Tunnel geological axis continuous global detection method and system

Abstract

The application provides a tunnel geological axis continuous global detection method and system, which comprises the following steps: using a small-sized horizontal directional drilling machine to carry out segmented relay drilling along the tunnel axis in the non-face region of the tunnel, so as to realize continuous detection of the geological axis of an arbitrary long tunnel; using electromagnetic radial detection equipment and acoustic radial detection equipment to carry out radial detection of the geology within a certain detection radius range around the borehole, so as to realize global detection of the surrounding rock geology in the tunnel excavation area; using in-situ stress testing equipment to carry out in-situ stress testing of the horizontal irregular borehole by stress relief method, so as to realize accurate detection of the stress of the surrounding rock on the tunnel axis; using the drilling parameter inversion rock strength and the lithology division based on the cuttings migration model to realize the non-coring surrounding rock geological parameter and information acquisition. The application realizes fine global detection of the tunnel geological axis by using segmented relay horizontal directional drilling and multi-dimensional surrounding rock space detection means.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel drilling technology, specifically to a method and system for continuous full-area detection of tunnel geological axes. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnel engineering, the complexity of geological conditions directly affects the safety and stability of tunnel construction. With the increasing prevalence of deep-buried, high-altitude, glacier-covered mountain tunnels and underwater tunnels crossing rivers and seas, traditional tunnel geological exploration primarily employs vertical drilling and surface geophysical methods. For tunnels in extremely complex environments, drilling rigs often cannot reach the borehole location, making drilling difficult. Due to the great depth of the tunnel, surface geophysical methods are difficult to implement and have low accuracy. For general tunnels, even if limited vertical drilling is possible, geological information is discontinuous along the axis, and geological information between vertical boreholes relies on inference. Ultimately, this leads to difficulties in identifying geological information and controlling engineering risks during tunnel construction. Furthermore, traditional tunnel geological exploration methods struggle to conduct detailed geological surveys of the surrounding rock, obtain geostress parameters, and rely on coring to determine the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock and the boundaries of rock strata, resulting in high operating costs and low efficiency.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can achieve continuous, comprehensive, and detailed detection of the geological axis of tunnels in order to improve the safety and construction efficiency of tunnel engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the existing technology, the purpose of this application is to provide a method and system for continuous full-area detection of tunnel geological axes.

[0005] According to one aspect of this application, a method for continuous full-range detection of the geological axis of a tunnel is provided. The method includes: using a horizontal directional drilling rig to drill in stages along the tunnel axis in a relay manner in the non-face area of ​​the tunnel to obtain a horizontal directional hole, thereby realizing continuous detection of the geological structure of any tunnel along the entire length of the axis.

[0006] During or after each stage of drilling, electromagnetic radial detection equipment and acoustic radial detection equipment are used to obtain the geological characteristics of geological anomalies within the radial range set by the horizontal directional hole.

[0007] During or after each stage of drilling, in-situ stress testing equipment is used to conduct in-situ stress testing to obtain data on the surrounding rock stress along the tunnel axis.

[0008] During each stage of drilling, the surrounding rock strength is inverted using drilling parameters, the lithological boundary is inverted based on the cuttings transport model of the horizontal directional drilling annulus, and the surrounding rock properties of the tunnel axis are inverted by combining the surrounding rock strength and the lithological boundary.

[0009] Based on the described geological features, the in-situ stress data information of the surrounding rock, and the behavior of the surrounding rock, obtain the continuous detection results of the tunnel geology along the entire length of the axis.

[0010] Optionally, in the non-face area of the tunnel, use a horizontal directional drill to perform staged relay drilling along the tunnel axis to obtain horizontal directional holes, so as to achieve continuous detection of any tunnel geology along the entire length of the axis. Specifically, it includes:

[0011] According to the tunnel construction plan, determine the staged drilling distance of the horizontal directional drill, determine the model of the horizontal directional drill, the parameters of the horizontal directional drill, and the drilling tools and facilities supporting the horizontal directional drill, and formulate a drilling plan;

[0012] Use the horizontal directional drill to start the first-stage horizontal directional hole drilling from the set tunnel excavation opening according to the drilling plan. After the first-stage horizontal directional hole drilling is completed, perform the first-stage tunnel excavation along the horizontal directional hole trajectory formed by the first-stage horizontal directional hole drilling;

[0013] After the first-stage tunnel excavation is completed, move the horizontal directional drill to the drill parking place in the tunnel and repeat the staged horizontal directional hole drilling, and at the same time perform staged tunnel excavation along the tunnel axis;

[0014] During each staged horizontal directional hole drilling or after the drilling is completed, install the electromagnetic wave radial detection equipment, the acoustic wave radial detection equipment, and the in-situ stress testing equipment on the horizontal directional drill, carry out tunnel detection work, and complete the full-line relay continuous drilling and testing of the horizontal directional drill along the tunnel axis direction.

[0015] Optionally, the first-stage horizontal directional hole drilling includes: when the tunnel has not been excavated, at the set tunnel excavation opening, use the horizontal directional drill to drill along the tunnel axis to obtain a horizontal directional hole, and stop drilling after reaching the preset drilling distance, and the preset drilling distance is equal to the staged drilling distance of the horizontal directional drill.

[0016] Optionally, the staged horizontal directional hole drilling includes: planning the staged drilling trajectory of the horizontal directional drill, and the staged drilling trajectory includes a hole-opening straight drilling section, an inclination increasing section, an inclination decreasing section, and a drilling section along the tunnel axis that are connected in sequence. Among them, the hole-opening straight drilling section is parallel to the drilling section along the tunnel axis, the drilling section along the tunnel axis is collinear with the tunnel axis, the distance of the staged drilling trajectory along the tunnel axis direction is equal to the staged drilling distance of the horizontal directional drill, and use the horizontal directional drill to drill along the staged drilling trajectory to obtain a horizontal directional hole. Among them, the position of the drilling section along the tunnel axis formed by the staged horizontal directional hole drilling coincides with the position of the horizontal directional hole formed by the first-stage horizontal directional hole drilling.

[0017] Optionally, the drilling rig parking area inside the tunnel is an emergency parking lane behind the cross passage or the working face area;

[0018] If cross-tunnel excavation is carried out simultaneously during tunnel excavation, the horizontal directional drilling rig will be moved to the middle of the cross-tunnel inside the tunnel.

[0019] If no cross-tunnel excavation is carried out during the tunnel excavation process, the horizontal directional drilling rig will be moved to the emergency parking lane behind the tunnel face working area.

[0020] Optionally, the method of acquiring geological features of geological anomalies within a predetermined radial range of a horizontally oriented borehole using electromagnetic radial detection equipment and acoustic radial detection equipment includes:

[0021] During or after each stage of drilling, the electromagnetic radial detection equipment is activated to obtain the precise location of geological anomalies and their corresponding images within the radial range of the horizontal directional hole.

[0022] During or after each stage of drilling, the acoustic radial detection equipment is activated to obtain three-dimensional identification data of geological anomalies within the radial range of the horizontal directional hole.

[0023] By combining the location, images, and three-dimensional recognition data of geological anomalies, the geological features within the tunnel drilling section formed during this stage of drilling are obtained.

[0024] Optionally, the in-situ stress test includes:

[0025] During or after each stage of drilling, in-situ ground stress testing equipment is activated to conduct in-situ ground stress tests.

[0026] A test area is selected on the borehole wall of a horizontally oriented borehole. Three test points are selected sequentially within the test area. The strain of the borehole wall in the circumferential, radial, and tangential directions at each test point is obtained using the in-situ geostress testing equipment. Based on the strain measurement results of the borehole wall in the circumferential, radial, and tangential directions at the three test points, and combined with the horizontal irregular borehole wall strain-far field stress analytical model based on complex variable functions, the far field triaxial geostress of the test area is obtained.

[0027] Multiple test areas were selected, and in-situ stress tests were repeated to complete the in-situ stress measurement of the tunnel drilling section formed in this stage of drilling, and to obtain the surrounding rock stress data information on the tunnel axis.

[0028] Optionally, the method of obtaining the circumferential, radial, and tangential strain of the borehole wall at each test point using in-situ stress testing equipment includes:

[0029] The initial strain at the test point was obtained using in-situ stress testing equipment.

[0030] Using in-situ geostress testing equipment, rock samples were cut at the test points to collect strain changes in the core samples from the borehole walls before and after the cut.

[0031] Based on the strain changes of the borehole wall core before and after circumferential cutting, the circumferential, radial, and tangential strains of the borehole wall at the test point are obtained, and the strain measurement of the test point is completed.

[0032] Optionally, the step of inverting the surrounding rock strength using drilling parameters, inverting the lithological boundary based on the horizontal directional drilling annulus cuttings transport model, and combining the surrounding rock strength and lithological boundary to invert the surrounding rock properties along the tunnel axis includes:

[0033] During each drilling process, drilling parameters are collected in real time, including changes in drilling pressure, drill bit speed, torque, drill bit and drill string dimensions, mud flow rate, and mechanical drilling speed.

[0034] By combining the drilling trajectory and drilling parameters of the horizontal directional hole, the mechanical specific energy of the horizontal directional drilling rig is obtained. Based on the mechanical specific energy, a rock strength model is constructed, and then the surrounding rock strength along the trajectory of the horizontal directional hole is obtained using the rock strength model.

[0035] Based on the drilling parameters and the horizontal directional drilling annulus cuttings transport model, the location of cuttings, lithological boundaries, and the spatial distribution and physical properties of surrounding rock types along the tunnel axis were obtained.

[0036] Based on the results of the surrounding rock strength and the spatial distribution of the surrounding rock type, the characteristics of the surrounding rock along the tunnel axis are inverted.

[0037] According to another aspect of this application, a continuous full-range detection device for tunnel geological axes is provided, comprising:

[0038] A horizontal directional drilling rig, and electromagnetic radial detection equipment, acoustic radial detection equipment, and in-situ ground stress testing equipment installed on the horizontal directional drilling rig, as well as a surrounding rock property inversion module and a tunnel detection result extraction module, wherein:

[0039] The horizontal directional drilling rig is used to drill horizontal directional holes in stages along the tunnel axis in the non-face area of ​​the tunnel to achieve continuous geological exploration along the entire length of the axis of any tunnel.

[0040] The electromagnetic wave radial detection equipment and the acoustic wave radial detection equipment are used to acquire the geological characteristics of geological anomalies within a set radial range of a horizontal directional hole.

[0041] The in-situ ground stress testing equipment is used to conduct in-situ ground stress testing and obtain ground stress data information of the surrounding rock on the tunnel axis.

[0042] The surrounding rock property inversion module is used to invert the surrounding rock strength using drilling parameters, invert the lithological boundary based on the horizontal directional drilling annulus cuttings transport model, and invert the surrounding rock property of the tunnel axis by combining the surrounding rock strength and lithological boundary.

[0043] The tunnel detection result extraction module is used to combine the geological features, the surrounding rock stress data, and the surrounding rock properties to obtain continuous detection results of the tunnel geology along the entire length of the axis.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0045] 1. This application employs a segmented relay-style horizontal directional drilling method, enabling continuous drilling of the surrounding rock along the tunnel axis of any length, ensuring complete and comprehensive information for the entire tunnel. It utilizes electromagnetic and acoustic radial detection equipment to achieve long-range radial drilling, enabling geological information detection within a certain testing radius around the borehole, fully covering the tunnel excavation area and overcoming the limitations of traditional borehole detection methods that only provide a single view. Furthermore, it employs in-situ stress testing equipment to achieve in-situ stress testing for stress relief in irregular horizontal boreholes, enabling advanced detection of surrounding rock stress. By using drilling parameters and drilling cuttings, combined with a rock strength inversion model based on mechanical specific energy and a horizontal directional drilling annulus cuttings transport model, it comprehensively analyzes the characteristics and spatial distribution of the surrounding rock, accurately characterizing its spatial properties. This application, employing segmented relay-style horizontal directional drilling and multi-dimensional surrounding rock spatial detection methods, achieves continuous, comprehensive, and refined monitoring and analysis of the tunnel geological axis, providing an efficient, accurate, and comprehensive methodology for advanced geological information detection in tunnel engineering construction.

[0046] 2. The segmented relay horizontal directional drilling method adopted in this application plans a smooth curved flexible drilling trajectory, including a straight drilling section at the borehole opening, an inclination-increasing section, an inclination-decreasing section, and a drilling section along the tunnel axis, based on the guiding capability of the drilling rig and the characteristics of the drilling tools during each drilling process. This ensures that the drilling rig can drill efficiently and smoothly without affecting the normal excavation of the tunnel face. It can realize continuous drilling of the surrounding rock along the tunnel axis of any length, ensuring that the information of the entire tunnel is complete and without omission. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Other features, objects, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the trajectory of a horizontal directional drilling rig when excavating a tunnel with a cross passage in an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the trajectory of a horizontal directional drilling rig when no cross-tunnel is excavated, as described in the embodiments of this application.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic wave radial detection equipment in the embodiments of this application;

[0051] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the acoustic radial detection equipment in the embodiments of this application;

[0052] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the in-situ geostress testing equipment in the embodiments of this application, wherein (a) is a structural schematic diagram of the in-situ geostress testing equipment, (b) is a structural schematic diagram of the geostress testing module, (c) is a structural schematic diagram of the strain sensing device, and (d) is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of test points.

[0053] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the drilling parameter inversion of surrounding rock characteristics in the embodiments of this application.

[0054] In the diagram: 101-Horizontal directional drilling rig; 102-Horizontal directional hole; 1021-Straight drilling section at the borehole opening; 1022-Inclination-increasing section; 1023-Inclination-reducing section; 1024-Drilling section along the tunnel axis; 103-Tunnel surrounding rock wall; 104-Tunnel; 105-Cross passage; 106-Tunnel axis; 107-First excavation face; 108-Segmented excavation face; 109-Surrounding rock mass; 110-Emergency stopping lane; 200-Electromagnetic wave radial detection equipment; 201-Connector; 202-Transmitter battery module; 203-Transmission control module; 204-Radar transceiver antenna module; 205-Signal receiving control module; 206-Receiver. Battery module; 300- Acoustic radial detection equipment; 301- Acoustic source module; 302- Switch module; 303- Energy storage capacitor module; 304- Inverter control module; 305- Charging control module; 306- Communication control module; 307- Data acquisition module; 400- In-situ ground stress testing equipment; 401- Ground stress testing module; 4011- Mechanical arm; 4012- Rock sample circumferential cutting equipment; 4013- Strain sensing device; 4014- Rotating arm; 4015- Guide rail; 4016- Triaxial strain rosette sensor; 402- Hydraulic drive module; 403- Control and data transmission module; 501- Hole wall; 502- Test point. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present application, but do not limit the present application in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present application. Parts not described in detail in the following embodiments can be implemented using existing technology.

[0056] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0057] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0058] In the description of the embodiments in this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. In this application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "linked," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0059] The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the embodiments of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the steps or units listed, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to such processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0060] Currently, traditional tunnel geological exploration methods are insufficient for detailed and continuous exploration of the surrounding rock geology of tunnels, resulting in high operating costs and low efficiency. To address these issues, this application provides a method for continuous, full-area exploration of tunnel geological axes, thereby resolving these problems.

[0061] This application provides a method for continuous full-area detection of tunnel geological axes, the method including:

[0062] S1. In the non-face area of ​​the tunnel, a horizontal directional drilling rig 101 is used to drill in stages along the tunnel axis to obtain a horizontal directional hole 102, so as to realize continuous geological exploration along the entire length of the tunnel axis.

[0063] The horizontal directional drilling rig 101 may be equipped with radial detection equipment and in-situ ground stress testing equipment 400. The radial detection equipment includes electromagnetic wave radial detection equipment 200 and acoustic wave radial detection equipment 300.

[0064] S2. During or after each stage of drilling in S1, the electromagnetic wave radial detection equipment 200 and the acoustic wave radial detection equipment 300 are used to obtain the geological characteristics of the geological anomaly within the radially set range of the horizontal directional hole 102.

[0065] S3. During or after each stage of drilling in S1, in-situ ...

[0066] S4. During each stage of drilling in S1, the surrounding rock strength is inverted using drilling parameters. The lithological boundary is inverted based on the cuttings transport model of the horizontal directional drilling annulus. Combining the surrounding rock strength and lithological boundary, the surrounding rock properties of the tunnel axis are inverted.

[0067] S5. Combining the geological characteristics of S2, the surrounding rock stress data of S3, and the surrounding rock properties of S4, obtain the continuous geological exploration results along the entire length of the tunnel axis. The continuous geological exploration results along the entire length of the tunnel axis include the geological exploration results within the preset exploration radius of the borehole and the geological exploration results along the borehole line.

[0068] The continuous, full-area detection method for tunnel geological axes implemented in embodiments S1-S5 of this application achieves continuous, full-area, and detailed detection of tunnel geology by combining a miniaturized horizontal directional drilling rig, radial detection equipment, in-situ ground stress testing equipment, and drilling parameter inversion technology. Of course, the above embodiments are one implementation method of this application, and steps S2-S4 are not required to be executed strictly in the above order. In other embodiments, S2-S4 can be performed in any order during each drilling stage, or they can be executed in parallel.

[0069] In some specific embodiments of this application, in order to effectively achieve continuous geological exploration along the entire length of any long tunnel axis, step S1, which employs a miniaturized horizontal directional drilling rig for staged relay drilling along the tunnel axis in the non-face area of ​​the tunnel, may further include:

[0070] S11. Based on the tunnel construction plan and schedule, determine the segmented drilling distance D of the horizontal directional drilling, determine the model of the horizontal directional drilling rig, the parameters of the horizontal directional drilling rig, and the drilling tools and equipment that are matched with the horizontal directional drilling rig, formulate a drilling plan, and select the tunnel excavation portal.

[0071] S12. Using a horizontal directional drilling rig 101, the first stage of horizontal directional drilling begins from the selected tunnel excavation entrance according to the drilling plan. After the first stage of horizontal directional drilling is completed, the first stage of tunnel excavation is carried out along the trajectory of the horizontal directional borehole formed by the first stage drilling. The first excavation face 107, the tunnel surrounding rock wall 103 of the excavated tunnel drilling section, and the trajectory of the horizontal directional borehole 102 are referenced. Figure 1 As shown;

[0072] S13. After the first stage of tunnel excavation is completed, the horizontal directional drilling rig 101 will be moved to its parking location inside the tunnel, and the horizontal directional drilling will be repeated in segments. Simultaneously, segmented tunnel excavation will be carried out along the tunnel axis. Specifically, since the horizontal directional drilling speed is much faster than the tunnel excavation speed, tunnel excavation can be carried out simultaneously during the horizontal directional drilling segmentation. The results of the horizontal directional drilling and tunnel geological exploration can be used to guide the design and construction of this section of the tunnel. The segmented excavation face 108 for the segmented tunnel excavation is referenced. Figure 1 As shown;

[0073] S14. During or after each segmented drilling of the horizontal directional hole, the electromagnetic radial detection equipment 200, the acoustic radial detection equipment 300, and the in-situ ground stress testing equipment 400 are installed on the drill rod of the horizontal directional drilling rig 101 to carry out tunnel detection work and complete the relay-style continuous drilling and testing of the entire horizontal directional drilling rig along the tunnel axis.

[0074] The embodiments described above employ a segmented relay-style horizontal directional drilling method. During each drilling segment, a smooth horizontal directional hole trajectory is planned based on the drilling rig's guiding capability and the characteristics of the drilling tools. This segmented drilling is repeated multiple times, and tunnel excavation is carried out segmentally within the rock mass 109. This completes the relay-style continuous drilling and excavation along the tunnel axis, solving the problem that traditional drilling rigs cannot continuously probe in long tunnels. Of course, the above embodiments are one implementation method of this application. Step S14 is not required to be executed strictly in the above order. In other embodiments, S14 can be performed in any order or in parallel during each segmented drilling of the horizontal directional hole.

[0075] In some specific embodiments of this application, the first stage of horizontal directional hole drilling includes: when the tunnel has not been excavated, at a set tunnel excavation opening, a horizontal directional drilling rig 101 is used to drill along the tunnel axis to obtain a horizontal directional hole 102, and drilling is stopped after reaching a preset drilling distance, which is equal to the horizontal directional drilling segmental drilling distance D.

[0076] In some specific embodiments of this application, segmented drilling of a horizontal directional borehole includes: planning the segmented drilling trajectory of the horizontal directional drilling rig 101 based on the guiding capability and characteristics of the drilling tools. The segmented drilling trajectory includes a straight drilling section 1021 at the borehole opening, an inclined section 1022, an inclined section 1023, and a drilling section 1024 along the tunnel axis, which are connected sequentially. The straight drilling section 1021 at the borehole opening is parallel to the drilling section 1024 along the tunnel axis, and the drilling section 1024 along the tunnel axis is collinear with the tunnel axis 106. The distance of the segmented drilling trajectory along the tunnel axis is equal to the distance of the horizontal directional drilling segment. Drilling distance D, using a horizontal directional drilling rig 101 to drill along the segmented drilling trajectory to obtain a horizontal directional hole 102. Among them, the drilling segment 1024 formed by the segmented drilling of the horizontal directional hole in S14 along the tunnel axis coincides with the position of the horizontal directional hole 102 formed by the drilling of the first stage horizontal directional hole (that is, ensuring that the drilling segment 1024 along the tunnel axis of this segment is perfectly connected with the drilling segment 1024 along the tunnel axis of the previous segment). In other words, the drilling segment 1024 formed by each segmented drilling of the horizontal directional hole along the tunnel axis and the horizontal directional hole 102 formed by the drilling of the first stage horizontal directional hole are on the same straight line.

[0077] In the above embodiments of this application, the meanings of the inclination-increasing section 1022 and the inclination-decreasing section 1023 in the horizontal directional drilling process are as follows:

[0078] Inclined section: refers to the section in horizontal directional drilling where the angle between the drilling trajectory and the drilling direction when the drill rod enters the ground increases with the increase of drilling footage, used to make the segmented drilling trajectory closer to the tunnel axis 106.

[0079] Decreasing section: refers to the section in horizontal directional drilling where the angle between the drilling trajectory and the drilling direction when the drill rod enters the ground decreases as the drilling progress increases. It appears after the increasing section and is used to connect the segmented drilling trajectory with the drilling section 1024 along the tunnel axis.

[0080] Among them, the straight drilling section 1021, the inclined section 1022, the inclined section 1023, and the drilling section 1024 along the tunnel axis are connected end to end and achieve a smooth transition, as shown in the reference. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, R is the radius of curvature of the segmented drilling trajectory during horizontal directional drilling, and the radius of curvature can be taken as 180m~900m.

[0081] In the above embodiments of this application, a smooth curved flexible drilling trajectory is planned in each drilling process, including a straight drilling section at the borehole opening, an inclination-increasing section, an inclination-decreasing section, and a drilling section along the tunnel axis. This ensures that the drilling rig can drill efficiently and smoothly without affecting the normal excavation of the tunnel face. It can realize continuous drilling of the surrounding rock along the tunnel axis of any length, ensuring that the information of the entire tunnel is complete and without omission.

[0082] In some specific embodiments of this application, before each segmented drilling of the horizontal directional hole, the horizontal directional drilling rig 101 is moved to the drilling rig parking area inside the tunnel 104. The drilling rig parking area inside the tunnel is either the transverse tunnel 105 or the emergency parking lane 110 behind the working face area.

[0083] Reference Figure 1 As shown, if cross-tunnel excavation is carried out simultaneously during tunnel excavation, the horizontal directional drilling rig 101 will be moved to the middle of the cross-tunnel 105 inside the tunnel.

[0084] Reference Figure 2 As shown, if no cross-tunnel excavation is carried out during the tunnel excavation process, the horizontal directional drilling rig 101 will be moved to the emergency parking lane 110 behind the tunnel face working area.

[0085] In some specific embodiments of this application, in order to effectively obtain the geological characteristics of geological anomalies within the radial range of the horizontal directional borehole and achieve full-area geological exploration of the surrounding rock within the tunnel excavation area, step S2, during or after each stage of drilling, uses electromagnetic wave radial detection equipment 200 and acoustic wave radial detection equipment 300 to obtain the geological characteristics of geological anomalies within the radial range of the horizontal directional borehole, may further include:

[0086] S21. During or after each stage of drilling, the electromagnetic radial detection equipment 200 is activated to obtain the precise location of geological anomalies and their corresponding images within the radial setting range of the horizontal directional hole. The detection setting range of the electromagnetic radial detection equipment 200 is 5m-15m.

[0087] S22. During or after each stage of drilling, the acoustic radial detection equipment 300 is activated to acquire three-dimensional identification data of geological anomalies within the radial setting range of the horizontal directional hole. The detection setting range of the acoustic radial detection equipment 300 is 10m-30m.

[0088] S23. Combining the location and images of geological anomalies in S21 with the three-dimensional stereoscopic identification data in S22, obtain the geological features within the tunnel drilling section formed during this stage of drilling.

[0089] The embodiments described above employ borehole radial detection technology. Electromagnetic wave radial detection equipment and acoustic wave radial detection equipment can detect geological information within a certain test radius around the borehole, completely covering the tunnel excavation area and overcoming the technical limitations of traditional borehole detection's "one-hole view." Furthermore, the combined radial detection method using electromagnetic wave radial detection equipment and acoustic wave radial detection equipment can compensate for the shortcomings of a single detection method, achieving multi-dimensional, high-precision geological detection within the tunnel excavation area.

[0090] In some specific embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 3 As shown, the electromagnetic wave radial detection equipment 200 includes, from front to back, a connector 201, a transmitter battery module 202, a transmission control module 203, a radar transceiver antenna module 204, a signal receiving control module 205, and a receiver battery module 206 connected sequentially. The connector 201 is used to connect to drill pipes or other drilling tools; the transmitter battery module 202 provides power to the transmission control module 203 and the radar electromagnetic wave transmission; the transmission control module 203 controls the radar electromagnetic wave transmission and adjusts transmission parameters; the radar transceiver antenna module 204 is used for radar electromagnetic wave transmission and radar reflected wave reception; the signal receiving control module 205 is used for radar reflected wave signal reception, recording, noise reduction, decoding analysis, and result transmission or storage; and the receiver battery module 206 provides power to the signal receiving control module 205 and the radar reflected wave reception.

[0091] Specifically, the electromagnetic wave radial detection equipment 200 completes the precise positioning and high-resolution imaging of geological anomalies within a set radial range of a horizontally oriented borehole through multi-frequency electromagnetic wave transmission, reception, signal separation, and imaging inversion. The transmitting battery module 202, transmission control module 203, and radar transceiver antenna module 204 complete the electromagnetic signal transmission; the radar transceiver antenna module 204, signal reception control module 205, and receiving battery module 206 complete the electromagnetic signal reception; and the signal reception control module 205 also performs signal separation and imaging inversion functions.

[0092] In some specific embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 4 The acoustic radial detection equipment 300 includes, from front to back, an acoustic source module 301, a switch module 302, an energy storage capacitor module 303, an inverter control module 304, a charging control module 305, a communication control module 306, and a data acquisition module 307 connected sequentially. The acoustic source module 301 generates an active acoustic pulse source signal; the switch module 302 controls whether electrical energy in the energy storage capacitor module 303 is released and transmitted to the acoustic source module 301; the energy storage capacitor module 303 stores pulse energy to provide the energy required for acoustic pulse excitation in the acoustic source module 301; the inverter control module 304 converts the DC power supplied by the power supply into high-frequency AC power and stores it in the energy storage capacitor module 303; the charging control module 305 controls the current input time and input parameters of the inverter control module 304; the communication control module 306 controls the signal parameter transmission of the acoustic radial detection equipment; and the data acquisition module 307 receives, stores, and analyzes the reflected acoustic wave signal.

[0093] Specifically, the acoustic radial detection equipment 300 achieves high-precision three-dimensional identification of geological anomalies within a set radial range of a horizontally oriented borehole through broadband acoustic wave transmission, pattern waveform recognition, adaptive filtering, and imaging inversion. The acoustic source module 301, switch module 302, energy storage capacitor module 303, inverter control module 304, charging control module 305, and communication control module 306 complete broadband acoustic wave transmission, while the data acquisition module 307 performs pattern waveform recognition, adaptive filtering, and imaging inversion functions.

[0094] In some specific embodiments of this application, in order to effectively obtain the surrounding rock stress data information on the tunnel axis and achieve accurate detection of the surrounding rock stress on the tunnel axis, step S3, during or after each stage of drilling, uses the in-situ stress testing equipment 400 to conduct in-situ stress testing using the horizontal irregular borehole stress relief method, may further include:

[0095] S31. Select a test area on the borehole wall 501 of the horizontal directional borehole, and select three test points 502 in sequence within the test area. Use the in-situ geostress testing equipment 400 to obtain the circumferential, radial and tangential strain of the borehole wall at each test point 502. Based on the strain measurement results of the circumferential, radial and tangential strain of the borehole wall at the three test points 502, and combined with the horizontal irregular borehole wall strain-far field stress analytical model based on complex variable functions, obtain the far field triaxial geostress of the test area.

[0096] S32. Select multiple test areas and repeat the in-situ stress test of S31 to complete the in-situ stress measurement of the tunnel drilling section formed in this stage of drilling and obtain the surrounding rock stress data information on the tunnel axis.

[0097] In S31 of the above embodiment of this application, the strain in the circumferential, radial, and tangential directions of the borehole wall at each test point is obtained using the in-situ stress testing equipment 400, including:

[0098] S311. The initial strain at test point 502 is obtained using in-situ stress testing equipment 400.

[0099] S312. Using the in-situ geostress testing equipment, rock samples at test point 502 with a 400-ring cut were collected to measure the strain changes of the test point borehole core before and after the ring cut.

[0100] S313. Based on the strain changes of the test point borehole wall core before and after circumferential cutting, obtain the circumferential, radial and tangential strains of the test point borehole wall, and complete the strain measurement of test point 502.

[0101] The embodiments described above employ in-situ geostress testing equipment to achieve in-situ geostress testing technology for stress relief in horizontally irregular boreholes, thereby enabling accurate and advanced detection of geostress in the surrounding rock of tunnels.

[0102] In some specific embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 5 (a)- Figure 5 (c) In this context, the in-situ ground stress testing equipment 400 includes, from front to back, a ground stress testing module 401, a hydraulic drive module 402, and a control and data transmission module 403, wherein:

[0103] The geostress testing module 401 is used to measure the strain of the core sample at the test point. The geostress testing module 401 includes a mechanical arm 4011, a rock sample circumferential cutting device 4012, a strain sensing device 4013, a rotating arm 4014, and a guide rail 4015. The mechanical arm 4011 is connected to the housing of the geostress testing module 401. The rock sample circumferential cutting device 4012 is movably connected to the guide rail 4015 via the rotatable rotating arm 4014. The guide rail 4015 is parallel to the radial direction of the horizontal directional wellbore, allowing the rock sample circumferential cutting device 4012 to perform radial extension and retraction relative to the horizontal directional wellbore. Simultaneously, the rock sample circumferential cutting device 4012 can also rotate. The strain sensing device 4013 is located at the center of the rock sample circumferential cutting device 4012 and can move independently. The variable sensing device 4013 has a triaxial strain gauge sensor 4016 attached inside. After the mechanical arm 4011 is opened, the strain sensing device 4013 extends and fits tightly against the borehole wall 501 and the rock wall. The rock sample circumferential cutting device 4012 can extend, rotate, and retract to circumferentially cut the rock sample. The opening of the mechanical arm 4011 provides a reaction force for the rock sample circumferential cutting device 4012 and the strain sensing device 4013. The rock sample circumferential cutting device 4012 and the strain sensing device 4013 are installed in opposite directions to the mechanical arm 4011, so that the rock sample circumferential cutting device 4012 and the strain sensing device 4013 can fit tightly against the borehole wall 501. The rock sample circumferential cutting device 4012 is used to cut the rock wall, and the strain sensing device 4013 is used to test the change in rock strain before and after circumferential cutting.

[0104] The hydraulic drive module 402 is connected to the mechanical arm 4011, the rock sample circumferential cutting device 4012, the strain sensing device 4013, and the rotating arm 4014. It is used to drive the mechanical arm 4011 to rotate, the rock sample circumferential cutting device 4012 to rotate, and the rotating arm 4014 to rotate, causing the rock sample circumferential cutting device 4012 to extend and retract, and the strain sensing device 4013 to extend and retract, thereby providing power for the geostress testing module 401 to complete the test point borehole core strain testing action.

[0105] The hydraulic drive module 402 and the triaxial strain rose sensor 4016 are both connected to the control and data transmission module 403, which is used to control the geostress testing module 401 to complete a series of test point borehole core strain testing actions, and to process and transmit the strain data obtained from the test.

[0106] For example, in-situ in-situ stress testing is performed using in-situ stress testing equipment 400, including:

[0107] Strain measurement at a single test point: The mechanical arm 4011 is opened so that the in-situ stress testing equipment 400 is pressed against the wall of the horizontal directional hole. A test point is selected on the hole wall. The strain sensing device 4013 extends and is pressed against the hole wall at the test point. The initial strain at the test point is calibrated. The rock sample circumferential cutting device 4012 extends, rotates and cuts the rock sample to a certain depth, and then retracts. The strain changes in the circumferential, radial and tangential directions before and after circumferential cutting of the rock sample at the test point are obtained, and the strain measurement at the test point is completed.

[0108] The strain measurement at the second test point: Move the drill rod connected to the in-situ stress testing equipment 400 forward along the tunnel axis by a preset distance, rotate it at a certain angle in a preset direction, and repeat the strain measurement at the single test point to complete the strain measurement at the second test point;

[0109] The strain measurement at the third test point: The drill rod connected to the in-situ stress testing equipment 400 is moved forward along the tunnel axis by a preset distance, rotated at a certain angle in a preset direction, and the strain measurement at the single test point is repeated to complete the strain measurement at the third test point.

[0110] In the above embodiments of this application, the preset distance range for the in-situ ground stress testing equipment 400 to move forward along the tunnel axis is 1m-3m. Rotation in a preset direction refers to clockwise or counterclockwise rotation along the circumference of the drill rod, with an angle rotation range of 110°-130°. When testing the second and third test points, the rotation is maintained in the same direction, thus ensuring that the azimuth angle between the three test points is approximately 120°. Figure 5 As shown in (d), movement and rotation are achieved by moving or twisting the drill pipe. All three test points fall within a single test area. Subsequently, based on the strain measurement results of the three test points, combined with the analytical model of strain-far-field stress of the horizontal irregular borehole wall based on complex functions, the far-field triaxial stress of this test area can be obtained.

[0111] To obtain the far-field triaxial in-situ stress in different test areas, the in-situ in-situ stress testing equipment 400 can be moved forward along the tunnel axis, with each movement distance greater than 10m. After the movement is completed, strain measurements are performed at three test points in each test area (i.e., three test points are selected in each test area, and strain measurement is performed at each test point). This completes the in-situ in-situ in-situ stress measurement of the tunnel drilling section in each stage of the drilling process, and obtains the surrounding rock in-situ stress data information on the tunnel axis.

[0112] In some specific embodiments of this application, in order to effectively invert the surrounding rock properties of the tunnel axis and realize the acquisition of geological parameters and information of the surrounding rock without core sampling, step S4 uses drilling parameters to invert the surrounding rock strength during each stage of drilling, inverts the lithological boundary based on the horizontal directional drilling annulus cuttings transport model, and combines the surrounding rock strength and lithological boundary to invert the surrounding rock properties of the tunnel axis. Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the drilling parameter inversion of surrounding rock characteristics in the embodiments of this application, with reference to... Figure 6 As shown, step S4 may further include:

[0113] S41. During each drilling process, real-time acquisition of drilling parameters, including changes in drilling pressure, drill bit speed, torque, drill bit and drill string dimensions, mud flow rate, and mechanical drilling speed.

[0114] S42. Combine the drilling trajectory and drilling parameters of the horizontal directional hole to obtain the mechanical specific energy of the horizontal directional drilling rig. Based on the mechanical specific energy, construct a rock strength model and then use the rock strength model to obtain the surrounding rock strength along the trajectory of the horizontal directional hole.

[0115] S43. Based on the drilling parameters and the horizontal directional drilling annulus cuttings transport model, obtain the location of cuttings, lithological boundaries, and spatial distribution and physical properties of surrounding rock types along the tunnel axis. The horizontal directional drilling annulus cuttings transport model can calculate the transport time and distance of cuttings based on the drilling parameters, thereby determining the specific location of the cuttings in the borehole and realizing logging cuttings identification.

[0116] S44. Combining the spatial distribution results of surrounding rock strength and type, the characteristics of surrounding rock along the tunnel axis are inverted.

[0117] The embodiments described above in this application employ drilling parameters and drilling cuttings, combined with a rock strength inversion model based on mechanical specific energy and a cuttings transport model in the horizontal directional drilling annulus, to comprehensively analyze the characteristics and spatial distribution of the surrounding rock and accurately characterize the spatial properties of the surrounding rock.

[0118] Based on the same inventive concept, another embodiment of this application provides a continuous full-domain detection system for tunnel geological axes. This system includes: a horizontal directional drilling rig 101, and electromagnetic radial detection equipment 200, acoustic radial detection equipment 300, and in-situ ground stress testing equipment 400 installed on the horizontal directional drilling rig 101, as well as a surrounding rock property inversion module and a tunnel detection result extraction module, wherein:

[0119] The horizontal directional drilling rig 101 is used to obtain horizontal directional holes by staged relay drilling along the tunnel axis in the non-face area of ​​the tunnel, so as to realize continuous detection of the geological conditions of any tunnel along the entire length of the axis.

[0120] Electromagnetic wave radial detection equipment 200 and acoustic wave radial detection equipment 300 are used to acquire the geological characteristics of geological anomalies within a set radial range of a horizontal directional hole;

[0121] The in-situ ground stress testing equipment 400 is used to conduct in-situ ground stress testing and obtain data on the ground stress of the surrounding rock along the tunnel axis.

[0122] The surrounding rock property inversion module is used to invert the surrounding rock strength using drilling parameters, invert the lithological boundary based on the horizontal directional drilling annulus cuttings transport model, and invert the surrounding rock property of the tunnel axis by combining the surrounding rock strength and lithological boundary.

[0123] The tunnel detection result extraction module is used to combine geological features, surrounding rock stress data and surrounding rock properties to obtain continuous detection results of the tunnel geology along the entire length of the axis.

[0124] In summary, the continuous, comprehensive tunnel geological axis detection method provided in this application combines miniaturized horizontal directional drilling rigs, radial detection equipment, in-situ stress testing equipment, and drilling parameter inversion technology within the tunnel. Employing segmented relay horizontal directional drilling and multi-dimensional surrounding rock spatial detection, it achieves continuous, comprehensive, and detailed tunnel geological detection, contributing to the formation of transparent tunnel geology. This method is applicable to general tunnel engineering, and particularly suitable for long tunnels in extremely complex environments. This application enables continuous, comprehensive, and detailed monitoring and analysis of tunnel geological axes, providing an efficient, accurate, and comprehensive methodology for advanced geological information detection in tunnel engineering construction.

[0125] The foregoing has described some specific embodiments of this application. It should be understood that this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the substantive content of this application. The above-described preferred features can be used in any combination without conflict.

Claims

1. A method for continuous full-area detection of tunnel geological axes, characterized in that, Comprising: In the non-face area of the tunnel, a horizontal directional drill is used to drill horizontal directional holes in a staged relay manner along the tunnel axis, achieving continuous detection of any tunnel geology along the entire length of the axis; During each stage of drilling or after the drilling is completed, electromagnetic wave radial detection equipment and acoustic wave radial detection equipment are used to obtain the geological characteristics of geological anomalies within the set radial range of the horizontal directional hole; During each stage of drilling or after the drilling is completed, in-situ stress testing equipment is used to conduct in-situ stress testing to obtain the in-situ stress data information of the surrounding rock on the tunnel axis; During each stage of drilling, the strength of the surrounding rock is inversely calculated using the drilling parameters, the lithological boundary is inversely calculated based on the horizontal directional drill annulus cuttings transport model, and the lithological state of the surrounding rock on the tunnel axis is inversely calculated by combining the strength of the surrounding rock and the lithological boundary; Combining the geological characteristics, the in-situ stress data information of the surrounding rock, and the lithological state of the surrounding rock, a continuous detection result of the tunnel geology along the entire length of the axis is obtained; The use of a horizontal directional drill in the non-face area of the tunnel to drill horizontal directional holes in a staged relay manner along the tunnel axis to achieve continuous detection of any tunnel geology along the entire length of the axis specifically includes: According to the tunnel construction plan, determine the staged drilling distance of the horizontal directional drill, determine the model of the horizontal directional drill, the parameters of the horizontal directional drill, and the drilling tools and facilities supporting the horizontal directional drill, and formulate a drilling plan; Using the horizontal directional drill, start the first-stage horizontal directional hole drilling from the set tunnel excavation entrance according to the drilling plan. After the first-stage horizontal directional hole drilling is completed, conduct the first-stage tunnel excavation along the horizontal directional hole trajectory formed by the first-stage horizontal directional hole drilling; After the first-stage tunnel excavation is completed, relocate the horizontal directional drill to the drill parking area inside the tunnel and repeat the staged drilling of the horizontal directional hole, while conducting staged tunnel excavation along the tunnel axis; During or after each staged drilling of the horizontal directional hole, install the electromagnetic wave radial detection equipment, the acoustic wave radial detection equipment, and the in-situ stress testing equipment on the horizontal directional drill to carry out tunnel detection work, and complete the full-line relay continuous drilling and testing of the horizontal directional drill along the tunnel axis direction.

2. The method for continuous full-area detection of tunnel geological axes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first-stage horizontal directional hole drilling includes: When the tunnel has not been excavated, at the set tunnel excavation entrance, use the horizontal directional drill to drill along the tunnel axis to obtain a horizontal directional hole, and stop drilling after reaching the preset drilling distance, where the preset drilling distance is equal to the staged drilling distance of the horizontal directional drill.

3. The method for continuous full-area detection of tunnel geological axes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The staged drilling of the horizontal directional hole includes: Plan the staged drilling trajectory of the horizontal directional drill, where the staged drilling trajectory includes a hole-opening straight drilling section, an inclination increasing section, an inclination decreasing section, and a drilling section along the tunnel axis that are connected in sequence. Among them, the hole-opening straight drilling section is parallel to the drilling section along the tunnel axis, the drilling section along the tunnel axis is collinear with the tunnel axis, and the distance of the staged drilling trajectory along the tunnel axis direction is equal to the staged drilling distance of the horizontal directional drill; The horizontal directional drilling rig is used to drill along the segmented drilling trajectory to obtain a horizontal directional hole, wherein the position of the drilling segment along the tunnel axis formed by the segmented drilling of the horizontal directional hole coincides with the position of the horizontal directional hole formed by the first stage of horizontal directional hole drilling.

4. The method for continuous full-area detection of tunnel geological axes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drilling rig parking area inside the tunnel is an emergency parking lane behind the cross passage or working face area; If cross-tunnel excavation is carried out simultaneously during tunnel excavation, the horizontal directional drilling rig will be moved to the middle of the cross-tunnel inside the tunnel. If no cross-tunnel excavation is carried out during the tunnel excavation process, the horizontal directional drilling rig will be moved to the emergency parking lane behind the tunnel face working area.

5. The method for continuous full-area detection of tunnel geological axes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of acquiring geological features of geological anomalies within a predetermined radial range of a horizontally oriented borehole using electromagnetic radial detection equipment and acoustic radial detection equipment includes: During or after each stage of drilling, the electromagnetic radial detection equipment is activated to obtain the precise location of geological anomalies and their corresponding images within the radial range of the horizontal directional hole. During or after each stage of drilling, the acoustic radial detection equipment is activated to obtain three-dimensional identification data of geological anomalies within the radial range of the horizontal directional hole. By combining the location, images, and three-dimensional recognition data of geological anomalies, the geological features within the tunnel drilling section formed during this stage of drilling are obtained.

6. The method for continuous full-area detection of tunnel geological axes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The in-situ stress test includes: During or after each stage of drilling, in-situ ground stress testing equipment is activated to conduct in-situ ground stress tests. A test area is selected on the borehole wall of a horizontally oriented borehole. Three test points are selected sequentially within the test area. The strain of the borehole wall in the circumferential, radial, and tangential directions at each test point is obtained using the in-situ geostress testing equipment. Based on the strain measurement results of the borehole wall in the circumferential, radial, and tangential directions at the three test points, and combined with the horizontal irregular borehole wall strain-far field stress analytical model based on complex variable functions, the far field triaxial geostress of the test area is obtained. Multiple test areas were selected, and in-situ stress tests were repeated to complete the in-situ stress measurement of the tunnel drilling section formed in this stage of drilling, and to obtain the surrounding rock stress data information on the tunnel axis.

7. The method for continuous full-area detection of tunnel geological axes according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method of obtaining the circumferential, radial, and tangential strain of the borehole wall at each test point using in-situ stress testing equipment includes: The initial strain at the test point was obtained using in-situ stress testing equipment. Using in-situ geostress testing equipment, rock samples were cut at the test points to collect strain changes in the core samples from the borehole walls before and after the cut. Based on the strain changes of the borehole wall core before and after circumferential cutting, the circumferential, radial, and tangential strains of the borehole wall at the test point are obtained, and the strain measurement of the test point is completed.

8. The method for continuous full-area detection of tunnel geological axes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method involves using drilling parameters to invert the surrounding rock strength, inverting the lithological boundary based on the horizontal directional drilling annulus cuttings transport model, and combining the surrounding rock strength and lithological boundary to invert the surrounding rock properties along the tunnel axis, including: During each drilling process, drilling parameters are collected in real time, including changes in drilling pressure, drill bit speed, torque, drill bit and drill string dimensions, mud flow rate, and mechanical drilling speed. By combining the drilling trajectory and drilling parameters of the horizontal directional hole, the mechanical specific energy of the horizontal directional drilling rig is obtained. Based on the mechanical specific energy, a rock strength model is constructed, and then the surrounding rock strength along the trajectory of the horizontal directional hole is obtained using the rock strength model. Based on the drilling parameters and the horizontal directional drilling annulus cuttings transport model, the location of cuttings, lithological boundaries, and the spatial distribution and physical properties of surrounding rock types along the tunnel axis were obtained. Based on the results of the surrounding rock strength and the spatial distribution of the surrounding rock type, the characteristics of the surrounding rock along the tunnel axis are inverted.

9. A continuous full-range tunnel geological axis detection system for implementing the method of any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: A horizontal directional drilling rig, and electromagnetic radial detection equipment, acoustic radial detection equipment, and in-situ ground stress testing equipment installed on the horizontal directional drilling rig, as well as a surrounding rock property inversion module and a tunnel detection result extraction module, wherein: The horizontal directional drilling rig is used to drill horizontal directional holes in stages along the tunnel axis in the non-face area of ​​the tunnel to achieve continuous geological exploration along the entire length of the axis of any tunnel. The electromagnetic wave radial detection equipment and the acoustic wave radial detection equipment are used to acquire the geological characteristics of geological anomalies within a set radial range of a horizontal directional hole. The in-situ ground stress testing equipment is used to conduct in-situ ground stress testing and obtain ground stress data information of the surrounding rock on the tunnel axis. The surrounding rock property inversion module is used to invert the surrounding rock strength using drilling parameters, invert the lithological boundary based on the horizontal directional drilling annulus cuttings transport model, and invert the surrounding rock property of the tunnel axis by combining the surrounding rock strength and lithological boundary. The tunnel detection result extraction module is used to combine the geological features, the surrounding rock stress data, and the surrounding rock properties to obtain continuous detection results of the tunnel geology along the entire length of the axis.

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