Superconducting quantum measurement and control-oriented multichannel HEMT amplifier power supply remote monitoring system

Abstract

The invention discloses a multichannel HEMT amplifier power supply remote monitoring system for superconducting quantum measurement and control, belongs to the field of superconducting quantum calculation measurement and control, and particularly comprises a remote monitoring board card integrating a power supply system and a control system. The power supply system is adapted to a power supply interface of the superconducting quantum measurement and control case, converts an input power supply into a required stable voltage through a two-stage architecture of a switching power supply and a linear voltage regulator, and supplies power to the multi-path HEMT power supply module; the control system performs data interaction with the upper computer and the measurement and control case through the communication unit, controls the DAC module to adjust the output of the power supply module through the MCU, collects power supply parameters in real time through the ADC module, eliminates long-distance transmission errors in combination with a built-in error compensation algorithm, and achieves accurate monitoring and feedback adjustment of the working state of the HEMT. The system has the characteristics of multiple channels, high precision and easy expansion, noise interference can be effectively suppressed, and the stability and signal fidelity of the system are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of superconducting quantum computing measurement and control, and particularly relates to a multi-channel HEMT amplifier power supply remote monitoring system for superconducting quantum measurement and control. BACKGROUND

[0002] In today's superconducting quantum computing process, the data signal output from the quantum chip has extremely low amplitude (usually less than -70 dBm), and usually, the data signal needs to be amplified by HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistors, microwave amplifiers working in low-temperature environment) before it can be further analyzed in the low-temperature layer, but due to the limited internal space of the refrigerator, the power supply system of the HEMT itself cannot be placed in the low-temperature environment, and there is a long link between the power supply system and the HEMT system. The signal output by the quantum chip is extremely sensitive to noise, and unstable power supply may introduce noise in the signal transmission process, which seriously affects the quantum computing result. Therefore, it is extremely important to monitor the power supply state of the HEMT system.

[0003] Although the commercial power supply system on the market has a relatively mature power supply state monitoring function, in order to consider universality, unnecessary costs are increased in terms of volume and function. In addition, the power supply unit and the monitoring system of these systems usually adopt a highly integrated design, which is difficult to be flexibly integrated with the existing superconducting quantum measurement and control system. The existing commercial system can only meet the daily use of small HEMT systems. However, with the continuous expansion of the scale of superconducting quantum computing, the demand for multi-channel, low-noise HEMT power supply and monitoring is increasing. Due to the inherent limitations in volume, integration and flexibility, it is difficult to deploy without interfering with the overall architecture of the existing measurement and control system, thereby hindering the development of the superconducting quantum measurement and control system. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a multi-channel HEMT amplifier power supply remote monitoring system for superconducting quantum measurement and control, which can realize remote, high-precision monitoring of multi-channel HEMT power supply based on the existing superconducting quantum measurement and control system architecture, and has good scalability and high integration.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: A multi-channel HEMT amplifier power supply remote monitoring system for superconducting quantum measurement and control, comprising a remote monitoring board card, the remote monitoring board card integrates a power supply system and a control system, the power supply system and the control system are signal connected, and together realize remote monitoring of multi-channel HEMT power supply. The power supply system is compatible with the power supply interface of the superconducting quantum measurement and control chassis, and can convert the power provided by the chassis into an adaptive voltage to power the functional chips of the monitoring system and at least one HEMT power module. The control system includes a control unit, a communication unit, a data acquisition module, and an output control module. The communication unit can interact with the superconducting quantum measurement and control chassis and the host computer to realize command transmission and data upload. The control unit and the output control module are connected to form a control link of "host computer ↔ communication unit ↔ control unit ↔ output control module ↔ HEMT power module". The acquisition module collects the power supply parameters of the HEMT power module in real time and transmits the collected data to the control unit. The control unit has a built-in error compensation algorithm to eliminate acquisition errors caused by long-distance transmission. When the power supply parameters are detected to be outside the predetermined range, the output of the HEMT power module is adjusted and abnormal information is generated and uploaded to the host computer through the communication unit. The control unit can also upload the processed collected data to the host computer through the communication unit, forming a sampling link of "collection module → control unit → communication unit → host computer".

[0006] Preferably, the power supply system adopts a 12V DC-DC switching power supply architecture, which converts the input voltage into multiple power sources through a PMIC chip. The power supply system uses a two-stage architecture of switching power supply and linear regulator to first boost the 12V power provided by the superconducting quantum measurement and control chassis to ±15V, and then reduce it to ±12V to power the HEMT power module.

[0007] Preferably, the power supply system board can embed up to five HEMT power modules, and each HEMT power module is signal-connected to the control unit.

[0008] Preferably, the superconducting quantum measurement and control chassis is an ez-Q Engine 2.0 chassis, and the remote monitoring board can be directly inserted into the chassis as a sub-unit.

[0009] Preferably, the communication unit interacts with the superconducting quantum measurement and control chassis via the UART protocol and transmits data to the host computer in real time via the UDP protocol; the control unit is connected to the acquisition module and the output control module respectively via the SPI protocol.

[0010] Preferably, the acquisition module is an ADC module; the output control module is a DAC module; and the control unit is an MCU.

[0011] Preferably, the linear regulator is an LDO linear regulator.

[0012] Preferably, the system channel capacity is expanded by increasing the number of remote monitoring boards.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention achieves a high degree of integration with the superconducting quantum measurement and control chassis through a modular remote monitoring board and centralized control design of the MCU, avoiding the limitation of using a dedicated power supply and improving the system's versatility, scalability and module reusability.

[0014] 2. By adopting multi-channel high-precision data acquisition and error compensation algorithms, measurement errors caused by long-distance transmission are effectively eliminated, improving the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data.

[0015] 3. Through a real-time feedback adjustment mechanism, it can quickly respond to abnormal fluctuations in power supply parameters, suppress noise interference, improve the signal fidelity of the signal amplifier, and meet the requirements for long-term stable operation of the superconducting quantum system.

[0016] 4. The system has a flexible structure and can easily expand the monitoring channels by increasing the number of boards to meet the ever-expanding needs of superconducting quantum computing. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the power supply system architecture of the remote monitoring board of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the control system architecture of the remote monitoring board of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a real-world application scenario of the remote monitoring board of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that these descriptions are for the purpose of aiding understanding the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0019] Example 1: Basic Multi-Channel Monitoring Configuration System hardware composition The multi-channel HEMT amplifier power supply remote monitoring system for superconducting quantum measurement and control in this embodiment has a core hardware component: a remote monitoring board. The remote monitoring board integrates the power supply system and the control system, and together with the superconducting quantum measurement and control chassis, the host computer, the HEMT power module, and the dilution refrigerator, it forms a complete monitoring link.

[0020] 1. Superconducting quantum measurement and control chassis: The ez-Q Engine 2.0 chassis is used as the installation carrier and power source for the remote monitoring board. It provides a highly stable 12V low-noise power supply and has its own platform communication unit to support communication and interaction with the remote monitoring board without the need for additional dedicated power supply equipment or communication modules.

[0021] 2. Remote monitoring board: Power Supply System: A 12V DC-DC switching power supply architecture is adopted, configured with a PMIC (Power Management Integrated Circuit) chip, switching power supply modules, and an LDO (Linear Regulator). The PMIC chip converts the 12V power input from the chassis into multiple adaptable voltages to power various functional chips in the control system (including MCU, ADC, DAC, communication units, etc.). The switching power supply module and LDO form a two-stage voltage regulation architecture, first boosting the 12V power supply to ±15V, and then stabilizing it at ±12V via the LDO to provide stable power to the HEMT power module. The single board design has five power module mounting slots, accommodating up to five HEMT power module daughter cards. Each daughter card connects to the control unit of the control system via a signal interface, such as... Figure 1 As shown.

[0022] The control system comprises a control unit, a communication unit, a data acquisition module, and an output control module. The control unit uses an MCU, the communication unit uses an FPGA, the data acquisition module is a high-precision ADC module, and the output control module is a DAC module. The MCU establishes bidirectional signal connections with both the ADC and DAC modules via the SPI protocol and interacts with the FPGA communication unit via the UART protocol. The FPGA communication unit connects to the platform communication unit of the ez-Q Engine 2.0 chassis via the UART protocol and establishes a real-time data transmission link with the host computer (a standard industrial control computer with customized monitoring software installed) via the UDP protocol. Figure 2 As shown.

[0023] 3. HEMT Power Module: Five HEMT-specific power module daughter cards with ±12V power supply are selected. Each daughter card is equipped with VG (gate voltage), VD (drain voltage) output interfaces and ID (drain current) detection interface. It is connected to the power supply system output terminal of the remote monitoring board through the power supply line, and is also connected to the acquisition interface of the ADC module and the control interface of the DAC module through the signal line.

[0024] 4. Dilution Cooler: Provides the cryogenic environment (4K cryogenic layer) required for HEMT operation. Its room temperature external interface is connected to the power output of the HEMT power module via a long power supply line to ensure a stable power supply to the HEMT within the cryogenic layer. The power supply line length is set to 5-10 meters depending on the actual deployment scenario.Figure 3 As shown.

[0025] System software and algorithm configuration 1. The host computer is equipped with customized monitoring software, which supports control command issuance, real-time display of power supply parameters, data storage, abnormal alarm and log query functions, and can display the working status of five HEMT power modules at the same time.

[0026] 2. The MCU incorporates a built-in compensation algorithm for conductor impedance. This algorithm is based on a pre-stored power supply line impedance model and combines it with the raw parameters acquired by the ADC module to calculate and eliminate voltage and current measurement errors caused by long-distance transmission (5-10 meters). It also includes built-in parameter threshold judgment logic, with preset normal operating ranges and accuracy requirements for the parameters: VD: 1V (allowable fluctuation ΔVD≤100mV), ID: 13mA (allowable fluctuation ΔID≤0.1mA), VG: automatically adjusted based on VD and ID (actual stable value approximately 1.7V, allowable fluctuation ΔVG≤100mV), used for real-time monitoring of whether parameters exceed the predetermined range and accuracy requirements.

[0027] 3. Communication Protocol Adaptation: The FPGA communication unit supports conversion between UART and UDP protocols, ensuring efficient transmission of control commands from the host computer through the control link of "host computer → UDP protocol → FPGA communication unit → UART protocol → MCU → SPI protocol → DAC module → HEMT power supply module," with a command transmission delay ≤10ms. Acquired data is uploaded through the sampling link of "HEMT power supply module → ADC module → SPI protocol → MCU → UART protocol → FPGA communication unit → UDP protocol → host computer," with a data sampling frequency set to 100Hz to meet real-time monitoring requirements. Figure 2 As shown.

[0028] Work process 1. System Startup: The remote monitoring board is directly inserted as a sub-unit into the corresponding slot of the ez-Q Engine 2.0 chassis, achieving automatic connection between the power supply interface and the communication interface; the host computer starts the monitoring software and sends initialization commands to the FPGA communication unit via UDP protocol. The FPGA communication unit forwards the commands to the MCU via UART protocol. The MCU controls the power supply system to start, the PMIC chip begins to power the various functional chips, the switching power supply and LDO work together to output ±12V voltage to the five-channel HEMT power modules, and the system enters standby mode. Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown.

[0029] 2. Parameter Configuration: The user inputs the target VD parameter (set to 1V) for each HEMT power module through the host computer monitoring software. The VG parameter does not require manual input; it is automatically adjusted by the system based on the real-time acquired values ​​of VD and ID. Control commands are sent to the MCU via the control link. The MCU sends control signals to the DAC module via the SPI protocol. The DAC module converts the digital signals into analog voltage signals, adjusting the output of each HEMT power module to stabilize VD at 1V, ID at approximately 13mA, and VG automatically adapt to approximately 1.7V. Figure 2 As shown.

[0030] 3. Real-time Monitoring: The ADC module acquires the VG, VD, and ID parameters of the five HEMT power modules in real time at a frequency of 100Hz. The raw data is transmitted to the MCU via the SPI bus. The MCU calls the compensation wire impedance algorithm to correct the error in the raw data, ensuring that the corrected parameters meet the accuracy requirements (ΔVD≤100mV, ΔID≤0.1mA, ΔVG≤100mV), eliminating the impedance influence of long-distance power supply lines. The corrected parameters are sent to the FPGA communication unit via the UART protocol, and then uploaded to the host computer via the UDP protocol. The host computer monitoring software displays the values ​​of each parameter in real time and stores them in the local database according to the timestamp. The storage period can be set from 1 hour to 72 hours. Figure 2 As shown.

[0031] 4. Feedback Adjustment: The MCU compares the acquired parameters with preset thresholds in real time. When it detects that a parameter of a certain module exceeds the predetermined range (e.g., VD deviates from 1V by more than 100mV, ID deviates from 13mA by more than 0.1mA, VG fluctuates by more than 100mV), it immediately sends an adjustment command to the DAC module via the SPI protocol. The DAC module fine-tunes the output voltage / current of that module to restore the parameters to the normal range and accuracy. Simultaneously, the MCU generates an anomaly log, including the anomaly occurrence time, module number, abnormal parameter value, and adjustment result, and uploads it to the host computer via the communication link. The host computer triggers an audible and visual alarm and records the log, facilitating subsequent troubleshooting by staff. Figure 2 As shown.

[0032] 5. System shutdown: The user sends a shutdown command through the host computer, the MCU controls the power supply system to stop outputting voltage, each functional chip is powered off in sequence, and the system is safely shut down.

[0033] Example 2: Expanding Channel Size Configuration When the scale of superconducting qubits increases and the number of HEMT channels needs to be increased, this system can expand the channels by increasing the number of remote monitoring boards, as detailed below: 1. Hardware Expansion: Insert the new remote monitoring cards into the empty slots of the ez-Q Engine 2.0 chassis. The hardware configuration of each card is completely identical to that of the cards in Example 1, and all support the connection of up to five HEMT power modules. The power supply and communication interfaces of the new cards automatically interface with the chassis's power supply system and platform communication unit via the chassis backplane, without requiring additional modifications to the chassis's hardware architecture or communication protocol. Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown.

[0034] 2. Software Adaptation: The host computer monitoring software supports the identification and management of multiple boards. After a new board is added and started, the FPGA communication unit automatically sends a device identification signal to the host computer. The host computer assigns an independent board number (such as "board 1" and "board 2") and adds a channel display area for the corresponding board to the monitoring interface, realizing centralized display and management of parameters of multiple boards.

[0035] 3. Collaborative Operation: Each remote monitoring board independently completes the power supply, parameter acquisition, and feedback adjustment of its connected HEMT power modules. Data synchronization between boards is achieved through the platform communication unit in the chassis. The host computer can issue unified global control commands (such as start / stop) and can also adjust the parameters of a specific module on a particular board individually, ensuring stability and independence when multiple boards work collaboratively. Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown.

[0036] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and these variations still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A remote monitoring system for power supply of a multi-channel HEMT amplifier for superconducting quantum measurement and control, characterized in that, It includes a remote monitoring board, which integrates a power supply system and a control system. The power supply system and the control system are connected by signals to jointly realize remote monitoring of multi-channel HEMT power supply. The power supply system is compatible with the power supply interface of the superconducting quantum measurement and control chassis, and can convert the power provided by the chassis into an adaptive voltage to power the functional chips of the monitoring system and at least one HEMT power module. The control system includes a control unit, a communication unit, a data acquisition module, and an output control module. The communication unit can interact with the superconducting quantum measurement and control chassis and the host computer to realize command transmission and data upload. The control unit and the output control module are connected to form a control link of "host computer ↔ communication unit ↔ control unit ↔ output control module ↔ HEMT power module". The acquisition module collects the power supply parameters of the HEMT power module in real time and transmits the collected data to the control unit. The control unit has a built-in error compensation algorithm to eliminate acquisition errors caused by long-distance transmission. When the power supply parameters are detected to be outside the predetermined range, the output of the HEMT power module is adjusted and abnormal information is generated and uploaded to the host computer through the communication unit. The control unit can also upload the processed collected data to the host computer through the communication unit, forming a sampling link of "collection module → control unit → communication unit → host computer".

2. The remote monitoring system for power supply of a multi-channel HEMT amplifier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply system adopts a 12V DC-DC switching power supply architecture. The input voltage is converted into multiple power supplies through a PMIC chip. The power supply system uses a two-stage architecture of switching power supply and linear regulator to first boost the 12V power supply provided by the superconducting quantum measurement and control chassis to ±15V, and then reduce it to ±12V to power the HEMT power module.

3. The remote monitoring system for power supply of a multi-channel HEMT amplifier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply system can embed up to five HEMT power modules on a single board, and each HEMT power module is connected to the control unit via a signal.

4. The remote monitoring system for power supply of a multi-channel HEMT amplifier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The superconducting quantum measurement and control chassis is the ez-Q Engine 2.0 chassis, and the remote monitoring board can be directly inserted into the chassis as a sub-unit.

5. The remote monitoring system for power supply of a multi-channel HEMT amplifier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication unit interacts with the superconducting quantum measurement and control chassis via the UART protocol and transmits data to the host computer in real time via the UDP protocol; the control unit is connected to the acquisition module and the output control module via the SPI protocol respectively.

6. The remote monitoring system for power supply of a multi-channel HEMT amplifier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition module is an ADC module; the output control module is a DAC module; and the control unit is an MCU.

7. The multi-channel HEMT amplifier power supply remote monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The linear regulator is an LDO linear regulator.

8. The remote monitoring system for power supply of a multi-channel HEMT amplifier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system channel size can be expanded by increasing the number of remote monitoring cards.

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