Ecological chain-based forest small and micro water source group community construction method and system

Abstract

The application provides a forest small and micro water source group community construction method and system based on an ecological chain, relates to the technical field of ecological engineering, and comprises the following steps: selecting a natural catchment area according to forest topographic features, constructing a water area unit with a layered anti-seepage structure, arranging an anti-seepage layer at the bottom to realize water collection, and arranging a water-permeable transition layer at the edge to form a water-land gradient; dividing the water area unit into multiple ecological function areas according to the water depth gradient and spatial position and introducing matching species; dynamically adjusting the species ratio and spatial layout of adjacent function areas based on the functional correlation of material circulation and energy transmission by monitoring the population density and water quality indexes, forming a self-sustaining ecological chain; arranging a microorganism cultivation layer around the periphery, calculating the inoculation proportion of saprophytic microorganisms, calculating the soil organic matter conversion amount according to the population density and decomposition rate, and establishing the dynamic balance of the water supply amount of the water area, the metabolic activity of microorganisms and the physical and chemical properties of forest soil. The water source ecological system constructed by the application has high stability, can effectively improve the water holding capacity of forest soil and reduce the risk of fire.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological engineering technology, and in particular to a method and system for constructing forest micro-water source communities based on ecological chains. Background Technology

[0002] Forest water sources are not only important carriers of biodiversity but also key elements in maintaining regional hydrological cycles and ecological balance. Traditional forest water source construction often employs simple engineering seepage prevention or basic water body construction methods, focusing primarily on water storage while neglecting the complex material and energy exchange relationships between the water source and the surrounding forest ecosystem. With the deepening of ecological protection concepts and the increasing demands for forest management, how to construct small-scale water sources in forest environments that combine water storage and ecosystem services has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in the field of forestry ecological construction. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a method and system for constructing forest micro-water source communities based on the ecological chain, which can solve the problems in the prior art.

[0004] A first aspect of this invention provides a method for constructing forest micro-water source communities based on ecological chains, comprising:

[0005] Based on the forest topography, select areas with natural water collection conditions, and construct water units with layered impermeable structures within these areas. The bottom area of ​​the water unit is provided with an impermeable layer to achieve water collection, and the edge area is provided with a permeable transition layer to form a water-land gradient environment.

[0006] Based on the water depth gradient and spatial location from the center of the water area, the water area is divided into multiple ecological functional zones, and species that match the ecological function of the zone are introduced.

[0007] By monitoring the population density and water quality indicators of species in each ecological functional zone, and based on the functional relationships of the species in material cycling and energy transfer, the species ratio and spatial layout between adjacent ecological functional zones are dynamically adjusted to form a self-sustaining ecological chain network.

[0008] Using the water conditions of the water unit, a microbial cultivation layer is set up in the surrounding area, and the inoculation ratio of saprophytic microorganisms is calculated. The conversion amount of soil organic matter is calculated based on the microbial population density and decomposition rate. Based on the conversion amount, the change value of soil saturated water holding capacity and the reduction of surface combustibles are calculated, and a dynamic balance relationship between water supply, microbial metabolic activity and forest soil physicochemical properties is established.

[0009] Based on the forest topography, areas with natural water collection conditions are selected. Within these areas, water units with layered impermeable structures are constructed. The bottom area of ​​each water unit has an impermeable layer to achieve water collection, while the edge areas have permeable transition layers to create a water-land gradient environment. This includes:

[0010] Obtain a digital elevation model of the forest area, extract the valley network and watershed boundaries, calculate the upstream catchment area and topographic humidity index of each valley node, obtain the runoff collection potential of each node, and screen candidate nodes with runoff collection potential higher than a preset threshold.

[0011] Calculate the distance from each candidate node to the nearest forest fire prevention road, the distance to the dense forest stand area, and the slope elevation. Construct a spatial accessibility score from the three distance indicators, and select the node with the highest spatial accessibility score as the center point of the water unit.

[0012] Based on the center point, excavate downwards to the set depth, lay a clay compaction layer and a flexible impermeable membrane to form a double impermeable layer in the bottom area, lay a mixed layer of gravel and humus in the middle area to form a semi-permeable layer, lay a mixed layer of crushed stone and dead branches and leaves in the upper area to form a permeable layer, and pile natural stones in the bank slope area to form a porous structure.

[0013] An overflow outlet is provided at the edge of the double impermeable layer. The elevation of the overflow outlet corresponds to the junction of the middle and upper parts of the excavation depth. When the water level exceeds the elevation of the overflow outlet, the excess water is discharged through the overflow outlet.

[0014] Based on the water depth gradient and spatial location from the center of the water unit, the water unit is divided into multiple ecological functional zones, and species matching the ecological function of each zone are introduced, including:

[0015] Within the water area unit, depth measuring points are arranged along multiple radial lines from the center point to the edge. The water depth value of each depth measuring point and the radial distance from the depth measuring point to the center point are calculated to establish the spatial distribution relationship between the water depth value and the radial distance.

[0016] Based on the spatial distribution relationship, the water area units are divided into the following categories according to water depth from deep to shallow: water purification zone, underwater photosynthesis zone, phreatic habitat zone, emergent plant zone, water-land transition zone, and shoreline shelter zone. The water depth threshold corresponding to the boundary of each functional zone is determined according to the water depth adaptation range of the target species in that functional zone.

[0017] Following a reverse introduction sequence from the shoreline to the center of the water, corresponding species are introduced for each functional zone. Shrubs or herbaceous plants that provide shelter for terrestrial animals are introduced in the shoreline shelter zone. Moisture-tolerant transitional plant species with well-developed root systems are introduced in the water-land transition zone. Plant species with roots anchored to the bottom and stems and leaves extending above the water surface are introduced in the emergent plant zone. Plant species that provide habitat structures for aquatic animals are introduced in the submerged habitat zone. Submerged photosynthetic plant species are introduced in the underwater photosynthetic zone. Benthic species with filter-feeding purification capabilities are introduced in the water purification zone.

[0018] By monitoring the population density and water quality indicators of species within each ecological functional zone, and based on the functional relationships of these species in material cycling and energy transfer, the species ratio and spatial layout between adjacent ecological functional zones are dynamically adjusted to form a self-sustaining ecological chain network, including:

[0019] Species population density and biomass were collected in each ecological functional zone, and dissolved oxygen concentration, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration and organic carbon concentration were measured to obtain water quality index data.

[0020] The metabolic type labels of each species in the preceding functional area are extracted and combined with the nutrient acquisition type labels of each species in the subsequent functional area. The biomass ratio of each productive species in the preceding functional area is multiplied by the biomass ratio of the corresponding demand species in the subsequent functional area and then summed to obtain the functional coupling strength value.

[0021] When the functional coupling strength value exceeds the coupling threshold range, the difference between the biomass ratio of each productive species in the preceding functional area and the biomass ratio of the corresponding demand species in the subsequent functional area is calculated item by item, and the type of substance with the largest absolute value of the difference is determined as the regulation target.

[0022] The regulation type of the target is determined, and the corresponding species in each functional zone are adaptively adjusted. The species to be reduced are moved to spatial locations with sufficient nutrient supply in each functional zone. The population density data and water quality index data of each ecological functional zone are updated. The above calculation is repeated until all functional coupling strength values ​​are within the coupling threshold range, forming a self-sustaining ecological chain network.

[0023] Utilizing the moisture conditions of the aforementioned water unit, a microbial cultivation layer is established in the surrounding area, and the inoculation ratio of saprophytic microorganisms is calculated. Based on the microbial population density and decomposition rate, the conversion amount of soil organic matter is calculated, including:

[0024] The water level of the water area unit and the permeability coefficient of the permeable transition layer are measured, and the lateral diffusion distance of water is calculated. The soil moisture distribution is measured within the diffusion distance range.

[0025] Collect forest tending residues and litter, determine the total carbon content, total nitrogen content, cellulose content and lignin content, and calculate the carbon-nitrogen ratio. Based on the difference between the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the carbon-nitrogen requirement range of saprophytic microorganisms, determine the amount of carbon source supplementation or nitrogen source supplementation.

[0026] The density of native microbial populations in forest soil was determined. Combined with the carbon-nitrogen ratio, the total mass of residues and litter, and the ratio of cellulose content to lignin content, the inoculation mass of saprophytic microbial agents was calculated, and the ratio of this mass to the total mass was used as the inoculation ratio.

[0027] After crushing the residue and fallen material, mix it with the amount of carbon source supplementation or nitrogen source supplementation, add saprophytic microbial inoculant according to the inoculation ratio, and lay it in a location where the soil moisture is greater than the set threshold to form a microbial cultivation layer.

[0028] The population density of saprophytic microorganisms in the microbial culture layer was determined. The total decomposition rate of the culture layer was calculated by combining the cellulose content, lignin content, and decomposition rate per unit microorganism. The result was multiplied by the carbon conversion coefficient and the time interval to obtain the amount of soil organic matter converted.

[0029] Based on the aforementioned conversion amount, the changes in soil saturated water holding capacity and the reduction in surface combustibles are calculated, and a dynamic balance is established among water supply, microbial metabolic activity, and forest soil physicochemical properties, including:

[0030] The soil organic matter content, bulk density, and porosity were measured before and after the microbial cultivation layer was laid. The organic matter increment was calculated in combination with the conversion amount. Based on the power function relationship between organic matter and the proportion of aggregate structure, the porosity change was calculated and multiplied by the capillary porosity coefficient and the soil layer thickness to obtain the saturated water holding capacity change.

[0031] Based on the surface combustible load before the microbial cultivation layer is laid, the surface layer, semi-decomposition layer and humic layer are divided in the vertical direction, and the density of each layer is measured. Combined with the conversion amount, coverage area and layer density, the combustible reduction amount is calculated.

[0032] The real-time water level of the water unit, the permeability flux of the permeable transition layer, and the evapotranspiration of the surrounding area are measured. The control amount is calculated based on the difference between the real-time water level and the set water level to obtain the water supply amount. A transfer function is established in combination with soil moisture. The substrate consumption rate and enzyme activity of the microbial culture layer are measured. The metabolic activity index is calculated in combination with temperature.

[0033] Soil moisture in the transfer function is used as the input of the metabolic activity index, and the metabolic activity index is used as the driving factor of the rate of change of soil parameters. Soil organic matter content is fed back to the calculation of saturated water holding capacity to construct a closed-loop equation. When the iterative rate of change of each variable in the closed-loop equation is less than the convergence threshold, it is confirmed that an equilibrium state has been reached.

[0034] A second aspect of the present invention provides a forest micro-water source community construction system based on the ecological chain, comprising:

[0035] The first unit is used to select areas with natural water collection conditions based on forest topography characteristics, and to construct water units with layered impermeable structures within the areas. The bottom area of ​​the water unit is provided with an impermeable layer to achieve water collection function, and the edge area is provided with a permeable transition layer to form a water-land gradient environment.

[0036] The second unit is used to divide the water area into multiple ecological functional zones based on the water depth gradient and spatial location from the center of the water area, and to introduce species that match the ecological function of the zone.

[0037] The third unit is used to monitor the population density and water quality indicators of species in each ecological functional zone, and dynamically adjust the species ratio and spatial layout between adjacent ecological functional zones based on the functional relationship of the species in material cycling and energy transfer, so as to form a self-sustaining ecological chain network.

[0038] The fourth unit is used to deploy a microbial cultivation layer in the surrounding area using the water conditions of the water unit, calculate the inoculation ratio of saprophytic microorganisms, calculate the conversion amount of soil organic matter based on the microbial population density and decomposition rate, calculate the change value of soil saturated water holding capacity and the reduction amount of surface combustibles based on the conversion amount, and establish a dynamic balance relationship between water supply, microbial metabolic activity and forest soil physicochemical properties.

[0039] A third aspect of the present invention,

[0040] An electronic device is provided, comprising:

[0041] processor;

[0042] Memory used to store processor-executable instructions;

[0043] The processor is configured to invoke instructions stored in the memory to execute the aforementioned method.

[0044] Fourth aspect of the present invention,

[0045] A computer-readable storage medium is provided, having stored thereon computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the aforementioned method.

[0046] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0047] This invention solves the technical problem of balancing seepage prevention and ecological transition in traditional forest water source construction by constructing water units with a layered seepage-proof structure in the forest. The bottom is equipped with a seepage-proof layer to achieve water collection, and the edge is equipped with a permeable transition layer to form a water-land gradient environment. This ensures the water storage capacity of the water source and provides a suitable habitat for species in different ecological niches, thereby improving the ecological stability and water conservation efficiency of the water source.

[0048] This invention divides aquatic units into multiple ecological functional zones based on water depth gradients and spatial locations, and introduces matching species. By monitoring population density and water quality indicators, it dynamically adjusts the species ratio and spatial layout between adjacent ecological functional zones based on the functional relationships of species in material cycling and energy transfer, forming a self-sustaining ecological chain network. This overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as arbitrary species configuration and poor ecosystem stability, and realizes the self-regulation and long-term stable operation of the water source ecosystem, reducing artificial maintenance costs.

[0049] This invention utilizes the water conditions of a water unit to lay out a microbial cultivation layer around it. By calculating the inoculation ratio of saprophytic microorganisms and the conversion of soil organic matter, a dynamic balance relationship is established between the water supply of the water unit, the metabolic activity of microorganisms, and the physicochemical properties of forest soil. This achieves the improvement of soil saturated water holding capacity and the reduction of surface combustibles, which not only enhances the water conservation capacity of forest soil, but also effectively reduces the risk of forest fires, realizing the synergistic benefits of water source protection and forest fire prevention. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for constructing forest micro-water source communities based on the ecological chain according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the construction process of forest micro-water units. Detailed Implementation

[0052] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments.

[0054] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for constructing forest micro-water source communities based on the ecological chain according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0055] Based on the forest topography, select areas with natural water collection conditions, and construct water units with layered impermeable structures within these areas. The bottom area of ​​the water unit is provided with an impermeable layer to achieve water collection, and the edge area is provided with a permeable transition layer to form a water-land gradient environment.

[0056] Based on the water depth gradient and spatial location from the center of the water area, the water area is divided into multiple ecological functional zones, and species that match the ecological function of the zone are introduced.

[0057] By monitoring the population density and water quality indicators of species in each ecological functional zone, and based on the functional relationships of the species in material cycling and energy transfer, the species ratio and spatial layout between adjacent ecological functional zones are dynamically adjusted to form a self-sustaining ecological chain network.

[0058] Using the water conditions of the water unit, a microbial cultivation layer is set up in the surrounding area, and the inoculation ratio of saprophytic microorganisms is calculated. The conversion amount of soil organic matter is calculated based on the microbial population density and decomposition rate. Based on the conversion amount, the change value of soil saturated water holding capacity and the reduction of surface combustibles are calculated, and a dynamic balance relationship between water supply, microbial metabolic activity and forest soil physicochemical properties is established.

[0059] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the construction method for small-scale water bodies in forests. In one optional embodiment, an area with natural water collection conditions is selected based on forest topography characteristics. Within this area, a water body with a layered impermeable structure is constructed. The bottom region of the water body is provided with an impermeable layer to achieve water collection, and the edge region is provided with a permeable transition layer to form a water-land gradient environment. This includes:

[0060] Obtain a digital elevation model of the forest area, extract the valley network and watershed boundaries, calculate the upstream catchment area and topographic humidity index of each valley node, obtain the runoff collection potential of each node, and screen candidate nodes with runoff collection potential higher than a preset threshold.

[0061] Calculate the distance from each candidate node to the nearest forest fire prevention road, the distance to the dense forest stand area, and the slope elevation. Construct a spatial accessibility score from the three distance indicators, and select the node with the highest spatial accessibility score as the center point of the water unit.

[0062] Based on the center point, excavate downwards to the set depth, lay a clay compaction layer and a flexible impermeable membrane to form a double impermeable layer in the bottom area, lay a mixed layer of gravel and humus in the middle area to form a semi-permeable layer, lay a mixed layer of crushed stone and dead branches and leaves in the upper area to form a permeable layer, and pile natural stones in the bank slope area to form a porous structure.

[0063] An overflow outlet is provided at the edge of the double impermeable layer. The elevation of the overflow outlet corresponds to the junction of the middle and upper parts of the excavation depth. When the water level exceeds the elevation of the overflow outlet, the excess water is discharged through the overflow outlet.

[0064] In this specific embodiment, when constructing water units in areas with natural water catchment conditions within a forest region, a drone equipped with a LiDAR scanner is used to collect topographic data of the target forest area. The point cloud density of the LiDAR is set to 16 points / m². 2 The scan covered a forest area of ​​5,000 hectares. After the data collection was completed, the point cloud data was imported into geographic information processing software. A digital elevation model with a resolution of 1 meter was generated using an interpolation algorithm. Based on the generated digital elevation model, hydrological analysis tools were used to extract the valley network structure. A cumulative flow threshold of 100 grid cells was set. When the upstream cumulative flow of a certain grid cell reached this threshold, it was identified as the starting point of the valley line.

[0065] The extracted gully network was nodally processed, with nodes set at 50-meter intervals, resulting in 2300 gully nodes. For each node, its upstream catchment area was calculated by counting all grid cells upstream of the node and multiplying by the area of ​​a single grid cell. A node located at the confluence of three tributaries had an upstream catchment area of ​​12.8 hectares. When calculating the topographic humidity index, the upstream catchment area was divided by the tangent of the topographic slope at that node. The slope of this node was 8 degrees, with a tangent of 0.14, resulting in a topographic humidity index of 91.4. The runoff collection potential was obtained by weighting the upstream catchment area and the topographic humidity index, with the upstream catchment area weighted at 0.6 and the topographic humidity index weighted at 0.4. The overall runoff collection potential score for this node was 82.3 points.

[0066] After calculating the runoff collection potential of all 2300 nodes, a preset threshold of 70 points was set, and 368 candidate nodes with runoff collection potential higher than this threshold were selected. Spatial accessibility assessment was further conducted on these 368 candidate nodes. A total station was used to measure the actual distance from each candidate node to the nearest forest fire prevention road; one candidate node was found to be 320 meters from the fire prevention road. The location of dense stand areas was determined using a plot survey method. Areas with a diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than 20 cm and more than 600 trees per hectare were defined as dense stand areas. The distance from this candidate node to the nearest dense stand boundary was measured to be 180 meters. The slope elevation of the node was measured, using the valley floor as the reference surface. This node was located in the lower-middle part of the slope, with a relative elevation difference of 15 meters.

[0067] The three distance indicators were converted into scores. The closer to the firebreak road, the higher the score. A distance of 320 meters corresponds to a score of 75 points. The distance to the dense forest stand is moderate. A distance of 180 meters corresponds to a score of 88 points. The lower the slope, the higher the score. A difference of 15 meters corresponds to a score of 82 points. The three indicators were weighted by 0.3, 0.4, and 0.3 respectively for weighted calculation. The comprehensive spatial accessibility score of this candidate node was 81.9 points. After scoring all 368 candidate nodes, the node with the highest score was selected as the center point of the water unit. The spatial accessibility score of this node reached 89.6 points. It is located in a valley confluence area with a gentle slope.

[0068] After determining the center point, excavation of the water area unit began. A small excavator was used to expand the excavation outwards from the center point, creating an irregular elliptical shape. The major axis extended 28 meters along the valley line, and the minor axis was 18 meters wide. The excavation depth was set at 2.4 meters. The bottom area's depth ranged from 1.8 to 2.4 meters below the surface, the middle area's depth ranged from 0.9 to 1.8 meters below the surface, and the upper area's depth ranged from the surface to 0.9 meters below the surface. When laying the impermeable layer at the bottom, loose soil and plant roots were removed from the excavation surface. After leveling, a 40-centimeter-thick layer of clay was laid. The clay used was heavy clay from the local riverbank, with a plasticity index of 23 and a permeability coefficient of less than 0.00001 centimeters per second. The clay layer was laid using a layered compaction process, with each 10-centimeter layer compacted using a vibratory rammer to achieve a compaction density of 1.85 tons per cubic meter.

[0069] A flexible geomembrane, made of high-density polyethylene, is laid on the compacted clay layer. The geomembrane is 1.5 mm thick, with a tensile strength of 27 MPa and a permeability coefficient of less than 0.000000001 cm / s. A 5% slack is allowed during installation to accommodate ground settlement. Adjacent membrane sheets are connected by hot-melt welding with a weld width of 10 cm. The welding temperature is controlled between 280°C and 320°C. A 5 cm thick layer of fine sand is placed on top of the geomembrane as a protective layer to prevent sharp objects from puncturing it. A semi-permeable layer is laid in the central area, consisting of a 3:2 volume ratio of gravel (5 mm to 15 mm) to forest humus, with a thickness of 60 cm. This mixed layer has a permeability coefficient of 0.002 cm / s, allowing for slow water filtration while maintaining a certain water retention capacity.

[0070] The upper area is laid with a permeable layer, which is made of crushed stone with a particle size of 20 mm to 50 mm and collected dead branches and leaves in a volume ratio of 4:1, with a thickness of 50 cm. The porosity of this mixed layer reaches 42% and the permeability coefficient is 0.15 cm per second. In the bank slope area of ​​the water unit, natural stones are piled up to form a porous structure. The stones are local granite, with each stone weighing 15 kg to 50 kg. They are piled up using a dry-laying method, leaving a gap of 2 cm to 8 cm between the stones. The gaps are filled with a mixture of coarse sand and humus. The slope of the bank slope is set at 1:2.5, gradually rising from the bottom of the water towards the land. The height of the stone pile is 1.5 meters.

[0071] An overflow outlet is installed at the southeast edge of the double-layered impermeable layer. The bottom elevation of the overflow outlet corresponds to an excavation depth of 0.9 meters, which is the boundary between the middle and upper areas. The overflow outlet adopts a precast concrete trough structure, with an inner width of 80 cm, a depth of 30 cm, and a length of 3 meters. The bottom of the trough is connected to the edge of the impermeable membrane by a waterstop to ensure that no leakage occurs below the normal water level. The outlet of the overflow outlet is connected to a 15-meter-long drainage ditch. The ditch has a trapezoidal cross-section, with a bottom width of 40 cm, a depth of 50 cm, a side slope ratio of 1:1, and a longitudinal slope of 2% at the bottom. When the water level in the water area unit rises to a depth of 0.9 meters, water begins to be discharged through the overflow outlet. The drainage flow rate increases with the water level. When the water level reaches 1.2 meters, the drainage flow rate of the overflow outlet reaches 12 liters per second, effectively controlling the highest water level of the water area unit to not exceed the design safe water level.

[0072] In one optional implementation, the water area is divided into multiple ecological functional zones based on its depth gradient and spatial location from the center, and species matching the ecological function of each zone are introduced, including:

[0073] Within the water area unit, depth measuring points are arranged along multiple radial lines from the center point to the edge. The water depth value of each depth measuring point and the radial distance from the depth measuring point to the center point are calculated to establish the spatial distribution relationship between the water depth value and the radial distance.

[0074] Based on the spatial distribution relationship, the water area units are divided into the following categories according to water depth from deep to shallow: water purification zone, underwater photosynthesis zone, phreatic habitat zone, emergent plant zone, water-land transition zone, and shoreline shelter zone. The water depth threshold corresponding to the boundary of each functional zone is determined according to the water depth adaptation range of the target species in that functional zone.

[0075] Following a reverse introduction sequence from the shoreline to the center of the water, corresponding species are introduced for each functional zone. Shrubs or herbaceous plants that provide shelter for terrestrial animals are introduced in the shoreline shelter zone. Moisture-tolerant transitional plant species with well-developed root systems are introduced in the water-land transition zone. Plant species with roots anchored to the bottom and stems and leaves extending above the water surface are introduced in the emergent plant zone. Plant species that provide habitat structures for aquatic animals are introduced in the submerged habitat zone. Submerged photosynthetic plant species are introduced in the underwater photosynthetic zone. Benthic species with filter-feeding purification capabilities are introduced in the water purification zone.

[0076] In the specific implementation process, an ecological functional zone was divided and species were introduced for an artificial lake water unit with an area of ​​200 square meters. The water unit is elliptical in shape. Its geometric center point was determined by measurement as a reference point. The coordinates of the reference point were determined by a total station to be the intersection of the east-west central axis and the north-south central axis of the water unit.

[0077] Starting from the determined center point, 24 radial survey lines are laid out radiating towards the edge of the water area at 15-degree intervals. A depth sounding point is set every 0.3 meters along the radial distance of each survey line. An acoustic depth sounder is used to measure the water depth at each depth sounding point, and a laser rangefinder is used to record the actual radial distance from the depth sounding point to the center point. After measurement, 240 valid depth sounding data points are obtained. The depth values ​​gradually decrease from 1.5 meters near the center point to 0.1 meters at the edge.

[0078] The water depth values ​​of all sounding points and their corresponding radial distance data were input into the geographic information system software. A spatial distribution model of water depth for the entire water area was generated using the inverse distance weighted interpolation method. The model shows a clear negative correlation between water depth and radial distance, i.e., the farther away from the center point, the smaller the water depth. Within the radial distance range of 0 to 1 meter, the water depth remains between 1.3 and 1.5 meters; within the radial distance range of 1 to 2.5 meters, the water depth gradually decreases from 1.3 meters to 0.8 meters; within the radial distance range of 2.5 to 4 meters, the water depth decreases from 0.8 meters to 0.5 meters; within the radial distance range of 4 to 5.5 meters, the water depth decreases from 0.5 meters to 0.3 meters; within the radial distance range of 5.5 to 7 meters, the water depth decreases from 0.3 meters to 0.15 meters; and within the radial distance range of 7 to 8 meters, the water depth transitions from 0.15 meters to below 0.1 meters near the shore.

[0079] Based on the established spatial distribution of water depth and considering the ecological habits and water depth adaptability of various aquatic organisms, functional zones were delineated. The water purification zone was set in an area with a water depth greater than 1.2 meters, corresponding to a radial distance of 0 to 1.2 meters, covering approximately 12% of the total water area. The underwater photosynthetic zone was set in an area with a water depth of 0.7 to 1.2 meters, corresponding to a radial distance of 1.2 to 3 meters, covering approximately 25% of the area. The phreatic habitat zone was set in an area with a water depth of 0.4 to 0.7 meters, corresponding to a radial distance of 3 to 4.5 meters, covering approximately 28% of the area. The emergent plant zone was set in an area with a water depth of 0.2 to 0.4 meters, corresponding to a radial distance of 4.5 to 6 meters, covering approximately 20% of the area. The water-land transition zone was set in an area with a water depth of 0.1 to 0.2 meters, corresponding to a radial distance of 6 to 7.5 meters, covering approximately 10% of the area. The shoreline concealment area is set in a water depth of 0 to 0.1 meters, corresponding to a radial distance of 7.5 to 8 meters or more, and the area accounts for about 5%.

[0080] The species introduction work was carried out in reverse order from the shore to the center of the water. In the sheltered area on the shore, one shrub was planted every 0.5 meters along the edge of the water. Local shrub varieties with a height of 0.5 to 0.8 meters and a crown width of about 0.3 meters were selected, and a total of about 50 plants were planted. At the same time, herb seeds were sown in the gaps between the shrubs at a density of 15 grams per square meter. Drought- and moisture-tolerant perennial varieties of herb were selected.

[0081] In the water-land transition zone, transitional plants with well-developed root systems and strong soil-fixing capabilities are planted, using a planting method with a row spacing of 0.3 meters and a plant spacing of 0.2 meters, with approximately 15 plants per square meter. Plant varieties with a root depth of 0.15 to 0.2 meters and a well-developed fibrous root system are selected, with a total of about 300 plants planted. These plants can adapt to flooding conditions with a water level of 0.1 to 0.2 meters, and their root systems can effectively stabilize the bank slope substrate.

[0082] In the emergent plant area, plants with roots anchored to the bottom and stems and leaves extending above the water surface are planted in clumps, with each clump containing 3 to 5 plants. The spacing between clumps is 0.4 meters, and the planting density is controlled within the range of 4 to 6 clumps per square meter. Emergent plant varieties with a plant height of 0.3 to 0.6 meters and a leaf width of 1 to 3 centimeters are selected, and their root length can reach 0.1 to 0.2 meters, enabling them to firmly take root in the bottom mud. Approximately 500 clumps were planted in total in this area.

[0083] In the diving habitat area, plants that can provide habitat and concealment structures for aquatic animals were introduced and planted in a dotted pattern, with 2 to 3 plants at each planting point and a spacing of 0.4 to 0.5 meters between planting points. Submerged plant varieties with a height of 0.2 to 0.4 meters and abundant branching were selected, with flexible stems and suitable branching angles to form a three-dimensional structure. These plants grow well in water depths of 0.4 to 0.7 meters, and a total of about 120 planting points were established.

[0084] In the underwater photosynthetic zone, submerged plants with high photosynthetic capacity are introduced. A combination of dispersal and cluster planting is used, with 15 to 20 propagation units sown per square meter. Submerged plant varieties with finely lobed leaves and a large specific surface area are selected. These plants can effectively photosynthesize in water depths of 0.7 to 1.2 meters and under relatively weak light intensity. The total sowing quantity is approximately 1000 propagation units.

[0085] In the water purification area, benthic organisms with filter-feeding and water purification capabilities are introduced in batches, with each introduction 7 days apart, for a total of 3 introductions. The introduction density is 6 to 8 individuals per square meter. Benthic species with a body length of 1 to 2 centimeters and high filter-feeding efficiency are selected. These organisms can adapt to environmental conditions with a water depth of more than 1.2 meters and relatively low dissolved oxygen at the bottom. They achieve water purification by filtering suspended particulate matter and plankton in the water. The total introduction quantity is about 150 individuals.

[0086] The entire species introduction process took 45 days to complete. During this period, water quality indicators in each functional zone were monitored every 5 days, including parameters such as dissolved oxygen concentration, turbidity, and nitrogen and phosphorus content. Monitoring data on the 30th day after the introduction showed that the suspended solids concentration in the water purification zone decreased, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the underwater photosynthesis zone increased, and the ecological functions of each functional zone gradually emerged and tended to stabilize.

[0087] In one optional implementation, by monitoring the population density and water quality indicators of species within each ecological functional zone, and based on the functional relationships of the species in material cycling and energy transfer, the species ratio and spatial layout between adjacent ecological functional zones are dynamically adjusted to form a self-sustaining ecological chain network, including:

[0088] Species population density and biomass were collected in each ecological functional zone, and dissolved oxygen concentration, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration and organic carbon concentration were measured to obtain water quality index data.

[0089] The metabolic type labels of each species in the preceding functional area are extracted and combined with the nutrient acquisition type labels of each species in the subsequent functional area. The biomass ratio of each productive species in the preceding functional area is multiplied by the biomass ratio of the corresponding demand species in the subsequent functional area and then summed to obtain the functional coupling strength value.

[0090] When the functional coupling strength value exceeds the coupling threshold range, the difference between the biomass ratio of each productive species in the preceding functional area and the biomass ratio of the corresponding demand species in the subsequent functional area is calculated item by item, and the type of substance with the largest absolute value of the difference is determined as the regulation target.

[0091] The regulation type of the target is determined, and the corresponding species in each functional zone are adaptively adjusted. The species to be reduced are moved to spatial locations with sufficient nutrient supply in each functional zone. The population density data and water quality index data of each ecological functional zone are updated. The above calculation is repeated until all functional coupling strength values ​​are within the coupling threshold range, forming a self-sustaining ecological chain network.

[0092] During the monitoring and regulation of ecological functional zones, technicians need to deploy monitoring equipment in each zone, including installing online water quality multi-parameter monitors, dissolved oxygen sensors, and setting up biological sampling points. The monitoring equipment is evenly distributed according to the area of ​​the functional zone, with a spacing of approximately 1000 m². 2 Three monitoring points were set up in the water area to ensure the representativeness of the data collection. The sampling cycle was set to a complete sampling every seven days, and the sampling time was selected between 6:00 am and 8:00 am, when the water condition is relatively stable.

[0093] In the species population density collection phase, technicians combined net cage harvesting with underwater video counting. For plankton, 0.03mm aperture plankton nets were used to trawle and sample the surface, middle, and bottom layers of the water. Each sampling point was trawled for ten minutes. The collected samples were counted under a laboratory microscope, recording the number of individuals of each species per liter of water. For larger organisms such as fish, fixed observation areas were set up within the functional zone, and underwater high-definition cameras were used to continuously record video for thirty minutes. Image recognition technology was used to count the number of individuals of different species, and the biomass was calculated by combining this data with actual weight data from net cage harvesting, expressed in kg / m³. 3 .

[0094] Water quality indicators are measured using standardized testing procedures. Dissolved oxygen concentration is read in real time using an electrochemical sensor, with a numerical accuracy of 0.01 mg / L. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations are measured by collecting water samples and sending them to the laboratory. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus content are determined using spectrophotometry, with a detection range of 0.01-50 mg / L. Organic carbon concentration is measured using a high-temperature combustion oxidation method. After acidification pretreatment, the water sample is injected into the analytical instrument to obtain specific values ​​for dissolved and particulate organic carbon. All monitoring data is transmitted in real time to a central data processing system, establishing a complete data record including timestamps, location coordinates, and measured values.

[0095] In the calculation of functional coupling strength, the species in each functional zone are classified by metabolic type. Oxygen-producing species include various phytoplankton and submerged plants, and their label parameter is the daily oxygen production per unit biomass, ranging from 0.5 to 3 g oxygen / kg biomass. Nitrogen-fixing species, such as cyanobacteria and rhizobium symbiotic systems, are labeled by the daily nitrogen fixation, with typical values ​​ranging from 0.1 to 0.8 g nitrogen / kg biomass. Organic matter decomposing species include various bacteria and benthic animals, and their label parameter is the daily organic carbon degradation, varying between 1 and 10 g carbon / kg biomass.

[0096] In a specific monitoring case, the biomass of phytoplankton in a certain preceding functional zone was measured to be 80 kg, accounting for 40% of the total biomass of the functional zone. Its oxygen production label value was 2 grams of oxygen per kg of biomass per day. The biomass of submerged plants was 60 kg, accounting for 30%, and its oxygen production label value was 1.5 grams of oxygen per kg of biomass per day. The total biomass of the functional zone was 200 kg. The weighted biomass percentage of oxygen-producing species was obtained by multiplying the biomass percentage of each species by its oxygen production label value and then summing the results. The value was 0.165.

[0097] The adjacent subsequent functional zones contain oxygen-consuming species including omnivorous fish and benthic mollusks. The biomass of omnivorous fish is 50 kg, accounting for 33.3% of the total biomass of 150 kg in this zone, with an oxygen demand label of 3 g of oxygen per kg of biomass per day. The biomass of benthic mollusks is 40 kg, accounting for 26.7%, with an oxygen demand label of 2.5 g of oxygen per kg of biomass per day. The weighted biomass percentage of oxygen-consuming species is calculated to be 0.167.

[0098] The functional coupling strength value is calculated by matching the weighted proportion of oxygen-producing species in the preceding functional zone with the weighted proportion of oxygen-consuming species in the subsequent functional zone. In this case, the coupling strength value for oxygen is the product of 0.165 and 0.167, which is 0.0276. The preset coupling threshold range is 0.02 to 0.04, and this value is within a reasonable range. However, in terms of nitrogen cycling, the weighted proportion of nitrogen-fixing species in the preceding functional zone is 0.08, and the weighted proportion of nitrogen-demanding filter-feeding fish in the subsequent functional zone is 0.15, with a coupling strength value of 0.012, which is lower than the lower threshold of 0.015, indicating insufficient nitrogen supply.

[0099] The supply and demand difference for each substance type was calculated item by item. The absolute value of the difference for nitrogen was 0.07, for carbon it was 0.03, and for oxygen it was 0.002. Nitrogen had the largest difference and was identified as the target for regulation. It was determined that this type of regulation was a supply-deficient type. It is necessary to increase the biomass proportion of nitrogen-fixing species in the preceding functional area and at the same time appropriately reduce the density of nitrogen-demanding species in the subsequent functional area.

[0100] During the control and implementation phase, technicians introduced nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria into the preceding functional area at an inoculation rate of 5 grams of dry weight per cubic meter of water. It was estimated that the biomass would reach 30 grams per cubic meter after 30 days. At the same time, 20% of the filter-feeding fish in the subsequent functional area were relocated to other functional areas. The relocation targets were sub-adults weighing between 0.2 and 0.5 kg. The relocation target area was a eutrophic buffer zone with a high nutrient concentration, with a total nitrogen concentration of 3 to 5 mg / L and a total phosphorus concentration of 0.5 to 1 mg / L, which could provide sufficient food sources for the relocated species. The relocation operation used oxygenated transport boxes, and the transportation time was controlled within 2 hours. After arriving at the target area, the fish were temporarily held in net cages for 72 hours for acclimatization observation.

[0101] After the regulation is completed, the monitoring data of each functional area is updated. The proportion of nitrogen-fixing species in the preceding functional area increases to 15%, while the proportion of nitrogen-demanding species in the subsequent functional area decreases to 11%. The functional coupling strength value of nitrogen type is recalculated to reach 0.0165, which is within the threshold range. The other adjacent functional areas are then fully scanned and calculated to ensure that the coupling strength value of all material circulation channels reaches the preset standard, ultimately forming a self-sustaining ecological chain network structure with smooth material flow and efficient energy transfer.

[0102] In one optional implementation, utilizing the moisture conditions of the water unit, a microbial cultivation layer is laid out in the surrounding area, and the inoculation ratio of saprophytic microorganisms is calculated. The conversion amount of soil organic matter is calculated based on the microbial population density and decomposition rate, including:

[0103] The water level of the water area unit and the permeability coefficient of the permeable transition layer are measured, and the lateral diffusion distance of water is calculated. The soil moisture distribution is measured within the diffusion distance range.

[0104] Collect forest tending residues and litter, determine the total carbon content, total nitrogen content, cellulose content and lignin content, and calculate the carbon-nitrogen ratio. Based on the difference between the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the carbon-nitrogen requirement range of saprophytic microorganisms, determine the amount of carbon source supplementation or nitrogen source supplementation.

[0105] The density of native microbial populations in forest soil was determined. Combined with the carbon-nitrogen ratio, the total mass of residues and litter, and the ratio of cellulose content to lignin content, the inoculation mass of saprophytic microbial agents was calculated, and the ratio of this mass to the total mass was used as the inoculation ratio.

[0106] After crushing the residue and fallen material, mix it with the amount of carbon source supplementation or nitrogen source supplementation, add saprophytic microbial inoculant according to the inoculation ratio, and lay it in a location where the soil moisture is greater than the set threshold to form a microbial cultivation layer.

[0107] The population density of saprophytic microorganisms in the microbial culture layer was determined. The total decomposition rate of the culture layer was calculated by combining the cellulose content, lignin content, and decomposition rate per unit microorganism. The result was multiplied by the carbon conversion coefficient and the time interval to obtain the amount of soil organic matter converted.

[0108] During the implementation of the microbial cultivation layer deployment around the water unit, technicians need to continuously monitor the water level twice daily, at 8:00 AM and 4:00 PM. A combination of a water level gauge and a pressure gauge is used for double verification to ensure measurement accuracy down to the millimeter level. Simultaneously, the permeability coefficient of the permeable transition layer is measured on-site. Three test holes, 15 cm in diameter and 30 cm deep, are excavated on the surface of the permeable transition layer. A fixed amount of water is injected into the holes, and the rate of water level drop is recorded. The permeability coefficient is obtained by dividing the water level change by the time interval and then by the cross-sectional area of ​​the water passage. When the water level is 1.2 m and the permeability coefficient of the permeable transition layer is 0.005 cm / s, the lateral diffusion distance of water is calculated by multiplying the water level by the permeability coefficient, then multiplying by a time factor and a topographic correction factor. This diffusion distance can reach the range of 8-12 m.

[0109] Soil moisture distribution was measured within a defined diffusion distance. One monitoring point was set every 2m outward from the edge of the water unit. Soil moisture sensors were buried at three depths below the surface: 10cm, 20cm, and 30cm. The monitoring data showed that the soil moisture content was 35%-40% within 3m of the water unit, 28%-35% within 3-6m, and 20%-28% within 6-10m. Based on the moisture distribution data, contour maps were drawn to clarify the boundary locations of different moisture areas.

[0110] The collection of forest tending residues and litter was carried out in the forest area. The collected materials included branches from pruning, small-diameter timber from thinning, naturally fallen leaves, and bark debris, with a total collection of 500 kg. The collected samples were sent to the laboratory for component analysis. The total carbon content was determined to be 45.3% using an elemental analyzer, and the total nitrogen content was determined to be 1.8% using the Kjeldahl method. The carbon-nitrogen ratio was 25.2 obtained by dividing the total carbon content by the total nitrogen content. The cellulose content was determined to be 32.5% using the Van der Waals method, and the lignin content was determined to be 18.7% using the acid washing method. The ratio of cellulose content to lignin content was 1.74.

[0111] Saprophytic microorganisms require a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 15-25. When the measured carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is 25.2, it exceeds the upper limit of the suitable range by 0.2 units, requiring the addition of nitrogen source to reduce the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. The amount of nitrogen source to be added is calculated by multiplying the difference in carbon-to-nitrogen ratio by the total mass and then dividing by the nitrogen content in the nitrogen source. When urea is used as the nitrogen source, the nitrogen content of urea is 46%, and the required urea mass is 2.2 kg. Mixing this amount with a total mass of 500 kg will adjust the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio to 23.8.

[0112] The density of native microbial populations in forest soil was determined using the dilution plate count method. 50g of topsoil sample was taken, dissolved in sterile water to prepare a suspension, serially diluted, and then plated onto culture plates. After incubation for 72 hours in a constant temperature incubator, the number of colonies was counted. The results showed a bacterial count of 3.2 × 10⁻⁶. 7 / g soil, fungal count is 1.5×10 5 / g soil, actinomycete count was 6.8×10 6 The calculation of the inoculation mass of saprophytic microbial agents per gram of soil requires comprehensive consideration of multiple parameters such as the primary microbial population, substrate carbon-nitrogen ratio, total mass, and cellulose-lignin ratio. When the primary microbial density is low, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is high, the total mass is large, and the cellulose-lignin ratio is small, the inoculation amount needs to be increased. In this implementation case, the inoculation mass of the agent is calculated to be 15 kg. The ratio of this inoculation mass to the total mass of 500 kg is 3%, and this ratio is the inoculation ratio.

[0113] The remaining materials and fallen leaves were pulverized using a mobile pulverizer. Branches, small-diameter timber, and other woody materials were pulverized to a particle diameter of less than 5 cm, while leaves and bark were pulverized to a particle diameter of less than 2 cm. The pulverized materials were then thoroughly mixed with 2.2 kg of urea. The mixing process was carried out using mechanical stirring for 20 minutes to ensure uniform distribution. 15 kg of saprophytic microbial inoculant was added at a 3% inoculation ratio. This inoculant is a compound inoculant containing multiple functional bacterial groups, including cellulose-decomposing bacteria, lignin-degrading bacteria, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, with a viable bacteria count of no less than 10 per gram of inoculant. 8 indivual.

[0114] The microbial cultivation layer is laid in areas with soil moisture greater than 25%. Based on the previous moisture monitoring results, the laying range is determined to be 0-8m away from the edge of the water unit. The laying thickness is controlled at 15-20cm. During the laying process, the material is kept loose and breathable to avoid excessive compaction that may affect the activity of microorganisms. After the laying is completed, a 5cm thick layer of original soil is covered on the surface to retain moisture and heat, and to promote the rapid colonization and reproduction of microorganisms.

[0115] The population density of saprophytic microorganisms in the culture layer was measured on days 7, 14, and 21 after laying, using the same method as for the determination of native microorganism density. The result on day 21 showed that the bacterial count reached 5.6 × 10⁻⁶. 8 / g of material, the number of fungi reached 8.3×10 6 / g material, the decomposition rate of cellulose by each microorganism is 0.002μg per hour per bacterium and 0.015μg per hour per fungus, and the decomposition rate of lignin is 0.001μg per hour per bacterium and 0.008μg per hour per fungus. The total decomposition rate of the culture layer is calculated by multiplying the number of microorganisms by the unit decomposition rate and then by the substrate content. In this case, the total daily decomposition rate is 3.5kg. Multiplying the total decomposition rate by the carbon conversion factor of 0.58 and then by the 30-day time interval, the soil organic matter conversion amount is 60.9kg. This conversion amount can effectively improve the soil fertility level.

[0116] In one optional implementation, based on the conversion amount, the change in soil saturated water holding capacity and the reduction in surface combustibles are calculated to establish a dynamic balance between water supply, microbial metabolic activity, and forest soil physicochemical properties, including:

[0117] The soil organic matter content, bulk density, and porosity were measured before and after the microbial cultivation layer was laid. The organic matter increment was calculated in combination with the conversion amount. Based on the power function relationship between organic matter and the proportion of aggregate structure, the porosity change was calculated and multiplied by the capillary porosity coefficient and the soil layer thickness to obtain the saturated water holding capacity change.

[0118] Based on the surface combustible load before the microbial cultivation layer is laid, the surface layer, semi-decomposition layer and humic layer are divided in the vertical direction, and the density of each layer is measured. Combined with the conversion amount, coverage area and layer density, the combustible reduction amount is calculated.

[0119] The real-time water level of the water unit, the permeability flux of the permeable transition layer, and the evapotranspiration of the surrounding area are measured. The control amount is calculated based on the difference between the real-time water level and the set water level to obtain the water supply amount. A transfer function is established in combination with soil moisture. The substrate consumption rate and enzyme activity of the microbial culture layer are measured. The metabolic activity index is calculated in combination with temperature.

[0120] Soil moisture in the transfer function is used as the input of the metabolic activity index, and the metabolic activity index is used as the driving factor of the rate of change of soil parameters. Soil organic matter content is fed back to the calculation of saturated water holding capacity to construct a closed-loop equation. When the iterative rate of change of each variable in the closed-loop equation is less than the convergence threshold, it is confirmed that an equilibrium state has been reached.

[0121] Before setting up the microbial culture layer, 20 sampling points were evenly selected within the target area using the ring cutter method. Soil samples were drilled to a depth of 30 cm from each sampling point. The collected soil samples were sent to the laboratory, where the soil organic matter content was determined using the potassium dichromate external heating method. The initial organic matter content was found to be 23 g / kg soil. Simultaneously, the soil bulk density was determined using the drying method. The undisturbed soil samples obtained from the ring cutter were dried to constant weight at 105℃, and the initial bulk density was measured to be 1.42 g / cm³. 3 Soil porosity was determined using the saturation method. Soil samples were soaked in water until fully saturated, and the pore volume was obtained by calculating the difference between the solid phase volume and the total volume. The initial porosity was measured to be 46.5%.

[0122] Six months after the microbial culture layer was set up and operated, soil sampling and testing were repeated at the same location. At this time, the soil organic matter content increased to 35 g / kg soil, and the bulk density decreased to 1.35 g / cm³. 3 The porosity increased to 52.8%. Based on the actual conversion rate of surface combustibles by microorganisms being 1.8 kg / m³,... 2 Based on a soil layer thickness of 30cm and a treatment area of ​​500m² 2 The organic matter increment was calculated to be 12 g / kg soil. By consulting the soil physical property database, it was found that under the soil type conditions of this region, every 10 g increase in organic matter content corresponds to a 0.68-fold increase in the proportion of aggregate structure. Substituting the organic matter increment into this power function, it was calculated that the proportion of aggregate structure increased from 31% to 44.3%, and thus the porosity change was determined to be 6.3%.

[0123] In this soil type, the proportion of pores with capillary action in the total pore volume is approximately 0.72. Multiplying the porosity change value of 6.3% by the capillary porosity coefficient of 0.72 yields an effective capillary porosity change value of 4.54%. Multiplying this value by the soil layer thickness of 30 cm gives a change in saturated water holding capacity per unit area of ​​1.36 cm water depth / m. 2 This translates to a volume of 13.6 L / m³. 2 .

[0124] In the calculation of surface combustible material reduction, a detailed survey of surface litter was conducted before the deployment of the microbial cultivation layer. Ten 1m quadrats were randomly set up in the treatment area using the quadrat method. 2 The sample plots were used to collect all surface combustibles, which were then layered and bagged according to their vertical distribution. The surface layer consisted of fresh, undecomposed or slightly decomposed litter, mainly including recently fallen branches and leaves, with a thickness of approximately 3-5 cm and an average density of 85 kg / m³. 3 The semi-decomposed layer lies below the surface layer. While the litter has undergone significant decomposition, its original form is still discernible. It is approximately 5-8 cm thick and has an average density of 130 kg / m³. 3 The humus layer is a highly decomposed organic matter layer, which has turned dark brown to black, with a thickness of about 3-6 cm and an average density of 170 kg / m³. 3 .

[0125] Based on the actual conversion rate of surface combustibles by the microbial cultivation layer of 1.8 kg / m³ 2 Combined with treatment covering an area of ​​500m 2 The total conversion amount reached 900 kg. The microbial degradation activity was mainly concentrated in the semi-decomposition layer and the humic layer, with the semi-decomposition layer accounting for 55% of the conversion amount and the humic layer accounting for 45%. Based on this proportion, the reduction amount of the semi-decomposition layer was 495 kg and the reduction amount of the humic layer was 405 kg. Combining the density data of each layer, the average reduction thickness of the semi-decomposition layer was calculated to be 0.76 cm and the average reduction thickness of the humic layer was 0.48 cm.

[0126] The water area unit is equipped with an ultrasonic water level gauge to monitor water level data in real time and transmit it to the control system hourly. Monitoring data shows that the water level fluctuated between 1.8 and 2.3 meters during the observation period, while the target water level set according to ecological function requirements was 2.1 meters. When the real-time water level falls below the set level, the control system calculates the difference and initiates a water replenishment procedure. The permeable transition layer uses a porous medium material with a permeability coefficient of 0.003 cm / s. Infiltration flux is monitored by an array of buried soil moisture sensors, and the measured average daily infiltration flux is 3.2 L / m². 2 .

[0127] The meteorological station simultaneously monitors evapotranspiration data from the surrounding area, including parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and radiation intensity. Based on the Penman equation, the average daily evapotranspiration is calculated to be 5.7 L / m³. 2 The water replenishment to the water area unit through the control system must simultaneously meet the consumption of infiltration and evapotranspiration. When the water level is detected to be 0.15m below the set value, the water replenishment valve is automatically opened. The single adjustment amount is the total area of ​​the water area unit multiplied by the water level difference, i.e., the replenishment amount is 15m³. 3 Based on a comprehensive consideration of osmotic flux, evapotranspiration, and replenishment, the effective water supply to the microbial culture layer was determined to be 8.9 L / m². 2 ·d.

[0128] Soil moisture sensors were embedded within the microbial cultivation layer at monitoring depths of 5cm, 15cm, and 25cm. The sensors used frequency domain reflectance to determine soil volumetric water content. Real-time data was transmitted wirelessly to a data acquisition terminal. A transfer function relationship between water supply and soil moisture was established. When the water supply was 8.9 L / m³... 2 At time d, the corresponding soil volumetric moisture content is stable between 35% and 40%. This transfer function takes into account factors such as soil texture, pore structure and root distribution. The transfer coefficient is 0.42 obtained by fitting three months of continuous monitoring data.

[0129] Microbial metabolic activity was assessed using two indicators: substrate consumption rate and enzyme activity. A respiration measurement device was embedded in the microbial culture layer to monitor the CO2 release rate and assess substrate consumption. The average daily substrate consumption rate was measured to be 4.5 g organic carbon / kg microbial culture substrate. Simultaneously, samples from the culture layer were collected for enzyme activity determination, with a focus on cellulase, lignin peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities. The measured cellulase activity was 0.8 mg / g substrate·h, lignin peroxidase activity was 0.3 mg / g substrate·h, and polyphenol oxidase activity was 0.5 mg / g substrate·h.

[0130] Temperature sensors synchronously record the temperature changes of the microbial culture layer. The average daily temperature is 22℃. Based on the temperature-dependent characteristics of microbial metabolism, 20℃ is used as the reference temperature. For every 1℃ increase in temperature, the metabolic activity increases by 0.08 times. The metabolic activity index is calculated by comprehensively considering the substrate consumption rate, enzyme activity, and temperature correction coefficient. This index reflects the overall metabolic capacity of the microbial community under the current environmental conditions.

[0131] By using the soil moisture value of 37.5% output from the transfer function as the input variable for calculating the metabolic activity index, a dynamic relationship between the two was established. The metabolic activity index further drives the rate of change of soil parameters, including the rate of organic matter accumulation, the rate of decrease in bulk density, and the rate of increase in porosity. Changes in soil organic matter content, in turn, feed back into the calculation results of saturated water holding capacity, forming a closed-loop regulation mechanism. Through iterative calculations over 120 consecutive days, when the rate of change in soil moisture decreased to 0.02% / d, the rate of change in metabolic activity index decreased to 0.005 / d, and the rate of change in saturated water holding capacity decreased to 0.003 L / m³. 2 When ·d, it is determined that the iterative change rate of each variable in the system is less than the set convergence threshold of 0.05%, confirming that the water supply, microbial metabolic activity and forest soil physicochemical properties have reached a dynamic equilibrium.

[0132] This invention provides a forest micro-water source community construction system based on the ecological chain, comprising:

[0133] The first unit is used to select areas with natural water collection conditions based on forest topography characteristics, and to construct water units with layered impermeable structures within the areas. The bottom area of ​​the water unit is provided with an impermeable layer to achieve water collection function, and the edge area is provided with a permeable transition layer to form a water-land gradient environment.

[0134] The second unit is used to divide the water area into multiple ecological functional zones based on the water depth gradient and spatial location from the center of the water area, and to introduce species that match the ecological function of the zone.

[0135] The third unit is used to monitor the population density and water quality indicators of species in each ecological functional zone, and dynamically adjust the species ratio and spatial layout between adjacent ecological functional zones based on the functional relationship of the species in material cycling and energy transfer, so as to form a self-sustaining ecological chain network.

[0136] The fourth unit is used to deploy a microbial cultivation layer in the surrounding area using the water conditions of the water unit, calculate the inoculation ratio of saprophytic microorganisms, calculate the conversion amount of soil organic matter based on the microbial population density and decomposition rate, calculate the change value of soil saturated water holding capacity and the reduction amount of surface combustibles based on the conversion amount, and establish a dynamic balance relationship between water supply, microbial metabolic activity and forest soil physicochemical properties.

[0137] A third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising:

[0138] processor;

[0139] Memory used to store processor-executable instructions;

[0140] The processor is configured to invoke instructions stored in the memory to execute the aforementioned method.

[0141] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the aforementioned method.

[0142] This invention can be a method, apparatus, system, and / or computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions loaded thereon for performing various aspects of the invention.

[0143] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing forest micro-water source communities based on the ecological chain, characterized in that, include: Based on the forest topography, select areas with natural water collection conditions, and construct water units with layered impermeable structures within these areas. The bottom area of ​​the water unit is provided with an impermeable layer to achieve water collection, and the edge area is provided with a permeable transition layer to form a water-land gradient environment. Based on the water depth gradient and spatial location from the center of the water area, the water area is divided into multiple ecological functional zones, and species that match the ecological function of the zone are introduced. By monitoring the population density and water quality indicators of species within each ecological functional zone, and based on the functional relationships of these species in material cycling and energy transfer, the species ratio and spatial layout between adjacent ecological functional zones are dynamically adjusted to form a self-sustaining ecological chain network, including: Species population density and biomass were collected in each ecological functional zone, and dissolved oxygen concentration, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration and organic carbon concentration were measured to obtain water quality index data. The metabolic type labels of each species in the preceding functional area are extracted and combined with the nutrient acquisition type labels of each species in the subsequent functional area. The biomass ratio of each productive species in the preceding functional area is multiplied by the biomass ratio of the corresponding demand species in the subsequent functional area and then summed to obtain the functional coupling strength value. When the functional coupling strength value exceeds the coupling threshold range, the difference between the biomass ratio of each productive species in the preceding functional area and the biomass ratio of the corresponding demand species in the subsequent functional area is calculated item by item, and the type of substance with the largest absolute value of the difference is determined as the regulation target. Determine the type of regulation for the target species and make adaptive adjustments to the corresponding species in each functional zone. The species to be reduced will be moved to spatial locations with sufficient nutrient supply in different functional zones. Update the population density data and water quality index data of each ecological functional zone. Repeat the above calculations until all functional coupling strength values ​​are within the coupling threshold range, forming a self-sustaining ecological chain network. Using the water conditions of the water unit, a microbial cultivation layer is set up in the surrounding area, and the inoculation ratio of saprophytic microorganisms is calculated. The conversion amount of soil organic matter is calculated based on the microbial population density and decomposition rate. Based on the conversion amount, the change value of soil saturated water holding capacity and the reduction of surface combustibles are calculated, and a dynamic balance relationship between water supply, microbial metabolic activity and forest soil physicochemical properties is established.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the forest topography, areas with natural water collection conditions are selected. Within these areas, water units with layered impermeable structures are constructed. The bottom area of ​​each water unit has an impermeable layer to achieve water collection, while the edge areas have permeable transition layers to create a water-land gradient environment. This includes: Obtain a digital elevation model of the forest area, extract the valley network and watershed boundaries, calculate the upstream catchment area and topographic humidity index of each valley node, obtain the runoff collection potential of each node, and screen candidate nodes with runoff collection potential higher than a preset threshold. Calculate the distance from each candidate node to the nearest forest fire prevention road, the distance to the dense forest stand area, and the slope elevation. Construct a spatial accessibility score using the two distance indicators and one elevation indicator. Select the node with the highest spatial accessibility score as the center point of the water unit. Based on the center point, excavate downwards to the set depth, lay a clay compaction layer and a flexible impermeable membrane to form a double impermeable layer in the bottom area, lay a mixed layer of gravel and humus in the middle area to form a semi-permeable layer, lay a mixed layer of crushed stone and dead branches and leaves in the upper area to form a permeable layer, and pile natural stones in the bank slope area to form a porous structure. An overflow outlet is provided at the edge of the double impermeable layer. The elevation of the overflow outlet corresponds to the junction of the middle and upper parts of the excavation depth. When the water level exceeds the elevation of the overflow outlet, the excess water is discharged through the overflow outlet.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the water depth gradient and spatial location from the center of the water unit, the water unit is divided into multiple ecological functional zones, and species matching the ecological function of each zone are introduced, including: Within the water area unit, depth measuring points are arranged along multiple radial lines from the center point to the edge. The water depth value of each depth measuring point and the radial distance from the depth measuring point to the center point are calculated to establish the spatial distribution relationship between the water depth value and the radial distance. Based on the spatial distribution relationship, the water area units are divided into the following categories according to water depth from deep to shallow: water purification zone, underwater photosynthesis zone, phreatic habitat zone, emergent plant zone, water-land transition zone, and shoreline shelter zone. The water depth threshold corresponding to the boundary of each functional zone is determined according to the water depth adaptation range of the target species in that functional zone. Following a reverse introduction sequence from the shoreline to the center of the water, corresponding species are introduced for each functional zone. Shrubs or herbaceous plants that provide shelter for terrestrial animals are introduced in the shoreline shelter zone. Moisture-tolerant transitional plant species with well-developed root systems are introduced in the water-land transition zone. Plant species with roots anchored to the bottom and stems and leaves extending above the water surface are introduced in the emergent plant zone. Plant species that provide habitat structures for aquatic animals are introduced in the submerged habitat zone. Submerged photosynthetic plant species are introduced in the underwater photosynthetic zone. Benthic species with filter-feeding purification capabilities are introduced in the water purification zone.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Utilizing the moisture conditions of the aforementioned water unit, a microbial cultivation layer is established in the surrounding area, and the inoculation ratio of saprophytic microorganisms is calculated. Based on the microbial population density and decomposition rate, the conversion amount of soil organic matter is calculated, including: The water level of the water area unit and the permeability coefficient of the permeable transition layer are measured, and the lateral diffusion distance of water is calculated. The soil moisture distribution is measured within the diffusion distance range. Collect forest tending residues and litter, determine the total carbon content, total nitrogen content, cellulose content and lignin content, and calculate the carbon-nitrogen ratio. Based on the difference between the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the carbon-nitrogen requirement range of saprophytic microorganisms, determine the amount of carbon source supplementation or nitrogen source supplementation. The density of native microbial populations in forest soil was determined. Combined with the carbon-nitrogen ratio, the total mass of residues and litter, and the ratio of cellulose content to lignin content, the inoculation mass of saprophytic microbial agents was calculated, and the ratio of this mass to the total mass was used as the inoculation ratio. After crushing the residue and fallen material, mix it with the amount of carbon source supplementation or nitrogen source supplementation, add saprophytic microbial inoculant according to the inoculation ratio, and lay it in a location where the soil moisture is greater than the set threshold to form a microbial cultivation layer. The population density of saprophytic microorganisms in the microbial culture layer was determined. Combined with the cellulose content, lignin content and the decomposition rate per unit microorganism, the total decomposition rate of the culture layer was calculated and multiplied by the carbon conversion coefficient and the time interval to obtain the amount of soil organic matter converted.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the aforementioned conversion amount, the changes in soil saturated water holding capacity and the reduction in surface combustibles are calculated, and a dynamic balance is established among water supply, microbial metabolic activity, and forest soil physicochemical properties, including: The soil organic matter content, bulk density, and porosity were measured before and after the microbial cultivation layer was laid. The organic matter increment was calculated in combination with the conversion amount. Based on the power function relationship between organic matter and the proportion of aggregate structure, the porosity change was calculated and multiplied by the capillary porosity coefficient and the soil layer thickness to obtain the saturated water holding capacity change. Based on the surface combustible load before the microbial cultivation layer is laid, the surface layer, semi-decomposition layer and humic layer are divided in the vertical direction, and the density of each layer is measured. Combined with the conversion amount, coverage area and layer density, the combustible reduction amount is calculated. The real-time water level of the water unit, the permeability flux of the permeable transition layer, and the evapotranspiration of the surrounding area are measured. The control amount is calculated based on the difference between the real-time water level and the set water level to obtain the water supply amount. A transfer function is established in combination with soil moisture. The substrate consumption rate and enzyme activity of the microbial culture layer are measured. The metabolic activity index is calculated in combination with temperature. Soil moisture in the transfer function is used as the input of the metabolic activity index, and the metabolic activity index is used as the driving factor of the rate of change of soil parameters. Soil organic matter content is fed back to the calculation of saturated water holding capacity to construct a closed-loop equation. When the iterative rate of change of each variable in the closed-loop equation is less than the convergence threshold, it is confirmed that an equilibrium state has been reached.

6. A forest micro-water source community construction system based on the ecological chain, used to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: The first unit is used to select areas with natural water collection conditions based on forest topography characteristics, and to construct water units with layered impermeable structures within the areas. The bottom area of ​​the water unit is provided with an impermeable layer to achieve water collection function, and the edge area is provided with a permeable transition layer to form a water-land gradient environment. The second unit is used to divide the water area into multiple ecological functional zones based on the water depth gradient and spatial location from the center of the water area, and to introduce species that match the ecological function of the zone. The third unit is used to monitor the population density and water quality indicators of species in each ecological functional zone, and dynamically adjust the species ratio and spatial layout between adjacent ecological functional zones based on the functional relationship of the species in material cycling and energy transfer, so as to form a self-sustaining ecological chain network. The fourth unit is used to deploy a microbial cultivation layer in the surrounding area using the water conditions of the water unit, calculate the inoculation ratio of saprophytic microorganisms, calculate the conversion amount of soil organic matter based on the microbial population density and decomposition rate, calculate the change value of soil saturated water holding capacity and the reduction amount of surface combustibles based on the conversion amount, and establish a dynamic balance relationship between water supply, microbial metabolic activity and forest soil physicochemical properties.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: processor; Memory used to store processor-executable instructions; The processor is configured to invoke instructions stored in the memory to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the method described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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