A complex type heading face dust synergistic and efficient control system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a complex type heading face dust coordinated and efficient treatment system and method, which comprises a high-concentration dust isolation air curtain system, a diffused dust efficient control air curtain system, a mine dry dust collector and a dust collector dehumidification system; a millimeter wave radar and a breathing sensor are used to dynamically track a driver state, a universal ball air outlet is driven to form a self-adaptive protective air curtain, and air supply is adjusted as required; a telescopic wind shield is linked with an internal bag, air volume of a compressed air pipe is intelligently distributed according to gas and dust concentrations, dust control and gas dilution are coordinated, a combination of a semiconductor refrigeration ring condensation pre-dehumidification and a double drying box adsorption deep dehumidification is adopted, and a dry agent online regeneration technology is used to realize efficient and continuous dehumidification. Through multi-sensor data fusion and multi-system coordinated regulation and control, the application solves a multi-parameter coupling treatment problem, realizes comprehensive protection of safety, efficiency and energy saving, and guarantees health of operating personnel and production continuity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine safety production and dust control technology, and in particular to a collaborative and efficient dust control system and method for complex types of tunneling working faces. Background Technology

[0002] In complex tunneling operations such as coal mines and tunnels, multiple severe environmental problems coexist, including excessive dust concentration, random gas emissions, and high air humidity, seriously threatening the health and safety of workers. Existing dust control measures generally suffer from insufficient systemicity and poor synergistic control capabilities, making them unsuitable for the collaborative dust control needs of complex tunneling faces.

[0003] In terms of protection in the core working area of ​​tunneling machine operators, traditional solutions mostly rely on fixed air curtains or simple spray devices. Fixed air curtains cannot dynamically adapt to the operator's position movement and posture adjustment during operation. When the operator deviates from the protective range of the air curtain, the protective effect will decrease sharply. The personal protective respirator worn by the operator usually has a fixed air supply volume, which cannot be adaptively adjusted according to the operator's breathing needs under different labor intensities. This may lead to insufficient air supply causing the risk of suffocation, or excessive air supply causing waste of compressed air resources.

[0004] In the air volume distribution process for gas dilution and dust control, the traditional roadway compressed air duct's air volume distribution mode is rigid and singular. It uses fixed-size air outlets on its side to control diffused dust and an air outlet at the end to dilute gas at the tunneling face. However, the total air volume of the compressed air duct is constant. When the gas concentration at the tunneling face suddenly increases and the dilution air volume needs to be increased, the traditional air volume distribution method cannot quickly transfer the air volume from the dust control side to the gas dilution side, posing a safety hazard. Conversely, when the dust concentration exceeds the standard and the dust control effect needs to be strengthened, it is also difficult to increase the dust control air volume, resulting in insufficient system response flexibility and safety.

[0005] Furthermore, the widespread use of water spraying for dust suppression at tunneling faces leads to a significant increase in the humidity of the dust-laden airflow. When this high-humidity airflow is drawn into the downstream dry dust collectors, it easily causes dust to clump and cake on the filter bags, resulting in a "bag clogging" phenomenon. This significantly increases system ventilation resistance, reduces dust removal efficiency, and shortens the filter bag's lifespan. Current conventional dehumidification solutions, such as simple condensation dehumidification, are prone to equipment blockage due to frost formation, while adsorption dehumidification requires shutdown to replace the adsorption material. Neither of these solutions can meet the demands of continuous mine production.

[0006] The driver protection, airflow distribution, dust removal, and dehumidification modules in the aforementioned existing technologies are mostly designed and operated independently, lacking a unified collaborative control mechanism. Information is not shared between subsystems, and actions are not coordinated, failing to form a comprehensive prevention and control system for changes in the tunneling face environment. This results in low overall management efficiency and high resource and energy consumption. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive dust control system integrating intelligent sensing, dynamic response, and multi-system collaboration to solve the problem of collaborative dust control in complex tunneling faces. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a collaborative and efficient dust control system and method for complex types of tunneling workfaces. Through multi-system collaborative linkage and intelligent control, it achieves the comprehensive goals of efficient dust control, safe gas dilution, and continuous airflow dehumidification, ensuring the health of workers and continuous and efficient production operation.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: a complex type of tunneling working face dust collaborative and efficient control system, including a tunneling machine, a high concentration dust isolation air curtain system, a diffusion dust control air curtain system, a mine dry dust collector, and a dust collector dehumidification system;

[0009] The tunneling machine is located inside the roadway, the conveyor belt is located behind the tunneling machine in the tunneling direction, and the high-concentration dust isolation air curtain system is installed above the tunneling machine corresponding to the driver's position; the diffusion dust control air curtain system is installed above the roadway and behind the tunneling machine; the dust collector dehumidification system and the mine dry dust collector are located on the conveyor belt, and the dust collector dehumidification system is connected to the end of the mine dry dust collector near the tunneling machine, used to remove water vapor in the dust-laden airflow before it enters the mine dry dust collector;

[0010] The high-concentration dust isolation air curtain system includes a downhole high-pressure air pipe, a bag filter, an air volume distributor, an L-shaped air bar, a driver's breathing mask, a millimeter-wave radar sensor, and a dust concentration sensor I;

[0011] The capsule filter is connected to the underground high-pressure air pipe located on the side of the roadway; the air volume distributor is installed at the end of the capsule filter away from the underground high-pressure air pipe, and the two output ends of the air volume distributor are respectively connected to the L-shaped air mast and the driver's breathing mask through hoses, which can distribute the air volume supplied to the L-shaped air mast and the driver's breathing mask.

[0012] The L-shaped air mast is installed in the driver's operating position area. A toothed tube is fixed inside the L-shaped air mast, and several universal balls are arranged on the surface of the toothed tube. The toothed tube is connected to the interior of each universal ball. Each universal ball has a strip-shaped air outlet on its surface and integrates a blowing unit inside. The L-shaped air mast is equipped with an air direction adjustment unit corresponding to each universal ball for adjusting the air outlet direction of the universal ball.

[0013] The millimeter-wave radar sensor and dust concentration sensor I are fixed behind the driver's operating position and are both electrically connected to the controller I of the air volume distributor and the controller II of the blowing unit.

[0014] The diffused dust control air curtain system includes a roadway compressed air pipe and an air curtain flow distribution subsystem; the end of the roadway compressed air pipe is a gas dilution outlet, and the side of the pipe wall is provided with a grid air outlet for controlling diffused dust; the air curtain flow distribution subsystem includes an integrated control collar, a retractable wind baffle, a multi-stage electric telescopic rod, an electric piston, a bag, a gas sensor, and a dust concentration sensor II.

[0015] The integrated control collar is fitted onto the outside of the roadway compressed air pipe and located on one side of the grid air outlet. The retractable wind baffle is set on the outside of the grid air outlet, and its two sides are respectively connected to the telescopic ends of the multi-stage electric telescopic rod. The fixed end of the multi-stage electric telescopic rod is installed on the integrated control collar. The electric piston is installed below the integrated control collar. The bag is located inside the roadway compressed air pipe, and one end of it is sealed to the telescopic end of the electric piston.

[0016] The gas sensor is installed on the tunneling machine in front of the driver's position, and the dust concentration sensor II is installed behind the tunneling machine. Both the gas sensor and the dust concentration sensor II are electrically connected to the built-in controller of the integrated control ring. The controller of the integrated control ring is electrically connected to the multi-stage electric telescopic rod and the electric piston. The integrated control ring receives signals from the gas sensor located in front of the tunnel and the dust concentration sensor II located behind the tunneling machine, and controls the multi-stage telescopic rod motor and the electric piston to change the coverage area of ​​the retractable wind deflector and the volume of the bag, thereby realizing the distribution of air volume in the tunnel compressed air pipe between gas dilution and dust control.

[0017] Furthermore, the dust collector dehumidification system includes a condensation dehumidification unit, which includes several semiconductor cooling chips, a cooling ring, and an electromagnetic vibrator. The inlet of the mining dry dust collector is connected to a dust collector pipe.

[0018] The cooling ring is fixed inside the front end of the dust collector pipe; several arrays of semiconductor cooling chips are mounted on the cooling ring, with hydrophobic coatings applied alternately to the inner side of the semiconductor cooling chips and several cooling wires installed; the cooling wires extend into the dust collector pipe; a condensate outlet is provided through the upper half of the semiconductor cooling chip, with the outlet of the condensate outlet facing the hot side of the semiconductor cooling chip; the electromagnetic vibrator is mounted on the outer wall of the cooling ring to drive the cooling ring to vibrate.

[0019] Furthermore, the dust collector dehumidification system also includes an adsorption dehumidification unit, which comprises two drying chambers connected in parallel to the rear end of the dust collector duct. Each drying chamber has an electrically controlled valve installed in its air inlet pipe and a humidity sensor installed at its outlet. Each drying chamber is filled with desiccant, has an electric heater installed at the bottom, and a strip grille at the top. An electrically controlled door is installed above the strip grille to control its opening and closing. The humidity sensor is electrically connected to the electrically controlled valve, the electric heater, and the electrically controlled door.

[0020] Furthermore, the driver's breathing mask has a breathing mask chamber on its side. A super-elastic silicone sheet is installed on the side of the breathing mask chamber closest to the driver's face, and a micro magnet is fixed on the super-elastic silicone sheet. A Hall element is installed on the side of the breathing mask chamber furthest from the driver's face, and the Hall element is electrically connected to a breathing intensity sensor. When the driver's breathing intensity changes, the change in gas pressure inside the breathing mask causes the super-elastic silicone sheet to deform, causing the position of the micro magnet to change. The Hall element then sends the position change signal to the breathing intensity sensor.

[0021] Furthermore, the two output ends of the air volume distributor are equipped with a controller I and a small axial flow fan I. The small axial flow fan I at the two output ends of the air volume distributor corresponds to the air supply for the L-shaped air mast and the driver's breathing mask, respectively. The controller I is electrically connected to the small axial flow fan I.

[0022] Furthermore, the airflow adjustment unit includes two stepper motors installed perpendicularly to each other at the same height. Each stepper motor output shaft is coaxially fixedly connected to a rubber rod. Both rubber rods are in contact with the outer surface of the omnidirectional ball and their axes are perpendicular to each other. When the rubber rods rotate, they drive the omnidirectional ball to pitch up and down or deflect horizontally through friction. The toothed tube is made of flexible air duct to adapt to the rotation of the omnidirectional ball, so that the airflow can be smoothly delivered to each air outlet.

[0023] Furthermore, the blowing unit includes a small axial flow fan II and a controller II. The small axial flow fan II controls the air volume of the strip-shaped air outlet of the universal ball. The controller II is electrically connected to the stepper motor and the small axial flow fan II.

[0024] Furthermore, the airflow in the high-concentration dust isolation air curtain system originates from the underground high-pressure air pipe. The underground high-pressure air pipe, the bag filter, the air volume distributor, the L-shaped air rod, and the driver's breathing mask are all connected by hoses, which can continuously provide airflow as the tunneling machine moves.

[0025] Furthermore, the retractable windbreak adopts a double-layer composite structure, with the base layer being polyurethane-coated fiberglass cloth and the surface layer being a flame-retardant and antistatic PVC coating; the bag is made of aramid fabric reinforced with neoprene rubber, and the bag is in a contracted state under natural conditions to ensure the basic air volume delivery of the compressed air pipe in the tunnel; the desiccant is an activated alumina desiccant, and cobalt chloride indicator is mixed inside.

[0026] A dust control method applied to the aforementioned complex type of tunneling working face collaborative and efficient dust control system includes the following steps:

[0027] S1. Dynamic air curtain initialization: After the system is started, the millimeter-wave radar sensor scans and locks the driver's position and posture in real time, and the dust concentration sensor I detects the dust concentration around the driver. Both transmit the data to controller I and controller II. Controller II drives the stepper motor to rotate, which drives the universal ball to deflect to the required angle through the rubber rod. At the same time, controller I adjusts the speed of the small axial flow fan I, and controller II adjusts the speed of the small axial flow fan II to form an enveloping initial protective air curtain.

[0028] S2. Adaptive Breathing Adjustment: During operation, the driver's breathing action causes changes in air pressure inside the breathing mask, which drives the deformation of the super-elastic silicone sheet and moves the micro magnet. The Hall element senses the change in magnetic field and converts it into an electrical signal, which is transmitted to the breathing intensity sensor. The breathing intensity sensor feeds back the breathing intensity data to the controller I. The controller I dynamically adjusts the speed of the corresponding small axial flow fan I to match the breathing demand with the air supply.

[0029] S3. Safety-first environmental monitoring: Gas sensors monitor the gas concentration at the tunnel face in real time, and dust concentration sensor II monitors the dust concentration behind the tunneling machine in real time. The data is synchronously transmitted to the controller with integrated control loop.

[0030] When the gas concentration exceeds the set threshold, the controller of the integrated control collar immediately commands the multi-stage electric telescopic rod to extend, driving the telescopic wind baffle to increase the coverage area of ​​the grid air outlet. At the same time, it commands the electric piston to retract, reducing the bag volume and reducing the air volume of the grid air outlet, giving priority to ensuring the gas dilution air volume at the end of the roadway compressed air pipe.

[0031] When the dust concentration exceeds the set threshold and the gas concentration is normal, the controller commands the multi-stage electric telescopic rod to retract, reducing the coverage area of ​​the telescopic wind deflector, and at the same time commands the electric piston to extend, increasing the bag volume and improving the dust control air volume of the grid outlet.

[0032] S4. Staged dehumidification of dust-laden airflow: High-humidity dust-laden airflow enters the front-end cooling ring area through the dust collector pipe. The semiconductor cooling chip and cooling wire cool the airflow, causing water vapor in the airflow to condense into water droplets. The water droplets are guided by the hydrophobic coating to the condensate outlet and then flow to the hot surface of the semiconductor cooling chip for evaporation.

[0033] The electromagnetic vibrator is started periodically to shake off the dust adhering to the cooling ring and cooling wire; the airflow after preliminary dehumidification enters the corresponding drying chamber through one of the electrically controlled valves, and is further dehumidified by the desiccant; the humidity sensor monitors the humidity at the outlet of the drying chamber in real time, and when the humidity reaches the set threshold, the electrically controlled valve of that branch is closed and the electrically controlled valve of the other branch is opened. At the same time, the electric heater and electrically controlled door of the saturated drying chamber are started to heat and regenerate the desiccant, so as to realize the continuous operation of the dehumidification process.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0035] 1. Dynamic and precise protection: By combining millimeter-wave radar with a omnidirectional ball air curtain, real-time tracking of the driver's position and directional airflow protection are achieved, breaking through the limitations of fixed air curtains and significantly improving the protection effect.

[0036] 2. Humanized breathing protection: The contactless breathing sensing system based on the Hall effect achieves precise matching between air supply and driver's physiological needs, improving work comfort and effectively saving energy.

[0037] 3. Intelligent air volume distribution: Through the linkage between the retractable wind baffle and the internal bag, the air volume of the compressed air pipe in the roadway can be quickly and flexibly adjusted between gas dilution and dust control, which fundamentally solves the contradiction between safety and environmental protection in resource allocation.

[0038] 4. High-efficiency continuous dehumidification: The system adopts a combination of condensation pre-dehumidification and adsorption deep dehumidification, combined with the alternating operation of dual drying chambers and online regeneration technology, which completely solves the problem of dust collector "bag clogging" caused by high humidity airflow and ensures the continuous and stable operation of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the system of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure and layout of the air volume distributor in this invention.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the arrangement of the L-shaped wind tower in this invention.

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial structure inside the L-shaped wind tower in this invention.

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure and arrangement of the driver's breathing mask in this invention.

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the respiratory intensity sensor in this invention.

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the diffusion dust control air curtain system in this invention.

[0046] Figure 8 This is a front view of the air curtain flow distribution subsystem in this invention.

[0047] Figure 9 This is a side view of the air curtain flow distribution subsystem in this invention.

[0048] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cooling ring in this invention.

[0049] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the semiconductor cooling chip in this invention.

[0050] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the adsorption dehumidification unit in this invention.

[0051] In the diagram: 1. Tunneling machine; 2. High-concentration dust isolation air curtain system; 21. Downhole high-pressure air pipe; 22. Bladder filter; 23. Air volume distributor; 231. Controller I; 232. Small axial flow fan I; 24. L-shaped air mast; 241. Toothed tube; 242. Universal ball; 243. Small axial flow fan II; 244. Rubber rod; 245. Stepper motor; 246. Controller II; 25. Driver's breathing mask; 251. Breathing intensity sensor; 252. Ultra-elastic silicone sheet; 253. Miniature magnet; 254. Hall element; 255. Breathing mask chamber; 26. Millimeter-wave radar sensor; 27. Dust concentration sensor I; 3. Diffused dust control air... 31. Air curtain system; 32. Tunnel compressed air pipe; 33. Air curtain flow distribution subsystem; 34. Integrated control collar; 35. Telescopic wind baffle; 36. Multi-stage electric telescopic rod; 37. Electric piston; 48. Bag; 59. Grid air outlet; 50. Mine dry dust collector; 61. Semiconductor refrigeration chip; 52. Condensate outlet; 53. Hydrophobic coating; 54. Refrigeration wire; 55. Refrigeration ring; 56. Electromagnetic vibrator; 57. Electrically controlled valve; 58. Drying box; 59. Electrically controlled door; 50. Strip grid; 51. Electric heater; 52. Humidity sensor; 6. Tunnel; 7. Conveyor belt; 8. Dust collector pipeline. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0053] This invention discloses a collaborative and efficient dust control system for complex types of tunneling work surfaces.

[0054] Reference Figure 1A complex type of tunneling face dust collaborative and efficient control system includes a tunneling machine 1, a high-concentration dust isolation air curtain system 2, a diffused dust control air curtain system 3, a mine dry dust collector 4, and a dust collector dehumidification system 5. The tunneling machine 1 is located at the front end of the roadway 6 to perform tunneling operations. A conveyor belt 7 is arranged behind the tunneling machine 1 in the tunneling direction to transport coal and rock materials generated during tunneling. The high-concentration dust isolation air curtain system 2 is installed above the driver's position on the tunneling machine 1 to focus on protecting the driver's operating area. The control air curtain system 3 is installed above the roadway 6 and behind the tunneling machine 1 to achieve coordinated control of dust and gas throughout the roadway 6. The dust collector dehumidification system 5 and the mine dry dust collector 4 are both arranged on the conveyor belt 7, and the dust collector dehumidification system 5 is connected to the end of the mine dry dust collector 4 closest to the tunneling machine 1. Its core function is to efficiently remove water vapor before the dust-laden airflow enters the mine dry dust collector 4, thereby preventing the filter bags from clumping and hardening due to high humidity and ensuring the long-term stable and efficient operation of the dust removal system.

[0055] Reference Figures 1 to 6 The high-concentration dust isolation air curtain system 2, as the core of the driver's exclusive protection, mainly consists of an underground high-pressure air pipe 21, a bag filter 22, an air volume distributor 23, an L-shaped air bar 24, a driver's breathing mask 25, a millimeter-wave radar sensor 26, and a dust concentration sensor I 27, forming a closed-loop protection chain with functions of air source purification, air volume distribution, directional air supply, breathing adaptation, and status perception.

[0056] Among them, the underground high-pressure gas pipe 21 is laid on the side of the roadway 6 to provide a stable high-pressure gas source for the system. Its output end is connected to the capsule filter 22. The capsule filter structure efficiently intercepts impurity particles in the gas source to ensure the cleanliness of the airflow delivered to the subsequent components and avoid secondary dust pollution.

[0057] Reference Figure 2 The air volume distributor 23 is installed at the end of the bag filter 22 away from the downhole high-pressure air pipe 21. The end of the air volume distributor 23 away from the bag filter 22 branches to form two output ends. The two output ends of the air volume distributor 23 are respectively connected to the L-shaped air boom 24 and the driver's breathing mask 25 through hoses to distribute the air volume supplied to the L-shaped air boom 24 and the driver's breathing mask 25. The two output ends of the air volume distributor 23 have built-in controller I231 and small axial flow fan I232. The small axial flow fan I232 at the two output ends respectively supplies air to the L-shaped air boom 24 and the driver's breathing mask 25. The controller I231 is electrically connected to the small axial flow fan I232.

[0058] Reference Figure 3The L-shaped air bar 24 is installed near the driver's operating position. It has a toothed tube 241 fixed inside. The toothed tube 241 is made of flexible air duct. Several universal balls 242 are arranged on the surface and flexibly sealed. The toothed tube 241 is connected to the inside of each universal ball 242 to ensure that the airflow can be smoothly delivered to each universal ball 242. Each universal ball 242 has a strip-shaped air outlet on its surface. The inside integrates a blowing unit composed of a small axial flow fan II 243 and a controller II 246. The small axial flow fan II 243 can independently adjust the air volume of the strip-shaped air outlet.

[0059] Reference Figure 4 The L-shaped fan rod 24 is equipped with a wind direction adjustment unit corresponding to each universal ball 242, which is used to adjust the air outlet direction of the universal ball 242. The wind direction adjustment unit includes two sets of stepper motors 245 installed perpendicularly to each universal ball 242 and at the same height. The output shaft of each stepper motor 245 is coaxially fixedly connected to a rubber rod 244. Both rubber rods 244 are in contact with the outer surface of the universal ball 242 and their axes are perpendicular. During operation, the friction generated by the rotation of the rubber rods 244 drives the universal ball 242 to perform up-and-down pitching or horizontal deflection. With the adaptability of the flexible toothed tube 241, the air outlet direction can be adjusted.

[0060] The millimeter-wave radar sensor 26 and the dust concentration sensor I 27 are fixed behind the driver's operating position and are both electrically connected to the controller I 231 of the air volume distributor 23 and the controller II 246 of the blowing unit. The millimeter-wave radar sensor 26 can scan and lock the driver's position and posture in real time, and the dust concentration sensor I 27 can detect the dust concentration around the driver simultaneously. Through data transmission, it provides a basis for air volume adjustment and air direction adjustment, ensuring that the protective air curtain always fits the driver's needs.

[0061] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 The driver's breathing mask 25 has a breathing mask chamber 255 on its side. A super-elastic silicone sheet 252 is installed on the side of the breathing mask chamber 255 closest to the driver's face. A micro magnet 253 is fixed on the super-elastic silicone sheet 252. A Hall element 254 is installed on the side of the breathing mask chamber 255 furthest from the face. The Hall element 254 is electrically connected to a breathing intensity sensor 251. When the driver's breathing intensity changes, the gas pressure in the chamber changes accordingly, causing the super-elastic silicone sheet 252 to deform. This causes the micro magnet 253 to shift position. The Hall element 254 converts this position change signal into an electrical signal and transmits it to the breathing intensity sensor 251, achieving non-contact and accurate sensing of the breathing status.

[0062] In addition, the underground high-pressure air pipe 21, bag filter 22, air volume distributor 23, L-shaped air bar 24 and driver's breathing mask 25 are all connected by hoses. The length of the hoses is adapted to the tunneling stroke of the tunneling machine 1 to ensure that the protective airflow is continuously supplied during the movement of the tunneling machine 1 and to ensure the safety of the driver without interruption.

[0063] The diffused dust control air curtain system 3 focuses on the regulation of the entire environment of the roadway 6. It coordinates dust control and gas dilution through intelligent air volume distribution and is mainly composed of roadway compressed air pipe 31 and air curtain flow distribution subsystem 32.

[0064] The compressed air pipe 31 is located at the top of the roadway 6, with a gas dilution outlet at the end and a grid air outlet 33 on the side of the pipe wall, forming a dual-function airflow output structure of end dilution and side dust control, which can simultaneously cover the needs of gas treatment and dust control.

[0065] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 8 The air curtain flow distribution subsystem 32 includes an integrated control collar 321, a retractable wind deflector 322, a multi-stage electric telescopic rod 323, an electric piston 324, a bag 325, a gas sensor, and a dust concentration sensor II. The integrated control collar 321 is fitted onto the outside of the roadway compressed air pipe 31 and located on one side of the grid outlet 33. The retractable wind deflector 322 is located on the outside of the grid outlet 33, and its two sides are respectively connected to the telescopic ends of the multi-stage electric telescopic rod 323. The fixed end of the multi-stage electric telescopic rod 323 is installed on the integrated control collar 321. The electric piston 324 is installed below the integrated control collar 321. The bag 325 is located inside the roadway compressed air pipe 31, and one end of its bag is sealed to the telescopic end of the electric piston 324, forming a dual airflow control structure of external shielding and internal volume adjustment.

[0066] To adapt to complex underground working conditions, the retractable windbreak 322 adopts a double-layer composite structure. The base layer is polyurethane-coated fiberglass cloth, which has both high tensile strength and flexural strength. The surface layer is a flame-retardant and antistatic PVC coating, which meets underground safety standards and effectively prevents static electricity accumulation. The bag 325 is made of aramid fabric reinforced with neoprene rubber. The aramid fiber provides extremely high tensile and burst strength, while the neoprene rubber base provides excellent airtightness, flexibility, and aging resistance, and can withstand the airflow pressure in the pipeline and the repeated stretching and compression of the electric piston 324. The bag 325 is in a retracted state in its natural state, ensuring the basic air volume delivery of the roadway compressed air pipe 31.

[0067] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 9The gas sensor is installed on the tunneling machine 1 in front of the driver's position, and the dust concentration sensor II is installed behind the tunneling machine 1. Both the gas sensor and the dust concentration sensor II are electrically connected to the built-in controller of the integrated control collar 321. The controller of the integrated control collar 321 is electrically connected to the multi-stage electric telescopic rod 323 and the electric piston 324. The integrated control collar 321 receives signals from the gas sensor located in front of the tunnel 6 and the dust concentration sensor II located behind the tunneling machine 1, and controls the multi-stage telescopic rod motor and the electric piston 324 to change the coverage area of ​​the retractable wind deflector 322 and the volume of the bag 325, so as to realize the distribution of the compressed air volume between gas dilution and dust control. When the gas concentration exceeds the limit, prioritize increasing the coverage area of ​​the baffle plate, reducing the volume of the bag 325, and reducing the air volume of the grid outlet 33 to ensure sufficient gas dilution air volume at the end; when the dust concentration exceeds the limit and the gas is normal, reduce the coverage area of ​​the baffle plate, increase the volume of the bag 325, and increase the dust control air volume of the grid outlet 33 to achieve the environmental control target of safety first and dynamic adaptation.

[0068] Reference Figures 10 to 12 The dust collector dehumidification system 5 adopts a graded treatment scheme of condensation pre-dehumidification and adsorption deep dehumidification to deal with the problem of high humidity and dust-laden airflow at the tunneling face. It includes a condensation dehumidification unit and an adsorption dehumidification unit.

[0069] The condensation and dehumidification unit includes several semiconductor cooling chips 51, a cooling ring 52, and an electromagnetic vibrator 53. The inlet of the mining dry dust collector 4 is connected to a dust collector pipe 8. The cooling ring 52 is fixed inside the front end of the dust collector pipe 8. Several semiconductor cooling chips 51 are arrayed on the cooling ring 52 to form a ring-shaped cooling area that can fully cover the airflow inside the pipe. The inner side of the semiconductor cooling chips 51 is coated with a hydrophobic coating 512 in an alternating pattern, and several cooling wires 513 are installed. The cooling wires 513 extend into the dust collector pipe 8, which can enhance the contact area with the airflow and improve the condensation efficiency.

[0070] The upper half of the semiconductor cooling chip 51 has a condensate outlet 511, with the outlet of the condensate outlet 511 facing the hot surface of the semiconductor cooling chip 51. During operation, the semiconductor cooling chip 51 and the cooling wire 513 cool synchronously, causing water vapor in the airflow to condense into water droplets quickly. Under the action of the surface tension of the hydrophobic coating 512, the water droplets flow quickly along the coating to the condensate outlet 511 and then flow to the hot surface of the semiconductor cooling chip 51 to evaporate naturally, achieving efficient separation of water vapor.

[0071] The electromagnetic vibrator 53 is installed on the outer wall of the cooling ring 52 to periodically drive the cooling ring 52 to vibrate, shake off the dust attached to the cooling ring 52 and the cooling wire 513, avoid dust accumulation affecting the cooling efficiency, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the condensation dehumidification unit.

[0072] The adsorption dehumidification unit includes two drying chambers 55, which are connected in parallel to the rear end of the dust collector duct 8. Each drying chamber 55 has an electrically controlled valve 54 installed on its inlet pipe and a humidity sensor 56 installed at its outlet. Each drying chamber 55 is filled with desiccant, has an electric heater 553 installed at the bottom, and a strip grille 552 on the top. An electrically controlled door 551 is installed above the strip grille 552 to control its opening and closing. The desiccant used is activated alumina, which has a large adsorption capacity, high mechanical strength, and good thermal stability. Its regeneration temperature is 150-300°C, making it suitable for electric heating regeneration. The cobalt chloride indicator mixed inside visually displays the desiccant saturation; it is blue during drying and turns pink after absorbing water, providing a clear saturation indication for on-site maintenance personnel.

[0073] Humidity sensor 56 is electrically connected to electrically controlled valve 54, electric heater 553, and electrically controlled door 551. When the humidity at the outlet of a drying chamber 55 reaches the set threshold, the electrically controlled valve 54 of that branch is closed, and the electrically controlled valve 54 of another branch is opened. At the same time, the electric heater 553 and electrically controlled door 551 of the saturated drying chamber 55 are started. The desiccant adsorbs moisture and desorbs it into water vapor through heating. The water vapor is discharged through the strip grid 552 and electrically controlled door 551, realizing online regeneration of the desiccant and ensuring uninterrupted dehumidification process.

[0074] This invention also discloses a dust control method applied to the aforementioned complex type of tunneling face collaborative and efficient dust control system, comprising the following steps:

[0075] S1. Dynamic Air Curtain Initialization: After the system starts, the millimeter-wave radar sensor 26 scans and locks the driver's position and posture in real time, and the dust concentration sensor I 27 detects the dust concentration around the driver. Both transmit the data to the controller I 231 and the controller II 246. The controller II 246 drives the stepper motor 245 to rotate, which drives the universal ball 242 to deflect to the required direction through the rubber rod 244. At the same time, the controller I 231 adjusts the speed of the small axial flow fan I 232, and the controller II 246 adjusts the speed of the small axial flow fan II 243 to form an enveloping initial protective air curtain, blocking high-concentration dust from approaching the driver's operating area from the source.

[0076] S2. Adaptive Breathing Adjustment: During operation, the driver's breathing action causes changes in air pressure within the breathing mask chamber 255, driving the deformation of the ultra-elastic silicone sheet 252 and displacing the micro magnet 253. The Hall element 254 senses the change in magnetic field and converts it into an electrical signal, which is transmitted to the breathing intensity sensor 251. The breathing intensity sensor 251 feeds back the breathing intensity data to the controller I 231. The controller I 231 dynamically adjusts the speed of the corresponding small axial flow fan I 232 to match the breathing demand with the air supply, thus avoiding suffocation caused by insufficient air supply and eliminating energy waste caused by excessive air supply, thereby improving work comfort and energy efficiency.

[0077] S3. Safety-first environmental monitoring: The gas sensor monitors the gas concentration at the tunnel face in real time, and the dust concentration sensor II monitors the dust concentration behind the tunneling machine 1 in real time. The data is synchronously transmitted to the controller of the integrated control collar 321.

[0078] When the gas concentration exceeds the set threshold, the controller of the integrated control collar 321 immediately commands the multi-stage electric telescopic rod 323 to extend, driving the telescopic wind baffle 322 to increase the coverage area of ​​the grid air outlet 33. At the same time, it commands the electric piston 324 to retract, reducing the volume of the bag 325 and reducing the air volume of the grid air outlet 33. Priority is given to ensuring the gas dilution air volume at the end of the roadway compressed air pipe 31, and the gas concentration is quickly reduced to a safe range.

[0079] When the dust concentration exceeds the set threshold and the gas concentration is normal, the controller commands the multi-stage electric telescopic rod 323 to retract, reducing the coverage area of ​​the telescopic wind deflector 322. At the same time, it commands the electric piston 324 to extend, increasing the volume of the bag 325, reducing the airflow resistance of the grid outlet 33, increasing the dust control air volume, forming an efficient air curtain to intercept and diffuse dust, and improving the air quality of the roadway 6.

[0080] S4. Staged dehumidification of dust-laden airflow: High-humidity dust-laden airflow enters the front-end cooling ring 52 area through the dust collector pipe 8. The semiconductor cooling chip 51 and cooling wire 513 cool the airflow, causing water vapor in the airflow to condense into water droplets. The water droplets flow to the condensate outlet 511 under the guidance of the hydrophobic coating 512, and then flow to the hot surface of the semiconductor cooling chip 51 to evaporate. The electromagnetic vibrator 53 is started periodically to shake off the dust attached to the cooling ring 52 and cooling wire 513, so as to avoid dust accumulation affecting the cooling and dehumidification efficiency.

[0081] After preliminary dehumidification, the airflow enters the corresponding drying chamber 55 through one of the electrically controlled valves 54, where it undergoes further dehumidification by the desiccant. The humidity sensor 56 monitors the humidity at the outlet of the drying chamber 55 in real time. When the humidity reaches the set threshold, the electrically controlled valve 54 of that branch is closed, and the electrically controlled valve 54 of the other branch is opened. At the same time, the electric heater 553 and the electrically controlled door 551 of the saturated drying chamber 55 are activated to heat and regenerate the desiccant, thereby achieving continuous operation of the dehumidification process. This provides dry, dust-laden airflow for the subsequent mining dry dust collector 4, preventing filter bags from clogging and ensuring the stable and efficient operation of the dust collection system.

[0082] Based on the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention, and through the foregoing description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the inventive concept. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A collaborative and efficient dust control system for complex types of tunneling working faces, characterized in that: It includes a tunneling machine (1), a high-concentration dust isolation air curtain system (2), a diffusion dust control air curtain system (3), a mine dry dust collector (4), a dust collector dehumidification system (5), and a conveyor belt (7); The tunneling machine (1) is located inside the roadway (6), the conveyor belt (7) is located behind the tunneling machine (1) in the tunneling direction, the high-concentration dust isolation air curtain system (2) is installed on the upper part of the tunneling machine (1) corresponding to the driver's position; the diffusion dust control air curtain system (3) is installed above the roadway (6) and behind the tunneling machine (1); the dust collector dehumidification system (5) and the mine dry dust collector (4) are located on the conveyor belt (7), and the dust collector dehumidification system (5) is connected to the end of the mine dry dust collector (4) near the tunneling machine (1) to remove water vapor in the dust-laden airflow before the dust-laden airflow enters the mine dry dust collector (4); The high-concentration dust isolation air curtain system (2) includes a downhole high-pressure air pipe (21), a bag filter (22), an air volume distributor (23), an L-shaped air bar (24), a driver's breathing mask (25), a millimeter-wave radar sensor (26), and a dust concentration sensor I (27); The capsule filter (22) is connected to the underground high-pressure air pipe (21) located on the side of the roadway (6); the air volume distributor (23) is installed at the end of the capsule filter (22) away from the underground high-pressure air pipe (21), and the two output ends of the air volume distributor (23) are respectively connected to the L-shaped air rod (24) and the driver's breathing mask (25) through hoses, and can distribute the air volume supplied to the L-shaped air rod (24) and the driver's breathing mask (25); The L-shaped wind rod (24) is installed in the driver's operating position area. A toothed tube (241) is fixed inside the L-shaped wind rod (24). Several universal balls (242) are arranged on the surface of the toothed tube (241), and the toothed tube (241) is connected to the inside of each universal ball (242). Each universal ball (242) has a strip-shaped air outlet on its surface and an integrated air blowing unit inside. The L-shaped wind rod (24) is equipped with an air direction adjustment unit corresponding to each universal ball (242) for adjusting the air outlet direction of the universal ball (242). The millimeter-wave radar sensor (26) and dust concentration sensor I (27) are fixed behind the driver's operating position and are electrically connected to the controller I (231) of the air volume distributor (23) and the controller II (246) of the blowing unit. The diffused dust control air curtain system (3) includes a roadway compressed air pipe (31) and an air curtain flow distribution subsystem (32); the end of the roadway compressed air pipe (31) is a gas dilution outlet, and a grid air outlet (33) for controlling diffused dust is opened on the side of the pipe wall; the air curtain flow distribution subsystem (32) includes an integrated control collar (321), a retractable wind baffle (322), a multi-stage electric telescopic rod (323), an electric piston (324), a bag (325), a gas sensor and a dust concentration sensor II; The integrated control collar (321) is fitted on the outside of the roadway compressed air pipe (31) and located on one side of the grid air outlet (33). The retractable wind baffle (322) is set on the outside of the grid air outlet (33), and its two sides are respectively connected to the telescopic ends of the multi-stage electric telescopic rod (323). The fixed end of the multi-stage electric telescopic rod (323) is installed on the integrated control collar (321). The electric piston (324) is installed below the integrated control collar (321). The bag (325) is located inside the roadway compressed air pipe (31), and one end of it is sealed to the telescopic end of the electric piston (324). The gas sensor is installed on the tunneling machine (1) and located in front of the driver's position. The dust concentration sensor II is installed behind the tunneling machine (1). Both the gas sensor and the dust concentration sensor II are electrically connected to the built-in controller of the integrated control collar (321). The controller of the integrated control collar (321) is electrically connected to the multi-stage electric telescopic rod (323) and the electric piston (324). The integrated control collar (321) receives signals from the gas sensor located in front of the tunnel (6) and the dust concentration sensor II located behind the tunneling machine (1), and controls the multi-stage telescopic rod motor and the electric piston (324) to change the coverage area of ​​the retractable wind deflector (322) and the volume of the bag (325) to realize the distribution of the air volume of the tunnel compressed air pipe (31) between gas dilution and dust control.

2. The dust control system for complex-type tunneling working faces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust collector dehumidification system (5) includes a condensation dehumidification unit, which includes several semiconductor cooling chips (51), a cooling ring (52) and an electromagnetic vibrator (53). The inlet of the mine dry dust collector (4) is connected to a dust collector pipe (8). The cooling ring (52) is fixed inside the front end of the dust collector pipe (8); an array of several semiconductor cooling chips (51) is installed on the cooling ring (52), the inner side of the semiconductor cooling chips (51) is coated with a hydrophobic coating (512) in an alternating manner, and several cooling wires (513) are installed; the cooling wires (513) extend into the dust collector pipe (8); the upper half of the semiconductor cooling chip (51) is provided with a condensate outlet (511), and the outlet of the condensate outlet (511) faces the hot side of the semiconductor cooling chip (51); the electromagnetic vibrator (53) is installed on the outer wall of the cooling ring (52) to drive the cooling ring (52) to vibrate.

3. The dust control system for complex-type tunneling working faces according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dust collector dehumidification system (5) further includes an adsorption dehumidification unit, which includes two drying boxes (55). The two drying boxes (55) are connected in parallel to the rear end of the dust collector pipe (8). Each drying box (55) has an electrically controlled valve (54) installed in its air inlet pipe and a humidity sensor (56) installed at its outlet. Each drying box (55) is filled with desiccant, has an electric heater (553) installed at the bottom, and a strip grille (552) installed at the top. An electrically controlled door (551) is installed above the strip grille (552) to control the opening and closing of the strip grille (552). The humidity sensor (56) is electrically connected to the electrically controlled valve (54), the electric heater (553), and the electrically controlled door (551).

4. The dust control system for complex-type tunneling working faces according to claim 3, characterized in that: The driver's breathing mask (25) has a breathing mask chamber (255) on its side. A super-elastic silicone sheet (252) is installed on the side of the breathing mask chamber (255) closer to the driver's face. A micro magnet (253) is fixed on the super-elastic silicone sheet (252). A Hall element (254) is installed on the side of the breathing mask chamber (255) away from the driver's face. The Hall element (254) is electrically connected to a breathing intensity sensor (251). When the driver's breathing intensity changes, the gas pressure inside the breathing mask changes, causing the super-elastic silicone sheet (252) to deform, which changes the position of the micro magnet (253). Then, the Hall element (254) sends the position change signal to the breathing intensity sensor (251).

5. The dust control system for complex-type tunneling working faces according to claim 4, characterized in that: The two output ends of the air volume distributor (23) are equipped with a controller I (231) and a small axial flow fan I (232). The small axial flow fan I (232) at the two output ends of the air volume distributor (23) is respectively used to supply air to the L-shaped wind bar (24) and the driver's breathing mask (25). The controller I (231) is electrically connected to the small axial flow fan I (232).

6. The dust control system for complex-type tunneling working faces according to claim 5, characterized in that: The airflow adjustment unit includes two stepper motors (245) installed perpendicularly to each other at the same height. Each stepper motor (245) has a rubber rod (244) fixedly connected to its output shaft. Both rubber rods (244) are in contact with the outer surface of the universal ball (242) and the axis of the rubber rods (244) is perpendicular to the axis of the universal ball (242). When the rubber rods (244) rotate, they drive the universal ball (242) to pitch up and down or deflect horizontally through friction. The toothed tube (241) is made of flexible air duct to adapt to the rotation of the universal ball (242) and to ensure that the airflow is smoothly delivered to each air outlet.

7. The dust control system for complex-type tunneling working faces according to claim 6, characterized in that: The blowing unit includes a small axial flow fan II (243) and a controller II (246). The small axial flow fan II (243) controls the air volume of the strip-shaped air outlet of the universal ball (242). The controller II (246) is electrically connected to the stepper motor (245) and the small axial flow fan II (243).

8. The dust control system for complex-type tunneling working faces according to claim 7, characterized in that: The airflow in the high-concentration dust isolation air curtain system (2) originates from the underground high-pressure air pipe (21). The underground high-pressure air pipe (21), the bag filter (22), the air volume distributor (23), the L-shaped air bar (24), and the driver's breathing mask (25) are all connected by hoses, which can continuously provide airflow as the tunneling machine (1) moves.

9. A collaborative and efficient dust control system for complex-type tunneling working faces according to claim 8, characterized in that: The retractable windbreak (322) adopts a double-layer composite structure, with the base layer being polyurethane-coated fiberglass cloth and the surface layer being a flame-retardant and antistatic PVC coating; the bag (325) is made of aramid fabric reinforced with neoprene rubber, and the bag (325) is in a contracted state under natural conditions to ensure the basic air volume delivery of the roadway compressed air pipe (31); the desiccant is an active alumina desiccant, and cobalt chloride indicator is mixed inside.

10. A method for controlling dust in a complex type of tunneling face as described in claim 9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Dynamic air curtain initialization: After the system is started, the millimeter-wave radar sensor (26) scans and locks the driver's position and posture in real time, and the dust concentration sensor I (27) detects the dust concentration around the driver. The two transmit the data to the controller I (231) and the controller II (246). The controller II (246) drives the stepper motor (245) to rotate, and drives the universal ball (242) to deflect to the required angle through the rubber rod (244). At the same time, the controller I (231) adjusts the speed of the small axial flow fan I (232), and the controller II (246) adjusts the speed of the small axial flow fan II (243) to form a wrap-around initial protective air curtain. S2. Adaptive Breathing Adjustment: During the driver's operation, the breathing action causes changes in the air pressure inside the breathing mask chamber (255), which drives the deformation of the super-elastic silicone sheet (252) and causes the displacement of the micro magnet (253); the Hall element (254) senses the change in magnetic field and converts it into an electrical signal, which is transmitted to the breathing intensity sensor (251); the breathing intensity sensor (251) feeds back the breathing intensity data to the controller I (231), and the controller I (231) dynamically adjusts the speed of the corresponding small axial flow fan I (232) to achieve matching between breathing demand and air supply. S3, Safety-first environmental monitoring: The gas sensor monitors the gas concentration at the tunnel face in real time, and the dust concentration sensor II monitors the dust concentration behind the tunneling machine (1) in real time. The data is synchronously transmitted to the controller of the integrated control collar (321). When the gas concentration exceeds the set threshold, the controller of the integrated control collar (321) immediately commands the multi-stage electric telescopic rod (323) to extend, driving the telescopic baffle (322) to increase the coverage area of ​​the grid air outlet (33), and at the same time commands the electric piston (324) to contract, reduce the volume of the bag (325), reduce the air volume of the grid air outlet (33), and prioritize the gas dilution air volume at the end of the roadway compressed air pipe (31); When the dust concentration exceeds the set threshold and the gas concentration is normal, the controller commands the multi-stage electric telescopic rod (323) to retract, reducing the coverage area of ​​the telescopic baffle (322), and at the same time commands the electric piston (324) to extend, increasing the volume of the bag (325) and increasing the dust control air volume of the grid outlet (33). S4. Dust-laden airflow staged dehumidification: The high-humidity dust-laden airflow enters the front-end cooling ring (52) area through the dust collector pipe (8). The semiconductor cooling chip (51) and cooling wire (513) cool the airflow, causing the water vapor in the airflow to condense into water droplets. The water droplets flow to the condensate outlet (511) under the guidance of the hydrophobic coating (512) and then flow to the hot surface of the semiconductor cooling chip (51) to evaporate. The electromagnetic vibrator (53) is started periodically to shake off the dust attached to the cooling ring (52) and cooling wire (513); the airflow after preliminary dehumidification enters the corresponding drying chamber (55) through one of the electrically controlled valves (54) and is deeply dehumidified by the desiccant; the humidity sensor (56) monitors the humidity at the outlet of the drying chamber (55) in real time. When the humidity reaches the set threshold, the opened electrically controlled valve (54) is closed, and then the other branch electrically controlled valve (54) is opened. At the same time, the electric heater (553) and the electrically controlled door (551) of the saturated drying chamber (55) are started to heat and regenerate the desiccant, so as to realize the continuous operation of the dehumidification process.

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