS Tx ports; • If the associated RS is a DM-RS of PDSCH, then It can include all DM-RS ports; • Auxiliary information can be configured as • Periodic. The gNB and UE will periodically exchange auxiliary information according to a preset period (which can be configured by RRC).

[0453] • Semi-static. The gNB and UE will periodically exchange auxiliary information according to a preset period and the corresponding MAC control element (MAC CE).

[0454] • Non-periodic. The gNB and UE will exchange auxiliary information based on DCI signaling.

[0455] • Auxiliary information can be • Tx and Rx ports in the time / frequency domain.

[0456] • If the associated RS is CSI-RS, then the Tx port refers to the transmit antenna port on the gNB side, and the Rx port refers to the receive antenna port on the UE side.

[0457] • If the associated RS is the DM-RS of the PDSCH, then the Tx port refers to the DM-RS antenna port of the PDSCH, and the Rx port refers to the receive antenna port on the UE side.

[0458] 8.2 One or more technical advantages / advantages of the embodiments Matrix-based auxiliary information for channel estimation based on sparse RS of CSI-RS and / or DM-RS of PDSCH can be used to obtain target channel coefficients by linearly transforming the channel coefficients measured from the associated reference signal. Theoretically, this guarantees high accuracy in channel estimation.

[0459] 9. Example 9 Example 9 is as follows.

[0460] This embodiment describes a scheme for scenarios where specific channel estimation auxiliary information can be used to indicate different Tx and Rx port groups or Tx and Rx ports (different channel responses may be due to physical reasons, such as polarized antenna ports). The advantage is that RS overhead can be further reduced because there is no need to implement a universal mode across different Tx and Rx port pairs.

[0461] It should be noted that the method in this embodiment is also applicable if the auxiliary information is based on a manifold, or a combination of matrix-based and manifold-based information.

[0462] It should also be noted that the method in this embodiment is equally applicable if the auxiliary information is configured according to an RS resource set or according to an RS port.

[0463] 9.1 Detailed Description of the Embodiments The new type of channel estimation auxiliary information is associated with a reference signal (RS) and needs to be exchanged between the gNB and the UE.

[0464] • In this embodiment, a new signaling is used to assist in channel estimation of the reference signal, and the signaling can be configured by the gNB.

[0465] • Channel estimation auxiliary information can be used to obtain / derive target channel coefficients on the UE side.

[0466] • Auxiliary information can be matrix-based.

[0467] • Assume the auxiliary information is represented as ,in, •matrix Represents the channel space basis; • A matrix finding Feasible methods: •set up To train the channel matrix. and The physical meaning depends on the associated RS and the specific scheme.

[0468] • In this embodiment, if the associated RS is a CSI-RS or a DM-RS of PDSCH, then It can include at least an RS port; •right Perform matrix factorization using SVD, denoted as ; • Without loss of generality, assume Then select The former Column vectors, and form a matrix. .

[0469] •matrix This represents the reduced channel space basis; the superscript "-1" indicates the matrix pseudo-inverse operation; •matrix Indicates based on The supplementary pilot position matrix at the principal component position; the superscript "H" indicates the matrix operation of conjugate transpose; • This indicates the number of resources allocated to RS; • A feasible indicator: selection This makes the front of the channel matrix The sum of the singular values ​​is not less than a given threshold.

[0470] • Another feasible indicator: selection This ensures that the resource density does not exceed a given threshold.

[0471] • This indicates the number of supplementary resources allocated to RS; • The set of indexes for resources allocated to RS is a subset of the set of indexes for supplementary resources allocated to RS, which means .

[0472] • This indicates the number of resources allocated to the target physical channel and / or physical signal; • In this embodiment, It can include Rx ports.

[0473] • Auxiliary information can be used to obtain the target channel coefficients by linear transformation of the channel coefficients measured from the associated reference signal.

[0474] • The process of obtaining the target channel coefficient using the channel coefficients measured at the pilot position is represented as follows: ,in, • A vector representing the channel coefficients measured at the pilot positions indicated by the gNB; • This represents a vector containing target channel coefficients, which are obtained using auxiliary information. and Obtained.

[0475] • As is well known, the following relationship exists: .

[0476] • The dimension of the target channel coefficients can be greater than or equal to the dimension of the measured channel coefficients.

[0477] •if This process is called channel interpolation. •if This process is called channel estimation or channel filtering.

[0478] • The associated reference signal can be • CSI-RS. Then train the channel matrix. Indicates the raw downlink channel; • DMRS of PDSCH. The trained channel matrix represents the downlink equivalent channel (channel with precoding). • The configuration of auxiliary information can • According to RS type, then train the channel matrix. The row dimension will include at least the specific antenna port.

[0479] • If the associated RS is a CSI-RS, then It can include all CSI-RS Tx ports; • If the associated RS is a DM-RS of PDSCH, then It can include all DM-RS ports; • Auxiliary information can be configured as • Periodic. The gNB and UE will periodically exchange auxiliary information according to a preset period (which can be configured by RRC).

[0480] • Semi-static. The gNB and UE will periodically exchange auxiliary information according to a preset period and the corresponding MAC control element (MAC CE).

[0481] • Non-periodic. The gNB and UE will exchange auxiliary information based on DCI signaling.

[0482] • Auxiliary information can be • Tx and Rx ports in the time / frequency domain.

[0483] • If the associated RS is SRS, then the Tx port refers to the transmit antenna port on the UE side, and the Rx port refers to the receive antenna port on the gNB side.

[0484] • If the associated RS is the DM-RS of PUSCH / PUCCH, then the Tx port refers to the DM-RS antenna port of PUSCH / PUCCH, and the Rx port refers to the receive antenna port on the gNB side.

[0485] 9.2 One or more technical advantages / advantages of the embodiments Matrix-based auxiliary information for channel estimation based on sparse RS of SRS and / or DM-RS of PUSCH can be used to obtain target channel coefficients by linearly transforming the channel coefficients measured from the associated reference signal. Theoretically, this guarantees high accuracy in channel estimation.

[0486] The methods described herein are executed by a device or apparatus, for example, by a processor of a device or apparatus that executes instructions stored in memory. The instructions, when executed, cause the device or apparatus to perform these methods.

[0487] The options and embodiments described herein can be combined in different arrangements. Furthermore, although the invention has been described with reference to specific features and embodiments thereof, various modifications and combinations can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the foregoing description and drawings are to be considered merely as illustrations of some embodiments of the invention, and are intended to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents.

[0488] 6G system architecture 6G basic module structure One or more steps of the methods in the embodiments provided herein can be derived from... Figure 25 The corresponding unit or module is executed. Figure 25 Units or modules in devices such as ED 110, T-TRP 170, or NT-TRP 172 are illustrated. For example, signals may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or transmitting module. Signals may be received by a receiving unit or receiving module. Signals may be processed by a processing unit or processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) module or a machine learning (ML) module. The corresponding units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices executing software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more of these units or modules may be integrated circuits, such as programmed FPGAs, GPUs, or ASICs. It should be understood that if these modules are implemented by a processor using software, these modules may be retrieved by the processor, in whole or in part, individually or collectively, for processing, in one or more instances, and these modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.

[0489] Further details regarding ED 110, T-TRP 170, and NT-TRP 172 are known to those skilled in the art. Therefore, these details are omitted herein.

[0490] [1] A non-exhaustive list of possible units or possible configurable parameters or MIMO systems in some embodiments includes: [2] panel: Each element of an antenna group, antenna array, or antenna subarray can independently control its Tx or Rx beam.

[0491] Beam: A beam is formed by performing amplitude and / or phase weighting on data transmitted or received at least one antenna port, or it can be formed using other methods, such as adjusting relevant parameters of the antenna elements. A beam may include a Tx beam and / or an Rx beam. The transmit beam indicates the distribution of signal strength in different directions in space after the signal is transmitted through the antenna. The receive beam indicates the distribution of signal strength in different directions in space of the wireless signal received from the antenna. Beam information may be a beam identifier, or an antenna port identifier, or a CSI-RS resource identifier, or an SSB resource identifier, or an SRS resource identifier, or other reference signal resource identifier.

Claims

1. A communication method characterized by comprising: Comprising: receiving a reference signal; performing channel estimation according to the reference signal to obtain first channel coefficients corresponding to a first channel; obtaining second channel coefficients corresponding to a second channel according to the first channel coefficients and auxiliary information, wherein the auxiliary information indicates a relationship between the first channel and the second channel.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, Obtaining the second channel coefficients corresponding to the second channel according to the first channel coefficients and auxiliary information comprises: obtaining the second channel coefficients corresponding to the second channel by performing linear or nonlinear transformation on the first channel coefficients and the auxiliary information.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The auxiliary information comprises one or more of: matrix-based information, vector-based information, tensor-based information, and manifold information.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The auxiliary information is the matrix-based information or the tensor-based information, and the auxiliary information is determined according to one or more of: a first matrix and a second matrix, wherein the first matrix and the second matrix represent channel spatial basis matrices, and a dimension of the first matrix is greater than a dimension of the second matrix.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The auxiliary information satisfies the following form: wherein: representing said assistance information; denotes the first matrix; denotes the second matrix, and , denotes the position matrix of the augmented reference signals based on the position of the pivot on the second matrix, "H" denotes the matrix operation of the conjugate transpose. "–1" represents a matrix pseudo-inverse operation.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The second channel coefficients are obtained according to the following form: wherein: a vector representing the second channel coefficients; a vector representing the first channel coefficients.

7. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that, The auxiliary information is the manifold-based information, and the auxiliary information is related to a vector of the first channel coefficients.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, The auxiliary information satisfies the following form: wherein: and denotes the auxiliary information, is with the subspace angle between "acos" is an inverse cosine function; "H" represents a conjugate transpose matrix operation; "atan" is an inverse tangent function; "Re" and "Im" represent taking a real part and an imaginary part of a complex number, respectively; and is a vector of the first channel coefficients.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, The second channel coefficients are obtained according to the following form: wherein: said vector representing said second channel coefficients; ； "sin" is the inverse sine function; "1j" represents an imaginary unit; ； indicates in with relative position between 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The auxiliary information is configured according to any one of: a type of the reference signal, a resource set of the reference signal, or an antenna port of the reference signal.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The auxiliary information is configured to be any one of: periodic, semi-static, or aperiodic.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The method further comprises: receiving the auxiliary information.

13. A method of communication, comprising: Comprising: transmitting a reference signal; transmitting auxiliary information, wherein the auxiliary information indicates a relationship between a first channel and a second channel, and second channel coefficients corresponding to the second channel are determined according to first channel coefficients corresponding to the first channel and the auxiliary information, the first channel coefficients being obtained according to channel estimation of the first channel using the reference signal.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein, The second channel coefficients are determined by performing linear or nonlinear transformation on the first channel coefficients and the auxiliary information.

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, The auxiliary information comprises one or more of: matrix-based information, vector-based information, tensor-based information, and manifold information.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein, The auxiliary information is the matrix-based information or the tensor-based information, and the auxiliary information is determined according to one or more of: a first matrix and a second matrix, wherein the first matrix and the second matrix represent channel spatial basis matrices, and a dimension of the first matrix is greater than a dimension of the second matrix.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein, The auxiliary information satisfies the following form: wherein: representing the assistance information; denotes the first matrix; denotes the second matrix, and , denotes the position matrix of the augmented reference signals based on the position of the pivot on the second matrix, denotes the position matrix of the augmented reference signals based on the position of the pivot on the second matrix, "H" denotes the matrix operation of the conjugate transpose. "−1" denotes a matrix pseudo-inverse operation.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein, The second channel coefficients are obtained according to the following form: wherein: a vector representing the second channel coefficients; a vector representing the first channel coefficients.

19. The method of any one of claims 15-17, wherein, The auxiliary information is the manifold-based information, and the auxiliary information is related to a vector of the first channel coefficients.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein, The auxiliary information satisfies the following form: wherein: and denotes the auxiliary information, is the subspace angle between and "acos" is an inverse cosine function; "H" denotes a conjugate transpose matrix operation; "atan" is an inverse tangent function; "Re" and "Im" denote taking a real part and an imaginary part of a complex number, respectively; and is a vector of the first channel coefficients.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein, The second channel coefficients are obtained according to the following form: wherein: said vector representing said second channel coefficients; ； "sin" is an inverse sine function; "1j" denotes the imaginary unit; ； indicates in with between 22. The method of any one of claims 13-21, wherein, The auxiliary information is configured according to any one of the following: a type of the reference signal, a resource set of the reference signal, or an antenna port of the reference signal.

23. The method of any one of claims 13-22, wherein, The auxiliary information is configured as any one of the following: periodic, semi-static, or aperiodic.

24. An apparatus comprising: The apparatus includes a processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute one or more instructions stored in a memory, so that the apparatus implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or 13 to 23.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein, The apparatus includes the memory.

26. The apparatus of claim 24 or 25, wherein, The apparatus includes a communication interface for inputting and / or outputting information.

27. An apparatus comprising: The apparatus includes a function or unit for executing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or executing the method according to any one of claims 13 to 23.

28. A communication system, characterized by The apparatus includes a sending device and a receiving device, wherein the receiving device executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, and the sending device executes the method according to any one of claims 13 to 23.

29. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The apparatus includes one or more instructions, wherein when the instructions are run on a computer, the computer executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or the method according to any one of claims 13 to 23.

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