Marine ecological environment detection equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses marine ecological environment detection equipment, belongs to the technical field of marine monitoring, and aims to solve the problems that an existing observation technology is high in cost and difficult to lay, and synchronous and refined monitoring of a water body profile and a seabed interface cannot be realized. The system is composed of a plurality of sets of water body profile detection units arranged in different areas. Each unit integrates three functional modules, wherein the water surface part generates power through a floating plate and a power generation assembly by utilizing wave energy and solar energy; the water body part realizes multi-level observation of the vertical section of the water body by virtue of a flexible protective pipe and a plurality of image sensors arranged along the line; the seabed part collects seabed interface temperature and image data through an anchor device and detection equipment carried by the anchor device. Wherein the anchor device adopts an innovative design capable of releasing weight, and filler is remotely emptied through the control module, so that convenient recovery is realized; the device has the advantages of low cost, modularization and easiness in laying and recycling, and multi-dimensional detection of a water body profile and a seabed interface can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of detection technology, specifically to a marine ecological environment detection device. Background Technology

[0002] Marine ecological environment monitoring is fundamental to understanding, protecting, and warning of marine disasters. Currently, the mainstream monitoring methods mainly rely on two types of technologies: one is mobile observation (such as research vessels), and the other is the establishment of fixed seabed observation stations.

[0003] However, these traditional technologies have significant limitations in achieving refined and systematic monitoring of the marine ecological environment: Existing seabed observation stations are typically large, integrated platforms, characterized by their massive size, complex structure, and high cost. Deployment and retrieval require large vessels and heavy equipment, resulting in substantial initial investment and maintenance costs. Limited by these high costs, existing observation networks are sparse, making it impossible to achieve high-density, large-scale network observations in the target sea area.

[0004] While fixed-base observation stations can provide time-series data, they are limited to location data at a single depth, resulting in extremely limited spatial coverage. This data fragmentation in time and space makes it difficult to simultaneously obtain continuous and consistent ecological and environmental parameters over a large area.

[0005] Therefore, it is difficult to effectively capture key interfacial processes in the ocean (such as the seawater-sediment interface and the interface between water masses at different depths). It is urgent to solve the problem of how to build a low-cost, easy-to-deploy marine ecological environment monitoring device that can achieve multi-dimensional, high-density synchronous monitoring of water profiles and seabed interfaces. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a marine ecological environment monitoring device that has advantages such as low cost, easy deployment, and the ability to perform multi-dimensional monitoring of water profiles and seabed interfaces. It solves the problem of effectively capturing key interface processes in the ocean (such as the seawater-sediment interface and the interface between water masses at different depths).

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A marine ecological environment monitoring device, comprising: Multiple water body profile detection units are distributed in different detection areas, with designed intervals between the different detection areas; Each water profile detection unit includes an underwater metal substrate, an underwater flexible protective tube, and an anchor device. A cylindrical rod is fixedly connected to the top of the underwater metal substrate, and a water surface float is sleeved on the cylindrical rod. The water surface float is connected to the outside of the cylindrical rod through a power generation component. The length and width of the water surface float are both greater than the length and width of the underwater metal substrate. The underwater flexible protective tube is connected to the bottom of the underwater metal substrate, and a transmission line connected to the power generation component is provided inside it; an energy storage device is connected to the bottom of the transmission line; a plurality of first image acquisition components connected to the energy storage device are provided on the outside of the underwater flexible protective tube, and the plurality of first image acquisition components are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the underwater flexible protective tube. The anchor device is placed on the seabed and is equipped with a detection device, which includes a temperature sensor and a second image acquisition component. The detection device contains the energy storage device, which is also connected to the temperature sensor and the second image acquisition component.

[0008] Preferably, the center of the water surface float plate is provided with a cylindrical rod through hole, and the inner wall of the cylindrical rod through hole is provided with an axial mounting groove; The power generation component includes multiple power gears rotatably mounted in an axial mounting slot, and a generator installed inside a floating plate on the water surface. The generator and the multiple power gears are connected by a gear set for transmission. The cylindrical rod has an axial toothed groove on its outer side, and the power gear meshes with the axial toothed groove.

[0009] Preferably, the top of the floating plate also has a solar panel placement slot; the solar panel placement slot is equipped with a solar power generation panel connected to the transmission line.

[0010] Preferably, the top of the cylindrical rod is provided with a limiting member, the size of which is larger than the through hole of the cylindrical rod, and is threadedly connected to the cylindrical rod.

[0011] Preferably, the measuring device includes an annular housing, with a sealed cavity inside the annular housing, and an energy storage device and a control module inside the sealed cavity; the temperature sensor and the second image acquisition component are located on the outside of the annular housing and in the channel enclosed by the annular housing; the control module is used to acquire and transmit the detection information of the temperature sensor, the first image acquisition component and the second image acquisition component.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom of the annular shell is detachably connected to the top of the anchor device by bolts.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the anchor device is provided with a lifting ring, and the top of the anchor device is provided with a filling cavity; the top of the anchor device is also provided with an inlet communicating with the filling cavity, and an inlet sealing plate is inserted into the inlet. The anchor device is made of plastic, and the filling cavity is filled with iron sand and / or mud.

[0014] Preferably, the number of filling cavities is two, and they are symmetrically arranged with the vertical centerline of the detection device as the axis of symmetry; The filling cavity is inclined upward; an outlet is provided at the bottom of the filling cavity and around the anchor device; a baffle is hinged at the outlet; and a slot is provided on the baffle. The anchor device is equipped with a telescopic rod around its periphery. The telescopic rod is connected to a control module, which is used to control the telescopic rod to extend into or away from the slot.

[0015] Preferably, the underwater flexible protective tube comprises three parts: the first part is a coiled and bent section, the upper and lower parts of the first part are the second and third parts, respectively; the second and third parts are straight sections.

[0016] Preferably, the anchor device is made of stainless steel, cast iron or high-strength alloy steel and is equipped with a lifting ring.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a marine ecological environment monitoring device, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. By deploying multiple distributed water profile detection units to construct a networked observation array, the limitations of traditional marine monitoring models are fundamentally overcome. Compared with the traditional approach that relies on large fixed platforms or irregularly scheduled research vessels, this design transforms isolated monitoring points into dense network nodes, enabling synchronous and continuous observation over a large area of ​​the sea. It can effectively capture the dynamic changes and gradient patterns of key environmental parameters such as temperature, biological distribution, and suspended matter in the spatiotemporal dimensions. 2. It integrates the collaborative observation capabilities of the water surface, water body, and seabed. The water surface unit utilizes wave energy for continuous power generation and storage via floating platforms and a power generation mechanism. Through flexible protective pipes and multiple image sensors deployed along their length, it achieves multi-layered, high-resolution optical observation of the water body profile, directly acquiring information such as the distribution of plankton and particulate matter at different depths, and transparency, revealing the internal structure and stratification characteristics of the water body. The seabed unit, with the aid of anchorage devices and onboard detection equipment, focuses on interface temperature and seabed image data acquisition. These three elements work together to construct a complete environmental data chain from the sea surface to the seabed, providing strong support for research on key scientific issues such as ocean vertical circulation, biogeochemical processes, and sediment-water interface exchange, enabling multi-dimensional detection of water body profiles and seabed interfaces. 3. In terms of structure and cost control, the complex structure and high cost of traditional large platforms have been eliminated, significantly reducing the manufacturing, transportation, and deployment costs of single nodes. Multiple units can be deployed using only small to medium-sized vessels, making large-scale, high-density network observation possible both technically and economically. The modular design also improves the system's maintainability and scalability; local failures do not affect the overall network operation, thus providing a feasible technical path for achieving long-term, low-cost, and high spatiotemporal resolution three-dimensional monitoring of the marine ecological environment. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the marine ecological environment monitoring equipment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of the marine ecological environment monitoring equipment of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross section at point AA; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram illustrating the connection between the cylindrical rod and the floating plate on the water surface of the marine ecological environment monitoring device of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the discharge mechanism of the anchor device of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the water surface floating plate of the present invention bobbing up and down with the waves; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the detection device of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the power generation component of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a simplified structural diagram illustrating the motion principle of the power generation component of the present invention.

[0019] In the figure: 1. Underwater metal substrate; 2. Cylindrical rod; 3. Surface float; 300. Axial mounting groove; 301. Solar panel placement groove; 4. Power generation component; 400. Power gear; 401. Generator; 5. Underwater flexible protective pipe; 6. Energy storage device; 7. Anchor device; 700. Filling cavity; 701. Inlet sealing plate; 702. Baffle; 703. Telescopic rod; 8. Detection equipment; 9. First image acquisition component. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] As described in the background section, there are shortcomings in the existing technology. To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application proposes a marine ecological environment monitoring device. (See attached document.) Figures 1-9 It includes: Multiple water body profile detection units are distributed in different detection areas, with designed intervals between the different detection areas; Each water profile detection unit includes an underwater metal substrate 1, an underwater flexible protective tube 5, and an anchor device 7. A cylindrical rod 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the underwater metal substrate 1. A water surface float 3 is sleeved on the cylindrical rod 2. The water surface float 3 is connected to the outer side of the cylindrical rod 2 through a power generation component 4. The length and width of the water surface float 3 are both greater than the length and width of the underwater metal substrate 1. The buoyancy generated by the water surface float 3 is greater than the weight of the underwater metal substrate 1.

[0022] The underwater flexible protective tube 5 is connected to the bottom of the underwater metal substrate 1, and a transmission line connected to the power generation component 4 is provided inside it; an energy storage device 6 is connected to the bottom of the transmission line; a plurality of first image acquisition components 9 connected to the energy storage device 6 are provided on the outside of the underwater flexible protective tube 5, and the plurality of first image acquisition components 9 are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the underwater flexible protective tube 5. Anchor device 7 is placed on the seabed and is equipped with detection device 8, which is equipped with a temperature sensor and a second image acquisition component. An energy storage device 6 is installed inside the detection device 8 and is also connected to the temperature sensor and the second image acquisition component.

[0023] This approach fundamentally changes the traditional oceanographic observation model by using multiple water profile monitoring units distributed across different monitoring areas. Traditional methods rely on a few expensive, large fixed platforms or irregular research vessels, resulting in spatially sparse and temporally discontinuous data. This solution, through distributed and networked deployment, transforms monitoring points from "islands" into a "network." This design enables synchronous and continuous monitoring of large-scale sea areas, capturing spatial gradient changes and temporal dynamics of marine environmental parameters such as temperature, biological distribution, and suspended matter. For example, it can simultaneously monitor the inlet, center, and edge areas of a bay, thus clearly depicting pollutant diffusion paths or plankton migration patterns—something difficult to achieve with traditional methods.

[0024] Secondly, the surface section utilizes floating platforms and power generation components to achieve uninterrupted power generation and storage using waves and tides. The water body section, through underwater flexible protective pipes and multiple first-image acquisition components distributed along the line, enables multi-level, high-resolution optical observation of the water body's vertical profile, allowing for multi-dimensional detection of the water body profile and seabed interface. This directly acquires information such as plankton, particulate matter, and transparency at different water depths, revealing the internal structure and stratification of the water body. The seabed section, through anchor devices and their onboard detection equipment, focuses on acquiring temperature and second-image information near the seabed interface. The coordinated operation of these three parts breaks through the limitations of previous single-function observation equipment, enabling the simultaneous acquisition of a complete environmental data chain from the sea surface to the seabed profile. This is valuable for studying key scientific issues such as ocean vertical circulation, biogeochemical processes, and the seabed sediment-water exchange interface.

[0025] Finally, this scheme demonstrates significant advantages in terms of structure and cost control. The equipment is no longer a massive, immovable platform, but rather composed of multiple relatively independent, modular units. This design greatly reduces the manufacturing, transportation, and deployment costs and difficulties of individual nodes. Deployment may only require small to medium-sized vessels to deploy multiple units, making large-scale, high-density network observation economically and technically feasible. The modular design also facilitates later maintenance and upgrades; a failure in one unit does not affect the operation of the entire network. Therefore, it not only improves the quality and dimensionality of monitored data, but also provides a feasible technical path for building a high spatiotemporal resolution three-dimensional monitoring network for the marine ecological environment through its scalable and low-cost design concept.

[0026] In some embodiments, a cylindrical rod through hole is provided at the center of the water surface float 3, and an axial mounting groove 300 is provided on the inner wall of the cylindrical rod through hole; The power generation component 4 includes a plurality of power gears 400 rotatably disposed in the axial mounting groove 300, and a generator 401 disposed inside the water surface float 3. The generator 401 and the plurality of power gears 400 are connected by a speed-up gear set. The outer side of the cylindrical rod 2 is provided with axial tooth grooves, and the power gear 400 meshes with the axial tooth grooves.

[0027] First, this design efficiently converts unstable, low-frequency mechanical energy, such as wave energy, into stable electrical energy. The core of this design lies in the axial gear meshing between the power gear 400 and the cylindrical rod 2, as well as the acceleration gear set. When waves cause the surface float 3 to undulate relative to the fixed cylindrical rod, this linear motion is directly converted into rotational motion via a rack and pinion mechanism. Crucially, the acceleration gear set converts the slow up-and-down oscillation of the float into the high-speed rotation required by the generator rotor, significantly improving power generation efficiency. This energy capture method provides continuous energy replenishment unaffected by day / night cycles or weather conditions, with its advantages being particularly pronounced in rainy, high-latitude sea areas. It provides more reliable and longer-lasting power for underwater and seabed electrical equipment such as image acquisition components, sensors, and control modules, greatly extending the autonomous operating time of the equipment.

[0028] Secondly, this power generation structure inadvertently brings an important additional benefit—enhanced stability of the entire surface platform. The tight meshing of the gears and teeth ensures that the relationship between the surface float 3 and the cylindrical rod 2 is not simply sliding friction, but rather a deterministic mechanical constraint. This constraint effectively suppresses the surface float's movement in wind and waves in directions other than vertical, such as horizontal drift and rotation.

[0029] Finally, the power generation component boasts an ingenious and compact structural design. It fully integrates the energy conversion mechanism within the cylindrical rod through-holes of the surface float 3 and within the float itself, eliminating exposed and easily damaged transmission components. This built-in design minimizes disruption to the marine environment and avoids the risk of entanglement or collision with floating objects or aquatic organisms, thus improving the reliability and durability of the equipment. The entire power generation system is self-contained, easy to maintain, and as a modular unit, it facilitates production and replacement.

[0030] In some embodiments, the top of the floating plate 3 also has a solar panel placement slot 301; the solar panel placement slot 301 is provided with a solar power generation panel connected to the transmission line.

[0031] This design achieves energy complementarity between wave energy and solar energy. Wave energy generation is most efficient in severe weather conditions with high winds and rough waves, while solar energy generation is most efficient in clear weather with ample sunlight. The two are naturally complementary. Integrating these two renewable energy sources allows the equipment to obtain a relatively stable and continuous power supply under various weather and sea conditions. This design greatly enhances the charging efficiency of energy storage devices such as batteries, significantly extends the equipment's continuous unattended operation time in the marine environment, and can even support higher-power sensors or more frequent data acquisition and transmission tasks, fundamentally solving the energy bottleneck problem of long-term ocean observation.

[0032] Secondly, the solar panel is placed in the solar panel placement slot 301. This embedded installation makes the surface of the solar panel roughly flush with or slightly lower than the top surface of the floating plate, reducing the overall profile of the equipment, reducing wind resistance and water flow resistance, and helping to improve the stability of the floating plate on the water surface.

[0033] Furthermore, this hybrid power supply scheme enhances the robustness of the entire monitoring system. Even if one power generation method temporarily fails for some reason, such as the solar panels being temporarily covered by seabird droppings, or the wave energy gear set requiring maintenance due to long-term wear, the other method can still continue to provide a minimum amount of power support to the system, ensuring that the core monitoring functions are not interrupted and reducing the risk of a complete system failure.

[0034] In some embodiments, a limiting member is provided at the top of the cylindrical rod 2. The limiting member is larger than the through hole of the cylindrical rod and is threadedly connected to the cylindrical rod 2. This design means that during equipment deployment and retrieval, the installation position of the limiting member on the cylindrical rod 2 can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual water depth and monitoring requirements, thereby pre-setting the range of motion of the surface float 3. During transportation and storage, the limiting member and the surface float 3 can also be easily removed, reducing the space occupied by the equipment. When the surface float 3 or the power generation component 4 needs maintenance, maintenance personnel can easily unscrew the limiting member without using large tools or disassembling the entire support structure, greatly reducing operation and maintenance costs and time.

[0035] In some embodiments, the detection device 8 includes an annular housing, with a sealed cavity inside the annular housing, and an energy storage device 6 and a control module inside the sealed cavity; a temperature sensor and a second image acquisition component are provided on the outside of the annular housing and in the channel enclosed by the annular housing; the control module is used to acquire and transmit the detection information of the temperature sensor, the first image acquisition component and the second image acquisition component.

[0036] This constitutes a robust and highly integrated core protection unit. The valuable energy storage device and control module are housed within a sealed cavity, providing them with a safe space completely isolated from water, high pressure, high salinity, and corrosive seabed environments. This significantly improves the reliability and lifespan of the electronic components. The control module, acting as the brain, coordinates the work of the temperature sensor, the first image acquisition component, and the second image acquisition component (the seabed camera), performing initial data acquisition, processing, and packaging, before transmitting the data to the surface via a transmission line that also provides power and communication, or temporarily storing it locally. This integrated design simplifies the structure of the seabed equipment, reduces external cable connections, and lowers deployment difficulty and failure rate.

[0037] Secondly, the annular structure itself offers a unique advantage in unobstructed panoramic observation. When the monitoring equipment is placed on the seabed, its central annular channel is unobstructed, allowing seawater and seabed organisms to pass freely. Sensors and cameras positioned within this channel can obtain a 360-degree field of view without blind spots. This is crucial for monitoring benthic organism activity, observing sediment transport processes, and recording marine life such as fish and crabs passing beneath the equipment. It avoids the obstruction of the observation field of view inherent in traditional box-type equipment, enabling the capture of a more natural and comprehensive picture of the seabed ecosystem. Furthermore, this annular design may also offer hydrodynamic benefits, reducing the equipment's obstruction to ocean currents and mitigating vibrations and sediment erosion caused by eddies.

[0038] In some embodiments, the bottom of the annular housing is detachably bolted to the top of the anchor assembly 7. Separating the two by bolts allows for independent design, manufacture, testing, and maintenance of these two core modules. If the detection device malfunctions, it can be simply removed from the anchor for repair or replacement without having to recycle the bulky anchor assembly, and vice versa. This significantly reduces maintenance costs and operational complexity throughout its lifecycle.

[0039] In some embodiments, the top of the anchor device 7 is provided with a lifting ring and a filling cavity 700 therein; the top of the anchor device 7 is also provided with an inlet communicating with the filling cavity 700, and an inlet sealing plate 701 is inserted into the inlet. The anchor device 7 is made of plastic, and the filling cavity 700 is filled with iron sand and / or mud.

[0040] Traditional seabed anchors are typically made of solid cast iron or concrete, and their weight remains constant throughout transportation and hoisting, making them very cumbersome. The proposed solution, featuring a plastic shell filled with iron sand / silt, is an ingenious lightweight design. Before transportation and deployment, the filling cavity is empty or only partially filled, resulting in a very light anchor assembly made of lightweight plastic. This significantly reduces the burden and risks associated with land transportation, shipboard hoisting, and personnel operation, while also saving fuel and labor costs.

[0041] During deployment, high-density filler material, such as iron shot or locally sourced silt, is injected into the filling chamber through the top inlet, allowing the anchor to quickly reach the required weight before sinking to the seabed. This design achieves "on-demand weighting," precisely controlling the final mooring force based on ocean current speed and seabed geological conditions. More importantly, it provides an "environmentally friendly and low-cost recycling solution." When the equipment needs to be recycled, the filler material can be discharged from the bottom outlet via a subsequent baffle 702. After emptying, the anchor device returns to a lightweight state and can be easily recovered to the surface, avoiding the difficulty of forcefully pulling a heavy iron block from the seabed silt and the damage to the seabed ecosystem. Furthermore, if the filler material is locally sourced silt, it can be directly returned to the environment; if it is iron shot, it can also be recycled and reused.

[0042] Furthermore, the plastic casing offers better resistance to seawater corrosion compared to metal and does not interfere with the Earth's magnetic field, making it more advantageous for certain geophysical measurements. The top lifting ring design facilitates connection to the lifting cable and is an indispensable safety feature for offshore operations.

[0043] In some embodiments, the number of filling cavities 700 is two, and they are symmetrically arranged with the vertical centerline of the detection device 8 as the axis of symmetry; The filling cavity 700 is inclined upward; the bottom of the filling cavity 700 and the periphery of the anchor device 7 are provided with an outlet; a baffle 702 is hinged at the outlet; and a slot is provided on the baffle 702. The anchor device 7 is equipped with a telescopic rod 703 around its body. The telescopic rod 703 is connected to the control module, which is used to control the telescopic rod 703 to extend into or move away from the slot.

[0044] First, the design of two symmetrically arranged inclined filling chambers 700 is crucial. This symmetrical arrangement ensures that the equipment experiences uniform force during filling material release, preventing tilting or rolling and guaranteeing a smooth and safe recovery process. The filling chambers 700 are angled upwards, and combined with the bottom outlet, utilize the principle of gravity-driven natural fluid flow. When filling material needs to be released, the outlet baffle 702 opens, allowing the filling material to flow out more smoothly and completely under gravity, avoiding residue and blockage in horizontal or inverted chambers.

[0045] Secondly, the introduction of the telescopic boom 703 and control module enables remote control of the release process. Upon receiving a recovery command, the control module drives the telescopic boom 703 to retract from the slot in the baffle 702. The baffle 702 then opens under the pressure of the filling material or its own weight, initiating the release. This electrically controlled method replaces traditional mechanical release or underwater operations by divers, allowing recovery operations to be triggered remotely without dispatching a work vessel or divers, significantly reducing the cost, risk, and complexity of recovery operations.

[0046] This allows a heavy piece of equipment with hundreds of kilograms of anchoring force on the seabed to instantly unload most of its weight via a simple electrical signal, transforming it into a lightweight shell weighing only tens of kilograms, thus enabling it to easily float or be recovered. This is not only a technological improvement but also a revolution in the traditional deployment and recovery process for seabed observation equipment.

[0047] In some embodiments, the underwater flexible protective tube 5 includes three parts: a first part is a coiled and bent section; a second part is above the first part; and a third part is below the first part. The second and third parts are straight sections.

[0048] The design consists of three parts: a central coiled bend section and straight sections at the top and bottom. The central coiled bend section acts as a flexible buffer joint. In the ocean, the surface portion moves with the waves, while the seabed portion remains relatively stationary. The flexible tube in the middle needs to withstand continuous bending, tensile, and torsional loads. A simple straight tube is easily fatigued and damaged under alternating stress. This pre-designed bend section, as a stress relief point, better absorbs and disperses the dynamic motion transmitted from the water surface, preventing stress concentration at the vulnerable endpoints connected to the equipment, and significantly extending the service life of the protective tube and its internal transmission lines.

[0049] Secondly, this form facilitates deployment and retrieval operations. During equipment storage and transportation, the central bend can be further coiled, saving deck space. During deployment, it allows for a certain horizontal offset between the surface platform and the seabed anchor, eliminating the need for strict vertical alignment and reducing the precision requirements. Furthermore, it helps reduce the direct transmission of surface fluctuations to the seabed equipment, offering a slight benefit to the stability of the seabed observation platform. In summary, this design, through a localized morphological optimization, endows the entire system with greater environmental adaptability and reliability, a crucial detail ensuring the long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0050] In some embodiments, the anchor device 7 is made of stainless steel, cast iron, or high-strength alloy steel and is equipped with a lifting ring. This is a more traditional but extremely reliable solution compared to releasable plastic anchors. It sacrifices the convenience of recyclability in exchange for extreme stability—deployed once and used for life. For some long-term observation stations that do not require frequent retrieval, such as climate observations lasting several years, this one-time solution may be more cost-effective because it eliminates the need for complex retrieval control systems and associated potential points of failure.

[0051] Working principle: When in use, multiple water profile detection units are first deployed in a grid or linear pattern according to the monitoring needs of the target sea area, ensuring that there is a preset design interval between each unit, thereby forming a distributed three-dimensional monitoring network.

[0052] After deployment, each detection unit operates independently, and its workflow and energy cycle are as follows: Energy self-sufficiency system: Wave power generation: The waves on the sea surface drive the floating plate 3 to reciprocate up and down relative to the fixed cylindrical rod 2. This motion is converted into rotational motion by the power generation component 4 inside the floating plate, namely the power gear 400, which meshes with the axial teeth on the cylindrical rod 2. The rotational motion is then accelerated by the gear set and drives the generator 401 to efficiently convert it into electrical energy.

[0053] Solar power generation: At the same time, the solar panels installed in the solar panel placement slot 301 capture solar energy and convert it into electrical energy.

[0054] These two renewable energy sources generate electricity in tandem, and together they charge the energy storage device 6, such as a battery, below through a transmission line that runs through the underwater flexible protective pipe 5, forming the core power source for the continuous operation of the equipment.

[0055] Water profile data acquisition: The energy storage device 6 supplies power to multiple first image acquisition components 9, such as underwater cameras, that are spaced apart along the length of the underwater flexible protective tube 5.

[0056] These cameras perform optical imaging of the water body from different depths, thereby obtaining visualized data of the entire water body profile from near the surface to near the seabed, such as the vertical distribution of plankton, the concentration of suspended particulate matter, and the vertical changes in transparency.

[0057] Seabed interface data acquisition: The detection device 8, located on the seabed, is powered by its internal energy storage device 6. Its temperature sensor continuously monitors the temperature near the seabed interface, while the second image acquisition component captures images of benthic biological activity, sediment conditions, and organisms passing through the annular channel around the device.

[0058] Data transmission and equipment recycling: All data collected by sensors and image acquisition components are gathered, preliminarily processed, and temporarily stored by the control module within the detection device 8. The processed data can be transmitted via wired transmission lines through the underwater flexible protective pipe 5 to the surface float, and then sent to the shore station or satellite via the wireless communication module on the surface float; or transmitted using timed surfacing, underwater acoustic communication, or other methods.

[0059] When the equipment needs to be retrieved, the control module can receive a remote command to activate the release mechanism of the anchor device 7: the control telescopic rod 703 retracts, causing the baffle 702 to open under the pressure of the filling material, discharging the iron sand / silt from the filling cavity 700. After the weight of the anchor is significantly reduced, the entire detection unit can be easily retrieved to the water surface using the lifting ring on it.

[0060] In summary, large-scale synchronous monitoring was achieved through distributed networking. The integrated design of water surface wave / solar power generation, water body profile optical observation, and seabed interface comprehensive detection enabled vertical, three-dimensional, multi-parameter, in-situ, and long-term monitoring from the sea surface to the seabed. Furthermore, the innovative design of leakable counterweight anchors greatly reduced the difficulty and cost of deployment and retrieval, thus effectively solving the bottleneck problems of traditional observation methods in terms of spatiotemporal resolution, observation dimensions, and economy.

Claims

1. A marine ecological environment monitoring device, characterized in that, It includes: Multiple water body profile detection units are distributed in different detection areas, with designed intervals between the different detection areas; Each water profile detection unit includes an underwater metal substrate (1), an underwater flexible protective tube (5), and an anchor device (7). A cylindrical rod (2) is fixedly connected to the top of the underwater metal substrate (1), and a water surface float (3) is sleeved on the cylindrical rod (2). The water surface float (3) is connected to the outside of the cylindrical rod (2) through a power generation component (4). The length and width of the water surface float (3) are both greater than the length and width of the underwater metal substrate (1). The underwater flexible protective tube (5) is connected to the bottom of the underwater metal substrate (1), and a transmission line connected to the power generation component (4) is provided inside it; an energy storage device (6) is connected to the bottom of the transmission line; a plurality of first image acquisition components (9) connected to the energy storage device (6) are provided on the outside of the underwater flexible protective tube (5), and the plurality of first image acquisition components (9) are spaced apart along the length direction of the underwater flexible protective tube (5). The anchor device (7) is placed on the seabed and is equipped with a detection device (8). The detection device (8) is equipped with a temperature sensor and a second image acquisition component. The detection device (8) is equipped with the energy storage device (6), which is also connected to the temperature sensor and the second image acquisition component.

2. The marine ecological environment monitoring equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center of the water surface float (3) is provided with a cylindrical rod through hole, and the inner wall of the cylindrical rod through hole is provided with an axial mounting groove (300). The power generation component (4) includes multiple power gears (400) rotatably disposed in an axial mounting groove (300), and a generator (401) disposed inside a water surface float (3). The generator (401) and the multiple power gears (400) are connected by a speed-up gear set. The cylindrical rod (2) has an axial tooth groove on its outer side, and the power gear (400) meshes with the axial tooth groove.

3. The marine ecological environment monitoring equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the floating plate (3) also has a solar panel placement slot (301); the solar panel placement slot (301) is equipped with a solar power generation panel connected to the transmission line.

4. The marine ecological environment monitoring equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the cylindrical rod (2) is provided with a limiting member. The size of the limiting member is larger than the through hole of the cylindrical rod and is threadedly connected to the cylindrical rod (2).

5. A marine ecological environment monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection device (8) includes an annular shell, with a sealed cavity inside the annular shell. An energy storage device (6) and a control module are provided inside the sealed cavity. The temperature sensor and the second image acquisition component are provided on the outside of the annular shell and in the channel enclosed by the annular shell. The control module is used to acquire and transmit the detection information of the temperature sensor, the first image acquisition component and the second image acquisition component.

6. A marine ecological environment monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of the annular shell is detachably connected to the top of the anchor device (7) by bolts.

7. A marine ecological environment monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the anchor device (7) is provided with a lifting ring and a filling cavity (700) is provided inside it; the top of the anchor device (7) is also provided with an inlet communicating with the filling cavity (700), and an inlet sealing plate (701) is inserted into the inlet. The anchor device (7) is made of plastic and the filling cavity (700) is filled with iron sand and / or mud.

8. A marine ecological environment monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The number of filling cavities (700) is two, and they are symmetrically arranged with the vertical centerline of the detection device (8) as the axis of symmetry; The filling cavity (700) is inclined upward; the bottom of the filling cavity (700) and the periphery of the anchor device (7) are provided with an outlet; a baffle (702) is hinged at the outlet; a slot is provided on the baffle (702); The anchor device (7) is provided with a telescopic rod (703) around its body. The telescopic rod (703) is connected to the control module, which is used to control the telescopic rod (703) to extend into or away from the slot.

9. A marine ecological environment monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The underwater flexible protective tube (5) comprises three parts: the first part is a coiled and bent section; the upper and lower parts of the first part are the second and third parts, respectively; the second and third parts are straight sections.

10. A marine ecological environment monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor device (7) is made of stainless steel, cast iron or high-strength alloy steel and is equipped with a lifting ring.

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