A kind of ploughing and ditching equipment suitable for saline-alkali soil highland barley planting

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of sorghum planting, and discloses a plowing and ditching equipment suitable for sorghum planting in saline-alkali soil, which comprises a frame body, a detachable connecting frame is arranged at one end of the frame body connected with a vehicle, a plurality of ditching modules for opening planting ditches are arranged on the frame body, the positions of the plurality of ditching modules on the frame body are adjustable, a seeding module is arranged on the rear side of each ditching module and arranged on the frame body, a pretreatment module for weeding when the equipment is moved is arranged on the front side of each ditching module, and an inclination sensor for detecting the slope of the equipment is arranged on the two sides of the frame body. Through the cooperation of the plurality of modules, the problems of uneven ditching depth and offset seeding position caused by the change of the terrain slope can be avoided, the working precision and efficiency of sorghum planting in saline-alkali soil are effectively improved, the problem of straw and weeds winding around the ditching device can be avoided, and the continuity and stability of the ditching operation are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sorghum planting technology, specifically to a tillage and ditching device suitable for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land. Background Technology

[0002] Saline-alkali soil, as a special type of soil with salt accumulation, has excessively high salinity that seriously affects the normal growth of crops. Saline-alkali soil generally has poor physical and chemical properties and is prone to surface compaction. In particular, for saline-alkali soil with low organic matter content, the characteristics of surface water shortage and easy compaction bring great challenges to agricultural production. When planting crops such as sorghum in this soil environment, traditional ditching equipment is difficult to play an effective role, and there is an urgent need to develop special equipment to achieve efficient ditching operations.

[0003] Secondly, when the ground is uneven, ordinary trenching equipment has difficulty maintaining a stable trenching depth, resulting in inconsistent sowing depths and affecting the seed germination rate.

[0004] Finally, residual straw or weeds on the ground can easily get tangled on the ditch opener, causing frequent shutdowns for cleaning and seriously affecting work efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a tillage and ditching device suitable for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land. The main purpose is to solve the problems of traditional ditching equipment being ineffective in saline-alkali land; the difficulty of maintaining a stable ditching depth when the ground is undulating, leading to inconsistent sowing depths and affecting seed germination rates; and the problem that residual straw or weeds on the ground easily become entangled in the ditcher, causing frequent shutdowns for cleaning and severely impacting operational efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A tillage and ditching device suitable for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land includes a frame. One end of the frame connected to a vehicle is equipped with a detachable connecting frame. The frame is equipped with multiple ditching modules for opening planting ditches. The positions of the multiple ditching modules on the frame are adjustable. Each ditching module has a sowing module installed on the frame at its rear. Each ditching module has a pretreatment module for weeding when the equipment moves at its front. Inclination sensors for detecting the slope of the equipment are installed on both sides of the frame.

[0008] Furthermore, the trenching module includes multiple guide frames fixed to the frame body, with mounting frames slidably connected inside the guide frames. A mounting shaft is rotatably connected to the top of the mounting frame, and a spiral trencher is welded to the mounting shaft through it. A limit post is integrally formed at the top of the mounting shaft. Multiple through pipes are welded to the top of the frame body, with connecting shafts rotatably connected inside each through pipe. A limit hole is provided at the bottom of the connecting shaft for the limit post to slide. Adjacent connecting shafts are driven by a sprocket and chain. The middle connecting shaft is fixed to the output end of the vehicle via a universal joint and an output shaft, used to drive the spiral trencher to rotate. An electric push rod is fixed to the top of the mounting frame. The electric push rod, in conjunction with an inclination sensor, controls the trenching depth of the spiral trencher. The coordination between the electric push rod and the inclination sensor is controlled by a slope adaptive system. A sealing assembly is provided at the bottom of the mounting frame to block the soil during trenching. A slope smoothing assembly is located behind the sealing assembly at the bottom of the mounting frame for auxiliary slope fixation.

[0009] Based on the aforementioned scheme, the sealing assembly includes side baffles that rotate on both sides of the mounting frame. Correction balls are welded to both ends of the bottom of the side baffles. A support frame is welded to the bottom of the mounting frame to limit the angle of the side baffles. A rear baffle is welded to the bottom of the mounting frame behind the spiral trencher. The rear baffle is trapezoidal with the same slope as the spiral trencher.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the slope smoothing component includes a first limiting group and a second limiting group. Both the first limiting group and the second limiting group include a fixed cylinder fixed to the bottom of the mounting frame. A sliding hole is provided at the bottom of the fixed cylinder, and a sliding rod is slidably connected in the sliding hole. A rotating block is welded to the bottom of the sliding rod, and a smoothing plate is rotatably connected to the bottom of the rotating block. A first spring is provided between the sliding rod and the sliding hole, and a limiting ring is welded to the top of the sliding rod.

[0011] Furthermore, the pretreatment module includes a rotating frame that rotates on one side of the mounting frame, a rotating frame that is rotatably connected between the two sides of one end of the rotating frame, a plurality of collection frames welded to the outer circumference of the rotating frame, a first roller that passes through the rotating frame fixed at both ends of the rotating frame, a detachable first tension spring provided between the rotating frame and the mounting frame, and a support block for supporting the rotating frame welded to one side of the mounting frame.

[0012] Based on the aforementioned scheme, the sowing module includes a slope adaptive component set on the frame, a sowing component for sowing at the other end of the slope adaptive component, and a backfilling component for backfilling the seeds with soil at the bottom of the sowing component.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the slope adaptive component includes a fixed frame fixed to the frame body, a rotating shaft rotatably connected between the inner walls of the two sides of the fixed frame, a through hole through the bottom of the rotating shaft, a slide slidably connected in the through hole, a pressure cap fixed to the top of the slide by a nut, and a second spring provided between the pressure cap and the rotating shaft; a connecting rod rotatably connected to the bottom of the slide, two parallel lever arms rotatably connected between the inner walls of the two sides of the fixed frame, and the connecting rod fixed to one of the lever arms, and a seeding frame rotatably connected to the other end of the lever arm.

[0014] Furthermore, the sowing assembly includes a hopper located at the top of the sowing frame, two second rollers rotatably connected to the rear side of the sowing frame, a sowing trough opener at the front end of the sowing frame, a sowing disc in the middle of the sowing frame, and power transmission between the sowing disc and one of the second rollers via a sprocket and a chain. Multiple feeding grooves are provided on the outer circumference of the sowing disc, and a discharge port is provided below the sowing disc on the sowing frame, located above the groove opened by the sowing trough opener.

[0015] Based on the aforementioned scheme, the backfilling assembly includes rotating plates that rotate on the outer walls of both sides of the seeding frame, a filling roller fixed between one end of the two rotating plates, and a second tension spring between the other end of the two rotating plates and the seeding frame.

[0016] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the slope adaptive system compensation steps are as follows:

[0017] Step 1: System Initialization

[0018] The controller performs a power-on self-test and loads default parameters.

[0019] The tilt sensor is calibrated to zero position, and the electric push rod is reset to its initial position.

[0020] Step 2: Real-time collection of slope data

[0021] The tilt sensor collects the slope angle at 100ms intervals and transmits it to the controller via analog signals.

[0022] Step 3: Target Depth Calculation and PID Control

[0023] The controller dynamically calculates the compensated target depth based on the slope.

[0024] Step 4: Adjust the electric linear actuator.

[0025] The controller outputs a signal to drive the electric push rod, which adjusts the trenching depth of the spiral trencher in real time.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a tillage and ditching device suitable for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. This invention, through the coordinated use of multiple modules, can achieve rapid ditching operations and avoid the problems of uneven ditching depth or sowing position deviation caused by changes in terrain slope. It effectively improves the operational accuracy and efficiency of sorghum planting in saline-alkali land, and also avoids the problem of straw and weeds entangled in the ditching device, ensuring the continuity and stability of ditching operations.

[0028] 2. This invention, by incorporating a trenching module, can maintain a highly efficient and stable working state when facing trenching requirements of different degrees of compaction and different depths in saline-alkali land, effectively solving the problem of difficult trenching in saline-alkali land.

[0029] 3. By incorporating a sealing component, this invention effectively blocks the soil splashed during the trenching process from falling outside the work area, preventing soil from falling into the trenches and ensuring their cleanliness, thus providing favorable conditions for subsequent planting operations.

[0030] 4. This invention, by incorporating a slope smoothing component, can perform a comprehensive and uniform smoothing operation on the entire ditch slope, effectively eliminating loose soil and uneven areas on the ditch slope, significantly enhancing the stability of the ditch slope, and preventing subsequent collapse and other problems.

[0031] 5. The present invention, by having a pre-treatment module, can wrap the residual straw and weeds on the ground onto the collection frame, thereby reducing the probability of them getting tangled on the ditch opener.

[0032] 6. By incorporating a slope adaptive component, this invention ensures that the seeding frame remains in contact with the ground surface at all times, guaranteeing that the seeding depth of the seeding component is not affected by the tilt of the frame, thereby improving the stability and accuracy of the seeding process.

[0033] 7. By incorporating a seeding component, this invention can strictly control the number of seeds per unit area, effectively avoiding uneven seeding caused by variations in seeding tray rotation speed or differences in seed flowability.

[0034] 8. The present invention, by providing a backfilling component, ensures that the filler roller always maintains appropriate downward pressure, thus avoiding insufficient soil covering depth due to excessive soil resistance. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a tillage and ditching device suitable for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land proposed in this invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This invention proposes a tillage and ditching device suitable for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land. Figure 2 A partially enlarged structural diagram;

[0037] Figure 3This is an enlarged structural diagram of a ditching module for a tillage ditching device suitable for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land, as proposed in this invention.

[0038] Figure 4 This invention proposes a tillage and ditching device suitable for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land. Figure 3 A partially enlarged structural diagram;

[0039] Figure 5 This invention proposes a tillage and ditching device suitable for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the localized explosion structure;

[0040] Figure 6 This invention proposes a tillage and ditching device suitable for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land. Figure 4 A partially enlarged structural diagram;

[0041] Figure 7 This invention proposes a tillage and ditching device suitable for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land. Figure 6 A partial sectional view of the structure;

[0042] Figure 8 This is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of a pretreatment module for a tillage ditching device suitable for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land, as proposed in this invention.

[0043] Figure 9 This is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of a sowing module for a tillage and ditching device suitable for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land, as proposed in this invention.

[0044] Figure 10 This is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of a slope adaptive component for a tillage ditching device suitable for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land, as proposed in this invention.

[0045] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a sowing component for a tillage and ditching device suitable for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land, as proposed in this invention.

[0046] Figure 12 This is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of a backfill component of a tillage ditching device for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land, as proposed in this invention.

[0047] Figure 13 This is a flowchart of a slope adaptive system for a tillage ditching device suitable for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land, as proposed in this invention.

[0048] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Connecting frame; 3. Trenching module; 4. Pretreatment module; 5. Seeding module; 6. Tilt sensor;

[0049] 301. Electric push rod; 302. Guide frame; 303. Mounting frame; 304. Side baffle; 305. Correcting ball; 306. Connecting shaft; 307. Support frame; 308. Spiral trencher; 309. Rear baffle; 310. Mounting shaft; 311. Limiting post; 312. Limiting hole; 313. Smoothing plate; 314. Rotating block; 315. First limiting group; 316. Second limiting group; 317. First spring; 318. Sliding hole; 319. Limiting ring; 320. Sliding rod;

[0050] 401. Rotating frame; 402. Support block; 403. First tension spring; 404. Rotating frame; 405. First roller; 406. Collection rack;

[0051] 501, Slope adaptive component; 5011, Fixing frame; 5012, Second spring; 5013, Rotating shaft; 5014, Pressure cap; 5015, Connecting rod; 5016, Lever arm; 5017, Slide carriage;

[0052] 502. Seeding assembly; 5021. Seeding frame; 5022. Seeding tray; 5023. Hopper; 5024. Second roller; 5025. Seeding furrow opener; 5026. Feeding trough; 5027. Discharge port;

[0053] 503, Backfill assembly; 5031, Rotating plate; 5032, Second tension spring; 5033, Filler roller. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0055] The component designations used in this document, such as "first" and "second," are merely for distinguishing the described objects and do not have any sequential or technical meaning. The terms "connection" and "linkage" used in this invention, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (linkages). It should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0056] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0057] Please see Figures 1-13 As shown, a tillage ditching device suitable for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land includes a frame 1. A detachable connecting frame 2 is provided at one end of the frame 1 that is connected to a vehicle. Multiple ditching modules 3 for opening planting ditches are provided on the frame 1. The positions of the multiple ditching modules 3 on the frame 1 are adjustable. A sowing module 5 is provided on the rear side of each ditching module 3 and a pretreatment module 4 for weeding when the equipment moves is provided on the front side of each ditching module 3. Inclination sensors 6 for detecting the slope of the equipment are provided on both sides of the frame 1. The inclination sensor 6 is model RNA826T.

[0058] To address the problem of hardened, compacted surfaces on saline-alkali land, making trenching difficult:

[0059] The trenching module 3 includes multiple guide frames 302 fixed on the frame 1. A mounting frame 303 is slidably connected inside the guide frame 302. A mounting shaft 310 is rotatably connected to the top of the mounting frame 303. A spiral trencher 308 is welded through the mounting frame 303.

[0060] The spiral trencher 308 is composed of a toothed spiral plate and a conical platform. The bottom of the conical platform of the spiral trencher 308 is equipped with soil-breaking teeth. Both the soil-breaking teeth and the conical platform are made of high-strength wear-resistant alloy material and are distributed in a triangular shape on the edge of the conical platform. It can quickly insert into the compacted saline-alkali soil in the early stage of trenching. In conjunction with the toothed spiral plate, it transports and breaks up the soil upward, effectively improving trenching efficiency.

[0061] The top of the mounting shaft 310 is integrally formed with a limiting post 311. The limiting post 311 is a columnar structure with multiple edges or a toothed structure with multiple protrusions, preferably a toothed structure (not shown in the figure).

[0062] Multiple through pipes are welded to the top of the frame 1. A connecting shaft 306 is rotatably connected inside the through pipes. A limiting hole 312 is opened at the bottom of the connecting shaft 306 for the limiting post 311 to slide. The inner wall of the limiting hole 312 is adapted to the limiting post 311 to prevent the mounting shaft 310 from radially shifting during rotation.

[0063] The two adjacent connecting shafts 306 are driven by a sprocket and a chain. The connecting shaft 306 located in the middle is fixed to the output end of the vehicle through a universal joint and an output shaft, which is used to drive the spiral trencher 308 to rotate.

[0064] When deep trenches need to be dug, the rear output end on the vehicle is activated, which drives the connecting shaft 306 to rotate, thereby driving the mounting shaft 310 to rotate and providing rotational power to the spiral trencher 308, thus opening planting trenches in saline-alkali land. This structural design enables the trenching module 3 to maintain a high-efficiency and stable working state when facing trenching requirements of different degrees of compaction and different depths in saline-alkali land, effectively solving the problem of difficult trenching in saline-alkali land.

[0065] The top of the mounting frame 303 is equipped with an electric push rod 301 fixed to the top of the frame 1. When the trenching depth needs to be adjusted, the sliding of the mounting frame 303 in the guide frame 302 can be controlled by the electric push rod 301. The sliding of the mounting frame 303 drives the mounting shaft 310 and the spiral trencher 308 to rise and fall synchronously, thereby changing the depth of the spiral trencher 308 inserted into the soil to meet the trenching depth requirements under different planting needs.

[0066] Meanwhile, the mounting shaft 310 and the connecting shaft 306 are connected by a sliding fit between the limiting post 311 and the limiting hole 312. During the lifting and lowering of the mounting frame 303, the limiting post 311 can slide freely in the limiting hole 312, which not only ensures that the power transmission from the connecting shaft 306 to the mounting shaft 310 is not affected, but also guides the lifting and lowering of the mounting shaft 310, preventing the spiral trencher 308 from shaking during the lifting and lowering process.

[0067] It should be noted that the electric actuator 301 is existing technology and can be used with magnetic switches, proximity switches or photoelectric switches to achieve precise control of the actuator's extension and retraction displacement. Those skilled in the art can set it according to actual needs, which will not be elaborated here.

[0068] The electric push rod 301 works in conjunction with the tilt sensor 6 to control the trenching depth of the spiral trencher 308. The coordination between the electric push rod 301 and the tilt sensor 6 is controlled by a slope adaptive system. The bottom of the mounting frame 303 is equipped with a sealing component to block the soil when the spiral trencher 308 is trenching. The rear side of the sealing component is equipped with a slope smoothing component set at the bottom of the mounting frame 303 for auxiliary fixation of the slope.

[0069] The slope adaptive system compensation steps are as follows:

[0070] Step 1: System Initialization

[0071] The controller performs a power-on self-test and loads default parameters.

[0072] Tilt sensor 6 is calibrated to zero position, and electric push rod 301 is reset to its initial position.

[0073] Step 2: Real-time collection of slope data

[0074] The tilt sensor 6 collects the slope angle at 100ms intervals and transmits it to the controller via analog signals.

[0075] Step 3: Target Depth Calculation and PID Control

[0076] The controller dynamically calculates the compensated target depth based on the slope.

[0077] Step 4: Adjust the electric actuator 301.

[0078] The controller outputs a signal to drive the electric push rod 301, which adjusts the trenching depth of the spiral trencher 308 in real time.

[0079] Compensation principle: The electric push rod 301 at the lower part of the frame 1 retracts, and the electric push rod 301 at the higher part extends, thereby adjusting the height of the spiral trencher 308 to avoid the planting trough being opened too deep or too shallow.

[0080] To address the problem of soil splashing during trenching, causing surface soil to enter the prepared trenches;

[0081] The sealing assembly includes side baffles 304 that rotate on both sides of the mounting frame 303. Correction balls 305 are welded to both ends of the bottom of the side baffles 304 to limit the angle of the side baffles 304. A rear baffle 309 is welded to the bottom of the mounting frame 303 at the rear side of the spiral trencher 308. The rear baffle 309 is trapezoidal and the slope of the trapezoid is the same as that of the spiral trencher 308.

[0082] When the spiral trencher 308 performs trenching operations, the side baffles 304 on both sides will automatically adjust their angles according to the undulations of the ground under the action of the straightening ball 305 contacting the ground.

[0083] The rear baffle 309, due to its trapezoidal structure and the slope of the spiral trencher 308, can fit tightly against the rear side of the trenching operation area and form an enclosing shape with the side baffle 304. This effectively blocks the mud splashed during the trenching process outside the operation area, prevents the mud from falling into the trench, ensures the cleanliness of the trench, and provides good conditions for subsequent planting operations.

[0084] The bottom of the mounting frame 303 is welded with a support frame 307, which ensures that the side baffle 304 is always kept within the rotatable working angle range, preventing the side baffle 304 from being perpendicular to the ground or moving into the spiral trencher 308. This makes the side baffle 304 more stable when adjusting to follow the undulations of the ground, and prevents excessive tilting or jamming, thus ensuring the continuity and reliability of trenching operations under different terrain conditions.

[0085] To address the problem of unstable ditch slopes after trenching;

[0086] The slope smoothing component includes a first limiting group 315 and a second limiting group 316. Both the first limiting group 315 and the second limiting group 316 include a fixed cylinder fixed to the bottom of the mounting bracket 303. The bottom of the fixed cylinder is provided with a sliding hole 318. A sliding rod 320 is slidably connected in the sliding hole 318. A rotating block 314 is welded to the bottom of the sliding rod 320. A smoothing plate 313 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the rotating block 314. A first spring 317 is provided between the sliding rod 320 and the sliding hole 318. A limiting ring 319 is welded to the top of the sliding rod 320. The only difference between the first limiting group 315 and the second limiting group 316 is their length.

[0087] After the spiral trencher 308 completes the trenching operation, as the equipment moves forward, the slope smoothing component begins to treat the trench slope.

[0088] Under its own weight and the elastic action of the first spring 317, the smoothing plate 313 always maintains close contact with the ditch slope surface, thereby smoothing the ditch slope surface. Due to the different lengths of the first limiting group 315 and the second limiting group 316, the corresponding smoothing plate 313 acts on different positions of the ditch slope surface. Through the synergistic cooperation of the two, the entire ditch slope surface can be smoothed comprehensively and evenly, effectively eliminating loose soil and unevenness on the ditch slope surface, significantly enhancing the stability of the ditch slope surface, and avoiding subsequent collapse and other problems.

[0089] To solve the problem of straw or weeds remaining on the ground getting tangled on the furrow opener;

[0090] The pretreatment module 4 includes a rotating frame 401 that rotates on one side of the mounting frame 303. A rotating frame 404 is rotatably connected between the two sides of one end of the rotating frame 401. Multiple collection frames 406 are welded to the outer circumference of the rotating frame 404. First rollers 405 passing through the rotating frame 401 are fixed at both ends of the rotating frame 404. A detachable first tension spring 403 is provided between the rotating frame 401 and the mounting frame 303. A support block 402 for supporting the rotating frame 401 is welded to one side of the mounting frame 303.

[0091] During the forward movement of the equipment, the first roller 405 contacts the ground and rotates accordingly, causing the rotating frame 404 and the collection frame 406 to rotate synchronously. When the collection frame 406 rotates, it can wrap the remaining straw and weeds on the ground onto the collection frame 406, thereby reducing the probability of them getting tangled on the furrow opener.

[0092] When the amount of straw or weeds entangled on the collection frame 406 reaches a certain level, the operator can remove the first tension spring 403 to rotate the rotating frame 401 and lift the rotating frame 404 off the ground to quickly clean up the debris on the collection frame 406. After cleaning, the first tension spring 403 is reinstalled. Under the tension of the first tension spring 403, the rotating frame 401 is reset and supported by the support block 402, ensuring that the first roller 405 is in close contact with the ground again. This ensures that the pretreatment module 4 continues to function stably and avoids the straw and weeds entangled on the ditch opener from interfering with its normal operation, thus providing favorable conditions for the subsequent slope data collection and ditching operation.

[0093] Meanwhile, the detachable first tension spring 403 can adjust the angle of the rotating frame 401 according to the actual ground conditions, so that the collection frame 406 always maintains a suitable soil penetration depth and contact force. The support block 402 provides stable support for the rotating frame 401, preventing it from moving and rotating too much when not in operation, so that the rotating frame 401, the first roller 405, and the collection frame 406 are always in a state where they can be operated.

[0094] This structural design effectively avoids the problem of straw and weeds getting tangled in the ditch opener, ensuring the continuity and stability of the ditching operation.

[0095] The sowing module 5 includes a slope adaptive component 501 set on the frame 1, a sowing component 502 for sowing at the other end of the slope adaptive component 501, and a backfilling component 503 for backfilling the seeds with soil at the bottom of the sowing component 502.

[0096] To address the issue that the planting depth of sorghum seeds can easily change depending on the tilt of the frame 1;

[0097] The slope adaptive component 501 includes a fixed frame 5011 fixed on the frame 1. A rotating shaft 5013 is rotatably connected between the inner walls of the two sides of the fixed frame 5011. A through hole is opened through the bottom of the rotating shaft 5013. A slide 5017 is slidably connected in the through hole. A pressure cap 5014 is fixed to the top of the slide 5017 by a nut. A second spring 5012 is provided between the pressure cap 5014 and the rotating shaft 5013. A connecting rod 5015 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the slide 5017. Two parallel lever arms 5016 are rotatably connected between the inner walls of the two sides of the fixed frame 5011. The connecting rod 5015 is fixed to one of the lever arms 5016. The other end of the lever arm 5016 is rotatably connected to a seeding frame 5021.

[0098] When the frame 1 tilts due to changes in terrain, the fixed frame 5011 tilts synchronously with the frame 1. At this time, the lever arm 5016 rotates around the rotating shaft 5013 under the drive of the connecting rod 5015, and the slide 5017 slides in the through hole. The second spring 5012 generates corresponding elastic deformation according to the degree of tilt, and applies a reverse force to the slide 5017 through the pressure cover 5014, so that the sowing frame 5021 always keeps in contact with the ground surface, ensuring that the sowing depth of the sowing component 502 is not affected by the tilt of the frame 1.

[0099] To solve the problem of uniform sowing of sorghum seeds;

[0100] The sowing assembly 502 includes a hopper 5023 on the top of the sowing frame 5021. Two second rollers 5024 are rotatably connected to the rear side of the sowing frame 5021. A sowing trough opener 5025 is provided at the front end of the sowing frame 5021. A sowing disc 5022 is provided in the middle part of the sowing frame 5021. The sowing disc 5022 and one of the second rollers 5024 are powered by a sprocket and a chain. Multiple feeding grooves 5026 are provided on the outer circumference of the sowing disc 5022. A discharge port 5027 is provided below the sowing disc 5022 on the sowing frame 5021. The discharge port 5027 is located above the groove opened by the sowing trough opener 5025.

[0101] The sorghum seeds in the hopper 5023 fall into the feeding trough 5026 of the seeding tray 5022 by their own weight. As the second roller 5024 rolls, the sprocket chain drives the seeding tray 5022 to rotate synchronously. When the feeding trough 5026 with seeds rotates to the position of the discharge port 5027, the seeds fall into the pre-opened groove of the seeding trough opener 5025 under the action of gravity, so as to realize the orderly sowing of sorghum seeds.

[0102] During this process, the number and spacing of the feeding troughs 5026 are precisely designed, and in conjunction with the transmission ratio of the seeding disc 5022 and the second roller 5024, the number of seeds sown per unit area can be strictly controlled, effectively avoiding uneven sowing caused by changes in the rotation speed of the seeding disc 5022 or differences in seed flowability.

[0103] Meanwhile, the structural parameters of the 5025 seed trough opener can be adjusted according to the soil texture and sorghum variety characteristics to ensure that the depth and width of the trough meet the sowing requirements and provide good environmental conditions for seed germination and seedling growth.

[0104] To address the issue of covering the seeds with soil after sowing;

[0105] The backfilling assembly 503 includes rotating plates 5031 that rotate on the outer walls of both sides of the seeding frame 5021. A filling roller 5033 is fixed between one end of the two rotating plates 5031. A second tension spring 5032 is provided between the other end of the two rotating plates 5031 and the seeding frame 5021. The filling roller 5033 has a structure that is concave in the middle and convex at both ends. This special curved surface design allows the filling roller 5033 to gather the soil on both sides of the trench towards the middle when it rolls, ensuring that the seeds are evenly covered.

[0106] Meanwhile, the second tension spring 5032 can automatically adjust the angle of the rotating plate 5031 according to the soil hardness, so that the filling roller 5033 always maintains appropriate downward pressure, avoiding insufficient soil covering depth due to excessive soil resistance.

[0107] The present invention is used in the following steps:

[0108] S1: The equipment is installed on the vehicle via the connecting frame 2, causing the rear output end of the vehicle to rotate with the connecting shaft 306 in the middle of the equipment. The rear output end on the vehicle is started, thereby driving the connecting shaft 306 to rotate, which in turn drives the mounting shaft 310 to rotate, providing rotational power for the auger 308. By controlling the lifting frame of the vehicle, the auger 308 is inserted into the soil, and the vehicle is started to move.

[0109] S2: The movement of the vehicle will drive the spiral trencher 308 to move, thereby causing the first roller 405 to drive the rotating frame 404 and the collection frame 406 to rotate synchronously, thereby wrapping the remaining straw and weeds on the ground onto the collection frame 406.

[0110] S3: When the spiral trencher 308 is performing trenching operations, the side baffles 304 on both sides will automatically adjust their angles according to the undulations of the ground under the action of the straightening ball 305 contacting the ground, blocking the scattered soil. The rear baffle 309 can closely fit the rear side of the trenching operation area, forming an encirclement with the side baffles 304, effectively blocking the soil splashed during the trenching process outside the operation area, so that the soil falls to both sides of the planting trench.

[0111] S4: At the same time, the smoothing plate 313, under its own weight and the elastic action of the first spring 317, always maintains close contact with the ditch slope, thereby smoothing the ditch slope and compacting the slope to avoid backfilling with soil.

[0112] S5: The movement of the vehicle will drive the sowing frame 5021 to move, thereby driving the second roller 5024 to roll on the soil. As the second roller 5024 rolls, the sprocket chain drives the sowing disc 5022 to rotate synchronously. When the feeding trough 5026 with seeds rotates to the position of the discharge port 5027, the seeds fall into the pre-opened ditch of the sowing trough opener 5025 under the action of gravity, realizing the orderly sowing of sorghum seeds. The seeds are covered with soil by the filling roller 5033, completing the ditch planting operation of sorghum.

[0113] S6: It can achieve rapid ditching operations and avoid the problems of uneven ditching depth or sowing position deviation caused by changes in terrain slope, effectively improving the operation accuracy and efficiency of sorghum planting in saline-alkali land. It can also avoid the problem of straw and weeds getting tangled in the ditching device, ensuring the continuity and stability of ditching operations.

[0114] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0115] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A tillage and ditching device suitable for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land, comprising a frame (1), characterized in that, The frame (1) is connected to the vehicle at one end with a detachable connecting frame (2). The frame (1) is equipped with multiple ditching modules (3) for opening planting trenches. The positions of the multiple ditching modules (3) on the frame (1) are adjustable. Each ditching module (3) has a sowing module (5) on the frame (1) at its rear. Each ditching module (3) has a pretreatment module (4) for weeding when the equipment moves at its front. The frame (1) is equipped with tilt sensors (6) on both sides to detect the slope of the equipment. The trenching module (3) includes multiple guide frames (302) fixed on the frame (1). A mounting frame (303) is slidably connected inside the guide frame (302). A mounting shaft (310) is rotatably connected to the top of the mounting frame (303). A spiral trencher (308) is welded through the mounting frame (303). A limit post (311) is integrally formed on the top of the mounting shaft (310). The top of the frame (1) is welded with multiple through pipes, and a connecting shaft (306) is rotatably connected inside the through pipe. The bottom of the connecting shaft (306) is provided with a limiting hole (312) for the sliding of the limiting post (311). Two adjacent connecting shafts (306) are driven by a sprocket and a chain. The connecting shaft (306) located in the middle is fixed to the output end of the vehicle through a universal joint and an output shaft, which is used to drive the spiral trencher (308) to rotate. The top of the mounting frame (303) is provided with an electric push rod (301) fixed to the top of the frame (1). The electric push rod (301) cooperates with the tilt sensor (6) to control the trenching depth of the spiral trencher (308). The cooperation between the electric push rod (301) and the tilt sensor (6) is controlled by the slope adaptive system. The bottom of the mounting frame (303) is provided with a sealing component to block the soil when the spiral trencher (308) trenches. The rear side of the sealing component is provided with a slope smoothing component set at the bottom of the mounting frame (303) for auxiliary fixation of the slope. The slope smoothing component includes a first limiting group (315) and a second limiting group (316). Both the first limiting group (315) and the second limiting group (316) include a fixed cylinder fixed to the bottom of the mounting frame (303). The bottom of the fixed cylinder is provided with a sliding hole (318). A sliding rod (320) is slidably connected in the sliding hole (318). A rotating block (314) is welded to the bottom of the sliding rod (320). A smoothing plate (313) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the rotating block (314). A first spring (317) is provided between the sliding rod (320) and the sliding hole (318). A limiting ring (319) is welded to the top of the sliding rod (320). The pretreatment module (4) includes a rotating frame (401) rotating on one side of the mounting frame (303), a rotating frame (404) rotatably connected between the two sides of one end of the rotating frame (401), a plurality of collection frames (406) welded to the outer circumference of the rotating frame (404), a first roller (405) passing through the rotating frame (401) fixed at both ends of the rotating frame (404), a detachable first tension spring (403) provided between the rotating frame (401) and the mounting frame (303), and a support block (402) for supporting the rotating frame (401) welded to one side of the mounting frame (303).

2. The tillage and ditching equipment for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing assembly includes side baffles (304) that rotate on both sides of the mounting frame (303). Correction balls (305) are welded to both ends of the bottom of the side baffles (304). A support frame (307) is welded to the bottom of the mounting frame (303) to limit the angle of the side baffles (304). A rear baffle (309) is welded to the bottom of the mounting frame (303) behind the spiral trencher (308). The rear baffle (309) is trapezoidal and the slope of the trapezoid is the same as that of the spiral trencher (308).

3. The tillage and ditching equipment for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sowing module (5) includes a slope adaptive component (501) set on the frame (1), and a sowing component (502) for sowing is provided at the other end of the slope adaptive component (501). A backfilling component (503) for backfilling the seeds with soil is provided at the bottom of the sowing component (502).

4. The tillage and ditching equipment for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land according to claim 3, characterized in that, The slope adaptive component (501) includes a fixed frame (5011) fixed on the frame (1). A rotating shaft (5013) is rotatably connected between the inner walls of the two sides of the fixed frame (5011). A through hole is opened through the bottom of the rotating shaft (5013). A slide (5017) is slidably connected in the through hole. A pressure cap (5014) is fixed to the top of the slide (5017) by a nut. A second spring (5012) is provided between the pressure cap (5014) and the rotating shaft (5013). The bottom of the slide (5017) is rotatably connected to a connecting rod (5015), and two parallel lever arms (5016) are rotatably connected between the inner walls of the two sides of the fixed frame (5011). The connecting rod (5015) is fixed to one of the lever arms (5016), and the other end of the lever arm (5016) is rotatably connected to a seeding frame (5021).

5. The tillage and ditching equipment for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sowing assembly (502) includes a hopper (5023) on the top of the sowing frame (5021), two second rollers (5024) rotatably connected to the rear side of the sowing frame (5021), a sowing trough opener (5025) at the front end of the sowing frame (5021), a sowing disc (5022) in the middle part of the sowing frame (5021), the sowing disc (5022) and one of the second rollers (5024) are connected by a sprocket and a chain for power transmission, a plurality of feeding grooves (5026) are opened on the outer circumference of the sowing disc (5022), and a discharge port (5027) is opened below the sowing disc (5022) on the sowing frame (5021), the discharge port (5027) is located above the groove opened by the sowing trough opener (5025).

6. The tillage and ditching equipment for sorghum planting in saline-alkali land according to claim 5, characterized in that, The backfilling assembly (503) includes rotating plates (5031) that rotate on the outer walls of both sides of the seeding rack (5021), a filling roller (5033) is fixed between one end of the two rotating plates (5031), and a second tension spring (5032) is provided between the other end of the two rotating plates (5031) and the seeding rack (5021).

Images