Barrier gate application system and application method based on owner and property lightweight access control management

Abstract

According to the barrier gate application system and method based on the owner and property lightweight access control management, through the integrated design of an APP and an access control background, owner autonomous management, license plate linkage authorization and diversified payment are achieved, cloud deployment and mobile terminal application are adopted in the system, the property does not need to input a large number of hardware equipment, and the cost is reduced. And the system construction cost is reduced. The proprietors and the property management personnel can complete most operations through mobile phones or computers, and real lightweight management is realized. Through statistical analysis of the vehicle access data, the parking charge data and the parking space usage data, the property management can deeply understand the traffic condition of the community and the owner demand, the management strategy is optimized, and the service quality is improved. The following social pain points are solved: property management is convenient, and proprietors' leg running is relieved. The problems that the security guard needs to register and check visitors in real time, whether the owner wants to allow the visited passenger car to enter or not is solved, and property management is relieved are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of barrier gate management technology, and in particular to a barrier gate application system and application method, electronic device and computer-readable storage medium based on lightweight access control management for owners and property. Background Technology

[0002] The existing lightweight access control system operates as follows: Residents need to submit vehicle registration materials in person at the property management office; upon visitor arrival, security guards manually verify their identity and register their information; property management manages access through independent access controllers and payment terminals, with payment primarily in cash or via QR code scanning. This system has the following drawbacks:

[0003] 1. Homeowners need to go to the office in person to complete the vehicle registration process, which is cumbersome;

[0004] 2. Visitor management relies on manual verification, which is prone to oversights;

[0005] 3. Property management authority is fragmented, making unified management difficult;

[0006] 4. The fee structure is too limited to meet diverse payment needs. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] On the one hand, a lightweight access control system based on owner and property management is provided, including a license plate recognition module, a gate control terminal, an owner's APP, a property management platform, and a payment settlement module, wherein:

[0009] The license plate recognition module is used to collect and identify vehicle information.

[0010] The barrier gate control terminal is used to control the opening and closing of the barrier gate based on the authorization result.

[0011] The owner's app is used for vehicle registration, authorization management, and parking fee payment.

[0012] The property management platform is used for parking space quota management and permission configuration.

[0013] The payment and settlement module supports multiple payment methods and overdue payment management.

[0014] On the other hand, a method for applying a barrier gate based on lightweight access control management for owners and property management is provided, including the following steps:

[0015] (1) The owner submits the vehicle registration application and relevant supporting documents through the APP, and the property management enters the information into the system after review and approval;

[0016] (2) When a visitor vehicle arrives at the gate, the license plate recognition module collects and recognizes the license plate information and compares it with the owner's preset authorized list;

[0017] (3) When the match is successful and the limit is not exceeded, the barrier gate will open automatically and the system will record the entry time;

[0018] (4) Upon exiting the parking area, the fee will be automatically calculated based on the parking duration and charging standard, and deducted from the owner's account according to the preset payment method or paid by the visitor by scanning the code;

[0019] (5) The property management company monitors the parking space usage status, processes excess applications, and generates statistical reports through the management platform.

[0020] Preferably, the owner vehicle registration process in step (1) includes:

[0021] Upload a photo of your license plate and property ownership certificate via the app, fill in information such as vehicle brand and color, and submit. This will trigger a three-tiered property management review process (clerk initial review → supervisor review → manager approval). Once approved, the system will automatically allocate authorized parking spaces and update the parking space allocation status accordingly.

[0022] Preferably, the license plate recognition process in step (2) includes:

[0023] Gaussian filtering for noise reduction, CLAHE algorithm for contrast enhancement, and Hough transform for tilt correction are employed. The license plate area is located using the YOLOv8 model, and characters are recognized based on a CNN+LSTM+CTC hybrid model. Three levels of verification (rule verification / fuzzy matching / historical verification) are performed.

[0024] Preferably, the authorization verification logic in step (3) includes:

[0025] The system checks in real time whether the number of vehicles applying exceeds the parking space quota set by the property management. If the quota is not exceeded, the gate will be opened automatically. If the quota is exceeded, a manual review process will be triggered, and auxiliary decision-making data such as the average number of vehicle entries per month and proof of ownership will be displayed.

[0026] Preferably, the payment processing flow in step (4) includes:

[0027] When the owner makes a deduction, the system automatically checks the prepayment account balance. If the balance is insufficient, it sends a recharge reminder and keeps the gate open for 3 minutes.

[0028] Visitors can pay using WeChat / Alipay QR code or NFC quick payment. The barrier will lift within 10 seconds after payment is completed. Parking voucher deduction and overdue payment management are supported.

[0029] Preferably, it also includes a parking space quota management step: when the number of applying vehicles reaches 80% of the quota, an early warning is sent to the property management. If the quota is exceeded for several consecutive months, the excess vehicles are automatically marked as temporary vehicles and their entry is restricted during peak hours.

[0030] Preferably, it also includes an exception handling step:

[0031] In case of minor anomalies, the backup model will be invoked to retry and the request will be sent to the property management for review.

[0032] When there is a moderate anomaly (damaged / unlicensed vehicle), guide visitors to scan the code to register and trigger secondary verification by the owner;

[0033] In case of severe abnormality (equipment failure), initiate dual-machine hot standby switching and send audible and visual alarms.

[0034] Preferably, the property monitoring process in step (5) includes:

[0035] The management platform allows users to view parking space usage status, authorization records, and financial data in real time, and generates visual reports such as traffic flow statistics and equipment failure rates. It also supports exporting data to Excel on a daily / weekly / monthly basis, providing data support for management decisions.

[0036] Preferably, it also includes an overdue payment processing step:

[0037] When the account balance is lower than the preset balance value, a balance reminder will be sent. A grace period can be set. After the grace period expires, new authorizations will be prohibited and charges will be applied at a multiple rate for temporary vehicles. Overdue fees will be calculated at a daily interest rate and late payment fees can be applied for by the owner by submitting proof.

[0038] On the other hand, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a processor; and a memory storing computer-readable instructions, wherein when executed by the processor, the computer-readable instructions implement any of the methods described above for the application of a barrier gate based on lightweight access control management for owners and properties.

[0039] On the other hand, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein at least one instruction is stored in the storage medium, the at least one instruction being loaded and executed by a processor to implement any of the above-described methods for the application of a barrier gate based on lightweight access control management for owners and properties.

[0040] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0041] 1. Lightweight Management: The system is deployed in the cloud and uses mobile applications, eliminating the need for property management companies to invest heavily in hardware, thus reducing system construction costs. Owners and property staff can complete most operations via mobile phones or computers, achieving truly lightweight management.

[0042] 2. Cost savings: Achieve two-way optimization of "cost reduction and revenue increase": (1) Labor costs: Automated processes reduce 80% of repetitive work in property management (such as visitor registration and license plate verification), and can reduce security configuration by 30% (based on a 100,000㎡ community, annual labor cost savings of RMB180,000 to RMB250,000); (2) Operating costs: The equipment adopts industrial-grade low-power components (standby power consumption < 5W), reducing annual electricity costs by 40%, and supports remote diagnosis (fault location accuracy rate of 95%), reducing on-site maintenance costs; (3) Value-added revenue: Local merchant advertisements (such as surrounding restaurants and housekeeping services) are embedded in the temporary call interface, and revenue is shared based on the number of clicks (RMB0.50 for each effective click), resulting in an additional annual revenue of RMB20,000 to RMB50,000; (4) Capital efficiency: The prepayment model deposits a capital pool (based on 300 homeowners × RMB500 pre-deposited, depositing RMB150,000), improving cash flow stability.

[0043] 3. Cost savings: Reduced need for property security and management personnel, lowering labor costs. Automated billing reduces cash management risks and human error rates, improving financial management efficiency. Low system maintenance costs, with average annual maintenance expenses not exceeding 5% of the system construction cost.

[0044] 4. Flexible Expansion: The system adopts a modular design, allowing for gradual expansion of functions based on the actual needs of the community, such as adding charging pile management, express delivery locker linkage, and intelligent inspection. It supports unified management of multiple communities, facilitating group-based property management operations.

[0045] 5. Data-Driven Decision Making: By statistically analyzing vehicle entry and exit data, parking fee data, and parking space usage data, property management can gain a deeper understanding of the community's traffic conditions and residents' needs, optimize management strategies, and improve service quality. For example, they can rationally arrange parking guidance based on peak parking usage times and adjust traffic signs within the community according to visitor vehicle types. Attached Figure Description

[0046] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0047] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a barrier gate application system and application method based on lightweight access control management for owners and property management, provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an advance reservation process provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3This is a flowchart of an automatic license plate recognition entry process provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] In embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily," "for example," etc., are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" in the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present the concept in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or either one.

[0053] In the embodiments of this invention, the terms "image" and "picture" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction between them, they convey the same meaning. Similarly, the terms "of," "corresponding (relevant)," and "corresponding" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction between them, they convey the same meaning.

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, sometimes a subscript such as W1 may be mistakenly written as a non-subscript form such as W1. When the difference is not emphasized, the meaning they express is the same.

[0055] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0056] This invention provides a barrier gate application system and method based on lightweight access control management for owners and property management. The method can be implemented by an electronic device, which can be a terminal or a server.

[0057] This solution's app can be integrated with the Instant Access Control system's backend. Owners can confirm door opening, manage independently, and call the app based on the gate system.

[0058] The specific implementation details of this plan will be described in detail below.

[0059] 1. System Composition

[0060] 1.1 Hardware System

[0061] 1.1.1 License Plate Recognition Module: Utilizing a 2-megapixel high-definition camera and a deep learning license plate recognition algorithm, it supports the recognition of various license plate types, including blue plates, yellow plates, and new energy vehicle license plates, achieving an accuracy rate of over 99.7% and a recognition speed of ≤0.3 seconds per vehicle. The camera features strong light suppression and backlight compensation functions, adapting to complex lighting environments.

[0062] 1.1.2 Barrier Gate Control Terminal: Utilizes an industrial-grade embedded motherboard with a 1.5GHz clock speed, 1GB of RAM, and 8GB of storage, supporting multiple communication methods (Ethernet, 4G). It integrates multiple relay outputs to control peripherals such as the barrier gate motor and LED screen. It features surge and lightning protection, making it suitable for harsh outdoor environments.

[0063] 1.1.3 Owner's Mobile Device (hereinafter referred to as Owner's APP): Supports smartphones with iOS 10.0+ and Android 6.0+ systems. Remote management functions are achieved by installing the "Instant Access Control" APP. The APP supports facial recognition login and fingerprint login to ensure account security.

[0064] 1.1.4 Property Management Terminal: Includes desktop computers, tablets, and handheld inspection devices. Access to the management platform via a browser or dedicated client software enables remote monitoring and management of the gate system.

[0065] 1.1.5 Payment Terminal: A QR code scanner and NFC card reader are installed at the exit of the barrier gate, supporting multiple payment methods such as WeChat Pay, Alipay, and UnionPay QuickPass. A built-in receipt printer can print parking fee receipts.

[0066] 1.2 Software System

[0067] 1.2.1 License Plate Recognition Algorithm Module: Developed based on the deep learning framework TensorFlow, it adopts a two-stage "detection-recognition" architecture. The first stage uses the YOLOv8 object detection model (input resolution 640×640) to achieve license plate region localization (accuracy 99.5%), supporting simultaneous detection of multiple license plates (up to 3 vehicles / frame). The second stage uses a CNN+LSTM+CTC hybrid model for character recognition, including 3 convolutional layers (for extracting texture features), 2 bidirectional LSTM layers (for temporal feature modeling), and the CTC loss function (to solve the problem of variable-length character alignment). The training dataset contains 300,000 real-world license plate images (covering 32 license plate types and 200+ lighting conditions), and the robustness of the model is improved through Mosaic data augmentation (random rotation ±15°, scaling 0.8-1.2x, and color dithering). It has the following enhanced processing capabilities: (1) Tilt correction: ±30° license plate angle correction based on Hough transform; (2) Damage recovery: U-Net image restoration network is used to process license plates with occlusion area ≤20%; (3) Blur enhancement: ESRGAN super-resolution algorithm is used to improve the clarity of low-resolution images (PSNR≥28dB). The algorithm takes an average of 0.25 seconds per vehicle for recognition, and the recognition accuracy remains above 98.5% even under extreme conditions (heavy rain, backlight, night).

[0068] 1.2.2 Lightweight Access Control Management Platform: Adopts a microservice architecture design, deployed on a cloud server, and supports elastic expansion. The platform includes functional modules such as user management, vehicle management, permission management, fee management, report statistics, and linkage control. New linkage control module: (1) Device association configuration: Supports setting a 1:N association relationship between the gate and the unit door (such as associating the main entrance gate with the unit doors of buildings 1-3); (2) Status synchronization service: Uses WebSocket long connection to synchronize the authorization status of the gate and the unit door in real time (delay < 500ms); (3) Timeout cancellation mechanism: When the authorization time expires or the vehicle passes through the gate, the authorization information of the associated device is automatically cancelled; (4) Abnormal alarm: When the communication of the linkage device fails or the verification timeout occurs, the property platform will trigger an audible and visual alarm and push a processing suggestion.

[0069] 1.2.3 Owner's APP Application: Features visitor reservation, license plate management, remote door opening, parking payment, message notification, and linked authorization management. A new "Multi-Gateway Association Authorization" module has been added, supporting the selection of multiple gate devices (main entrance / underground garage / side door) and unit doors, with a unified authorization validity period (5-120 minutes). The interface adopts Material Design language, with a simple and intuitive operation flow. The authorization page displays the linkage status of each device in real time (e.g., "Gateway authorized / Unit door pending synchronization").

[0070] 1.2.4 Payment and Settlement System: Integrates third-party payment interfaces (WeChat Pay, Alipay, UnionPay), supporting various payment methods such as prepayment, postpayment, and parking voucher deduction. It includes functions such as transaction record keeping, reconciliation and settlement, and refund processing.

[0071] 1.2.5 Data Synchronization Service: Real-time data synchronization between the owner's APP, the gate terminal, and the management platform is achieved using the MQTT protocol. Data transmission is encrypted with SSL to ensure information security.

[0072] 2. Functionality and Interaction Flow

[0073] 2.1 Visitor Vehicle Management Function

[0074] 2.1.1 As Figure 2 The advance reservation process shown is as follows: The owner opens the "Instant Access Control" APP, enters the "Visitor Reservation" page, fills in the visitor's name, mobile phone number, license plate number (supports OCR scanning and input), arrival time (accurate to the minute), expected stay duration and other information, clicks the "Authorization Scope" tab to select associated devices (multiple options can be selected, such as main entrance gate, underground garage gate, and No. 1 building unit door), sets the authorized valid time period (default 2 hours, supports custom 1-24 hours), and then clicks the "Payment Method" tab to expand the payment menu: (1) Annual payment: After selection, it will jump to the package purchase page (e.g., / * includes 1800 yuan / year, 2800 yuan / 2 years options), which supports automatic renewal; (2) Prepayment: Enter the prepaid amount (minimum 50 yuan), which can be used to offset subsequent visitor parking fees; (3) Parking voucher: Select available vouchers from the account voucher package (divided into 3-hour / 5-hour / full-day vouchers); (4) Instant payment: After checking, the visitor will pay by himself when leaving. After selection, the system displays an estimated cost (e.g., "Estimated parking time: 3 hours, cost: 9 yuan") and a list of authorized devices. After confirming that everything is correct, submit the reservation. The system generates a 12-digit reservation code (including a check digit) and notifies the visitor via SMS / Push notification (content: "You have been authorized to enter XX community, reservation code 123456, valid until X month X day X hour, you can pass through the main entrance and the unit door of Building 1"). At the same time, the license plate, payment method, authorization validity period, associated device ID, and other information are written to the blockchain for evidence storage (using the Hyperledger Fabric consortium blockchain).

[0075] 2.1.2 As Figure 3The automatic license plate recognition for entry is as follows: When a visitor vehicle arrives at the gate of the community, the inductive loop triggers the license plate recognition module to start (response time ≤ 0.1 seconds). The camera completes the license plate capture → preprocessing → character recognition process within 0.3 seconds, and the recognition result is uploaded to the cloud in real time through the WebSocket encrypted channel (TLS1.3 protocol). The system performs three-level verification: (1) License plate validity verification (matching the license plate rule library of the Ministry of Public Security); (2) Appointment status verification (checking the validity of the appointment code, arrival time ± 30-minute buffer period); (3) Payment status verification (prepaid account balance ≥ estimated cost, annual payment package within the validity period). After all verifications pass, the gate control terminal receives the gate opening instruction (temporary authorization token with timestamp), drives the brushless motor to lift the pole at a speed of 1.0 second / time, and simultaneously sends a linkage authorization signal (including license plate and remaining time limit) to the associated unit door / other gates selected during the appointment. The unit door enters the pre-open state (maintaining for 30 seconds waiting to be triggered). The LED screen dynamically displays "Welcome, the unit door has been pre-opened (remaining 10 minutes)", and the voice module plays a customized welcome message ("Ms. Zhang's visitor has entered, and the unit door is synchronously authorized"). The entry data is synchronized to the owner's APP (delay < 1 second), and the APP home page displays a floating notification "Visitor [Li XX] has entered, can pass through the main entrance and the unit door of Building 1, valid until 18:00".[[ID={1}]] [[ID={2}]]

[0076] 2.1.3 Temporary call for entry process: When an unappointed visitor arrives at the gate, they enter the owner's room number (supporting fuzzy query) through the touch screen of the control box or scan the QR code at the gate to initiate a call. The system automatically triggers: (1) Silent license plate recognition (without showing the result); (2) The AI camera captures the face of the driver's seat (supporting the scenario of wearing a mask); (3) Generates a call interface with an advertisement area (the top 30% area displays a carousel advertisement of local merchants). The call request is pushed to the owner's APP through APNs / Firebase Cloud Messaging, and the message bar shows "Temporary visitor [license plate number: Yue A XX123] requests entry". The APP displays three columns of information: a real-time video stream on the left (encoded in H.265, supporting voice intercom), a license plate + face information card on the right (including similarity score), and an operation area at the bottom ("Allow entry", "Reject", "Transfer to property" buttons + multi-device selection box). After the owner checks "Main entrance gate + Unit door of Building 2" and clicks "Allow entry", they select the payment method (owner withholding / visitor self-care), and the system generates a 5-minute valid global authorization (synchronized to the selected devices). The APP shows "The main entrance gate and the unit door of Building 2 have been authorized, remaining 4 minutes and 30 seconds", and simultaneously pushes an advertisement click revenue notice ("The advertising revenue of 0.5 yuan for this call has been credited"). If there is no response within 30 seconds, the system automatically triggers secondary verification: sends a text message verification code to the owner, and entering it correctly can extend the authorization application time by 15 seconds. If there is still no response, it will be transferred to the property seat (the pop-up screen shows the visitor portrait and the status of associated devices).

[0077] 2.1.4 Exit Payment Process: When a visitor vehicle arrives at the exit gate, the license plate recognition module completes license plate matching within 1 second and retrieves the entry record. The system calculates the fee according to the pre-stored rules: (1) Owner Payment Mode: Automatically deducts the fee from the owner's account balance / parking voucher (sends a push notification of failed deduction when insufficient, supports emergency recharge within the APP). After successful deduction, the gate lifts and pushes "Visitor [Wang XX] has left the venue, and the consumption this time is 8 yuan" to the owner's APP; (2) Visitor Payment Mode: The LED screen displays a QR code (including amount, license plate, and parking duration information), and the voice prompts "Please scan the code to pay 8 yuan". It supports: ① WeChat / Alipay scan code (jumps to the H5 payment page, including the brand logo of "Miaodao Group"); ② NFC quick payment (completes payment by approaching the card reader); ③ Cash payment (triggers property management manual intervention). After payment is completed, the gate lifts within 0.8 seconds, and the receipt printer automatically outputs a voucher (including a QR code authenticity verification logo). Abnormal Handling Mechanism: (1) License Plate Recognition Failure: Pop up an artificial input box, support fuzzy query (such as entering "Yue AXX" to display a list of matching license plates); (2) Payment Timeout (no payment within 120 seconds): The gate voice prompts "Payment timeout, please contact the property management", and at the same time pushes an alarm to the patrol security handheld terminal.

[0078] 2.2 Vehicle Management Function for Owners

[0079] 2.2.1 License Plate Registration Process: The owner clicks "Add Vehicle" on the "Vehicle Management" page of the APP and enters a three-step registration process: ① Enter basic information (the license plate number supports automatic filling by scanning the vehicle license, and the vehicle type / color is automatically recommended through image recognition); ② Upload the property certificate (supports taking photos of the front and back pages of the vehicle license → OCR automatic verification → watermark addition); ③ Bind the parking space (select from the list of purchased parking spaces, supports multi-parking space association). After submission, the system performs intelligent pre-audit: (1) License Plate Authenticity Verification (connects to the traffic management 12123 API); (2) Property Ownership Verification (compares the address on the vehicle license with the property registration address); (3) Parking Space Matching Verification (ensures that it is not occupied by other vehicles). After the pre-audit is passed, it is pushed to the property management background. The property management staff views the pending review list on the management platform (including risk prompts: such as "This owner has registered 2 vehicles, and the current community parking space limit is 2 vehicles"), and the owner is notified through the APP within 10 minutes of the approval / rejection result. Historical data shows that 92% of the registration applications can complete the entire process within 1 hour.

[0080] 2.2.2 Automatic Entry Process: When a vehicle registered by the owner arrives at the entrance gate, the license plate recognition module identifies the license plate and compares it with the authorized vehicle list in the system. After successful matching, the gate automatically lifts and放行, without the need for the owner to operate. The system records the vehicle entry time and updates the parking space occupancy status.

[0081] 2.2.3 Parking Management Function: The "Parking Management" module of the owner's APP displays a complete view of parking assets, including: (1) Parking status dashboard (bound vehicles, remaining authorized slots, usage statistics charts); (2) Operation function area (add / delete vehicles, change bound parking spaces, apply for temporary authorization, multi-gate association settings). Owners can click "Multi-gate association" to select the gate devices to be authorized (main entrance / underground garage / side gate), set the passage time (such as weekdays 7:00-22:00), and submit it to the property management for review. The property management company sets the parking space authorization rules through the management platform: (1) Basic quota: 1 property parking space corresponds to 2 vehicle authorization quotas, and 2 additional quotas are added for each additional property parking space (maximum 8); (2) Excess review: When the number of vehicles applied for exceeds the quota, the system triggers the manual review process, and property management personnel can view the application reasons (such as "family new car purchase"), vehicle usage frequency (number of times entering the venue in the past 3 months) and other auxiliary decision-making information; (3) Temporary exemption: Owners are allowed to apply for a "15-day excess trial period" (once a year), and a reminder is sent 3 days before the expiration. Excess handling mechanism: (1) Warning stage: When the quota reaches 80%, the APP pushes "About to exceed the quota, 2 / 2 vehicles have been registered"; (2) Restriction stage: When excess vehicles enter the venue, they are charged according to the temporary vehicle standard (5 yuan for the first hour, 2 yuan / hour thereafter); (3) Alarm stage: When the excess occupancy lasts for 3 consecutive months, the property management company sends a written rectification notice and suspends the remote authorization function.

[0082] 2.3 Property Management Back-End Functions

[0083] 2.3.1 Parking Space Allocation Management: Property management personnel set up a parking space authorization rule engine on the management platform. The basic quota is "1 property parking space = 2 vehicle authorization slots" (maximum 8 slots / household). Dynamic control is achieved through the following mechanisms: (1) Quota calculation: The system automatically associates property and parking space ownership data and updates the available authorization slots in real time (e.g., 2 property parking spaces automatically release 4 slots); (2) Over-quota warning: When the number of applied vehicles reaches 80% of the quota, a warning is pushed to the property management (e.g., "The owner of 101 in Building 3 has registered 3 / 4 vehicles, and the quota is about to be exceeded"); (3) Manual review: Over-quota applications Trigger a three-level review process (front desk clerk initial review → supervisor review → manager approval), and the review interface displays auxiliary decision-making data (average number of vehicle entries per month, proof of ownership, and historical violation records); (4) Temporary exemption: Allow owners to apply for a "15-day over-limit experience period" once a year, and remind them via APP / SMS 72 hours before the expiration date; (5) Continuous over-limit processing: When the over-limit quota is occupied for 3 consecutive natural months, the system will automatically mark the over-limit vehicle as a "temporary vehicle" and restrict its entry permission during peak hours (7:00-9:00, 17:00-19:00).

[0084] 2.3.2 Fee Standard Settings: Property management companies can customize parking fee standards on the management platform, supporting various billing methods such as per duration, per visit, and per vehicle type. Differentiated fee standards can be set for different areas (such as surface parking spaces and underground garages) and different time periods (such as daytime and nighttime).

[0085] 2.3.3 Report Statistical Analysis: The system automatically generates vehicle entry and exit statistics reports, parking fee reports, parking space utilization reports, etc. Reports support daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly queries and can be exported to Excel format. Data visualization charts display trends in community traffic flow, peak parking space usage times, and other information, providing data support for property management decisions.

[0086] 2.3.4 Equipment Monitoring and Management: Property staff can monitor the operational status of the barrier gate equipment in real time through the management platform, including the barrier gate's opening and closing status, license plate recognition success rate, equipment temperature, network connection status, etc. When equipment malfunctions, the system automatically sends alarm information to the property staff's mobile phones for timely repair.

[0087] 3. Control Logic

[0088] 3.1 License Plate Recognition Control Logic

[0089] 3.1.1 License Plate Information Acquisition: After the gate camera acquires the original image (resolution 1920×1080), a three-level preprocessing process is initiated: (1) Image Optimization: Denoise is removed by Gaussian filtering (5×5 convolution kernel) → contrast is enhanced by CLAHE algorithm → distortion is corrected based on camera intrinsic parameter matrix; (2) License Plate Detection: The YOLOv8 target detection model (confidence threshold 0.85) is called to locate the license plate area and output the bounding box coordinates (x,y,w,h), supporting simultaneous detection of multiple license plates (up to 3 vehicles / frame); (3) Feature Enhancement: The following are performed on the located area: ① Tilt Correction (Hough transform detection angle, bilinear interpolation rotation correction ±30°); ② Damage Repair (U-Net network fills the occluded area, repair area ≤20%); ③ Super-Resolution Enhancement (ESRGAN algorithm increases the resolution of low-resolution image by 2 times, PSNR≥28dB). The processed image is transmitted to the recognition module through shared memory, and the whole process takes ≤0.15 seconds.

[0090] 3.1.2 Character recognition and matching: A CNN+LSTM+CTC hybrid model is used to perform character recognition: (1) Feature extraction: 3 convolutional layers (3×3 convolutional kernels, ReLU activation) extract character texture features and output a 128-dimensional feature map; (2) Temporal modeling: 2 bidirectional LSTM layers (256 hidden units) capture character sequence dependencies; (3) Decoding output: CTC loss function solves the alignment of variable-length characters and outputs a 7-character sequence (including province abbreviation + letter + number). The recognition results are verified in three levels: ① Rule verification (matching GB / T 36900-2018 license plate coding rules); ② Fuzzy matching (comparing with similar license plates in the database, edit distance ≤ 1); ③ Historical verification (matching degree of the entry records in the past 3 months ≥ 80%). When the matching is successful, structured data containing license plate number, confidence level (≥ 95%), and collection timestamp is generated and transmitted to the cloud through an SSL encrypted channel.

[0091] 3.1.3 Anomaly Handling Mechanism: Establish a graded anomaly response system: (1) Mild anomaly (recognition confidence 85%-95%): Automatically trigger algorithm retry (call backup ResNet-34 model), and simultaneously push suspicious license plate images to the property management verification terminal; (2) Moderate anomaly (damage / obstruction > 20%, vehicle without license plate): The gate LED screen displays "Please scan code to register", and the visitor uploads vehicle information (model / color) by scanning the code via WeChat. The system generates a temporary entry code (valid for 15 minutes) and simultaneously triggers secondary verification (sends a text message containing a verification code to the owner, and authorization can be extended only if the code is entered correctly); (3) Severe anomaly (equipment failure / network interruption): Immediately start dual-machine hot standby switching (backup recognition terminal takes over), and simultaneously send an audible and visual alarm to the property management (red light flashing on the management platform + text message notification). During the fault, the gate and unit door linkage function is automatically downgraded to manual mode.

[0092] 3.2 Access Control Logic

[0093] 3.2.1 Multi-level permission management: The system sets up different roles such as super administrator (property manager), operator (property clerk), owner, and visitor, and each role is assigned different operation permissions. Add device association configuration permissions: (1) Property permissions: can set the 1:N association relationship between the gate and the unit door (such as the main entrance gate associating with the unit doors of buildings 1-3), and configure linkage verification rules (such as the unit door must pass verification within 30 seconds after the gate is opened); (2) Owner permissions: can select the authorization range of multiple gates (main entrance / underground garage / side door), and set the passage time of the associated unit door (the same duration as the gate authorization); (3) Visitor permissions: only have the passage permission of the specified gate and unit door within the authorized time period, and cannot be used across devices.

[0094] 3.2.2 Vehicle Access Verification: After receiving the license plate recognition result, the gate terminal first verifies whether the license plate is in the authorized list. If it is in the authorized list, it further checks: (1) Time validity (the current time is within the authorized time period); (2) Device association (whether it has been synchronously authorized to the associated unit door); (3) Quota limit (not exceeding the authorized number of parking spaces). When all conditions are met, the gate opens simultaneously to the gate and the associated unit door, and the unit door remains in a pre-open state for 30 seconds to wait for the vehicle to arrive. If the vehicle does not pass through the gate within the authorized time, the system automatically cancels the authorization of all associated devices and triggers a secondary verification request (pushing "Extend authorization for 10 minutes" to the owner's APP).

[0095] 3.2.3 Temporary Authorization Management: Temporary authorizations generated by owners through the APP adopt a four-dimensional control system of "token-validity-multi-device linkage-audit": (1) Token generation: After the owner clicks "temporary authorization" and completes the second verification of face recognition, the system generates a 128-bit ECC encrypted authorization token (including visitor license plate, authorization time period, and a list of associated device IDs). It supports selecting multiple gates and unit doors, and the validity period is customizable (15 minutes to 24 hours); (2) Transmission control: The token is pushed to all associated devices (gate + unit door) through the WebSocket channel. The "broadcast-confirmation" mechanism is adopted. The gate is opened only after all devices receive the token successfully (response timeout < 500ms). Otherwise, it is retransmitted 3 times. (3) Status synchronization: Establish heartbeat synchronization between devices (interval of 2 seconds). If the authorization of any device fails (such as timeout / passage), the authorization of other devices will be cancelled simultaneously. The APP displays the status of each device in real time ("gate is open / unit door is waiting for verification"); (4) Secondary verification trigger: If the vehicle does not pass through the first gate within the authorization period, the system will immediately push "timeout" to the owner's APP and provide the options of "extend authorization" (add 10 minutes) or "cancel authorization". If the extension is selected, the identity (fingerprint / face) needs to be re-verified; (5) Audit traceability: The authorization record is written to the blockchain for evidence storage (including device linkage log and status synchronization timestamp), which supports the property management to access the complete authorization link.

[0096] 3.3 Fee Control Logic

[0097] 3.3.1 Billing Rule Engine: The system automatically calculates parking fees based on parameters such as vehicle entry time, exit time, vehicle type, and charging standard using a billing rule engine. It supports various promotional activities (such as parking voucher discounts and spending-based reductions), and the promotional rules can be flexibly configured on the management platform.

[0098] 3.3.2 Payment process control: Construct a multi-mode payment processing engine: (1) Owner deduction: When leaving the premises, the system automatically executes: ① Check the balance of the pre-payment account (≥ this fee) → deduct the corresponding amount → generate an electronic voucher; ② When the balance is insufficient: push "Insufficient balance" to the owner's APP (including quick recharge entrance), and at the same time keep the gate open for 3 minutes to wait for recharge; ③ Parking voucher deduction: prioritize the use of vouchers that are about to expire (remaining validity period < 7 days), and the deduction order is: full-day voucher → 5-hour voucher → 3-hour voucher; (2) Visitor payment: Supports: ① Scan code payment (WeChat / Alipay H5 page, including the "Miaodao Group" brand logo) → the gate is raised within 10 seconds after payment is completed; ② NFC flash payment (sensing within 3cm of the card reader, supporting Apple Pay / UnionPay flash payment); ③ Cash payment (triggers the alarm of the property patrol terminal, and the security guard collects the payment by holding a POS machine); (3) Abnormal handling: If the payment timeout (not completed within 180 seconds) is exceeded, the license plate is automatically captured and added to the "list of vehicles to be recovered", and the property sends a reminder SMS (including payment QR code) the next day.

[0099] 3.3.3 Arrears Handling Mechanism: Establish a tiered arrears management system: (1) Early warning stage: When the account balance is less than 50 yuan, a "balance reminder" (including the details of the last 3 consumption transactions) will be pushed; (2) Grace period management: A 7-day grace period for arrears is allowed (calculated from the first arrears date). During the grace period, normal passage is allowed, but a daily reminder notice will be pushed; (3) Restrictive measures: After the grace period expires: ① New authorized vehicles are prohibited; ② Vehicles exceeding the limit will be charged at twice the temporary vehicle rate; ③ When leaving the gate, the LED screen will scroll to display "Arrears of XXX yuan, please pay in time"; (4) Late payment rules: Late payment will be calculated at a daily interest rate of 0.05% (capped at 50 yuan) for arrears exceeding 30 days, and will be deducted from the principal in subsequent recharges; (5) Special exemption: If the owner submits an "Explanation of Arrears" (such as long-term business trip) and uploads proof, the property management can suspend billing (maximum 30 days) after review and approval.

[0100] This application can solve the following technical problems:

[0101] (1) Problem of homeowners having to go to the property office: In the traditional model, homeowners need to go to the property office to handle vehicle registration, parking space change and other business, which is time-consuming and laborious. This solution enables homeowners to apply and process online through the homeowner's APP, and the property management back office reviews the application. The whole process is paperless, and the average processing time is reduced from 30 minutes to less than 5 minutes, which solves the pain point of homeowners having to go to the property office.

[0102] (2) Parking fee disputes: Under the manual fee collection model, problems such as incorrect collection, omissions, and price negotiations are prone to occur, causing dissatisfaction among owners and visitors. This solution adopts automatic billing and electronic payment, with transparent and open fee standards and traceable transaction records, effectively reducing fee disputes and increasing owners' trust.

[0103] (3) Problems with chaotic parking management: Traditional parking management in residential communities relies on manual registration and paper records, which can easily lead to problems such as parking spaces being occupied and information not being updated in a timely manner. This solution uses a digital parking management system to update the parking space occupancy status in real time, supports online inquiries and applications from homeowners, and allows property management to accurately grasp the parking space usage situation, thereby improving the utilization rate of parking spaces.

[0104] (4) Property management work efficiency issues: Property staff need to manually register visitor information, verify vehicle permissions, and collect parking fees, which is a heavy workload and inefficient. This solution can reduce repetitive work by automating processes and intelligent management, allowing property staff to focus on more important service work.

[0105] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 4 As shown, electronic device 410 may include a first processor 2001.

[0106] Optionally, the electronic device 410 may also include a memory 2002 and a transceiver 2003.

[0107] The first processor 2001, memory 2002, and transceiver 2003 can be connected via a communication bus.

[0108] The following is combined with Figure 4 A detailed description of each component of electronic device 410 is provided below:

[0109] The first processor 2001 is the control center of the electronic device 410. It can be a single processor or a collective term for multiple processing elements. For example, the first processor 2001 can be one or more central processing units (CPUs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement embodiments of the present invention, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

[0110] Optionally, the first processor 2001 can perform various functions of the electronic device 410 by running or executing software programs stored in the memory 2002 and calling data stored in the memory 2002.

[0111] In a specific implementation, as one example, the first processor 2001 may include one or more CPUs, for example... Figure 4 CPU0 and CPU1 are shown in the diagram.

[0112] In a specific implementation, as one example, the electronic device 410 may also include multiple processors, for example... Figure 4 The first processor 2001 and the second processor 2004 are shown in the diagram. Each of these processors can be a single-core processor or a multi-core processor. Here, a processor can refer to one or more devices, circuits, and / or processing cores used to process data (such as computer program instructions).

[0113] The memory 2002 is used to store the software program that executes the present invention, and is controlled by the first processor 2001 to execute it. The specific implementation method can be referred to the above method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0114] Optionally, the memory 2002 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device capable of storing static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device capable of storing information and instructions, or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compressed optical discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal optical discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but not limited thereto. The memory 2002 may be integrated with the first processor 2001 or may exist independently and be connected via the interface circuit of the electronic device 410. Figure 4 (Not shown in the image) is coupled to the first processor 2001, and this embodiment of the invention does not specifically limit this.

[0115] The transceiver 2003 is used to communicate with network devices or with terminal devices.

[0116] Alternatively, transceiver 2003 may include a receiver and a transmitter. Figure 4 (Not shown separately). The receiver is used to implement the receiving function, and the transmitter is used to implement the transmitting function.

[0117] Optionally, the transceiver 2003 can be integrated with the first processor 2001, or it can exist independently and be connected via the interface circuit of the electronic device 410. Figure 4 (Not shown in the image) is coupled to the first processor 2001, and this embodiment of the invention does not specifically limit this.

[0118] It should be noted that, Figure 4 The structure of the electronic device 410 shown does not constitute a limitation on the router. Actual knowledge structure identification devices may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0119] Furthermore, the technical effects of the electronic device 410 can be referred to the technical effects of the barrier gate application system and application method based on lightweight access control management for owners and property described in the above method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0120] It should be understood that the first processor 2001 in the embodiments of the present invention may be a central processing unit (CPU), or it may be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.

[0121] It should also be understood that the memory in the embodiments of the present invention can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of random access memory (RAM) are available, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous DRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous DRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous linked DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM).

[0122] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware (such as circuits), firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present invention are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more sets of available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium. A semiconductor medium can be a solid-state drive.

[0123] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following related objects, but it can also represent an "and / or" relationship. Please refer to the context for a more accurate understanding.

[0124] In this invention, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be a single item or multiple items.

[0125] It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0126] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0127] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the devices, apparatuses, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0128] In the several embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0129] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0130] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0131] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0132] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A barrier gate application system based on lightweight access control management for owners and property management, characterized in that, This includes a license plate recognition module, a barrier gate control terminal, a homeowner's app, a property management platform, and a payment and settlement module, among which: The license plate recognition module is used to collect and identify vehicle information. The barrier gate control terminal is used to control the opening and closing of the barrier gate based on the authorization result. The owner's app is used for vehicle registration, authorization management, and parking fee payment. The property management platform is used for parking space quota management and permission configuration. The payment and settlement module supports multiple payment methods and overdue payment management.

2. A method for applying a barrier gate based on lightweight access control management for owners and property management, implemented based on the barrier gate application system for lightweight access control management for owners and property management as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) The owner submits the vehicle registration application and relevant supporting documents through the APP, and the property management enters the information into the system after review and approval; (2) When a visitor vehicle arrives at the gate, the license plate recognition module collects and recognizes the license plate information and compares it with the owner's preset authorized list; (3) When the match is successful and the limit is not exceeded, the barrier gate will open automatically and the system will record the entry time; (4) Upon exiting the parking area, the fee will be automatically calculated based on the parking duration and charging standard, and deducted from the owner's account according to the preset payment method or paid by the visitor by scanning the code; (5) The property management company monitors the parking space usage status, processes excess applications, and generates statistical reports through the management platform.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The owner vehicle registration process in step (1) includes: By uploading photos of license plates and property ownership certificates through the app, and filling in information such as vehicle brand and color, the system triggers multi-level property management review after submission. Once the review is approved, the system automatically allocates authorized parking spaces and updates the parking space quota status in real time.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The license plate recognition process in step (2) includes: Gaussian filtering for noise reduction, CLAHE algorithm for contrast enhancement, and Hough transform for tilt correction are employed. The license plate area is located using the YOLOv8 model, and characters are recognized based on a CNN+LSTM+CTC hybrid model. Three levels of verification (rule verification / fuzzy matching / historical verification) are performed.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The authorization verification logic in step (3) includes: The system checks in real time whether the number of vehicles applying exceeds the parking space quota set by the property management. If the quota is not exceeded, the gate will be opened automatically. If the quota is exceeded, a manual review process will be triggered, and auxiliary decision-making data such as the average number of vehicle entries per month and proof of ownership will be displayed.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The payment processing flow in step (4) includes: When the owner makes a deduction, the system automatically checks the prepayment account balance. If the balance is insufficient, it sends a recharge reminder and keeps the gate open for 3 minutes. Visitors can pay using WeChat / Alipay QR code or NFC quick payment. The barrier will lift within 10 seconds after payment is completed. Parking voucher deduction and overdue payment management are supported.

7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes parking space quota management steps: when the number of applying vehicles reaches 80% of the quota, an early warning is sent to the property management. If the quota is exceeded for several consecutive months, the excess vehicles will be automatically marked as temporary vehicles and restricted from entering during peak hours.

8. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes exception handling steps: In case of minor anomalies, the backup model will be invoked to retry and the request will be sent to the property management for review. When there is a moderate anomaly (damaged / unlicensed vehicle), guide visitors to scan the code to register and trigger secondary verification by the owner; In case of severe abnormality (equipment failure), initiate dual-machine hot standby switching and send audible and visual alarms.

9. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The property monitoring process in step (5) includes: The management platform allows users to view parking space usage status, authorization records, and financial data in real time, and generates visual reports such as traffic flow statistics and equipment failure rates. It also supports exporting data to Excel on a daily / weekly / monthly basis, providing data support for management decisions.

10. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes steps for handling overdue payments: When the account balance is lower than the preset balance value, a balance reminder will be sent. A grace period can be set. After the grace period expires, new authorizations will be prohibited and charges will be applied at a multiple rate for temporary vehicles. Overdue fees will be calculated at a daily interest rate and late payment fees can be applied for by the owner by submitting proof.

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