Black PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) dimming film and dimming glass
By doping liquid crystal molecules and dye molecules with positive dielectric anisotropy Δε into the PDLC dimming film, and combining it with a polarizer structure to adjust the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules, the problem of high haze in PDLC dimming films at wide viewing angles is solved, achieving a wide viewing angle and clear field of view, making it suitable for high-end applications.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202480045803.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-07-06
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-03
AI Technical Summary
In the existing technology, existing PDLC dimming films have problems of high haze and foggy white appearance at wide viewing angles, which affects the viewing experience and limits their application in high-end scenarios.
By doping liquid crystal molecules and dye molecules with positive dielectric anisotropy Δε into a polymer, and combining this with a polarizer structure, the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules when energized and de-energized can be adjusted to achieve a wide viewing angle and a clear field of view.
It significantly improves the viewing angle of PDLC dimming film, eliminates stray light and glare, provides a clearer field of view, and is suitable for high-end application scenarios.
Smart Images
Figure CN121464038A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of dimming film technology, and in particular to a black PDLC dimming film and dimming glass. Background Technology
[0002] The core layer of traditional PDLC liquid crystal dimming films is typically a mixture of polymer and liquid crystal. When an electric current is applied, the liquid crystal molecules align in the same direction along the electric field. Since the refractive indices of the polymer and liquid crystal are the same in this direction, there is no significant scattering, resulting in a relatively transparent state. However, because liquid crystal molecules exhibit anisotropic refractive indices while polymer molecules are isotropic, when viewing the liquid crystal film at an angle, the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules in the viewing direction will differ significantly from that of the polymer. This inevitably causes haze, resulting in a foggy, hazy, and unclear appearance. This leads to a narrow viewing angle, severely impacting the viewing experience and limiting its use in higher-end dimming scenarios. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The main objective of this application is to propose a black PDLC dimming film that significantly improves the problem of high haze when viewing traditional PDLC dimming films at wide viewing angles, significantly expands the viewing angle, and effectively eliminates stray light and glare, resulting in a clearer field of view.
[0004] Therefore, in one aspect, this application first proposes a black PDLC dimming film, comprising a first flexible substrate, a first conductive layer, a polymer liquid crystal layer, a second conductive layer, and a second flexible substrate stacked sequentially. The liquid crystal material in the polymer liquid crystal layer comprises liquid crystal molecules and dye molecules doped with a positive dielectric anisotropy Δε in a polymer. When the polymer liquid crystal layer is energized, the black PDLC dimming film is in a transparent state, and the transmittance of the black PDLC dimming film in the transparent state ranges from 10% to 70%. When the polymer liquid crystal layer is de-energized, the black PDLC dimming film is in a dark state, and the transmittance of the black PDLC dimming film in the dark state ranges from 0.5% to 10%. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the black PDLC dimming film ranges from 10 μm to 20 μm. The material of each of the first flexible substrate and the second flexible substrate is one of PI, PC, PET, COP, COC, and TAC.
[0005] In an embodiment, the black PDLC dimming film includes a white PDLC film and a first polarizer, the first polarizer being fixedly adhered to the first flexible substrate or the second flexible substrate; the black PDLC dimming film also includes a functional layer, the functional layer being adhered and fixed to the first polarizer, the functional layer having anti-rainbow, anti-scratch, anti-fingerprint, anti-reflection, and anti-infrared and anti-ultraviolet functions.
[0006] In an embodiment, the black PDLC dimming film further includes a second polarizer. The first polarizer and the second polarizer are fixedly attached to the same side of the polymer liquid crystal layer. The angle between the absorption axis of the first polarizer and the absorption axis of the second polarizer is in the range of 0-90 degrees. The first polarizer and the second polarizer are used to absorb part of the scattered light.
[0007] In this embodiment, the first conductive layer is disposed on the first polarizer, the second conductive layer is disposed on the second polarizer, and the layer structure of the black PDLC dimming film is, in sequence, a first polarizer, a first conductive layer, a polymer liquid crystal layer, a second conductive layer, and a second polarizer.
[0008] In an embodiment, the black PDLC dimming film further includes a heat insulation film, which is disposed between the first flexible substrate and the first polarizer or between the second flexible substrate and the second polarizer.
[0009] In this embodiment, both the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are transparent conductive layers.
[0010] This application also proposes a dimming glass, including the black PDLC dimming film of any of the above embodiments.
[0011] In one embodiment, the dimming glass comprises a first glass layer, a first adhesive layer, a black PDLC dimming film, a second adhesive layer, and a second glass layer stacked sequentially; the dimming glass is curved glass.
[0012] In one embodiment, the first glass layer is provided with an infrared-resistant coating for reflecting infrared rays.
[0013] In an embodiment, the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer comprise PVB material.
[0014] In one embodiment, the PVB material of the first adhesive layer contains a UV-absorbing material.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the technical solution of this application are as follows: 1. In this application, the liquid crystal material in the polymer liquid crystal layer is a polymer doped with liquid crystal molecules and dye molecules with positive dielectric anisotropy Δε. When the power is off, the liquid crystal molecules and dye molecules are randomly arranged in the polymer, and the refractive index of the mixture is different in all directions, exhibiting a highly scattered hazy state. Due to the presence of dye molecules, the hazy state at this time presents the color of the dye, such as hazy gray or hazy black. When the power is applied, the liquid crystal molecules drive the dye molecules, and their molecular long axis is perpendicular to the electric field direction and uniformly arranged parallel to the substrate surface. At this time, the dye molecules have the characteristics of a polarizer in the horizontal direction, that is, they can selectively pass light polarized in a specific direction and absorb scattered light polarized in other directions, so that the black PDLC dimming film presents a wide viewing angle and a clear field of view.
[0016] 2. This black PDLC dimming film incorporates a polarizer in the path of the light emitted from the polymer liquid crystal layer. The polarizer's structure approximates a filter, selectively allowing light with a specific polarization direction to pass through. This eliminates / blocks scattered light from other directions, significantly reducing haze caused by multi-directional scattering and resulting in a clearer, wider viewing angle. Simultaneously, the polarizer itself is grayish-black. The combination of two polarizers and the PDLC film overcomes the less sophisticated, hazy white appearance of traditional PDLC dimming films. In dark conditions, the transmittance is 1% to 6%, appearing even blacker, making it suitable for more advanced applications.
[0017] 3. The dimming glass in this application uses the black PDLC dimming film proposed in this application, which gives the glass excellent dimming function and allows it to be used as privacy glass. When the dimming film is in the dark, the transmittance of the glass is extremely low. In addition, the dimming glass in this application has been treated to prevent ultraviolet and infrared radiation, which can effectively protect the internal dimming film from damage caused by high-intensity infrared and ultraviolet radiation. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the black PDLC dimming film in Example 1.
[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the black PDLC dimming film in Example 2.
[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the layered structure of the black PDLC dimming film in Example 2.
[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the black PDLC dimming film in Example 3.
[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the black PDLC dimming film in Example 4.
[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the black PDLC dimming film in Example 5.
[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the black PDLC dimming film in Example 6.
[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dimming glass in Example 8.
[0026] Figure 9 This is a diagram of the liquid crystal structure within the polymer liquid crystal layer.
[0027] Figure 10 n is the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules in the direction perpendicular to the liquid crystal molecules. e The refractive index n is not equal to the horizontal direction. o The curve relationship diagram.
[0028] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the viewing effect of a traditional PDLC in transparent mode from different angles.
[0029] Figure 12 This is an optical circuit diagram of the current-carrying state of a dimming film with positive dielectric anisotropy Δε for liquid crystal molecules.
[0030] Figure 13 The optical circuit diagram of a dimming film in the off-state where the dielectric anisotropy Δε of the liquid crystal molecules is positive.
[0031] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the black PDLC dimming film in Example 9.
[0032] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the black PDLC dimming film in Example 10.
[0033] Explanation of annotations in the diagram: 10: Black PDLC dimming film; 101: First flexible substrate; 102: First conductive layer 103: Polymer liquid crystal layer; 104: Second conductive layer; 105: Second flexible substrate 200: First polarizer; 300: Second polarizer; 400: Functional layer. 500: Insulating film; 600: First glass layer; 700: First adhesive layer. 800: Second adhesive layer; 900: Second glass layer; 1031: Liquid crystal molecules 1032: Dye molecule Detailed Implementation The solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments in this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0034] Example 1 Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 , Figure 13 This embodiment proposes a black PDLC dimming film 10, comprising a first flexible substrate 101, a first conductive layer 102, a polymer liquid crystal layer 103, a second conductive layer 104, and a second flexible substrate 105 stacked sequentially. The liquid crystal material in the polymer liquid crystal layer 103 is a polymer doped with liquid crystal molecules 1031 and dye molecules 1032, both exhibiting positive dielectric anisotropy (Δε). Traditional PDLC dimming films typically use a polymer doped with simple liquid crystal molecules 1031 exhibiting positive dielectric anisotropy (Δε), where the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 1031 aligns parallel to the electric field direction when energized. The polymer is isotropic in refractive index, with a refractive index of n. p Liquid crystal molecules 1031 exhibit refractive index anisotropy, with the refractive index n in the perpendicular direction being... e The refractive index n is not equal to the horizontal direction. o At this time, the refractive index n in the vertical direction of the liquid crystal molecules is set to 1031. e equal to the refractive index n of the polymer p Therefore, when viewed perpendicular to the substrate surface, both have the same refractive index, resulting in a low-haze, transparent state. However, when viewed at an angle, the refractive index of liquid crystal molecule 1031 is between n... o and n e Between, and the refractive index n of the polymer p There are significant differences, thus exhibiting a scattering haze state.
[0035] In this embodiment, a dye liquid crystal molecule 1031 is proposed to be doped into a certain proportion of a polymer, wherein the dielectric anisotropy Δε of the liquid crystal molecule 1031 is positive, that is, when energized, the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule 1031 is parallel to the electric field direction and is arranged perpendicular to the substrate surface.
[0036] When the power is off, the liquid crystal molecules 1031 and dye molecules 1032 are randomly arranged in the polymer. The refractive index of the mixture is different in all directions, which manifests as a highly scattered hazy state. Due to the presence of dye molecules 1032, the hazy state at this time exhibits the color of the dye, such as hazy gray or hazy black.
[0037] When energized, liquid crystal molecules 1031 drive dye molecules 1032, whose molecular long axis is parallel to the electric field direction and uniformly arranged perpendicular to the substrate surface. At this time, dye molecules 1032 have the characteristics of a polarizer in the vertical direction, which can selectively pass light polarized in a specific direction and absorb scattered light polarized in other directions, so that the dye PDLC presents a wide viewing angle and a clear field of view.
[0038] When the polymer liquid crystal layer is powered on, the black PDLC dimming film is in a transparent state, and the transmittance of the black PDLC dimming film in the transparent state ranges from 10% to 70%. When the polymer liquid crystal layer is powered off, the black PDLC dimming film is in a dark state, and the transmittance of the black PDLC dimming film in the dark state ranges from 0.5% to 10%.
[0039] Example 2 Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 This embodiment proposes a black PDLC dimming film 10, comprising a first flexible substrate 101, a first conductive layer 102, a polymer liquid crystal layer 103, a second conductive layer 104, and a second flexible substrate 105 stacked sequentially. A first polarizer 200 and a second polarizer 300 are adhered and fixed to the side of the second flexible substrate 105 opposite to the polymer liquid crystal layer 103. The two polarizers are used to absorb part of the scattered light. The first flexible substrate 101, the first conductive layer 102, the polymer liquid crystal layer 103, the second conductive layer 104, the second flexible substrate 105, and the polarizers are all adhered and fixed using optical adhesive. The angle between the absorption axis of the first polarizer 200 and the absorption axis of the second polarizer is in the range of 0-90 degrees. In this embodiment, the angle between the absorption axis of the first polarizer 200 and the absorption axis of the second polarizer is set to 25 degrees.
[0040] The first conductive layer 102 and the second conductive layer 104 are made of ITO, and the first flexible substrate 101 and the second flexible substrate 105 are made of one of PI, PC, PET, COP, COC and TAC, with PET being the preferred material.
[0041] Please refer to Figure 11 , Figure 11This describes the viewing effect of traditional PDLC dimming films from different angles in their transparent state. The core layer of a traditional PDLC dimming film is typically a mixture of polymer and liquid crystal. When energized, the liquid crystal molecules 1031 align in the same direction along the electric field. In this direction, the polymer and liquid crystal have the same refractive index, resulting in no significant scattering and a relatively transparent appearance. However, because the liquid crystal molecules 1031 exhibit anisotropic refractive index while the polymer is isotropic, when viewed at an angle, the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules 1031 in the viewing direction will differ significantly from that of the polymer. This inevitably causes haze, resulting in a foggy, hazy, and unclear appearance with a narrow viewing angle, severely impacting the viewing experience and limiting its use in higher-end dimming scenarios.
[0042] Please refer to Figure 10 Polymers are isotropic in refractive index, and the refractive index of polymers is n. p Liquid crystal molecules 1031 exhibit refractive index anisotropy, with the refractive index n in the perpendicular direction being... e The refractive index n is not equal to the horizontal direction. o Typically, the horizontal refractive index n of liquid crystal molecules is set to 1031. o equal to the refractive index n of the polymer p Therefore, when viewed perpendicular to the substrate surface, both have the same refractive index, resulting in a low-haze, transparent state. However, when viewed at an angle, the refractive index of liquid crystal molecule 1031 is between n... o and n e Between, and the refractive index n of the polymer p There are significant differences, thus exhibiting a scattering haze state.
[0043] When the polymer liquid crystal layer 103 is viewed at an angle, the light is scattered due to the difference in refractive index between the liquid crystal and the polymer, resulting in a hazy appearance. Scattered light can be approximated as a collection of polarized light vibrating in multiple directions. By placing two polarizer layers along the path of the light emitted from the polymer liquid crystal layer 103, the structure of the polarizers can be approximated as filters, selectively allowing light to pass through in a specific polarization direction. This eliminates / blocks scattered light from other directions, significantly reducing the haze caused by multi-directional scattering and resulting in a clearer view. Furthermore, the polarizers themselves are grayish-black. The combination of these two elements overcomes the less sophisticated, hazy-white appearance of traditional PDLC dimming films, making them suitable for more advanced applications.
[0044] Example 3 Please refer to Figure 4This embodiment proposes a black PDLC dimming film 10, comprising a first flexible substrate 101, a first conductive layer 102, a polymer liquid crystal layer 103, a second conductive layer 104, and a first polarizer 200, stacked sequentially. In this embodiment, the second conductive layer 104 is directly disposed on the second polarizer 200, eliminating one flexible substrate layer compared to Embodiment 1. This effectively reduces the overall thickness of the dimming film and lowers manufacturing costs. Furthermore, eliminating the flexible substrate layer also effectively increases the film's transmittance; the absence of a structural layer reduces the impact on light passing through the film. In terms of manufacturing process, the second conductive layer 104 only needs to be deposited onto the first polarizer 200, significantly simplifying the process, reducing costs, and increasing manufacturing speed. The thinner dimming film can be applied to a wider range of scenarios.
[0045] Example 4 Please refer to Figure 5 This embodiment proposes a black PDLC dimming film 10, comprising a first polarizer 200, a first conductive layer 102, a polymer liquid crystal layer 103, a second conductive layer 104, and a second polarizer 300 stacked sequentially. The first conductive layer 102 and the second conductive layer 104 are respectively deposited on the first polarizer 200 and the second polarizer 300, and then the polymer liquid crystal layer 103 is sandwiched between the two conductive layers. In this embodiment, the dimming film essentially uses the polarizer directly as the substrate, which can adjust not only the viewing angle width but also the thickness of the dimming film. The use of two polarizers in this embodiment allows for better adjustment of the viewing angle range of the dimming film, providing more directional options.
[0046] Example 5 Please refer to Figure 6 This embodiment proposes a black PDLC dimming film 10, comprising a first flexible substrate 101, a first conductive layer 102, a polymer liquid crystal layer 103, a second conductive layer 104, a second flexible substrate 105, an insulating film (separator) 500 for heat insulation, and a second polarizer 300, stacked sequentially. The first flexible substrate 101 and the second flexible substrate 105 are made of PET material. Materials such as PI, PC, PET, COP, COC, and TAC exhibit non-uniform refractive indices, resulting in optical path differences in the transmitted light, which can easily interfere with the polarizer and create a rainbow effect. Therefore, in this embodiment, an insulating film 500 is added between the second flexible substrate 105 and the second polarizer 300. The insulating film 500 is an existing film that can be used directly. The insulating film 500 is a special material layer that can change the optical path difference. It can reduce the optical path difference, expand it beyond the visible light, or make the light with optical path difference become natural light with a uniform optical path difference distribution, so that the light reaching the polarizer layer does not produce interference, thereby eliminating interference rainbows.
[0047] Example 6 Please refer to Figure 7 This embodiment proposes a black PDLC dimming film 10, comprising a first flexible substrate 101, a first conductive layer 102, a polymer liquid crystal layer 103, a second conductive layer 104, a second flexible substrate 105, a second polarizer 300, and a functional layer 400, stacked sequentially. Multiple functional layers 400 can be disposed on the second polarizer 300. Each functional layer 400 can be a single functional structure or a combination of multiple functional structures, such as: 1. HC hardening layer: prevents scratches, with a hardness ranging from 0B to 10H; 2. AR anti-reflective layer: reduces surface reflection and increases blackness; 3. AF anti-fingerprint layer: prevents fingerprints and other stains from remaining on the surface; 4. UV and infrared protection layer; 5. Layers that enhance its functionality. It should be noted that the functional layers 400 are not limited to being disposed on the polarizer, but can also be disposed on the flexible substrates on both sides of the PDLC or on any structural layer.
[0048] Example 7 Please refer to Figure 9 , 12 13. This embodiment proposes a black PDLC dimming film 10, comprising a first flexible substrate 101, a first conductive layer 102, a polymer liquid crystal layer 103, a second conductive layer 104, and a second flexible substrate 105 stacked sequentially. A second polarizer 300 is attached and fixed to the side of the second flexible substrate 105 opposite to the polymer liquid crystal layer 103. The liquid crystal material in the polymer liquid crystal layer 103 is a polymer doped with liquid crystal molecules 1031 with positive dielectric anisotropy Δε and dye molecules 1032. Traditional PDLC dimming films typically use polymer doped with simple liquid crystal molecules 1031 with positive dielectric anisotropy Δε, where the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 1031 aligns parallel to the electric field direction when energized. The polymer is isotropic in refractive index, with a refractive index of n. p Liquid crystal molecules 1031 exhibit refractive index anisotropy, with the refractive index n in the perpendicular direction being... e The refractive index n is not equal to the horizontal direction. o At this time, the refractive index n in the vertical direction of the liquid crystal molecules is set to 1031. e equal to the refractive index n of the polymer p Therefore, when viewed perpendicular to the substrate surface, both have the same refractive index, resulting in a low-haze, transparent state. However, when viewed at an angle, the refractive index of liquid crystal molecule 1031 is between n... o and n e Between, and the refractive index n of the polymer p There are significant differences, thus exhibiting a scattering haze state.
[0049] In this embodiment, a dye liquid crystal molecule 1031 is proposed to be doped into a certain proportion of a polymer, wherein the dielectric anisotropy Δε of the liquid crystal molecule 1031 is positive, that is, when energized, the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule 1031 is parallel to the electric field direction and is arranged perpendicular to the substrate surface.
[0050] When the power is off, the liquid crystal molecules 1031 and dye molecules 1032 are randomly arranged in the polymer. The refractive index of the mixture is different in all directions, which manifests as a highly scattered hazy state. Due to the presence of dye molecules 1032, the hazy state at this time exhibits the color of the dye, such as hazy gray or hazy black.
[0051] When energized, liquid crystal molecules 1031 drive dye molecules 1032, whose molecular long axis is parallel to the electric field direction and uniformly arranged perpendicular to the substrate surface. At this time, dye molecules 1032 have the characteristics of a polarizer in the vertical direction, which can selectively pass light polarized in a specific direction and absorb scattered light polarized in other directions, so that the dye PDLC presents a wide viewing angle and a clear field of view.
[0052] Example 8 Please refer to Figure 8 This embodiment proposes a dimming glass, which uses the black PDLC dimming film 10 described in Example 1. The dimming glass comprises a first glass layer 600, a first adhesive layer 700, the black PDLC dimming film 10, a second adhesive layer 800, and a second glass layer 900, stacked sequentially. The first glass layer 600 has an infrared-resistant coating for reflecting infrared radiation. The first adhesive layer 700 and the second adhesive layer 800 are made of PVB material. The PVB material in the first adhesive layer 700 contains a mixed ultraviolet-absorbing material.
[0053] An infrared-resistant coating is provided on the first glass layer 600, giving the dimming glass excellent infrared protection. Ultraviolet-absorbing materials are added during the fabrication of the first adhesive layer 700, thus giving it UV-absorbing capabilities as well. When the dimming glass has the side with the first glass layer 600 facing the sun, the infrared and UV protection effectively protects the internal dimming film, preventing rapid aging of the internal liquid crystal material and extending the product's lifespan.
[0054] In this embodiment, the first glass layer 600 and the second glass layer 900 are not necessarily rigid glass. Depending on the actual needs, other transparent materials can be used to replace them. For example, the second glass layer 900 can be replaced with a soft transparent material layer. When this dimming glass is used in a car, the soft transparent material layer is a layer close to the interior of the car.
[0055] Example 9 Please refer to Figure 14 This embodiment proposes a black PDLC dimming film 10, comprising a functional layer 400, a first flexible substrate 101, a first conductive layer 102, a polymer liquid crystal layer 103, a second conductive layer 104, a second flexible substrate 105, and a second polarizer 300, stacked sequentially. The functional layer 400 is disposed on the surface of the first flexible substrate 101. The functional layer 400 can be a single functional structure or a combination of multiple functional structures, including: 1. HC hardening layer: preventing scratches, with a hardness ranging from 0B to 10H; 2. AR anti-reflective layer: reducing surface reflection and increasing blackness; 3. AF anti-fingerprint layer: preventing fingerprints and other stains from remaining on the surface; 4. Anti-UV and anti-red line layer; 6. Anti-rainbow flexible film; 5. Layers that enhance its functionality. In this embodiment, the functional layer 400 is mainly configured as an anti-rainbow phenomenon film.
[0056] Example 10 Please refer to Figure 15 This embodiment proposes a black PDLC dimming film 10, comprising a functional layer 400, a first flexible substrate 101, a first conductive layer 102, a polymer liquid crystal layer 103, a second conductive layer 104, and a second flexible substrate 105 stacked sequentially. A first polarizer 200 and a second polarizer 300 are adhered and fixed to the side of the second flexible substrate 105 opposite to the polymer liquid crystal layer 103. The two polarizers are used to absorb part of the scattered light. The first flexible substrate 101, the first conductive layer 102, the polymer liquid crystal layer 103, the second conductive layer 104, the second flexible substrate 105, and the polarizers are all adhered and fixed using optical adhesive. The angle between the absorption axis of the first polarizer 200 and the absorption axis of the second polarizer is 0-90 degrees. In this embodiment, the angle between the absorption axes of the first polarizer 200 and the second polarizer is set to 25 degrees. In this embodiment, the functional layer 400 is a flexible anti-rainbow film, whose primary function is to prevent the black PDLC dimming film 10 from exhibiting a rainbow effect. Of course, the functional layer 400 can be configured as a solar film, heat insulation film, or anti-ultraviolet infrared film, etc., based on actual needs, in addition to its anti-rainbow function.
[0057] It should be noted that the technical solutions of the various embodiments of this application can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.
[0058] The above description is only a part or preferred embodiment of this application. Neither the text nor the drawings should limit the scope of protection of this application. All equivalent structural transformations made using the content of this application's specification and drawings under the overall concept of this application, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A black PDLC dimming film, comprising a first flexible substrate, a first conductive layer, a polymer liquid crystal layer, a second conductive layer, and a second flexible substrate stacked sequentially, characterized in that, The liquid crystal material in the polymer liquid crystal layer is a polymer doped with liquid crystal molecules and dye molecules with positive dielectric anisotropy Δε. When the polymer liquid crystal layer is energized, the black PDLC dimming film is in a transparent state, and the transmittance of the black PDLC dimming film in the transparent state ranges from 10% to 70%. When the polymer liquid crystal layer is de-energized, the black PDLC dimming film is in a dark state, and the transmittance of the black PDLC dimming film in the dark state ranges from 0.5% to 10%. The thickness of the black PDLC dimming film liquid crystal layer is in the range of 10μm to 20μm; The material of each of the first flexible substrate and the second flexible substrate is one of PI, PC, PET, COP, COC, and TAC.
2. A black PDLC dimming film, characterized in that, The black PDLC dimming film includes a white PDLC film and a first polarizer, wherein the first polarizer is fixedly attached to the first flexible substrate or the second flexible substrate; The black PDLC dimming film also includes a functional layer, which is attached and fixed to the first polarizer. The functional layer has anti-rainbow, anti-scratch, anti-fingerprint, anti-reflection, and anti-infrared and anti-ultraviolet functions.
3. The black PDLC dimming film according to claim 2, characterized in that, The black PDLC dimming film also includes a second polarizer. The first polarizer and the second polarizer are fixedly attached to the same side of the liquid crystal layer. The angle between the absorption axis of the first polarizer and the absorption axis of the second polarizer is in the range of 0 to 90 degrees. The first polarizer and the second polarizer are used to absorb part of the scattered light.
4. The black PDLC dimming film according to claim 3, characterized in that, The black PDLC dimming film further includes a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer. The first conductive layer is disposed on the first polarizer, and the second conductive layer is disposed on the second polarizer. The layer structure of the black PDLC dimming film is, in sequence, a first polarizer, a first conductive layer, a polymer liquid crystal layer, a second conductive layer, and a second polarizer.
5. The black PDLC dimming film according to claim 3, characterized in that, The black PDLC dimming film also includes an insulating film, which is disposed between the first flexible substrate and the first polarizer or between the second flexible substrate and the second polarizer.
6. A type of dimming glass, characterized in that, Includes the black PDLC dimming film as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The dimming glass according to claim 6, characterized in that, The dimming glass comprises a first glass layer, a first adhesive layer, a black PDLC dimming film, a second adhesive layer, and a second glass layer stacked sequentially. The dimming glass is curved glass.
8. The dimming glass according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first glass layer is provided with an infrared-proof coating for reflecting infrared rays.
9. The dimming glass according to claim 8, characterized in that, Each of the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer comprises PVB material.
10. The dimming glass according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first adhesive layer contains a mixture of ultraviolet-absorbing materials in its PVB material.