A real-time ecological monitoring system for a rocky desertification photovoltaic area based on multi-source sensor fusion

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of real-time ecological monitoring systems of rocky desertification photovoltaic area based on multi-source sensing fusion, including support module, power generation module, weather sensing module, soil monitoring module and wireless communication module, power generation module and weather sensing module are installed on support module, soil monitoring module is installed on the side of support module, wireless communication module is set in the top of support module, wireless communication module is coupled with weather sensing module and soil monitoring module, and wireless communication module is connected with cloud server through wireless network, and the controller of terminal equipment is connected with cloud server through wireless network.The application can ensure the long-term stable installation of monitoring equipment in harsh environment through the synergistic effect of the four-pyramid structure at the bottom of the fixed pile, the side fixed anchor and the locking agent bottle;The application realizes labor-saving operation through worm gear transmission and slidable handle design, greatly reduces the construction difficulty in complex terrain, and improves the efficiency and adaptability of system deployment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of field monitoring equipment technology, specifically to a real-time ecological monitoring system for rocky desertification photovoltaic areas based on multi-source sensor fusion. Background Technology

[0002] Karst desertification is a serious ecological problem in karst regions caused by the combined effects of natural factors and human activities, resulting in land degradation, vegetation destruction, and large-scale exposure of bedrock. Therefore, during the construction of photovoltaic power plants in karst areas, long-term, continuous, and multi-dimensional real-time monitoring of the ecological environment is of great significance for understanding its evolution patterns, assessing the effectiveness of remediation efforts, and formulating scientific prevention and control strategies.

[0003] Currently, environmental monitoring in rocky desertification areas mainly relies on manual periodic sampling or fixed-point observation stations, which suffers from problems such as long data acquisition cycles, limited spatial coverage, and poor timeliness. In recent years, with the development of the Internet of Things and sensor technology, some studies have begun to explore the construction of automated monitoring systems. These systems utilize meteorological and soil sensors to achieve remote data acquisition and transmission. Ground sensor networks, such as soil temperature and humidity sensors, rain gauges, weather stations, and vegetation growth monitors, can achieve continuous and real-time acquisition of key ecological parameters. Wireless communication technology transmits the data to a central platform, compensating for the shortcomings of remote sensing data in terms of temporal resolution and ground-based verification.

[0004] While existing technologies offer some examples of ecological monitoring for desertification, such as Chinese patent CN201620773565.8 which discloses an ecological monitoring system for desertified grasslands, this system uses sensors to monitor grassland humidity and temperature in real time. However, it primarily focuses on desertification control and lacks resilience against overturning, sustainability, and applicability, making it unsuitable for long-term environmental monitoring in desertified areas. In summary, traditional monitoring systems often rely on single technologies, such as using only a single type of sensor, making it difficult to integrate multiple monitoring modules. Since rocky desertification is the result of the coupled effects of vegetation degradation, soil erosion, bedrock exposure, and hydrological changes, existing single indicators cannot comprehensively reflect its evolutionary process. Therefore, a real-time ecological monitoring system for rocky desertification photovoltaic areas is needed to address these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned technical problems by providing a real-time ecological monitoring system for rocky desertification photovoltaic areas based on multi-source sensor fusion. This system has the advantages of autonomous power supply, multi-parameter fusion monitoring, and adaptive stable installation, thus solving the problem that traditional monitoring systems rely on a single technical means, making it difficult to integrate and use multiple monitoring modules.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention:

[0007] A real-time ecological monitoring system for a rocky desertification photovoltaic area based on multi-source sensor fusion includes a support module, a power generation module, a meteorological sensor module, a soil monitoring module, and a wireless communication module. The power generation module and the meteorological sensor module are mounted on the support module, the soil monitoring module is mounted on the side of the support module, and the wireless communication module is located on the top of the support module. The wireless communication module is coupled to the meteorological sensor module and the soil monitoring module. The wireless communication module is connected to a cloud server via a wireless network, and the cloud server is connected to the controller of the terminal device via a wireless network.

[0008] The support module includes a main support rod, a base, a fixed pile, a slider, two sets of side fixing anchors, and a locking agent bottle. The two sets of side fixing anchors are mirror-installed inside the fixed pile. A first spring is sleeved on the outside of each side fixing anchor, and the side fixing anchor is elastically connected to the fixed pile through the first spring. The bottom of the slider is provided with a top head that cooperates with the side fixing anchor, and the top of the side fixing anchor is provided with a guide surface that fits with the top head. A rotatably connected lead screw is provided inside the base, and a screw hole that cooperates with the lead screw is provided on the top of the slider. A worm gear is provided on the side of the lead screw, and a worm that cooperates with the worm gear is provided on the side of the base. A third sliding groove is provided inside the side fixing anchor, and the locking agent bottle is installed in the third sliding groove.

[0009] The power generation module includes wind turbine blades, two sets of photovoltaic panels, a generator, and a control box. The generator is fixedly mounted on the main support rod, and the wind turbine blades are also fixedly mounted on the main support rod to drive the generator. The two sets of photovoltaic panels are respectively mounted on the front and rear sides of the main support rod. The control box is mounted on the main support rod and contains an energy storage battery and a controller. The photovoltaic panels and the generator are electrically connected to the energy storage battery, which is electrically connected to the weather sensing module, the soil monitoring module, and the wireless communication module.

[0010] The weather sensing module includes a wind speed sensor, a wind direction sensor, a rainfall sensor, and a camera. The wind speed sensor is installed on the left side of the main support rod, the wind direction sensor is installed at the lower end of the wind speed sensor, the rainfall sensor is installed on the right side of the main support rod, and the camera is installed on the side of the rainfall sensor.

[0011] The soil monitoring module includes a TDR soil moisture sensor, a humidity sensor, and a pH sensor, which are respectively installed on the side of the main support rod.

[0012] The fixed pile is provided with a fourth sliding groove on the left and right sides for sliding cooperation with the side fixed anchor. The end of the worm is provided with a collar, and a crank handle is provided inside the collar for sliding connection.

[0013] A rubber pad is provided inside the third chute, and an overflow hole communicating with the third chute is provided on the side wall of the side fixing anchor. A chemical locking agent is provided inside the locking agent bottle.

[0014] The slider has a fifth slide groove on its side, and a slidably connected striker is provided in the fifth slide groove. The striker has a second slide groove, and a second spring is provided in the second slide groove. The two sets of strikers are elastically connected by the second spring.

[0015] The slider is also provided with a first sliding groove on its side, and a sliding buckle is provided in the first sliding groove. A retaining plate is provided at the bottom of the buckle. A retaining groove for cooperating with the firing pin is provided on the lower end face of the retaining plate. A limiting flange is provided at the end of the firing pin. Top plates are provided on the left and right sides of the retaining plate.

[0016] The bottom of the fixed pile is a four-sided pyramidal structure, and the left and right sides of the top are both inclined structures.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0018] This invention significantly improves anchoring stability in loose sand by utilizing the synergistic effect of the fixed pile's bottom quadrangular pyramid structure, the built-in side fixing anchor, and the locking agent bottle. The sliding block presses down to drive the top head to squeeze out the side fixing anchor, and the impact pin mechanism breaks the locking agent bottle, causing the locking agent to seep out and solidify into a root-like solidified body. This greatly enhances the pull-out resistance and overturning resistance, effectively addressing the soft and easily collapsing geological conditions of rocky desertification areas, and ensuring the long-term stable installation of monitoring equipment in harsh environments.

[0019] This invention achieves labor-saving operation and controllability of the installation process through worm gear transmission and sliding crank design, greatly reducing the construction difficulty in complex terrain, eliminating the need for other construction equipment, avoiding damage to the landform, and the overall structural design takes into account both functionality and engineering practicality. It not only ensures the diversity and reliability of monitoring data, but also improves the efficiency and adaptability of system deployment, and realizes long-term stable monitoring of rocky desertification areas.

[0020] This invention achieves autonomous power supply in the absence of mains power by combining a power generation module with wind turbine blades and photovoltaic panels, along with an energy storage battery and controller in the control box. This ensures the long-term continuous operation of the monitoring system and overcomes the problem of power supply in the field. The meteorological sensor module integrates wind speed, wind direction, and rainfall sensors and a camera, enabling real-time monitoring of wind erosion, rain erosion intensity, and vegetation dynamics. It also achieves low-power, long-distance data transmission through a LoRa wireless communication module, providing comprehensive and real-time meteorological and image data support for rocky desertification control. The soil monitoring module includes a TDR soil moisture sensor, a humidity sensor, and a pH sensor, arranged on the side of the support structure. It can accurately acquire key soil parameters, providing a data foundation for soil degradation assessment and ecological restoration in rocky desertification areas, and solving the monitoring problem in rocky desertification areas. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is an application layout diagram of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a first-view overall structural diagram of the monitoring system of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the monitoring system of the present invention from a second perspective;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a top view of the monitoring system of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is the invention Figure 4 Sectional view of AA in the middle;

[0026] Figure 6 This is the invention Figure 5 Cross-sectional view of the middle section (BB);

[0027] Figure 7 This is the invention Figure 6 Enlarged view at point C;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the support module of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 9 This is the invention Figure 8 Enlarged view at point E in the middle;

[0030] Figure 10 This is the invention Figure 7 Enlarged view at point D;

[0031] Figure 11 This is the invention Figure 7 Enlarged view of point F in the middle.

[0032] Attached reference numerals: 1-Support module, 2-Power generation module, 3-Meteorological sensor module, 4-Soil monitoring module, 5-Cloud server, 101-Main support rod, 102-Base, 103-Fixing pile, 104-Slider, 105-Side anchor, 106-Locking agent bottle, 107-Screw rod, 108-Worm gear, 109-Worm, 110-Striking pin, 111-Collar, 112-Crank handle, 113-First spring, 114-Snap fastener, 201-Wind turbine blade, 202-Photovoltaic panel, 203-Generator, 204-Control box, 205-Energy storage battery, 206-Controller, 301-Wind... Speed ​​sensor, 302-Wind direction sensor, 303-Rain sensor, 304-Camera, 305-Wireless communication module, 401-TDR soil moisture sensor, 402-Humidity sensor, 403-pH sensor, 1041-First chute, 1042-Fifth chute, 1043-Top head, 1051-Overflow hole, 1052-Third chute, 1053-Rubber pad, 1054-Guide surface, 1061-Chemical locking agent, 1101-Limiting flange, 1102-Second chute, 1103-Second spring, 1141-Top plate, 1142-Clamping plate, 1143-Clamping slot. Detailed Implementation

[0033] refer to Figures 1-11 A real-time ecological monitoring system for a rocky desertification photovoltaic area based on multi-source sensor fusion includes a support module 1, a power generation module 2, a meteorological sensor module 3, a soil monitoring module 4, and a wireless communication module 305. The power generation module 2 and the meteorological sensor module 3 are mounted on the support module 1, the soil monitoring module 4 is mounted on the side of the support module 1, and the wireless communication module 305 is located on the top of the support module 1. The wireless communication module 305 is coupled to the meteorological sensor module 3 and the soil monitoring module 4. The wireless communication module 305 is connected to a cloud server 5 via a wireless network, and the cloud server 5 is connected to the controller 206 of the terminal device via a wireless network.

[0034] The real-time ecological monitoring system for rocky desertification photovoltaic areas proposed in this application is a real-time ecological monitoring system for rocky desertification areas, mainly used for monitoring areas with photovoltaic power generation systems.

[0035] The support module 1 includes a main support rod 101, a base 102, a fixing post 103, a slider 104, two sets of side fixing anchors 105, and a locking agent bottle 106. The two sets of side fixing anchors 105 are mirror-mounted inside the fixing post 103. A first spring 113 is sleeved on the outer side of each side fixing anchor 105, and the side fixing anchor 105 is elastically connected to the fixing post 103 through the first spring 113. The bottom of the slider 104 is provided with a top head 1043 that cooperates with the side fixing anchor 105. The top of the fixed anchor 105 is provided with a guide surface 1504 that fits against the top head 1043. The base 102 is provided with a rotatably connected lead screw 107. The top of the slider 104 is provided with a screw hole that mates with the lead screw 107. The side of the lead screw 107 is provided with a worm gear 108. The side of the base 102 is provided with a worm 109 that mates with the worm gear 108. The side fixed anchor 105 is provided with a third sliding groove 1052. The locking agent bottle 106 is installed in the third sliding groove 1052.

[0036] The side fixing anchor 105 of the elastic sliding connection is inserted into the fixing pile 103 when not installed. When installation is required, the side fixing anchor 105 is pressed into the sand for auxiliary fixing, thereby overcoming the special geology of the rocky desertification area and improving the firmness of the fixation.

[0037] When the slider 104 slides downward, the bottom side face of the top head 1043 presses against the guide surface 1504 at the top of the side fixing anchor 105, thereby pushing the side fixing anchor 105 out through the horizontal component force, so that the side fixing anchor 105 is inserted into the sand for auxiliary fixation.

[0038] When the worm 109 is rotated, the worm wheel 108 and the worm 109 work together to drive the lead screw 107 to rotate, so that the slider 104 slides up and down under the action of the lead screw 107, thereby realizing the installation of the fixed anchor 105 on the opposite side. The worm wheel 108 and the worm 109 work together to reduce speed and reduce the difficulty of installation.

[0039] In this application, the locking agent bottle 106 is made of glass, making it easy to break upon impact.

[0040] The power generation module 2 includes wind turbine blades 201, two sets of photovoltaic panels 202, a generator 203, and a control box 204. The generator 203 is fixedly mounted on the main support rod 101, and the wind turbine blades 201 are fixedly mounted on the main support rod 101 to drive the generator 203. The two sets of photovoltaic panels 202 are respectively mounted on the front and rear sides of the main support rod 101. The control box 204 is mounted on the main support rod 101. The control box 204 contains an energy storage battery 205 and a controller 206. The photovoltaic panels 202 and the generator 203 are electrically connected to the energy storage battery 205. The energy storage battery 205 is electrically connected to the meteorological sensor module 3, the soil monitoring module 4, and the wireless communication module 305.

[0041] By using wind and solar power, the problem of power supply in the field is overcome. With the help of energy storage battery 205, the daily monitoring power needs can be met. The controller 206 receives and processes the data from various sensors, summarizes it and sends it back.

[0042] The weather sensing module 3 includes a wind speed sensor 301, a wind direction sensor 302, a rainfall sensor 303, and a camera 304. The wind speed sensor 301 is installed on the left side of the main support rod 101, the wind direction sensor 302 is installed at the lower end of the wind speed sensor 301, the rainfall sensor 303 is installed on the right side of the main support rod 101, and the camera 304 is installed on the side of the rainfall sensor 303.

[0043] Meteorological information is monitored by wind speed sensor 301, wind direction sensor 302 and rainwater sensor 303 to assess wind and sand erosion and rainwater erosion. The surrounding vegetation change trend is monitored by camera 304. The wireless communication module 305 transmits data back to cloud server 5 for storage and analysis with low power consumption and long distance.

[0044] In this application, the wireless communication module 305 is a LoRa wireless communication module.

[0045] The soil monitoring module 4 includes a TDR soil moisture sensor 401, a humidity sensor 402, and a pH sensor 403, which are respectively installed on the side of the main support rod 101.

[0046] The TDR soil moisture sensor 401 measures soil moisture content using the time domain reflectance principle, the humidity sensor 402 collects soil surface humidity, and the pH sensor 402 monitors soil acidity and alkalinity, thus achieving multi-dimensional monitoring of soil physicochemical properties.

[0047] In this application, the TDR soil moisture sensor 401 adopts the existing mature technology of model TDR-310N, the humidity sensor 402 adopts the existing mature technology of model Davis-6440, and the pH sensor 402 adopts the existing mature technology of model LE-438.

[0048] The fixed pile 103 has a fourth sliding groove 1031 on its left and right sides that slides with the side fixed anchor 105. The end of the worm gear 109 is provided with a collar 111, and a crank handle 112 is provided inside the collar 111.

[0049] The crank handle 112 drives the worm gear 109 to rotate, which increases the lever arm and reduces the difficulty of installation. The crank handle 112 structure with sliding connection adjusts the position of the crank handle 112 once every half turn, avoiding interference between the crank handle 112 and the base 102.

[0050] A rubber pad 1053 is provided inside the third chute 1052, an overflow hole 1051 communicating with the third chute 1052 is provided on the side wall of the side fixing anchor 105, and a chemical locking agent 1061 is provided inside the locking agent bottle 106.

[0051] The locking agent bottle 106 is installed in the third slide groove 1052 and is prevented from sliding by the rubber pad 1053. When the locking agent bottle 106 in the side fixing anchor 105 breaks, the chemical locking agent 1061 inside flows out from the overflow hole 1051 and spreads into the surrounding sand. When the chemical locking agent 1061 solidifies, it forms locking agent fixing claws like roots, which firmly grasp the sand, thereby greatly improving the stability of the support module 1.

[0052] In this application, the chemical locking agent used is HR-277 locking agent.

[0053] The slider 104 has a fifth slide groove 1042 on its side, and a slidably connected striker 110 is provided in the fifth slide groove 1042. A second slide groove 1102 is provided in the striker 110, and a second spring 1103 is provided in the second slide groove 1102. The two sets of strikers 110 are elastically connected by the second spring 1103.

[0054] Two sets of impact pins 110 compress the second spring 1103 to store energy. When the slider 104 completely squeezes out the side fixing anchor 105, the impact pin 110 just coincides with the axis of the locking agent bottle 106. Under the reset action of the second spring 1103, the impact pin 110 strikes the locking agent bottle 106, breaks it, and causes the chemical locking agent 1061 to flow out.

[0055] The slider 104 is also provided with a first slide groove 1041 on its side. A slidably connected buckle 114 is provided in the first slide groove 1041. A retaining plate 1142 is provided at the bottom of the buckle 114. A retaining groove 1143 that cooperates with the striker 110 is provided on the lower end surface of the retaining plate 1142. A limiting flange 1101 is provided at the end of the striker 110. Top plates 1141 are provided on the left and right sides of the retaining plate 1142.

[0056] The buckle 114 locks the limiting flange 1101 inside the edge of the locking agent bottle 106, fixing the striker 110 and preventing the striker 110 from popping out when not installed. When the slider 104 is pressed down to the action position, the edge of the side fixing anchor 105 pushes the top plate 1141 upward, causing the buckle 114 to slide upward, thereby causing the buckle 114 to lose its constraint on the striker 110 and instantly and quickly impact the locking agent bottle 106.

[0057] The bottom of the fixed pile 103 is a four-sided pyramidal structure, and the left and right sides of the top head 1043 are both inclined structures.

[0058] In this application, during the installation of the support module 1, the installation position of the base 102 is first determined according to the monitoring point requirements. An installation pit adapted to the fixed pile 103 is dug, and the four-sided pyramidal structure at the bottom of the fixed pile 103 is aligned with the installation pit. The pit is then backfilled and compacted, allowing the fixed pile 103 to be initially inserted into the sand. It is then reinforced with ground nails to provide a foundation support for subsequent fixing. At this time, the side fixing anchor 105 retracts into the fourth sliding groove 1031 of the fixed pile 103 under the elastic force of the first spring 113. The crank handle 112 in the collar 111 is slid to a suitable position, and the crank handle 112 is held to rotate the worm 109. Since the worm 109 cooperates with the worm wheel 108 on the side end face of the base 102, the rotation of the worm 109 drives the worm wheel 108 to rotate, which in turn drives the lead screw 107 coaxially connected to the worm wheel 108 to rotate. The screw hole at the top of the slider 104 engages with the lead screw 107. The rotation is converted into the downward sliding of the slider 104 in the vertical direction. The deceleration of the worm gear 108 and worm 109 effectively reduces the force required to turn the crank handle 112. The slidable crank handle 112 can be adjusted after each half-turn rotation to avoid spatial interference with the base 102 and ensure smooth operation. As the slider 104 moves downward, the top head 1043 at its bottom gradually contacts the guide surface 1504 at the top of the side fixed anchor 105. The inclined structures on both sides of the top head 1043 fit with the guide surface 1504. The vertical force generated by the continuous downward pressure of the slider 104 is converted into a horizontal component force, which pushes the side fixed anchor 105 to slide outward along the fourth slide groove 1031, overcomes the elastic force of the first spring 113, extends out of the fixed pile 103, and inserts into the surrounding sand. The two sets of mirror-installed side fixed anchors 105 form auxiliary support from the left and right sides, which greatly improves the anti-tipping ability of the support module 1.

[0059] When the slider 104 is pressed down to the preset position, the edge of the side fixing anchor 105 pushes up the top plate 1141 of the buckle 114 in the first slide groove 1041 on the side end face of the slider 104, causing the buckle 114 to slide upward along the first slide groove 1041. The slot 1143 of the bottom plate 1142 of the buckle 114 disengages from the limiting flange 1101 at the end of the striker 110, releasing the constraint on the striker 110. Under the action of the reset elastic force of the second spring 1103 in the second slide groove 1102, the striker 110 quickly pops out and impacts the side fixing anchor 105. The glass locking agent bottle 106 inside the third chute 1052 of the fixed anchor 105, after the locking agent bottle 106 breaks, the chemical locking agent 61 inside penetrates and spreads into the surrounding sand through the overflow hole 1051 on the side wall of the side fixed anchor 105. After the chemical locking agent 61 solidifies, it will form locking agent fixing claws similar to plant roots in the sand, which tightly binds the side fixed anchor 105 to the surrounding soil, further strengthening the overall stability of the support module 1 from a chemical perspective, so that it can adapt to the complex geological environment and climatic conditions of the rocky desertification area.

[0060] When this monitoring system is in operation, after the system is started, the power generation module 2 enters the working state first. The wind turbine blades 201 on the main support rod 101 rotate under the action of wind, driving the generator 203 to generate electricity. The photovoltaic power generation panels 202 on the front and rear sides use solar energy for photoelectric conversion. The generated electricity is rectified and regulated by the controller 206 in the control box 204. Part of it directly powers the meteorological sensor module 3, the soil monitoring module 4, and the wireless communication module 305, while the other part is stored in the energy storage battery 205. The controller 206 monitors the power status of the energy storage battery 205 in real time and automatically switches the power supply mode to ensure that the system can still maintain normal monitoring operation by relying on the energy storage battery 205 under extreme conditions such as no wind and cloudy days, thus solving the power supply problem in the field where there is no external power source.

[0061] Under the premise of stable power supply, the meteorological sensor module 3 and the soil monitoring module 4 simultaneously start data acquisition. The wind speed sensor 301 collects wind speed data of the monitoring area in real time, the wind direction sensor 302 records wind direction changes, and the rainfall sensor 303 captures rainfall information. The three work together to monitor meteorological elements, providing basic data for assessing the intensity of wind and sand erosion and rainwater erosion. When fusing the monitoring data of the TDR soil moisture sensor 401 and the humidity sensor 402, the weights are adjusted according to the error characteristics of the two under different soil moisture conditions. The accuracy of the fused soil moisture data is 15%-20% higher than that of a single sensor, providing a more reliable basis for assessing the degree of soil drought in rocky desertification areas. See Table 1 for reference.

[0062] Table 1

[0063]

[0064] Camera 304 captures images of the surrounding vegetation at preset time intervals, recording trends such as vegetation coverage and growth status. A TDR soil moisture sensor 401, installed on the side end of the main support rod 101, measures soil moisture content using the time-domain reflectometry principle. A humidity sensor 402 collects surface soil humidity, and a pH sensor 402 monitors soil acidity and alkalinity, enabling multi-dimensional monitoring of soil physicochemical properties. All three sensors—TDR soil moisture sensor 401, humidity sensor 402, and pH sensor 402—use digital output to convert the collected analog signals into digital signals, ensuring data accuracy and reliability.

[0065] The controller 206 inside the control box 204 periodically receives digital signals transmitted by each sensor according to a preset sampling frequency, and performs preliminary data processing, including adding timestamps, device numbers and other identification information. The processed data is transmitted outward through the wireless communication module 305 at the top of the main support rod 101. The wireless communication module 305 of this application adopts a LoRa wireless communication module. LoRa technology has the advantages of low power consumption and long-distance transmission, and can effectively penetrate the complex terrain of rocky desertification areas to send data to nearby gateway devices. The gateway devices access the Internet through 4G / 5G or satellite communication and upload the data to the cloud server 5 for centralized storage, realizing remote acquisition and management of monitoring data.

[0066] After receiving the data, the cloud server 5 first performs data preprocessing, including removing outliers (such as extreme data caused by sensor malfunctions), filling missing values ​​using linear interpolation or moving average methods, and data standardization to ensure data quality. After preprocessing, the data enters the analysis cloud server 5, which combines the rocky desertification assessment model to generate visual reports, trend curves, and thematic maps, providing data support for researchers to study the evolution of key ecological factors of rocky desertification. At the same time, the system is equipped with a threshold warning function. When wind speed or rainfall exceeds the safety threshold or soil pH value is abnormal, it automatically sends warning information to the terminal devices of management personnel so that protective measures can be taken in a timely manner.

[0067] In this application, the evaluation model is implemented as follows: The system first preprocesses and calibrates the meteorological, soil, and image data received from the cloud. Then, through index-based calculations, the raw data is transformed into key ecological factors such as wind erosion force, rainfall erosion force, soil drought index, and vegetation coverage. Subsequently, the model uses a weighted fusion algorithm to integrate these factors into a dynamic comprehensive assessment index of rocky desertification, and accurately determines the level and development trend of rocky desertification based on this index. Finally, the model not only generates visual reports and thematic maps for scientific research analysis, but also provides real-time decision support for managers through a dual early warning mechanism—real-time alarms for single factors exceeding safety thresholds and comprehensive early warnings of the deterioration trend of rocky desertification. This achieves closed-loop management from real-time perception to accurate assessment and scientific early warning.

Claims

1. A real-time ecological monitoring system for rocky desertification photovoltaic areas based on multi-source sensor fusion, characterized in that: The device includes a support module (1), a power generation module (2), a meteorological sensor module (3), a soil monitoring module (4), and a wireless communication module (305). The power generation module (2) and the meteorological sensor module (3) are mounted on the support module (1). The soil monitoring module (4) is mounted on the side of the support module (1). The wireless communication module (305) is located on the top of the support module (1). The wireless communication module (305) is coupled to the meteorological sensor module (3) and the soil monitoring module (4). The wireless communication module (305) is connected to the cloud server (5) via a wireless network. The cloud server (5) is connected to the controller (206) of the terminal device via a wireless network. The support module (1) includes a main support rod (101), a base (102), a fixed pile (103), a slider (104), two sets of side fixing anchors (105), and a locking agent bottle (106). The two sets of side fixing anchors (105) are mirror images installed inside the fixed pile (103). A first spring (113) is sleeved on the outside of each side fixing anchor (105). The side fixing anchor (105) is elastically connected to the fixed pile (103) through the first spring (113). The bottom of the slider (104) is provided with a top head (1043) that cooperates with the side fixing anchor (105). The top of the fixed anchor (105) is provided with a guide surface (1504) that fits against the top head (1043). The base (102) is provided with a rotatably connected screw rod (107). The top of the slider (104) is provided with a screw hole that mates with the screw rod (107). The side of the screw rod (107) is provided with a worm gear (108). The side of the base (102) is provided with a worm (109) that mates with the worm gear (108). The side fixed anchor (105) is provided with a third slide groove (1052). The locking agent bottle (106) is installed in the third slide groove (1052). The slider (104) has a fifth slide groove (1042) on its side. A slidably connected striker (110) is provided in the fifth slide groove (1042). A second slide groove (1102) is provided in the striker (110). A second spring (1103) is provided in the second slide groove (1102). The two sets of strikers (110) are elastically connected by the second spring (1103). The slider (104) is also provided with a first slide groove (1041) on its side. A sliding buckle (114) is provided in the first slide groove (1041). A retaining plate (1142) is provided at the bottom of the retaining plate (1142). A retaining groove (1143) that cooperates with the striker (110) is provided on the lower end face of the retaining plate (1142). A limiting flange (1101) is provided at the end of the striker (110). Top plates (1141) are provided on the left and right sides of the retaining plate (1142). The buckle (114) locks the limiting flange (1101) inside the edge of the locking agent bottle (106) to fix the firing pin (110), preventing the firing pin (110) from popping out when not installed. When the slider (104) is pressed down to the action position, the edge of the side fixing anchor (105) pushes the top plate (1141) upward, causing the buckle (114) to slide upward, so that the buckle (114) loses its constraint on the firing pin (110) and instantly and quickly impacts the locking agent bottle (106).

2. The real-time ecological monitoring system for rocky desertification photovoltaic areas based on multi-source sensor fusion as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The power generation module (2) includes wind turbine blades (201), two sets of photovoltaic power generation panels (202), a generator (203), and a control box (204). The generator (203) is fixedly installed on the main support rod (101), and the wind turbine blades (201) are fixedly installed on the main support rod (101) to drive the generator (203). The two sets of photovoltaic power generation panels (202) are respectively installed on the front and rear sides of the main support rod (101). The control box (204) is installed on the main support rod (101). The control box (204) is equipped with an energy storage battery (205) and a controller (206). The photovoltaic power generation panels (202) and the generator (203) are electrically connected to the energy storage battery (205). The energy storage battery (205) is electrically connected to the meteorological sensor module (3), the soil monitoring module (4), and the wireless communication module (305).

3. The real-time ecological monitoring system for rocky desertification photovoltaic areas based on multi-source sensor fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The meteorological sensing module (3) includes a wind speed sensor (301), a wind direction sensor (302), a rainfall sensor (303), and a camera (304). The wind speed sensor (301) is installed on the left side of the main support rod (101), the wind direction sensor (302) is installed at the lower end of the wind speed sensor (301), the rainfall sensor (303) is installed on the right side of the main support rod (101), and the camera (304) is installed on the side of the rainfall sensor (303).

4. The real-time ecological monitoring system for rocky desertification photovoltaic areas based on multi-source sensor fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil monitoring module (4) includes a TDR soil moisture sensor (401), a humidity sensor (402) and a pH sensor (403), which are respectively installed on the side of the main support rod (101).

5. The real-time ecological monitoring system for rocky desertification photovoltaic areas based on multi-source sensor fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed pile (103) is provided with a fourth sliding groove (1031) on the left and right sides, which is slidably engaged with the side fixed anchor (105). The end of the worm (109) is provided with a collar (111), and a crank (112) is slidably connected inside the collar (111).

6. The real-time ecological monitoring system for rocky desertification photovoltaic areas based on multi-source sensor fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rubber pad (1053) is provided inside the third chute (1052), an overflow hole (1051) communicating with the third chute (1052) is provided on the side wall of the side fixing anchor (105), and a chemical locking agent (1061) is provided inside the locking agent bottle (106).

7. The real-time ecological monitoring system for rocky desertification photovoltaic areas based on multi-source sensor fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the fixed pile (103) is a four-sided pyramidal structure, and the left and right sides of the top head (1043) are both inclined structures.

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