Controllable oscillating water column type wave power generation ship and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wave energy power generation ships, in particular to a controllable oscillating water column type wave energy power generation ship and a method thereof.The controllable oscillating water column type wave energy power generation ship comprises a rear bent pipe ship body, an air turbine, a speed reducer, an opening and closing mechanism, a starting motor and a generator, the rear bent pipe ship body is provided with a hollow channel, and an air inlet of the air turbine communicates with an air outlet of the hollow channel; the opening and closing mechanism comprises an airflow baffle and an opening and closing driving motor, the opening and closing driving motor drives the airflow baffle to shield or open an air outlet of the air turbine, an output shaft of the air turbine is in transmission connection with an input shaft of the generator through a speed reducer, and an output shaft electromagnetic clutch is arranged on the output shaft of the air turbine. The output end of the starting motor is in transmission connection with an output shaft of the air turbine through an output shaft electromagnetic clutch. The controllable oscillating water column type wave energy power generation ship and method are good in control effect, high in reliability, not prone to damage under extreme sea conditions and high in survivability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of wave energy generating ships, in particular to a controllable oscillating water column wave energy generating ship and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Under the background of global warming and energy shortage, the development and utilization of new energy has been valued by countries around the world. Among them, the wave energy in ocean energy has the characteristics of high energy flow density, wide distribution range and good predictability, and the global wave energy power can reach 2-3 TW, which has a bright prospect. According to different wave energy generation methods, wave energy generation methods can be mainly divided into oscillating water column type, oscillating float type, raft type, overtopping type, pressure difference type and pendulum type. Among them, the oscillating water column type wave energy generation device has the characteristics of simple principle, easy maintenance and flexible arrangement. For example, the application CN118327865A discloses a wave energy generation device, the application CN118188282A discloses an oscillating water column type wave energy generation device with adjustable damping hole and air chamber size, and the authorized invention CN117052588B proposes an oscillating water column type wave energy generation device. In order to improve the power generation efficiency of the oscillating water column type wave energy generation device, it is an optimal technical means to add a control device for control. For example, the application CN118375549A proposes a back-bent pipe wave energy generation buoy and its air turbine control device and method, but the power generation device has the disadvantages of poor control effect, unstable operation, unreliability and easy damage in extreme sea conditions. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to overcome the technical defects existing in the prior art, the present application provides a controllable oscillating water column type wave energy generating ship and method, which has good control effect, high reliability, is not easy to be damaged in extreme sea conditions and has high survivability.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present application is: a controllable oscillating water column type wave energy generating ship, comprising a back-bent pipe hull, an air turbine, a speed reducer, an opening and closing mechanism, a starting motor and a generator. The back-bent pipe hull has a hollow channel, the air turbine air inlet is communicated with the air outlet of the hollow channel, the top of the back-bent pipe hull is provided with a support, and the air turbine is installed on the support. The opening and closing mechanism comprises a sliding block, a guide rail and an opening and closing driving mechanism, a plurality of guide rails are arranged on the support around the axis of the air turbine, the guide rails are perpendicular to the axis of the air turbine, a sliding block is slidably connected to each guide rail, and an airflow baffle is installed on each sliding block. The opening and closing driving mechanism drives the sliding block to slide along the guide rail, and the airflow baffle blocks or opens the air outlet of the air turbine. The speed reducer and the generator are installed on the support, the output shaft of the air turbine is in transmission connection with the input shaft of the generator through the speed reducer, the output shaft of the air turbine is provided with an output shaft electromagnetic clutch, and the support is provided with a rotating speed sensor matched with the output shaft. The starting motor is installed on the support, and the output end of the starting motor is in transmission connection with the output shaft of the air turbine through the output shaft electromagnetic clutch.

[0005] Preferably, the opening and closing driving mechanism comprises an opening and closing driving motor, a driving gear, a toothed rotating wheel and two connecting rod mechanisms, the opening and closing driving motor is installed on the support, the driving gear is in transmission installation on the output end of the opening and closing driving motor, the toothed rotating wheel is rotatably installed on the support and is in meshing with the driving gear, each sliding block is connected with the toothed rotating wheel through a two connecting rod mechanism, one end of the two connecting rod mechanism is hinged on the sliding block, and the other end of the two connecting rod mechanism is connected on the toothed rotating wheel.

[0006] Preferably, the airflow baffle comprises a first airflow baffle and a second airflow baffle, the first airflow baffle or the second airflow baffle is installed on the sliding block, and the first airflow baffles and the second airflow baffles on the plurality of sliding blocks are arranged at intervals.

[0007] Preferably, the first airflow baffle and the second airflow baffle are both arc-shaped, and the length of the first airflow baffle is smaller than that of the second airflow baffle.

[0008] Preferably, the air outlet of the air turbine is a ring-shaped air outlet, and the plurality of airflow baffles moving to the position of shielding the ring-shaped air outlet form a ring-shaped assembly matched with the ring-shaped air outlet.

[0009] Preferably, the output end of the starting motor is in transmission connection with the pulley of the output shaft electromagnetic clutch through a transmission belt.

[0010] Preferably, the speed reducer is a clutch type speed reducer, and the speed reducer has three gear reduction ratios of 1:1, 2:1 and 4:1.

[0011] Preferably, the speed reducer comprises a machine box, three transmission shafts are rotatably installed in the machine box, including a first transmission shaft, a second transmission shaft and a third transmission shaft, one end of the first transmission shaft is in transmission connection with an output shaft of the air turbine, the other end of the first transmission shaft is in transmission connection with an input shaft of the generator, a first left gear, a first electromagnetic clutch, an intermediate gear and a first right gear are sequentially installed on the first transmission shaft, a second left gear, a second electromagnetic clutch and a second right gear are sequentially installed on the second transmission shaft, the second left gear is in mesh with the first left gear, the second right gear is in mesh with the intermediate gear, a third left gear, a third electromagnetic clutch and a third right gear are sequentially installed on the third transmission shaft, the third left gear is in mesh with the first left gear, the third right gear is in mesh with the first right gear, when the first electromagnetic clutch is closed and the second electromagnetic clutch and the third electromagnetic clutch are both opened, the speed reduction ratio of the speed reducer is 1:1, when the second electromagnetic clutch is closed and the first electromagnetic clutch and the third electromagnetic clutch are both opened, the speed reduction ratio of the speed reducer is 2:1, when the third electromagnetic clutch is closed and the first electromagnetic clutch and the second electromagnetic clutch are both opened, the speed reduction ratio of the speed reducer is 4:1, when the first electromagnetic clutch, the second electromagnetic clutch and the third electromagnetic clutch are all opened, the speed reducer is disconnected.

[0012] A power generation method of a controllable oscillating water column wave energy power generation ship, for the controllable oscillating water column wave energy power generation ship, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1, the power generation ship is launched into the sea, when the sea surface is determined to be a non-extreme sea condition by a remote monitoring device, a start working instruction is sent to the power generation ship, the opening and closing driving mechanism drives the air baffle to move towards the air outlet of the air turbine, so that the air outlet of the air turbine is opened, the air outlet of the air turbine is communicated with the atmosphere, and the power generation ship starts to work; S2, the motor is started to drive the output shaft of the air turbine to rotate, after the start is completed, the output shaft electromagnetic clutch is opened, and the motor is turned off, the output shaft of the air turbine continues to rotate under the action of the wave; S3, the working speed of the generator input shaft is controlled in a stable and reliable power generation interval by the speed sensor, the speed reducer and the opening and closing mechanism, and the equipment is protected from being damaged by extreme sea conditions; S4, the working condition of the power generation ship and the sea condition are regularly judged by the remote monitoring device, when the power generation ship is in a stop working state and the sea condition is normal, the step S1 is started again.

[0013] Preferably, the specific operation steps of step S3 are: when the rotational speed sensor measures the rotational speed of the air turbine output shaft as n1≤1000 r / min, the speed reducer ratio of the speed reducer is adjusted to 1:1, and the rotational speed range of the generator input shaft is n2≤1000 r / min; when the rotational speed sensor measures the rotational speed of the air turbine output shaft as 1000 r / min≤n1≤2000 r / min, the speed reducer ratio of the speed reducer is adjusted to 2:1, and the rotational speed range of the generator input shaft is 500 r / min≤n2≤1000 r / min; when the rotational speed sensor measures the rotational speed of the air turbine output shaft as 2000 r / min≤n1≤4000 r / min, the speed reducer ratio of the speed reducer is adjusted to 4:1, and the rotational speed range of the generator input shaft is 500 r / min≤n2≤1000 r / min; when the rotational speed sensor measures the rotational speed of the air turbine output shaft as n1>4000 r / min, it is an extreme sea condition, and the air turbine and the generator are extremely easy to be damaged, at this time, the speed reducer is disconnected, the rotational speed of the generator input shaft is 0, and at the same time, the opening and closing driving mechanism drives the airflow baffle to move to the direction of shielding the air outlet of the air turbine, so that the airflow baffle shields the air outlet of the air turbine, and the air turbine stops rotating, thereby protecting the generator and the air turbine from being damaged by the extreme sea condition.

[0014] The application has the advantages that the controllable oscillating water column type wave power generation ship and method can rapidly and stably start the air turbine by the starting motor, has the advantages of short starting time and stable starting, controls the working rotational speed of the generator input shaft in the stable and reliable optimal power generation interval by the rotational speed sensor, the speed reducer and the opening and closing mechanism, protects the power generation ship from the extreme sea condition, is safe and reliable, improves the reliability and service life of the power generation ship, has good control effect, is not easy to be damaged in the extreme sea condition and has high survivability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a front view of the controllable oscillating water column type wave power generation ship.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a right side view of the controllable oscillating water column type wave power generation ship.

[0017] Figure 3 It is a top view of the controllable oscillating water column type wave power generation ship.

[0018] Figure 4 It is a schematic view of the internal structure and waterline of the rear elbow pipe hull of the controllable oscillating water column type wave power generation ship.

[0019] Figure 5 It is a schematic view of the installation of the air turbine and the generator Figure 1 .

[0020] Figure 6 Installation diagram of the air turbine and generator of the present application Figure 2 .

[0021] Figure 7 Structure diagram of the opening and closing mechanism of the controllable oscillating water column type wave energy power generation ship of the present application.

[0022] Figure 8 Structure diagram of the speed reducer of the present application

[0023] Figure 9 Flow chart of the power generation method of the controllable oscillating water column type wave energy power generation ship of the present application.

[0024] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS: 1, rear elbow pipe hull; 101, waterline; 102, hollow channel; 103, air chamber; 104, water chamber; 105, water inlet; 106, air outlet; 2, support; 3, air turbine; 4, generator; 5, opening and closing mechanism; 501, toothed rotating wheel; 502, two connecting rod mechanisms; 503, sliding block; 504, guide rail; 505, first air flow baffle; 506, second air flow baffle; 6, starting motor; 7, transmission belt; 8, output shaft electromagnetic clutch; 9, opening and closing drive motor; 10, speed reducer; 1001, first left gear; 1002, first electromagnetic clutch; 1003, intermediate gear; 1004, first right gear; 1005, second left gear; 1006, second electromagnetic clutch; 1007, second right gear; 1008, third left gear; 1009, third electromagnetic clutch; 1010, third right gear; 1011, machine box; 11, rotating speed sensor; 12, first universal joint; 13, second universal joint. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings: As Figures 1 to 8As shown, this embodiment provides a controllable oscillating water column wave energy generator, including a curved hull 1, an air turbine 3, a reducer 10, an opening and closing mechanism 5, a starter motor 6, and a generator 4. The curved hull 1 has a hollow channel 102, and the air inlet of the air turbine 3 is connected to the air outlet 106 of the hollow channel 102. A bracket 2 is provided on the top of the curved hull 1, and the air turbine 3 is mounted on the bracket 2. The opening and closing mechanism 5 includes a slider 503, guide rails 504, and an opening and closing drive mechanism. Multiple guide rails 504 are arranged around the axis of the air turbine 3 on the bracket 2. The guide rails 504 are perpendicular to the axis of the air turbine 3, and each guide rail 504 has a sliding mechanism. Each air turbine 3 is equipped with a slider 503, and each slider 503 is equipped with an airflow baffle. The opening and closing drive mechanism drives the slider 503 to slide along the guide rail 504. The airflow baffle blocks or opens the air outlet 106 of the air turbine 3. The reducer 10 and the generator 4 are mounted on the bracket 2. The output shaft of the air turbine 3 is connected to the input shaft of the generator 4 through the reducer 10. The output shaft of the air turbine 3 is equipped with an output shaft electromagnetic clutch 8. The bracket 2 is equipped with a speed sensor 11 that cooperates with the output shaft. The starter motor 6 is mounted on the bracket 2. The output end of the starter motor 6 is connected to the output shaft of the air turbine 3 through the output shaft electromagnetic clutch 8.

[0026] In this embodiment, the hull 1 of the curved tube is L-shaped, and an L-shaped hollow channel 102 is provided inside the curved tube hull 1. When the generator ship is deployed on the sea surface, the sea level coincides with the waterline 101 of the curved tube hull 1. The waterline 101 divides the L-shaped hollow channel 102 into a water chamber 104 and an air chamber 103. Seawater enters the L-shaped hollow channel 102 from the inlet 105 of the curved tube hull 1 and fills the water chamber 104. The air chamber 103 is filled with air. When the waves cause the curved tube hull 1 to sway, the sea level separating the water chamber 104 and the air chamber 103 oscillates, and the air in the air chamber 103 is driven. The air in the air chamber 103 flows through the air outlet 106 of the curved tube hull 1. The flowing air drives the rotor in the air turbine 3 to rotate in one direction, converting wave energy into the rotational kinetic energy of the output shaft of the air turbine. The output shaft of the air turbine 3 drives the input shaft of the generator 4 to rotate through the reducer 10, driving the generator 4 to generate electricity.

[0027] In this embodiment, the air turbine 3 preferably uses the air turbine 3 disclosed in the invention patent CN117052588A. The air turbine 3 has an annular air outlet 106, and the airflow baffle is an annular component that cooperates with the annular air outlet 106. The opening and closing drive mechanism includes an opening and closing drive motor 9, a drive gear, a toothed rotating wheel 501, and a two-link mechanism 502. The opening and closing drive motor 9 is mounted on the bracket 2, and the drive gear is driven and installed at the output end of the opening and closing drive motor 9. The toothed rotating wheel 501 is rotatably mounted on the bracket 2 and meshes with the drive gear. Each slider 503 is connected to the toothed rotating wheel 501 through a two-link mechanism 502. One end of the linkage mechanism 502 is hinged to the slider 503, and the other end of the two linkage mechanisms 502 is connected to the toothed rotating wheel 501. When adjusting the position of the airflow baffle, the opening and closing drive motor 9 is started, which drives the toothed rotating wheel 501 to rotate. The rotating toothed rotating wheel 501 drives the two linkage mechanisms 502 to move. The two linkage mechanisms 502 can then drive the slider 503 to slide along the guide rail 504. When the airflow baffle moves towards the air outlet 106 of the air turbine 3, the airflow baffle can close the air outlet 106 of the air turbine 3. The drive motor drives the screw 503 to rotate counterclockwise, and the airflow baffle moves away from the air inlet of the air turbine 3. The air outlet 106 of the air turbine 3 is connected to the outside atmosphere. Preferably, the airflow baffle includes a first airflow baffle 505 and a second airflow baffle 506. The first airflow baffle 505 or the second airflow baffle 506 is installed on the slider 503. The first airflow baffles and the second airflow baffles on the multiple sliders 503 are spaced apart. In this embodiment, the air outlet 106 of the air turbine 3 is an annular air outlet. After the multiple first airflow baffles 505 and the multiple second airflow baffles 506 move into place, they can block the annular air outlet. In this embodiment, the first airflow baffle 505 and the second airflow baffle 506 are both arc-shaped. The length of the first airflow baffle 505 is less than the length of the second airflow baffle 506. When the opening and closing drive motor 9 drives the first airflow baffle 505 and the second airflow baffle 506 to move to the position of closing the air outlet 106 of the air turbine 3, the multiple first airflow baffles 505 and the second airflow baffles 506 form an annular assembly to close the air outlet 106 of the air turbine 3.

[0028] The reducer 10 in this embodiment is a clutch-type reducer 10. The reducer 10 has three reduction ratios: 1:1, 2:1, and 4:1. The reducer 10 includes a housing 1011, in which three drive shafts are rotatably mounted: a first drive shaft, a second drive shaft, and a third drive shaft. One end of the first drive shaft is an input shaft connected to the output shaft of the air turbine 3, and the other end is an output shaft connected to the input shaft of the generator 4. A first left gear 1001, a first electromagnetic clutch 1002, an intermediate gear 1003, and a first right gear 1004 are sequentially mounted on the first drive shaft. A second left gear 1005, a second electromagnetic clutch 1006, and a second right gear 1007 are sequentially mounted on the second drive shaft. The second left gear 1005 meshes with the first left gear 1001, and the second right gear 1007 meshes with the intermediate gear 1003. A third left gear 1008 is sequentially mounted on the third drive shaft. The reducer 10 has a third electromagnetic clutch 1009 and a third right gear 1010. The third left gear 1008 meshes with the first left gear 1001, and the third right gear 1010 meshes with the first right gear 1004. When the first electromagnetic clutch 1002 is closed and both the second electromagnetic clutch 1006 and the third electromagnetic clutch 1009 are open, the reduction ratio of the reducer 10 is 1:1. When the second electromagnetic clutch 1006 is closed and both the first electromagnetic clutch 1002 and the third electromagnetic clutch 1009 are open, the reduction ratio of the reducer 10 is 2:1. When the third electromagnetic clutch 1009 is closed and both the first electromagnetic clutch 1002 and the second electromagnetic clutch 1006 are open, the reduction ratio of the reducer 10 is 4:1. When all three electromagnetic clutches are open, the reducer 10 disengages from the transmission. By adjusting the gear of the reducer 10, the speed of the generator 4 is controlled within a stable and reliable power generation range.

[0029] This embodiment provides a method for generating electricity from a ship using oscillating water column wave energy, which includes the following steps: S1. When the power generation vessel is deployed to the sea surface, and the remote monitoring equipment determines that the sea surface is not in extreme sea conditions, a start-up command is sent to the power generation vessel. The opening and closing drive motor 9 drives the airflow baffle to move to the position of opening the air outlet 106 away from the air turbine 3. The air outlet 106 of the air turbine 3 is connected to the atmosphere, and the power generation vessel starts to work. The remote monitoring equipment is a camera installed on the power generation vessel. S2. Start motor 6 starts, driving the output shaft of air turbine 3 to rotate. After starting, output shaft electromagnetic clutch 8 is disengaged, start motor 6 is disengaged, and the output shaft of air turbine 3 continues to rotate under the action of waves. S3. The speed of the output shaft of the air turbine 3 is detected by the speed sensor 11. Based on the speed of the output shaft of the air turbine 3, the operating speed of the input shaft of the generator 4 is controlled by the geared motor and the opening and closing mechanism 5 to keep it within a stable and reliable power generation range, and to protect the equipment from damage caused by extreme sea conditions. Specifically: when the speed sensor 11 detects that the speed of the output shaft of the air turbine 3 is n1≤1000 r / min, the first electromagnetic clutch 1002 is closed, and the second electromagnetic clutch 1006 and the third electromagnetic clutch 1009 are both open. The reduction ratio of the reducer 10 is adjusted to 1:1, and the speed range of the input shaft of the generator 4 is n2≤1000 r / min; when the speed sensor 11 detects that the speed of the output shaft of the air turbine 3 is 1000 r / min≤n1≤2000 r / min, the second electromagnetic clutch 1006 is closed, and the first electromagnetic clutch 1002 and the third electromagnetic clutch 1009 are both open. The reduction ratio of the reducer 10 is adjusted to 2:1, and the speed range of the input shaft of the generator 4 is 500 r / min. When the speed sensor 11 measures the output shaft speed of the air turbine 3 as 2000 r / min ≤ n2 ≤ 4000 r / min, the third electromagnetic clutch 1009 is engaged, and the first electromagnetic clutch 1002 and the second electromagnetic clutch 1006 are both engaged. The reduction ratio of the reducer 10 is adjusted to 4:1, and the speed range of the generator 4 input shaft is 500 r / min ≤ n2 ≤ 1000 r / min. When the speed sensor 11 measures the output shaft speed of the air turbine 3 as n1 > 4000 r / min, the speed of the air turbine 3 output shaft is adjusted to 4:1. At r / min, it is an extreme sea state, and the air turbine 3 and generator 4 are easily damaged. At this time, the first electromagnetic clutch 1002, the second electromagnetic clutch 1006 and the third electromagnetic clutch 1009 are all open, the reducer 10 is disconnected from the transmission, the speed of the input shaft of the generator 4 is 0, and at the same time, the opening and closing drive motor 9 drives the airflow baffle to move towards the position of blocking the air outlet 106 of the air turbine 3. The airflow baffle can close the air outlet 106 of the air turbine 3, and the air turbine 3 stops rotating, protecting the generator 4 and the air turbine 3 from damage by extreme sea conditions. S4. Periodically check the working status of the power generation vessel and the sea conditions through remote monitoring equipment. When the power generation vessel is stopped and the sea conditions are normal, start again from step S1.

[0030] Under operating sea conditions, the speed n of the output shaft of the air turbine 3 is in the range of 500 r / min ≤ n1 ≤ 4000 r / min, and the speed n2 of the input shaft of the generator 4 is controlled within 500 r / min ≤ n2 ≤ 1000 r / min. The generator 4 operates smoothly and efficiently, improving the reliability and service life of the generator ship.

[0031] In this embodiment, the output end of the starter motor 6 and the pulley of the output shaft electromagnetic clutch 8 are connected by a transmission belt 7. The function of the starter motor 6 is to assist the air turbine 3 in working when the waves are small. When the waves are small, due to the inertia of the rotor inside the air turbine 3, it is difficult for the rotor to start rotating. The output shaft electromagnetic clutch 8 is closed, and the starter motor 6 drives the output shaft of the air turbine 3 to start smoothly through the transmission belt 7. After the start is completed, the output shaft electromagnetic clutch 8 of the air turbine 3 is opened, the starter motor 6 stops working, and the output shaft of the air turbine 3 continues to rotate under the action of the waves. Preferably, the speed of the starter motor 6 in this embodiment is 500 r / min.

[0032] In this embodiment, the output shaft of the air turbine 3 is connected to the first drive shaft of the reducer 10 via the first universal joint 12. The other end of the first drive shaft of the reducer 10 is connected to the input shaft of the generator 4 via the second universal joint 13. The function of the first universal joint 12 and the second universal joint 13 is to adjust the center line of the shaft system to ensure smooth power transmission under complex sea conditions.

[0033] This embodiment describes a controllable oscillating water column wave energy generator and method. It utilizes a starter motor 6 to drive an air turbine 3 for rapid and stable startup, which has the advantages of short startup time and stable startup. The working speed of the input shaft of the generator 4 is controlled within the optimal power generation range with stability and reliability through a speed sensor 11, a reducer 10, and an opening and closing mechanism 5. This protects the generator from damage caused by extreme sea conditions, ensuring safety and reliability. It improves the reliability and service life of the generator, and the generator has good control effect, simple structure, high reliability, stable operation, long service life, and good practicality. It is not easily damaged under extreme sea conditions and has high survivability.

[0034] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention, as well as its advantages. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from its spirit and scope. All such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A controllable oscillating water column wave energy generator, characterized in that: This includes a curved hull, air turbine, speed reducer, opening and closing mechanism, starter motor, and generator; The curved hull has a hollow channel, the air turbine inlet is connected to the air outlet of the hollow channel, and a bracket is provided on the top of the curved hull, with the air turbine mounted on the bracket. The opening and closing mechanism includes a slider, a guide rail, and an opening and closing drive mechanism. Multiple guide rails are arranged around the axis of the air turbine on the bracket. The guide rails are perpendicular to the axis of the air turbine. A slider is slidably fitted on each guide rail. An airflow baffle is installed on each slider. The opening and closing drive mechanism drives the slider to slide along the guide rail. The airflow baffle blocks or opens the air outlet of the air turbine. The reducer and generator are mounted on the bracket. The output shaft of the air turbine is connected to the input shaft of the generator via the reducer. The output shaft of the air turbine is equipped with an output shaft electromagnetic clutch. The bracket is equipped with a speed sensor that cooperates with the output shaft. The starter motor is mounted on the bracket, and the output end of the starter motor is connected to the output shaft of the air turbine via an output shaft electromagnetic clutch.

2. The controllable oscillating water column wave energy generator ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening and closing drive mechanism includes an opening and closing drive motor, a drive gear, a toothed rotating wheel, and a two-bar linkage mechanism. The opening and closing drive motor is mounted on the bracket, the drive gear is driven and installed at the output end of the opening and closing drive motor, the toothed rotating wheel is rotatably mounted on the bracket and meshes with the drive gear, and each slider is connected to the toothed rotating wheel through a two-bar linkage mechanism. One end of the two-bar linkage mechanism is hinged to the slider, and the other end of the two-bar linkage mechanism is connected to the toothed rotating wheel.

3. A controllable oscillating water column wave energy generator ship according to claim 2, characterized in that: The airflow baffle includes a first airflow baffle and a second airflow baffle. The first airflow baffle or the second airflow baffle is installed on the slider, and the first airflow baffle and the second airflow baffle on the multiple sliders are arranged at intervals.

4. A controllable oscillating water column wave energy generator ship according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both the first airflow baffle and the second spherical baffle are arc-shaped, and the length of the first airflow baffle is less than the length of the second airflow baffle.

5. A controllable oscillating water column wave energy generator ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air outlet of the air turbine is an annular outlet, and when the multiple airflow baffles move to the position of blocking the annular outlet, they form an annular assembly that cooperates with the annular outlet.

6. A controllable oscillating water column wave energy generator ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the starter motor is connected to the pulley of the electromagnetic clutch on the output shaft via a transmission belt.

7. A controllable oscillating water column wave energy generator ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reducer is a clutch-type reducer, and the reducer has three reduction ratios: 1:1, 2:1 and 4:

1.

8. A controllable oscillating water column wave energy generator ship according to claim 7, characterized in that: The reducer includes a housing, within which three drive shafts are rotatably mounted: a first drive shaft, a second drive shaft, and a third drive shaft. One end of the first drive shaft is an input shaft, drivingly connected to the output shaft of an air turbine; the other end of the first drive shaft is an output shaft, drivingly connected to the input shaft of a generator. A first left gear, a first electromagnetic clutch, an intermediate gear, and a first right gear are sequentially mounted on the first drive shaft. A second left gear, a second electromagnetic clutch, and a second right gear are sequentially mounted on the second drive shaft. The second left gear meshes with the first left gear, and the second right gear meshes with the intermediate gear. The third drive shaft is sequentially mounted with a first... The reducer consists of a third left gear, a third electromagnetic clutch, and a third right gear. The third left gear meshes with the first left gear, and the third right gear meshes with the first right gear. When the first electromagnetic clutch is closed and both the second and third electromagnetic clutches are open, the reduction ratio of the reducer is 1:

1. When the second electromagnetic clutch is closed and both the first and third electromagnetic clutches are open, the reduction ratio of the reducer is 2:

1. When the third electromagnetic clutch is closed and both the first and second electromagnetic clutches are open, the reduction ratio of the reducer is 4:

1. When all three electromagnetic clutches are open, the reducer disengages from the transmission.

9. A method for generating electricity using a controllable oscillating water column wave energy generator, used to control the controllable oscillating water column wave energy generator as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. When the power generation vessel is deployed to the sea surface, and the remote monitoring equipment determines that the sea surface is not in extreme sea conditions, a start-up command is sent to the power generation vessel. The opening and closing drive mechanism drives the airflow baffle to move in the direction of opening the air turbine outlet, so that the air turbine outlet opens and is connected to the atmosphere, and the power generation vessel starts working. S2. The starter motor starts, driving the output shaft of the air turbine to rotate. After the start is completed, the electromagnetic clutch of the output shaft is disengaged, the starter motor is turned off, and the output shaft of the air turbine continues to rotate under the action of waves. S3. The operating speed of the generator input shaft is controlled within a stable and reliable power generation range by means of a speed sensor, reducer, and opening / closing mechanism, and the equipment is protected from damage by extreme sea conditions. S4. Periodically check the working status of the power generation vessel and the sea conditions through remote monitoring equipment. When the power generation vessel is stopped and the sea conditions are normal, start again from step S1.

10. The power generation method of a controllable oscillating water column wave energy generator ship according to claim 9, characterized in that: The specific operation steps of step S3 are as follows: When the speed sensor measures the output shaft speed of the air turbine to be n1≤1000 r / min, the reduction ratio of the reducer is adjusted to 1:1, and the speed range of the generator input shaft is n2≤1000 r / min; when the speed sensor measures the output shaft speed of the air turbine to be 1000 r / min≤n1≤2000 r / min, the reduction ratio of the reducer is adjusted to 2:1, and the speed range of the generator input shaft is 500 r / min≤n2≤1000 r / min; when the speed sensor measures the output shaft speed of the air turbine to be 2000 r / min≤n1≤4000 r / min, the reduction ratio of the reducer is adjusted to 4:1, and the speed range of the generator input shaft is 500 r / min≤n2≤1000 r / min; when the speed sensor measures the output shaft speed of the air turbine to be n1>4000 r / min... At r / min, it is an extreme sea state, and the air turbine and generator are very vulnerable to damage. At this time, the reducer disconnects the transmission, the speed of the generator input shaft is 0, and at the same time, the opening and closing drive mechanism drives the airflow baffle to move in the direction of blocking the air outlet of the air turbine, so that the airflow baffle blocks the air outlet of the air turbine, the air turbine stops rotating, and protects the generator and air turbine from damage by extreme sea conditions.

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