A BIM-based water conservancy project earthwork volume calculation and construction progress simulation method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, and particularly discloses a water conservancy engineering earthwork excavation volume calculation and construction progress simulation method based on BIM. The method combines the ground feature set obtained by a UAV and a sensor and the bottom radar feature set scanned by a radar, and then fuses the feature sets by using BIM technology, so that the topography and geomorphology and the geological conditions of a construction area can be more comprehensively and accurately reflected. The multi-source data fusion mode can effectively reduce the calculation errors caused by incomplete or inaccurate data, thereby improving the accuracy of earthwork excavation volume calculation. The construction area topography and geological structure can be more intuitively displayed by constructing a three-dimensional feature model. The MIB technology provides an integrated information platform for a project. Based on accurate earthwork excavation volume calculation, real-time construction progress data and a visual model, project managers can more comprehensively and objectively understand the project situation, so that more scientific and reasonable decisions can be made.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and in particular to a BIM-based method for calculating earthwork excavation volume and simulating construction progress in water conservancy projects. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, construction project sites are complex and diverse. The difficulty lies in calculating the center line from the outer edge of each side to the outer edge of the exterior wall when calculating the area of ​​the upper, middle and lower earthwork. The calculation of the center line is quite complicated and tedious. The area of ​​the middle section is not easy to calculate, and overlapping areas are not easy to handle, making it impossible to guarantee the accuracy of the calculation.

[0003] Existing technologies utilize CASS (Computer-Aided Assay) technology to simulate the topography of a target area, displaying it in a three-dimensional form and including the three-dimensional coordinates of any point within the target area. Using this three-dimensional model data, when dividing earthwork into grids, the resulting grids are no longer planar squares but are transformed into any geometric shape in space. The volume of each solid block is then calculated using a computer, thus determining the excavation and filling volumes. This invention can accurately calculate the earthwork excavation and filling volumes for such projects, facilitating the calculation and verification of earthwork costs and enhancing control over construction progress.

[0004] However, in existing technologies, when monitoring construction progress, it is impossible to adjust the construction progress according to different geological layers, resulting in a lack of ability to accurately judge the construction progress. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a BIM-based method for calculating earthwork excavation volume and simulating construction progress in water conservancy projects. This method aims to solve the technical problem in existing technologies where the construction progress cannot be adjusted according to different geological layers, resulting in a lack of accurate judgment of the construction progress.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention employs a BIM-based method for calculating earthwork excavation volume and simulating construction progress in water conservancy projects, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Visual sensors are placed on drones, and the drones and visual sensors are used to visually identify ground features in the construction area from high altitude, and a set of surface features is constructed.

[0008] The underlying layer is scanned and identified using radar, and the identified radar data is used to construct an underground radar feature set.

[0009] The surface feature set and the underground radar feature set are integrated using BIM technology and combined with the construction excavation structure drawings to construct a three-dimensional feature model.

[0010] The three-dimensional feature model is divided into blocks, and the earthwork excavation volume of each block is calculated. Finally, the total earthwork excavation volume X of this project is obtained.

[0011] If the predicted daily excavation volume of the current construction equipment is Y, then the number of excavation days D = X / Y;

[0012] After the excavation is completed on the same day, the excavated blocks are scanned and identified by radar and compared with the initial three-dimensional feature model to confirm the actual excavation volume Z on the same day and calculate the remaining earthwork volume C.

[0013] During construction progress simulation, the number of excavation days D is a fixed value, the remaining number of excavation days is (DN), and N is the number of days already constructed. After the daily construction is completed, the earthwork surplus C / the daily predicted excavation volume Y = the actual remaining number of excavation days T. When T ≤ (DN), the system does not need to make corrections and excavation is carried out according to the daily predicted excavation volume Y. When T > (DN), the system corrects the construction progress and increases the daily excavation volume to make T ≤ (DN).

[0014] The daily mining and correction data are integrated into a three-dimensional feature model to visualize the construction process and simulate the construction progress.

[0015] The process involves pre-processing the collected image data with distortion correction and noise reduction, color correction and brightness adjustment to improve image clarity and contrast, feature point extraction from the pre-processed image, matching the extracted feature points with predefined surface feature templates, fusing the feature point recognition results with semantic segmentation results, labeling the identified surface features including their name, size, shape, and location attributes, and storing the labeled surface features in a database to form a surface feature set.

[0016] The process involves moving the radar equipment along a planned path within the detection area and performing underground scanning. During this movement, the radar equipment emits electromagnetic waves, which propagate underground and are reflected when they encounter interfaces between different media. These reflected waves are received by the radar receiving antenna, which records the propagation time, amplitude, and phase information of the radar signal, forming raw radar data. The collected radar data is then preprocessed, and time correction and depth conversion are performed to convert the time data into depth data. Feature extraction is performed on the preprocessed radar data to identify the reflected signals of underground targets. Signal processing techniques are used to suppress interference signals. Based on the extracted features, underground targets are identified and classified. The identified underground targets are labeled, and their location, depth, type, and size attributes are recorded. The labeled feature data is stored in a database, forming an underground radar feature set.

[0017] The process involves converting surface feature sets, underground radar feature sets, and construction excavation structure drawings into IFC format. The converted surface feature sets are then imported into the BIM software project, ensuring alignment with actual geographic coordinates and guaranteeing data integrity and accuracy. Next, the underground radar feature sets are imported into the BIM software project, and the display method of the underground features is adjusted, using different layers to distinguish different types of underground targets. The Z-axis coordinates are adjusted to ensure correct spatial alignment between underground and surface features. Finally, the construction excavation structure drawings are imported into the BIM software project, ensuring spatial alignment with both surface and underground features. The surface features, underground features, and construction excavation structure are then merged, and the merged data is checked to ensure there are no overlapping or conflicting feature data. Ultimately, a complete three-dimensional feature model is constructed.

[0018] The process involves determining the principles for dividing the construction area into blocks based on its topography, geological conditions, and construction plan. Using a segmentation tool in BIM, the three-dimensional feature model is divided into blocks according to these principles. An identifier is assigned to each block, and the earthwork volume for each block is calculated and recorded. Finally, the earthwork excavation volumes of all blocks are summarized to obtain the total earthwork excavation volume X.

[0019] When comparing the three-dimensional feature models of earthwork, only the blocks that have been constructed on the same day are extracted for feature extraction. Blocks that have been completed and blocks that have not been constructed do not need to be measured again. When comparing excavations, the blocks that have been constructed on the same day are selected separately for comparison.

[0020] When revising the construction schedule, the geological structure of the unexcavated area is compared with that of the excavated area. The proportion of hard rock layer is compared, the excavation time of the hard rock layer is predicted, and the impact of the hard rock layer on the excavation progress is analyzed.

[0021] Among these methods, the geological structure of unexcavated areas is compared with that of excavated areas, the distribution structure and content of hard rock layers are compared, the excavation efficiency of the equipment in handling hard rock layers is evaluated based on the performance parameters of the construction equipment, the excavation time of hard rock layers is compared with the original planned excavation time, the impact of hard rock layers on the overall excavation progress is evaluated, and if the actual excavation time of hard rock layers is longer than the predicted excavation time, the construction plan needs to be adjusted.

[0022] After the construction schedule is revised, the required daily excavation volume is given. Two solutions are provided based on the increased excavation volume: Solution 1 is to extend the daily excavation time until the required excavation volume is reached; Solution 2 is to add excavation equipment to improve excavation efficiency until the required excavation volume is reached.

[0023] In this process, the excavated blocks of the day are identified in the three-dimensional feature model, the excavated blocks of the day scanned by radar are imported into the three-dimensional feature model constructed by the BIM system, and then the unexcavated models of the same blocks in the three-dimensional feature model are replaced with the excavated models.

[0024] This invention discloses a BIM-based method for calculating earthwork excavation volume and simulating construction progress in water conservancy projects. By combining surface feature sets acquired by drones and sensors with underground radar feature sets obtained from radar scans, and then integrating them using BIM technology, this method can more comprehensively and accurately reflect the topography and geological conditions of the construction area. The multi-source data fusion effectively reduces calculation errors caused by incomplete or inaccurate data, thereby improving the accuracy of earthwork excavation volume calculation. Constructing a three-dimensional feature model provides a more intuitive display of the topography and geological structure of the construction area, making the earthwork excavation volume calculation more consistent with actual engineering conditions. The model clearly shows the topographic undulations and geological stratification information of different areas, allowing for more accurate division of blocks and calculation of the earthwork excavation volume for each block, ultimately yielding a more precise total earthwork excavation volume X. During the construction progress simulation, the number of excavation days D is used as a fixed value. By calculating the remaining earthwork volume C after each day's construction and the actual remaining excavation days T, the construction progress can be monitored in real time and accurately. When T > (DN), In this system, the construction progress can be corrected in a timely manner, increasing the daily excavation volume and ensuring the project is completed on time. Based on real-time data, the progress prediction and correction mechanism, compared to traditional experience-based estimations or simple schedule planning, can more accurately control the construction progress, avoiding delays and increased costs caused by schedule lags. Daily excavation data and correction data are integrated into a three-dimensional feature model, enabling visualization of the construction process through construction progress simulation. After each day's construction is completed, radar is used to scan and identify the excavated blocks, comparing them with the initial three-dimensional feature model to confirm the actual daily excavation volume Z. Real-time monitoring of construction quality allows for timely detection of deviations and problems during the excavation process, preventing excessive over-excavation and under-excavation, thus ensuring that the construction quality meets design requirements. MIB technology provides an integrated information platform for the project. Based on accurate earthwork excavation volume calculations, real-time construction progress data, and a visualization model, project managers can gain a more comprehensive and objective understanding of the project situation, enabling them to make more scientific and reasonable decisions. Detailed Implementation

[0025] This invention provides a BIM-based method for calculating earthwork excavation volume and simulating construction progress in water conservancy projects, comprising the following steps:

[0026] Visual sensors are placed on drones, and the drones and visual sensors are used to visually identify ground features in the construction area from high altitude, and a set of surface features is constructed.

[0027] The underlying layer is scanned and identified using radar, and the identified radar data is used to construct an underground radar feature set.

[0028] The surface feature set and the underground radar feature set are integrated using BIM technology and combined with the construction excavation structure drawings to construct a three-dimensional feature model.

[0029] The three-dimensional feature model is divided into blocks, and the earthwork excavation volume of each block is calculated. Finally, the total earthwork excavation volume X of this project is obtained.

[0030] If the predicted daily excavation volume of the current construction equipment is Y, then the number of excavation days D = X / Y;

[0031] After the excavation is completed on the same day, the excavated blocks are scanned and identified by radar and compared with the initial three-dimensional feature model to confirm the actual excavation volume Z on the same day and calculate the remaining earthwork volume C.

[0032] During construction progress simulation, the number of excavation days D is a fixed value, the remaining number of excavation days is (DN), and N is the number of days already constructed. After the daily construction is completed, the earthwork surplus C / the daily predicted excavation volume Y = the actual remaining number of excavation days T. When T ≤ (DN), the system does not need to make corrections and excavation is carried out according to the daily predicted excavation volume Y. When T > (DN), the system corrects the construction progress and increases the daily excavation volume to make T ≤ (DN).

[0033] The daily mining and correction data are integrated into a three-dimensional feature model to visualize the construction process and simulate the construction progress.

[0034] In this embodiment, by combining the surface feature set acquired by UAVs and sensors with the underground radar feature set obtained by radar scanning, and then fusing them using BIM technology, the topography and geological conditions of the construction area can be reflected more comprehensively and accurately. Multi-source data fusion effectively reduces calculation errors caused by incomplete or inaccurate data, thereby improving the accuracy of earthwork excavation calculation. Constructing a three-dimensional feature model more intuitively displays the topography and geological structure of the construction area, making the earthwork excavation calculation more consistent with actual engineering conditions. The model clearly shows the topographic undulations and geological stratification information of different areas, allowing for more accurate division of blocks and calculation of the earthwork excavation volume for each block, ultimately yielding a more precise total earthwork excavation volume X. During the construction progress simulation, with the number of excavation days D as a fixed value, by calculating the remaining earthwork volume C after each day's construction and the actual remaining excavation days T, the construction progress can be monitored in real time and accurately. When T > (DN), the system can promptly update the construction progress. The system adjusts the daily excavation volume to ensure timely project completion. Based on real-time data, the progress prediction and correction mechanism, compared to traditional experience-based estimations or simple schedule planning, allows for more precise control of construction progress, avoiding delays and increased costs due to schedule lags. Daily excavation and correction data are integrated into a three-dimensional feature model, enabling visualization of the construction process through progress simulation. After each day's construction, radar scans and identifies the excavated blocks, comparing them with the initial three-dimensional feature model to confirm the actual daily excavation volume Z. This allows for real-time monitoring of construction quality, timely detection of deviations and problems during the excavation process, and prevention of excessive over-excavation and under-excavation, ensuring that construction quality meets design requirements. MIB technology provides an integrated information platform for the project. Based on accurate earthwork excavation volume calculations, real-time construction progress data, and a visualization model, project managers can gain a more comprehensive and objective understanding of the project, enabling more scientific and rational decision-making.

[0035] Furthermore, the acquired image data undergoes distortion correction and noise reduction preprocessing, color correction and brightness adjustment to improve image clarity and contrast, feature point extraction is performed on the preprocessed image, the extracted feature points are matched with predefined surface feature templates, the feature point recognition results and semantic segmentation results are fused, the identified surface features are labeled, including feature name, size, shape, and location attribute, and the labeled surface features are stored in the database to form a surface feature set.

[0036] In this embodiment, by performing distortion correction and denoising pre-processing on the acquired image data, noise and distortion in the image can be effectively reduced, improving image clarity and quality. High-quality image data can provide more accurate feature information, reducing the possibility of misidentification and misjudgment. Color correction and brightness adjustment of the image can further improve image clarity and contrast, helping to highlight important features in the image and making them easier to identify and extract. Feature point extraction of the preprocessed image can accurately locate key feature points in the image. Matching the extracted feature points with predefined surface feature templates can quickly and accurately identify surface features in the image. Fusing the feature point recognition results with the semantic segmentation results can further improve the accuracy and reliability of recognition. Semantic segmentation can provide semantic information of different regions in the image, while feature point recognition can provide specific feature location and attribute information. The fusion of the two can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the image content, improving the accuracy and robustness of feature recognition. Storing the labeled surface features in the database to form a surface feature set can achieve centralized management and efficient utilization of the data.

[0037] Furthermore, the radar equipment is moved along a planned path within the detection area and performs underground scanning. During the movement, the radar equipment emits electromagnetic waves. These electromagnetic waves propagate underground and are reflected when they encounter interfaces between different media. The reflected waves are received by the radar receiving antenna, which records the propagation time, amplitude, and phase information of the radar signal to form raw radar data. The collected radar data is preprocessed, and time correction and depth conversion are performed on the radar data to convert time data into depth data. Feature extraction is performed on the preprocessed radar data to identify the reflected signals of underground targets. Signal processing techniques are used to suppress interference signals. Based on the extracted features, underground targets are identified and classified. The identified underground targets are labeled, and their location, depth, type, and size attributes are recorded. The labeled feature data is stored in a database to form an underground radar feature set.

[0038] In this embodiment, raw radar data is formed by recording the propagation time, amplitude, and phase information of radar signals. This data is then preprocessed, time-corrected, and depth-converted to more accurately reflect the true situation of underground targets. Precise data processing can effectively reduce errors and improve the reliability of detection results. Feature extraction is performed on the preprocessed radar data to identify the reflected signals of underground targets. Signal processing techniques are used to suppress interference signals, which can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of target signals and reduce the possibility of misjudgment and missed detection. The identified underground targets are marked, and their location, depth, type, size, and other attributes are recorded, which can provide detailed information for subsequent data analysis and applications. The marked feature data is stored in a database to form an underground radar feature set, which enables centralized management and efficient utilization of the data.

[0039] Furthermore, the data from the surface feature set, the underground radar feature set, and the construction excavation structure drawings are converted to IFC format. The converted surface feature set is then imported into the BIM software project, ensuring that the imported data is aligned with the actual geographic coordinates and that the data is complete and accurate. Next, the underground radar feature set is imported into the BIM software project, and the display method of the underground features is adjusted. Different layers are used to distinguish different types of underground targets, and the Z-axis coordinate is adjusted to ensure that the underground features are correctly aligned with the surface features in space. Then, the construction excavation structure drawings are imported into the BIM software project, ensuring that the drawings are aligned with the surface and underground features in space. The surface features, underground features, and construction excavation structure are then merged, and the merged data is checked to ensure that there is no overlapping or conflicting feature data. Finally, a complete three-dimensional feature model is constructed.

[0040] In this embodiment, converting the surface feature set, underground radar feature set, and construction excavation structure drawings into IFC format ensures good compatibility and interoperability of these data across different BIM software. The IFC format integrates data from different sources and formats into a unified model, ensuring the imported data aligns with actual geographic coordinates. This guarantees the model's accuracy and reliability, helping construction personnel accurately locate and operate based on the model during actual construction, reducing construction errors caused by coordinate deviations. After importing the surface feature set, underground radar feature set, and construction excavation structure drawings into the BIM software project, the merged data is checked to ensure there are no overlapping or conflicting feature data. This effectively avoids data errors and duplication, improving model quality and usability. Adjusting the Z-axis coordinates ensures correct spatial alignment between underground and surface features, and using different layers to distinguish different types of underground targets enhances the visualization effect of the three-dimensional feature model.

[0041] Furthermore, based on the topography, geological conditions, and construction plan of the construction area, the principle of block division is determined. In BIM, the segmentation tool is used to divide the three-dimensional feature model into blocks according to the determined principle. An identifier is set for each block, the earthwork volume of each block is calculated, and the earthwork excavation volume of each block is recorded. Finally, the earthwork excavation volumes of all blocks are summarized to obtain the total earthwork excavation volume X.

[0042] In this implementation, by using a three-dimensional feature model in BIM for block division and earthwork volume calculation, the actual terrain and geological conditions of the construction area can be more accurately reflected. The three-dimensional model can provide detailed information on terrain undulations and geological stratification, making the earthwork volume calculation more consistent with the actual situation and reducing errors caused by model simplification or inaccurate data. Determining the block division principle based on the terrain, geological conditions, and construction plan of the construction area can ensure that the division of each block is more reasonable and scientific. Block division and earthwork volume calculation in BIM can generate an intuitive three-dimensional visualization model. Construction personnel and managers can clearly understand the earthwork excavation tasks and quantities of each block through the model, which facilitates construction planning and resource allocation. The BIM system supports data sharing and collaboration, and all project participants can access and update earthwork volume calculation data in real time, reducing communication costs and construction errors caused by information asymmetry.

[0043] Furthermore, when comparing the three-dimensional feature models of earthwork, only the blocks that have been constructed on the same day are extracted for feature extraction. Blocks that have been completed and those that have not been constructed do not need to be measured again. When comparing excavations, the blocks that have been constructed on the same day are selected separately for comparison.

[0044] In this implementation, feature extraction is performed only on the blocks that have been constructed on the same day, avoiding repeated measurements of both completed and unconstructed blocks. This significantly reduces the workload of measurement, saves time and labor costs, and improves construction efficiency. When performing excavation comparisons, the blocks constructed on the same day are selected for comparison, allowing for quick and accurate comparative analysis. This avoids comprehensive comparisons of the entire construction area, reduces unnecessary data processing and analysis time, and makes monitoring of construction progress more efficient.

[0045] Furthermore, when revising the construction schedule, the geological structure of the unexcavated area is compared with that of the excavated area. The proportion of hard rock layers is compared, and the excavation time of the hard rock layers is predicted to analyze the impact of the hard rock layers on the excavation progress.

[0046] In this embodiment, by comparing the geological structure of the unexcavated area with that of the excavated area, the geological conditions of the unexcavated area can be understood more accurately, helping to predict the distribution and content of hard rock layers, thereby improving the accuracy of excavation time prediction. Geological structure comparison analysis can make more accurate predictions of the excavation time of hard rock layers, which helps construction managers plan the construction schedule in advance, rationally allocate construction resources, and avoid construction delays caused by hard rock layers. By predicting the excavation time of hard rock layers and assessing their impact on the construction schedule, construction managers can adjust the construction plan in advance, rationally allocate construction resources, and increase excavation equipment or adjust the construction sequence to ensure that the construction progress meets expectations.

[0047] Furthermore, by comparing the geological structures of unexcavated and excavated areas, comparing the distribution structure and content of hard rock layers, and evaluating the excavation efficiency of the equipment in handling hard rock layers based on the performance parameters of the construction equipment, comparing the excavation time of hard rock layers with the originally planned excavation time, and evaluating the impact of hard rock layers on the overall excavation progress, if the actual excavation time of hard rock layers is longer than the predicted excavation time, the construction plan needs to be adjusted.

[0048] In this embodiment, by comparing the geological structure of the unexcavated area with that of the excavated area, especially the distribution structure and content of hard rock layers, a more accurate understanding of the geological conditions of the unexcavated area can be obtained. The comparative analysis method can provide more detailed geological information, helping to predict the distribution and content of hard rock layers, thereby improving the accuracy of excavation time prediction. Based on the performance parameters of the construction equipment, the excavation efficiency of the equipment in handling hard rock layers can be evaluated, and the excavation time of hard rock layers can be compared with the originally planned excavation time. This allows for a more accurate assessment of the impact of hard rock layers on the overall excavation progress, helping construction managers to plan the construction schedule in advance, rationally allocate construction resources, and avoid construction delays caused by hard rock layers.

[0049] Furthermore, after the construction schedule is revised, the required daily excavation volume is given, and two solutions are provided based on the increased excavation volume. Solution 1 is to extend the daily excavation time until the required excavation volume is reached, and Solution 2 is to add excavation equipment to improve excavation efficiency until the required excavation volume is reached.

[0050] In this implementation, two different solutions are provided, allowing construction managers to choose the most suitable solution based on the actual situation and dynamically adjust the construction plan. Solution 1 achieves the required excavation volume by extending the daily excavation time. This method can make full use of existing equipment and human resources without increasing equipment investment, thereby improving resource utilization efficiency. Solution 2 improves excavation efficiency by adding new excavation equipment. This method can quickly increase the excavation volume without extending working hours, ensuring construction progress. Adding new equipment can improve construction efficiency and reduce construction delays caused by insufficient equipment.

[0051] Furthermore, the excavated blocks of the day are identified in the three-dimensional feature model, and the excavated blocks of the day scanned by radar are imported into the three-dimensional feature model constructed by the BIM system. Then, the unexcavated models of the same blocks in the three-dimensional feature model are replaced with the excavated models.

[0052] In this embodiment, by identifying the excavated blocks of the day in the three-dimensional feature model and importing the excavated blocks of the day scanned by radar into the BIM system, the excavation information in the model can be updated in real time. This ensures that the model always reflects the latest construction situation, improves the accuracy and timeliness of the model, and allows for timely replacement of unexcavated models with excavated models. This reduces the accumulation of errors caused by outdated models and helps construction and management personnel make decisions and operate based on the latest model information during subsequent construction. It avoids construction errors caused by inaccurate models, enables more scientific and efficient management of construction progress, optimizes the allocation of construction resources, improves construction quality and safety, promotes project collaboration and scientific decision-making, and ultimately achieves smooth progress and cost control of the construction project.

[0053] Example 1:

[0054] A large-scale water conservancy project has a total earthwork excavation volume of 10,000 cubic meters, an excavation period of D = 50 days, and a daily predicted excavation volume of Y = 200 cubic meters. The excavation volume for the first 1-9 days is 200 cubic meters per day. A scan after the excavation is completed on the 10th day confirms the actual daily excavation volume Z = 180 cubic meters. The number of days already worked is N = 10 days, the remaining excavation days (DN) = 40 days, and the remaining earthwork volume is C = 8200 cubic meters. The actual remaining excavation days T = 8200 / 200 = 41 days. Since T is greater than (DN), the construction schedule needs to be revised. The revision plan is to add construction equipment to increase the daily excavation volume to 250 cubic meters. The remaining excavation days are then recalculated as T = 8200 / 250 ≈ 32.8 days. In this case, the revised T is less than (DN), so the revision plan aligns with the construction schedule.

[0055] Example 2:

[0056] For a large-scale water conservancy project, the total earthwork excavation volume is 10,000 cubic meters, the excavation days are D=50 days, the daily predicted excavation volume is Y=200 cubic meters, the excavation volume for the first 1-9 days is 200 cubic meters, the scan after the excavation is completed on the 10th day confirms that the actual excavation volume Z=220 cubic meters, the number of days already constructed is N=10 days, the remaining excavation days (DN)=40 days, the remaining earthwork volume is C=7800, and the actual remaining excavation days T=7800 / 200=39 days. At this time, T is less than (DN), so there is no need to modify the construction plan, and the original construction plan can be followed.

[0057] The above description discloses only one preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes of the above embodiments can be implemented, and equivalent changes made in accordance with the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating earthwork excavation volume and simulating construction progress in water conservancy projects based on BIM, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A visual sensor is placed on a drone, and the drone and the visual sensor are used to visually identify ground features in the construction area from high altitude. The acquired image data is pre-processed with distortion correction and noise reduction, and the images are color corrected and brightness adjusted to improve image clarity and contrast. Feature points are extracted from the pre-processed images and matched with predefined surface feature templates. The feature point recognition results and semantic segmentation results are fused, and the identified surface features are labeled, including the feature name, size, shape, and location attribute. The labeled surface features are stored in a database to form a surface feature set. The radar equipment is moved along a planned path within the detection area and performs underground scanning. During the movement, the radar equipment emits electromagnetic waves. These electromagnetic waves propagate underground and are reflected when they encounter interfaces between different media. The reflected waves are received by the radar receiving antenna, which records the propagation time, amplitude, and phase information of the radar signal to form raw radar data. The collected radar data is preprocessed, and time correction and depth conversion are performed on the radar data to convert time data into depth data. Feature extraction is performed on the preprocessed radar data to identify the reflected signals of underground targets. Signal processing techniques are used to suppress interference signals. Based on the extracted features, underground targets are identified and classified. The identified underground targets are marked, and their location, depth, type, and size attributes are recorded. The marked feature data is stored in a database to form an underground radar feature set. The surface feature set data, the underground radar feature set data, and the construction excavation structure drawings were all converted to IFC format. The converted surface feature set data was then imported into the BIM software project, ensuring that the imported data was aligned with the actual geographic coordinates and that the data was complete and accurate. Next, the underground radar feature set data was imported into the BIM software project, and the display method of the underground features was adjusted. Different layers were used to distinguish different types of underground targets, and the Z-axis coordinates were adjusted to ensure that the underground features and surface features were correctly aligned in space. Then, the construction excavation structure drawings were imported into the BIM software project, ensuring that the drawings were aligned in space with the surface and underground features. The surface features, underground features, and construction excavation structure were then merged, and the merged data was checked to ensure that there were no overlapping or conflicting feature data. Finally, a complete three-dimensional feature model was constructed. Based on the topography, geological conditions and construction plan of the construction area, the principle of block division is determined. In BIM, the segmentation tool is used to divide the three-dimensional feature model into blocks according to the determined principle. An identifier is set for each block, the earthwork volume is calculated for each block, and the earthwork excavation volume of each block is recorded. Finally, the earthwork excavation volumes of all blocks are summarized to obtain the total earthwork excavation volume X. If the predicted daily excavation volume of the current construction equipment is Y, then the number of excavation days D = X / Y; After the excavation is completed on the same day, the excavated blocks are scanned and identified by radar and compared with the initial three-dimensional feature model to confirm the actual excavation volume Z on the same day and calculate the remaining earthwork volume C. During construction progress simulation, the number of excavation days D is a fixed value, the remaining number of excavation days is (DN), and N is the number of days already constructed. After the daily construction is completed, the earthwork surplus C / the daily predicted excavation volume Y = the actual remaining number of excavation days T. When T ≤ (DN), the system does not need to make corrections and excavation is carried out according to the daily predicted excavation volume Y. When T > (DN), the system corrects the construction progress and increases the daily excavation volume to make T ≤ (DN). The daily mining and correction data are integrated into a three-dimensional feature model to visualize the construction process and simulate the construction progress.

2. The method for calculating earthwork excavation volume and simulating construction progress in water conservancy projects based on BIM as described in claim 1, wherein after excavation is completed on the same day, radar is used to scan and identify the excavated blocks of the day, and the results are compared with the initial three-dimensional feature model to confirm the actual excavation volume Z for the day, and the remaining earthwork volume C is calculated, characterized in that... When comparing the three-dimensional feature models of earthwork, only the blocks that have been constructed on the same day are extracted for feature extraction. Blocks that have been completed and those that have not been constructed do not need to be measured again. When comparing excavations, the blocks that have been constructed on the same day are selected separately for comparison.

3. The method for calculating earthwork excavation volume and simulating construction progress in water conservancy projects based on BIM as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When revising the construction schedule, the geological structure of the unexcavated area is compared with that of the excavated area. The proportion of hard rock layer content is compared, and the excavation time of the hard rock layer is predicted. The impact of the hard rock layer on the excavation schedule is analyzed.

4. The method for calculating earthwork excavation volume and simulating construction progress in water conservancy projects based on BIM as described in claim 3, characterized in that, By comparing the geological structures of unexcavated and excavated areas, comparing the distribution structure and content of hard rock layers, and evaluating the excavation efficiency of the equipment in handling hard rock layers based on the performance parameters of the construction equipment, comparing the excavation time of hard rock layers with the original planned excavation time, and evaluating the impact of hard rock layers on the overall excavation progress, the construction plan needs to be adjusted if the actual excavation time of hard rock layers is longer than the predicted excavation time.

5. The method for calculating earthwork excavation volume and simulating construction progress in water conservancy projects based on BIM as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After the construction schedule is revised, the daily excavation volume required to be increased is given. Two solutions are provided based on the increased excavation volume: Solution 1 is to extend the daily excavation time until the required excavation volume is reached; Solution 2 is to add excavation equipment to improve excavation efficiency until the required excavation volume is reached.

6. The method for calculating earthwork excavation volume and simulating construction progress in water conservancy projects based on BIM as described in claim 1, characterized in that the daily excavation data and correction data are integrated into a three-dimensional feature model to visualize the construction process for simulating construction progress, is characterized in that... The blocks excavated on the same day are identified in the three-dimensional feature model. The excavated blocks of the same day scanned by radar are imported into the three-dimensional feature model constructed by the BIM system. Then, the unexcavated models of the same blocks in the three-dimensional feature model are replaced with the excavated models.