Method for estimating antenna array synthesis directional diagram based on multi-unit antenna measured directional diagram and application

Abstract

This application relates to a method and application for estimating the composite radiation pattern of an antenna array based on the measured radiation patterns of multi-element antennas. The method includes the following steps: Under a standard testing environment, the measured azimuth and elevation radiation patterns and gain data of each antenna element are measured. A coordinate system is established to determine the array spatial parameters, and the antennas are grouped in pairs. Based on the principle of directional multiplication, a calculation formula is established by combining data and parameters, and the composite radiation pattern of the two antennas is simulated. This is then used as an equivalent unit for iterative grouping calculations, progressively calculating to finally complete the estimation of the overall composite radiation pattern of the multi-element antenna array. This method avoids the shortcomings of traditional theoretical multi-element antenna array modeling, such as complexity, large computational load, and poor adaptability, filling a gap in existing technology. It effectively improves estimation efficiency and accuracy, meets the needs of rapid and accurate performance analysis of multi-antenna systems in engineering, and provides reliable support for antenna array design optimization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the fields of communication and electronic countermeasures technology, and in particular to a method and application for estimating the antenna array synthesis pattern based on the measured radiation pattern of a multi-element antenna. Background Technology

[0002] In wireless communication and electronic countermeasures systems, the radiation pattern characteristics of an antenna directly affect system performance, such as signal coverage, gain, and beamwidth. Traditional methods typically rely on theoretical models or simulation software to predict the performance of multi-antenna systems, but these methods suffer from problems such as complex modeling, high computational cost, and poor adaptability to real-world environments.

[0003] While some existing technologies use measured data for pattern fitting, there is a lack of algorithms capable of quickly and accurately estimating the overall pattern of an array antenna synthesis based on measured azimuth and elevation patterns of multiple known antennas. Therefore, a simple, efficient, and practical method for estimating the synthesized pattern of an antenna array is needed to improve system design efficiency and engineering implementation accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application proposes a method for estimating the composite radiation pattern of an antenna array based on the measured radiation pattern of a multi-element antenna, comprising the following steps:

[0005] In a standard testing environment, antenna testing equipment is used to test the azimuth or elevation radiation pattern of each antenna element, and the antenna gain value or power distribution data at each angle are recorded to obtain the measured radiation pattern data of each antenna element.

[0006] Establish a three-dimensional rectangular or polar coordinate system, determine the reference position and relative spatial parameters of the multi-element antenna, divide the multi-element antenna into a sequence of two antennas per group, and obtain the antenna grouping sequence and the corresponding spatial parameters;

[0007] Based on the principle of antenna directivity multiplication, combined with measured radiation pattern data and spatial parameters, the calculation logic for the composite radiation pattern of each pair of dual antennas in the azimuth or elevation plane is constructed, an estimation formula is created, and the measured radiation pattern data and spatial parameters are substituted into the estimation formula. The composite radiation pattern of each pair of dual antennas in the azimuth or elevation plane is obtained through simulation estimation.

[0008] The combined radiation pattern of each dual-antenna array is used as the quasi-element antenna radiation pattern. The operation of determining the reference position, relative spatial parameters and grouping sequence, constructing the calculation logic, and substituting data to simulate and estimate the combined radiation pattern are repeated until the multi-element antenna array radiation pattern is estimated and the multi-element antenna array combined radiation pattern is obtained.

[0009] In one possible implementation, in a standard testing environment, the azimuth or elevation radiation pattern of each antenna element is tested using antenna testing equipment, and the antenna gain value or power distribution data at each angle is recorded to obtain the measured radiation pattern data of each antenna element. This includes the following steps:

[0010] Establish a standard test environment that meets the test conditions of no electromagnetic interference and stable signal transmission.

[0011] Antenna testing equipment was used to perform azimuth diagram tests or elevation plane radiation diagram tests on each antenna element, and data was collected at preset angle intervals during the test.

[0012] Record the gain value or power distribution data of the antenna element at each test angle, verify the validity of the recorded data, and remove abnormal data to obtain the measured radiation pattern data of each antenna element.

[0013] In one possible implementation, a three-dimensional rectangular or polar coordinate system is established, the reference position and relative spatial parameters of the multi-element antenna are determined, and the multi-element antenna is divided into a sequence of pairs of antennas to obtain the antenna grouping sequence and the corresponding spatial parameters, including the following steps:

[0014] Based on the actual application scenario of multi-element antennas, choose to establish a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system or a polar coordinate system;

[0015] In the established coordinate system, determine the reference position of the multi-element antenna, with the geometric center of one of the antenna elements as the origin of the coordinate system, and mark it as the reference point;

[0016] Measure and record the spatial coordinate parameters of each antenna element relative to the reference point, including the distances in the x, y, and z directions. Then, divide the multi-element antenna into a sequence of two antennas per group according to the principle of adjacent priority and uniform distribution. Organize the antenna grouping sequence and the spatial parameters corresponding to each group of antennas.

[0017] In one possible implementation, based on the principle of antenna directivity multiplication, and combining measured radiation pattern data with spatial parameters, a calculation logic for the composite radiation pattern of each pair of dual antennas in the azimuth or elevation plane is constructed. An estimation formula is created, and the measured radiation pattern data and spatial parameters are substituted into the estimation formula. The composite radiation pattern of each pair of dual antennas in the azimuth or elevation plane is obtained through simulation estimation, including the following steps:

[0018] Based on the principle of antenna directivity multiplication, and combined with the directional amplitude parameters of the antenna elements in the obtained measured radiation pattern data, as well as the antenna spacing and relative angle parameters in the determined spatial parameters, the array factor calculation logic for each pair of antennas is constructed.

[0019] Based on the array factor calculation logic, an estimation formula for the azimuth or elevation plane composite radiation pattern data and spatial parameters of each pair of dual antennas is created.

[0020] Substitute the measured radiation pattern data and spatial parameters corresponding to each pair of dual antennas into the estimation formula, and use a computer program to call the numerical calculation module to perform simulation estimation, outputting the composite radiation pattern data of the azimuth or elevation plane of each pair of dual antennas.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the combined radiation pattern of each dual-antenna group is used as a quasi-element antenna radiation pattern. The operations of determining the reference position, relative spatial parameters, and grouping sequence, constructing the calculation logic, and substituting data to simulate and estimate the combined radiation pattern are repeated until the multi-element antenna array radiation pattern is estimated. The process of obtaining the multi-element antenna array combined radiation pattern includes the following steps:

[0022] The obtained dual-antenna composite radiation pattern data are standardized to unify the data format and parameter dimensions, so that they meet the data requirements of quasi-element antenna radiation patterns.

[0023] Using the standardized quasi-element antenna pattern as the new element data, the process of confirming the reference position and relative spatial parameters of the quasi-element and regrouping is repeated.

[0024] The grouping sequence is re-executed, the synthetic radiation pattern calculation logic of the new group is constructed and simulated for estimation, and the loop is repeated until all antenna elements are covered to obtain the synthetic radiation pattern of the multi-element antenna array.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the antenna test equipment includes a vector network analyzer and an antenna measurement system. During testing, the antenna element is fixed on a rotatable test frame, and radiation pattern data at different angles is acquired by rotating the test frame.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the accuracy of recording the gain value of the antenna element at each test angle is not less than 0.1dB;

[0027] The power distribution data of the antenna elements at each test angle are recorded using linear power units or logarithmic power units, and the data recording format of each antenna element is standardized.

[0028] In one possible implementation, when determining the relative spatial parameters of the multi-element antenna, a laser rangefinder is used to measure the distance with an accuracy of not less than 0.1 mm. The same spatial parameter is measured three times, and the average value is taken as the final spatial parameter value.

[0029] In one possible implementation, when dividing a multi-element antenna into a sequence of pairs of antennas, if the number of multi-element antennas is odd, the last remaining antenna element is merged with the group of antennas whose signal characteristics are closest to those in the previous grouping, and then readjusted into a sequence of pairs of antennas.

[0030] In one possible implementation, when constructing the array factor calculation logic for each pair of dual antennas, an estimation formula is used to implement numerical simulation calculation, and electromagnetic parameters consistent with the actual test environment are set during the simulation process.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0032] By replacing traditional theoretical modeling with measured data, constructing computational logic (estimation formula) by combining spatial parameters with the principle of directivity multiplication, and using the estimation formula created by this method, the technical solutions of this application can efficiently and accurately estimate the combined radiation pattern of dual antennas, providing reliable technical support for the performance analysis and design optimization of multi-antenna systems.

[0033] Other features and aspects of this application will become clear from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The accompanying drawings, which are included in and form part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of this application together with the specification and serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0035] Figure 1 This document illustrates a flowchart of a method for estimating the antenna array synthesis pattern based on the measured radiation pattern of a multi-element antenna, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the principle of the "dual-antenna" synthesized radiation pattern estimation method according to an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 3 The measured horizontal and vertical radiation patterns of the two antennas according to an embodiment of this application are shown.

[0038] Figure 4 This application illustrates the calculated horizontal radiation pattern of two antennas according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 5 This application illustrates a calculated elevation pattern for two antennas according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Figure 6 This diagram illustrates the layout of a "dual antenna" according to an embodiment of this application on an aircraft.

[0041] Figure 7 This application illustrates a combined radiation pattern of "dual antennas" according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] Figure 8 This diagram illustrates the connection configuration for a "dual-antenna" horizontal plane composite pattern test according to an embodiment of this application.

[0043] Figure 9This paper shows the measured results of the composite azimuth pattern of the "dual antennas" according to an embodiment of this application.

[0044] Figure 10 This document shows the estimation results of the composite azimuth pattern of the "dual antennas" according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0045] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote elements that have the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, they are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0046] It should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application or to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0047] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means multiple or more unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0048] The term “exemplary” as used herein means “serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration.” Any embodiment illustrated herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments.

[0049] Furthermore, to better illustrate this application, numerous specific details are provided in the following detailed embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that this application can be implemented without certain specific details. In some instances, methods, means, components, and circuits well-known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail in order to highlight the main points of this application.

[0050] This application presents a method and application for estimating the composite radiation pattern of an antenna array based on measured radiation patterns of multi-element antennas. This method is based on measured data, uses the principle of directional multiplication as its core, and relies on the estimation formula and efficient and accurate multi-antenna performance analysis technology created by this method. It is applied in the fields of communication and electronic countermeasures technology, and plays a role in quickly obtaining the composite radiation pattern characteristics of "dual-antenna" systems, avoiding the complex and inefficient problems of traditional theoretical modeling, and providing reliable data support for the design optimization, performance verification and deployment debugging of multi-antenna systems.

[0051] Specific references Figures 1-10 As a specific embodiment of the method and application for estimating the composite antenna pattern based on the measured radiation pattern of a multi-element antenna in this application, the method for estimating the composite antenna pattern based on the measured radiation pattern of a multi-element antenna includes the following steps:

[0052] 100. In a standard testing environment, use antenna testing equipment to test the azimuth or elevation radiation pattern of each antenna element, record the antenna gain value or power distribution data at each angle, and obtain the measured radiation pattern data of each antenna element.

[0053] Specifically, obtaining measured radiation pattern data from dual antennas is fundamental to the entire estimation method. A standard testing environment eliminates the influence of external factors such as electromagnetic interference and temperature / humidity fluctuations on the measurement results, ensuring data authenticity. RF testing equipment possesses high-precision signal detection capabilities, accurately capturing the antenna's performance at different angles. Measuring the azimuth and elevation radiation patterns comprehensively covers the antenna's radiation characteristics in three-dimensional space. The recorded gain values ​​or power distribution data yield measured radiation pattern data for each antenna element, directly reflecting the signal strength in each direction. This provides accurate and reliable raw data support for subsequent synthetic radiation pattern calculations, avoiding the problem of disconnect between traditional theoretical modeling and actual antenna performance.

[0054] Specifically, in a standard test environment, the azimuth (horizontal) and elevation (vertical) radiation patterns of multiple antennas are measured respectively.

[0055] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the measurement results include gain values ​​or power distributions at different angles.

[0056] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the radiation pattern exhibits complex radiation characteristics with multiple lobes. These lobes reflect the antenna gain at different angles. The shape, number, and distribution of the lobes help us understand the radiation performance of the "dual-antenna" system in the horizontal and elevation directions, such as the signal coverage and strength distribution. This is of great significance for evaluating the radiation effect after "dual-antenna" synthesis and optimizing antenna system design.

[0057] 200. Establish a three-dimensional rectangular or polar coordinate system, determine the reference position and relative spatial parameters of the multi-element antenna, divide the multi-element antenna into a sequence of two antennas per group, and obtain the antenna grouping sequence and the corresponding spatial parameters.

[0058] Specifically, clearly defining the spatial relationship between the two antennas is a crucial prerequisite for calculating the composite radiation pattern. A three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system provides a unified and precise positioning reference for the antenna positions. By setting the reference position, the abstract spatial layout can be transformed into specific coordinate parameters. Defining the relative spatial parameters accurately describes the installation status of multiple antennas in a practical application scenario. The spatial position of the antennas directly affects their signal superposition and interference effects. Only by determining these parameters can the signal interactions between multiple antennas be accurately calculated based on the laws of electromagnetic wave propagation, providing a crucial spatial dimension for the logical construction of the composite radiation pattern.

[0059] Specifically, a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is established, and the positions of multiple antennas are set (for example, antenna A is located at the origin, and antenna B is located at a certain position at a distance d).

[0060] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, the relative positional relationship between the two is determined: the front-to-back distance is 4.5 meters, and the vertical distance is 1.8 meters.

[0061] 300. Based on the principle of antenna directivity multiplication, and combined with measured radiation pattern data and spatial parameters, construct the calculation logic for the composite radiation pattern of the azimuth or elevation plane of each group of dual antennas, create an estimation formula, substitute the measured radiation pattern data and spatial parameters into the estimation formula, and obtain the composite radiation pattern of the azimuth or elevation plane of each group of "dual antennas" through simulation estimation.

[0062] Specifically, the computational logic (estimation formula) for constructing the synthetic radiation pattern is the core bridge connecting the measured data and the final result. The principle of antenna directivity multiplication is the classic theoretical basis for signal synthesis in multi-antenna systems. Its essence is to describe the overall radiation law of a dual-antenna system by superimposing the directivity characteristics of multiple antennas and combining the signal phase difference caused by spatial position. This step correlates the measured radiation pattern data obtained in the first two steps with the spatial position parameters, transforming the abstract theoretical principle into a computable and executable logical framework. It clarifies the computational path from single-antenna data to spatial parameters and then to the synthetic result, ensuring that subsequent simulation calculations have clear and rigorous theoretical support and avoiding blindness in the calculation process.

[0063] 400. Using the combined radiation pattern of each dual antenna as the quasi-element antenna radiation pattern, repeat the operations of determining the reference position, relative spatial parameters and grouping sequence, constructing the calculation logic, and substituting data to simulate and estimate the combined radiation pattern until the multi-element antenna array radiation pattern estimation is completed, and the multi-element antenna array combined radiation pattern is obtained.

[0064] Specifically, obtaining the final composite radiation pattern through software simulation is the final step in achieving the estimation target. The estimation formula of this method, as a professional electromagnetic simulation tool, possesses the ability to efficiently handle complex electromagnetic problems and accurately executes the calculation logic (estimation formula) constructed in the third step. Importing measured data and spatial parameters into the software format ensures the accuracy and compatibility of the input information. Through numerical simulation calculations, the software automatically calculates the signal superposition results of multiple antennas in various directions according to preset logic, ultimately generating composite radiation pattern data and visualization graphics. This result can intuitively reflect the overall radiation characteristics of the "dual-antenna" system, providing direct reference for subsequent antenna system performance analysis and design optimization, thus realizing a closed loop from "data acquisition" to "result application."

[0065] Furthermore, such as Figure 8 As shown, based on the measured radiation pattern data of multiple antennas and their spatial relationship, the composite radiation pattern of the "dual antennas" is calculated using the estimation formula of this method through numerical simulation, utilizing the radiation pattern multiplication principle.

[0066] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, a method for estimating the composite radiation pattern of an antenna array based on the measured radiation patterns of multi-element antennas is proposed. First, in a standard testing environment, the azimuth or elevation radiation patterns of each antenna element are measured using antenna testing equipment, and the angular gain values ​​or power distribution data are recorded to obtain the measured radiation pattern data. Next, a three-dimensional Cartesian or polar coordinate system is established to determine the reference positions and relative spatial parameters of the multi-element antennas, dividing them into pairs of antennas to obtain the grouping sequence and corresponding spatial parameters. Then, based on the principle of antenna directivity multiplication, combined with the measured data and spatial parameters, the calculation logic for the composite radiation pattern of each pair of antennas is constructed, and an estimation formula is created. The data is then substituted into simulation to obtain the composite radiation pattern of each pair of antennas. Finally, the composite radiation pattern of the two antennas is used as the quasi-element radiation pattern, and the above operations of determining parameters, grouping, constructing logic, and simulation are repeated until the composite radiation pattern of the multi-element antenna array is estimated. The composite radiation pattern of the "two-antenna" system is obtained through numerical simulation.

[0067] In one possible implementation, in a standard test environment, the azimuth or elevation radiation pattern of each antenna element is tested using antenna testing equipment, and the antenna gain value or power distribution data at each angle is recorded to obtain the measured radiation pattern data of each antenna element. This includes the following steps: setting up a standard test environment that meets the test conditions of no electromagnetic interference and stable signal transmission; using antenna testing equipment to perform azimuth or elevation radiation pattern tests on each antenna element; collecting data at preset angle intervals during the test; recording the gain value or power distribution data of the antenna element at each test angle; validating the recorded data; and removing abnormal data to obtain the measured radiation pattern data of each antenna element.

[0068] In one possible implementation, a three-dimensional rectangular or polar coordinate system is established to determine the reference position and relative spatial parameters of the multi-element antenna. The multi-element antenna is then divided into a sequence of two antennas per group to obtain the antenna grouping sequence and the corresponding spatial parameters. This involves the following steps: Based on the actual application scenario of the multi-element antenna, a three-dimensional rectangular or polar coordinate system is selected to be established. In the established coordinate system, the reference position of the multi-element antenna is determined. The geometric center of one antenna element is taken as the origin of the coordinate system and marked as the reference point. The spatial coordinate parameters of the remaining antenna elements relative to the reference point are measured and recorded, including the distances in the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis directions. Then, the multi-element antenna is divided into a sequence of two antennas per group according to the principle of adjacent priority and uniform distribution. The antenna grouping sequence and the corresponding spatial parameters of each group of antennas are then obtained.

[0069] In one possible implementation, based on the principle of antenna directivity multiplication, and combining measured radiation pattern data with spatial parameters, a calculation logic for the composite radiation pattern of each pair of dual antennas in the azimuth or elevation plane is constructed, an estimation formula is created, and the measured radiation pattern data and spatial parameters are substituted into the estimation formula. The simulation estimation yields the composite radiation pattern of each pair of dual antennas in the azimuth or elevation plane, including the following steps: Based on the principle of antenna directivity multiplication, and combining the directional amplitude parameters of the antenna elements in the acquired measured radiation pattern data, as well as the antenna spacing and relative angle parameters in the determined spatial parameters, an array factor calculation logic for each pair of "dual antennas" is constructed. Based on the array factor calculation logic, an estimation formula for the composite radiation pattern data of each pair of "dual antennas" in the azimuth or elevation plane and spatial parameters is created. The measured radiation pattern data and spatial parameters corresponding to each pair of "dual antennas" are substituted into the estimation formula, and a numerical calculation module is called through a computer program to perform simulation estimation, outputting the composite radiation pattern data of each pair of "dual antennas" in the azimuth or elevation plane.

[0070] Specifically, based on the principle of antenna directivity multiplication, and using measured data from multiple antenna patterns (both upper and lower), a simplified formula for the anisotropic "dual-antenna" array factor is created to calculate the horizontal azimuth pattern of the "dual-antenna":

[0071] ;

[0072] .

[0073] in, for Antenna pattern for Antenna pattern for Antenna and Antenna spacing For multiple antenna array factors.

[0074] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, / For multiple antennas / Corresponding to the directional pattern The directional amplitude of the angle.

[0075] In one possible implementation, the combined radiation patterns of each group of dual antennas are used as quasi-element antenna radiation patterns. The process of repeatedly determining the reference position, relative spatial parameters, and grouping sequence, constructing the calculation logic, and substituting data to simulate and estimate the combined radiation pattern is repeated until the multi-element antenna array radiation pattern estimation is completed. The process of obtaining the multi-element antenna array combined radiation pattern includes the following steps: standardizing the obtained "dual antenna" combined radiation pattern data, unifying the data format and parameter dimensions to make it conform to the data requirements of the quasi-element antenna radiation pattern, using the standardized quasi-element antenna radiation pattern as the new element data, repeatedly confirming the reference position and relative spatial parameters of the quasi-element and regrouping them, re-executing the grouping sequence, constructing the calculation logic of the combined radiation pattern of the new group and simulating and estimating it, and repeating until all antenna elements are covered to obtain the multi-element antenna array combined radiation pattern.

[0076] In one possible implementation, the antenna test equipment includes a vector network analyzer and an antenna measurement system. During testing, the antenna element is fixed on a rotatable test frame, and radiation pattern data at different angles is acquired by rotating the test frame.

[0077] Specifically, radio frequency testing equipment (such as vector network analyzers and antenna measurement systems) is used to obtain measured radiation pattern data of multiple antennas.

[0078] In one possible implementation, the gain value of the antenna element at each test angle is recorded with an accuracy of not less than 0.1dB, and the power distribution data of the antenna element at each test angle is recorded using linear power units or logarithmic power units, and the data recording format of each antenna element is unified.

[0079] In one possible implementation, when determining the relative spatial parameters of the multi-element antenna, a laser rangefinder is used to measure the distance with an accuracy of not less than 0.1 mm. The same spatial parameter is measured three times, and the average value is taken as the final spatial parameter value.

[0080] In one possible implementation, when dividing a multi-element antenna into a sequence of pairs of antennas, if the number of multi-element antennas is odd, the last remaining antenna element is merged with the group of antennas whose signal characteristics are closest to those in the previous grouping, and then readjusted into a sequence of pairs of antennas.

[0081] In one possible implementation, when constructing the array factor calculation logic for each pair of dual antennas, an estimation formula is used to implement numerical simulation calculation, and electromagnetic parameters consistent with the actual test environment are set during the simulation process.

[0082] Specifically, the radiation pattern multiplication algorithm can be implemented using computer programs (such as FECO) and integrated into antenna system design auxiliary software for real-time estimation and optimization.

[0083] Furthermore, such as Figure 8 The diagram shows a test scenario using a certain type of aircraft as the test object. The aircraft is equipped with a JTDS antenna on one side and another JTDS antenna on the other, used together for signal transmission and reception testing. The scenario also includes antenna reflectors and absorbing materials. The antenna reflectors reflect signals, while the absorbing materials reduce interference from stray signals in the environment, creating a more ideal test environment. The signal source is connected to the antenna on the aircraft via an RF cable to transmit test signals. The antenna on the other side transmits the received signals to a spectrum analyzer via the RF cable, which analyzes the signal characteristics. A GPIB bus extender enables remote communication via fiber optic cable. A control computer is connected to the spectrum analyzer and other equipment via a GPIB connection cable, allowing control and data acquisition processing of the entire test process. This enables signal testing and analysis related to the "dual antenna" system, providing technical support for evaluating its performance.

[0084] Furthermore, such as Figure 9 , Figure 10 The image shows the test data of the azimuth pattern of a certain type of installed antenna, which is obtained by superimposing test frequency points within the frequency range of 960MHz-1225MHz. The results show that the algorithm can accurately reflect the composite pattern characteristics of the "dual antenna" system within the error range.

[0085] In summary, it improves design efficiency by eliminating the need for complex simulation modeling and directly estimating based on measured data, saving time. It enhances practicality by being applicable to various antenna layouts and application scenarios, exhibiting good versatility and flexibility. It improves accuracy by combining measured data with the multiplication principle to enhance the accuracy of pattern estimation. It supports engineering applications by serving as part of a system design tool, applicable to fields such as communications, radar, and positioning.

[0086] The method and application of antenna array synthesis pattern estimation based on measured radiation patterns of multi-element antennas in this application can quickly estimate the overall radiation pattern of a "dual-antenna" system by measuring the azimuth and elevation radiation patterns of multiple antennas and combining their spatial arrangement, thereby providing technical support for system design, performance evaluation and optimization.

[0087] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for estimating the array pattern of an antenna array based on the measured pattern of a multi-element antenna, characterized in that Based on the measured radiation patterns of individual antenna elements and the array geometry parameters, the antenna array radiation pattern is obtained through a created estimation formula, including the following steps: In a standard testing environment, antenna testing equipment is used to test the azimuth or elevation radiation pattern of each antenna element, and the antenna gain value or power distribution data at each angle are recorded to obtain the measured radiation pattern data of each antenna element. Establish a three-dimensional rectangular or polar coordinate system, determine the reference position and relative spatial parameters of the multi-element antenna, divide the multi-element antenna into a sequence of two antennas per group, and obtain the antenna grouping sequence and the corresponding spatial parameters; Based on the principle of antenna directivity multiplication, combined with measured radiation pattern data and spatial parameters, the calculation logic for the composite radiation pattern of each pair of dual antennas in the azimuth or elevation plane is constructed, an estimation formula is created, the measured radiation pattern data and spatial parameters are substituted into the estimation formula, and the composite radiation pattern of each pair of dual antennas in the azimuth or elevation plane is obtained through simulation estimation. The combined radiation pattern of each dual-antenna array is used as the quasi-element antenna radiation pattern. The operation of determining the reference position, relative spatial parameters and grouping sequence, constructing the calculation logic, and substituting data to simulate and estimate the combined radiation pattern are repeated until the multi-element antenna array radiation pattern is estimated and the multi-element antenna array combined radiation pattern is obtained.

2. The method for estimating the composite radiation pattern of an antenna array based on the measured radiation pattern of a multi-element antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of testing the azimuth or elevation radiation pattern of each antenna element in a standard testing environment using antenna testing equipment, recording the antenna gain value or power distribution data at each angle, and obtaining the measured radiation pattern data of each antenna element includes the following steps: Establish a standard test environment that meets the test conditions of no electromagnetic interference and stable signal transmission. Antenna testing equipment was used to perform azimuth diagram tests or elevation plane radiation diagram tests on each antenna element, and data was collected at preset angle intervals during the test. Record the gain value or power distribution data of the antenna element at each test angle, verify the validity of the recorded data, and remove abnormal data to obtain the measured radiation pattern data of each antenna element.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is based on a measured pattern of a multi-element antenna. The steps to establish a three-dimensional rectangular or polar coordinate system, determine the reference position and relative spatial parameters of the multi-element antenna, divide the multi-element antenna into a sequence of pairs of antennas, and obtain the antenna grouping sequence and corresponding spatial parameters include the following: Based on the actual application scenario of multi-element antennas, choose to establish a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system or a polar coordinate system; In the established coordinate system, determine the reference position of the multi-element antenna, and mark the geometric center of one of the antenna elements as the origin of the coordinate system. Measure and record the spatial coordinate parameters of each antenna element relative to the reference point, including the distances in the x, y, and z directions. Then, divide the multi-element antenna into a sequence of two antennas per group according to the principle of adjacent priority and uniform distribution. Organize the antenna grouping sequence and the spatial parameters corresponding to each group of antennas.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is based on a measured pattern of a multi-element antenna. The process of constructing the azimuth or elevation composite radiation pattern calculation logic for each pair of dual antennas based on the principle of antenna directivity multiplication, combined with measured radiation pattern data and spatial parameters, and creating an estimation formula, involves substituting the measured radiation pattern data and spatial parameters into the estimation formula, and obtaining the composite radiation pattern of each pair of dual antennas through simulation estimation, including the following steps: Based on the principle of antenna directivity multiplication, and combined with the directional amplitude parameters of the antenna elements in the obtained measured radiation pattern data, as well as the antenna spacing and relative angle parameters in the determined spatial parameters, the array factor calculation logic for each pair of antennas is constructed. Based on the array factor calculation logic, an estimation formula for the azimuth or elevation plane composite radiation pattern data and spatial parameters of each pair of dual antennas is created. Substitute the measured radiation pattern data and spatial parameters corresponding to each pair of dual antennas into the estimation formula, and use a computer program to call the numerical calculation module to perform simulation estimation, outputting the composite radiation pattern data of the azimuth or elevation plane of each pair of dual antennas.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is based on measured patterns of multiple element antennas. The process of using the combined radiation pattern of each dual-antenna array as a quasi-element antenna radiation pattern, repeatedly determining the reference position, relative spatial parameters, and grouping sequence, constructing the calculation logic, and substituting data to simulate and estimate the combined radiation pattern, until the multi-element antenna array radiation pattern estimation is completed, and obtaining the multi-element antenna array combined radiation pattern includes the following steps: The obtained dual-antenna composite radiation pattern data are standardized to unify the data format and parameter dimensions, so that they meet the data requirements of quasi-element antenna radiation patterns. Using the standardized quasi-element antenna pattern as the new element data, the process of confirming the reference position and relative spatial parameters of the quasi-element and regrouping is repeated. The grouping sequence is re-executed, the synthetic radiation pattern calculation logic of the new group is constructed and simulated for estimation, and the loop is repeated until all antenna elements are covered to obtain the synthetic radiation pattern of the multi-element antenna array.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein the method is characterized by: The antenna testing equipment includes a vector network analyzer and an antenna measurement system. During testing, the antenna element is fixed on a rotatable test frame, and radiation pattern data at different angles is acquired by rotating the test frame.

7. The method of claim 2, wherein the method is characterized by: The accuracy of the recorded gain value of the antenna element at each test angle is not less than 0.1dB; The power distribution data of the antenna elements at each test angle are recorded using linear power units or logarithmic power units, and the data recording format of each antenna element is standardized.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is based on measured patterns of multiple element antennas. When determining the relative spatial parameters of the multi-element antenna, a laser rangefinder is used to measure the distance with an accuracy of not less than 0.1 mm. The same spatial parameter is measured three times, and the average value is taken as the final spatial parameter value.

9. The method of claim 3, wherein the method is characterized by: When dividing a multi-element antenna into a sequence of two antennas per group, if the number of multi-element antennas is odd, the last remaining antenna element is merged with the group of antennas with the closest signal characteristics in the previous grouping, and then readjusted into a sequence of two antennas per group.

10. The method for estimating the antenna array composite pattern based on the measured radiation pattern of a multi-element antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, When constructing the array factor calculation logic for each dual-antenna group, the estimation formula is used to implement numerical simulation calculation, and electromagnetic parameters consistent with the actual test environment are set during the simulation process.

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