Beam-based sensing method and device

Abstract

A method in which a first device performs wireless communication and an apparatus supporting the same are provided. The first apparatus may: determine a beam for transmitting a sensing signal; transmitting at least one of index information of the beam and identification information of a second device receiving the beam; receiving information related to resources allocated based on at least one of index information of the beam and identification information of the second device; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the resource.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to wireless communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] 5G NR is the successor to LTE and a new type of mobile communication system with features such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, including low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] 6G (wireless communication) systems aim to achieve goals such as (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced power consumption of battery-less IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) networked intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision for 6G systems can include four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and 6G systems can meet the requirements shown in Table 1 below. In other words, Table 1 shows the requirements for 6G systems.

[0004] [Table 1] Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical solution

[0006] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a method for performing wireless communication by a first device can be provided. For example, the method may include: determining a beam for transmitting a sensing signal; transmitting at least one of index information of the beam or identification information of a second device receiving the beam; receiving information related to resources allocated based on at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the resources.

[0007] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a first apparatus suitable for performing wireless communication can be provided. For example, the first apparatus may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the first apparatus to perform operations including: determining a beam for transmitting a sensing signal; at least one of index information for transmitting the beam or identification information of a second device receiving the beam; receiving information related to resources allocated based on at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the resources.

[0008] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a processing apparatus suitable for controlling a first device can be provided. For example, the processing apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the first device to perform operations including: determining a beam for transmitting a sensing signal; at least one of index information for transmitting the beam or identification information of a second device receiving the beam; receiving information related to resources allocated based on at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the resources.

[0009] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. For example, when executed, the instructions can cause a first device to perform operations including: determining a beam for transmitting a sensing signal; at least one of index information for transmitting the beam or identification information of a second device for receiving the beam; receiving information related to resources allocated based on at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the resources. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 The present disclosure illustrates a communication architecture that may be provided in a 6G system based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] Figure 2 The electromagnetic spectrum is shown based on embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0012] Figure 3 Examples of typical NTN scenarios based on transparent payloads, based on embodiments of this disclosure, are shown.

[0013] Figure 4 Examples of typical NTN scenarios based on regenerative payloads, based on embodiments of this disclosure, are shown.

[0014] Figure 5 An example of sensing operation based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0015] Figure 6 The structure of a time slot for a frame based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0016] Figure 7 An example of a BWP based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0017] Figure 8 This illustrates a process by which a UE performs V2X or SL communication based on a resource allocation mode, according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0018] Figure 9An example of the architecture of a 5G system based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown, which is capable of locating a UE authorized to access a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) or an E-UTRAN.

[0019] Figure 10 An example of a network for measuring the location of a UE is shown, based on an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 11 An example of a protocol layer used to support LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message transmission between an LMF and a UE, based on an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown.

[0021] Figure 12 An example of a protocol layer used to support NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between LMF and NG-RAN nodes is shown based on an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0022] Figure 13 This is a diagram used to explain the OTDOA positioning method based on embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 14 A two-sided RTT based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0024] Figure 15 Beam management based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0025] Figure 16 A method for sensing an object based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0026] Figure 17 A method for performing wireless communication using a first apparatus based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0027] Figure 18 A method for obtaining the position of a first device using a second device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0028] Figure 19 A communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0029] Figure 20 A wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0030] Figure 21 A signal processing circuit for transmitting signals based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0031] Figure 22 Another example of a wireless device based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0032] Figure 23A handheld device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0033] Figure 24 The vehicle or autonomous vehicle shown is based on an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0034] In this disclosure, "A or B" may mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". In other words, in this disclosure, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, in this disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "A only", "B only", "C only", or "any combination of A, B and C".

[0035] The forward slash ( / ) or comma used in this disclosure can mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B". Therefore, "A / B" can mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C".

[0036] In this disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Furthermore, in this disclosure, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as "at least one of A and B".

[0037] Additionally, in this disclosure, "at least one of A, B, and C" may mean "A only", "B only", "C only" or "any combination of A, B, and C". Furthermore, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B, and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0038] Additionally, the brackets used in this disclosure may mean "for example". Specifically, when indicated as "Control Message (PDCCH)", this may mean that "PDCCH" is cited as an example of "Control Message". In other words, "Control Message" in this disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDDCH" may be cited as an example of "Control Message". Specifically, when indicated as "Control Message (i.e., PDCCH)", this may also mean that "PDCCH" is cited as an example of "Control Message".

[0039] In the following description, "when, if, or in the case of" can be replaced with "based on".

[0040] The technical features described in one of the accompanying drawings of this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0041] In this disclosure, higher-layer parameters can be parameters configured, pre-configured, or predefined for the UE. For example, a base station or network can send higher-layer parameters to the UE. For example, higher-layer parameters can be sent via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling or Media Access Control (MAC) signaling.

[0042] In this disclosure, "configured / configured or defined / defined" can be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured for the device via predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In this disclosure, "configured / configured or defined / defined" can be interpreted as being pre-configured for the device.

[0043] The technologies described below can be used in various wireless communication systems such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). CDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA-2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rate GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and 5G NR.

[0044] The technologies proposed in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technologies and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key features such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0045] Figure 1 The present disclosure illustrates a communication architecture that may be provided in a 6G system based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0046] In 6G, new network features may include the following.

[0047] - Satellite Integrated Network

[0048] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is innovative, and the evolution of wireless may evolve from "connected things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at every step of the communication process (or in each signal processing step described below).

[0049] - Seamless integration of wireless information and power transfer.

[0050] - Ubiquitous Hyper-3D Connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions for drones and low Earth orbit satellites will establish hyper-3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0051] Among the new network features of 6G, several general requirements are as follows.

[0052] - Small community network

[0053] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks

[0054] - High-capacity return

[0055] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision positioning (or location-based services) via communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0056] - Software-based and virtualized.

[0057] The core implementation technologies of 6G systems are described below.

[0058] - Artificial Intelligence (AI): When AI is introduced into communication, real-time data transmission can be simplified and improved. AI can use numerous analyses to determine methods for performing complex target tasks. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming operations such as switching, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by AI. AI can also play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine interactions. Additionally, AI may enable instant communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, smart structures, smart networks, smart devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-maintaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0059] - Terahertz (THz) Communication: Data rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-TH communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves are referred to as submillimeter radiation, typically indicating a frequency band between 0.1THz and 10THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03mm to 3mm. The 100GHz to 300GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered the main part of the THz band used for cellular communication. 6G cellular communication capacity increases when the sub-THz band is added to the millimeter-wave band. The defined THz band of 300GHz to 3THz is in the far-infrared (IR) band. The 300GHz to 3THz band is part of the optical band, but it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately follows the RF band. Therefore, the 300GHz to 3THz band is similar to RF. Figure 2 The electromagnetic spectrum is shown based on embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 2 The implementation methods can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure. Key features of THz communication include (i) a wide bandwidth capable of supporting very high data rates; and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated in highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for the integration of a greater number of antenna elements with devices and base stations operating in this band. Therefore, advanced adaptive placement techniques capable of overcoming range limitations can be used.

[0060] - Massive MIMO technology (MMIMO)

[0061] - Holographic Beamforming (HBF)

[0062] - Optical wireless technology

[0063] - Free Space Light (FSO) Backhaul Network

[0064] - Quantum communication

[0065] - Cellular communication

[0066] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0067] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0068] - Integrated access and backhaul networks

[0069] Big Data Analytics

[0070] - Reconfigurable smart surfaces

[0071] - Metaverse

[0072] - Blockchain

[0073] - Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, or drones, will become a crucial element of 6G wireless communication. In most cases, UAV technology can provide high-speed wireless data connectivity. Base station (BS) entities are installed within UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs can possess certain capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as ease of deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and freedom of mobility control. During emergencies such as natural disasters, deploying terrestrial telecommunications infrastructure is economically infeasible and sometimes unable to provide service in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle such situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communication. This technology promotes the three fundamental requirements of wireless networks, such as eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also be used for a variety of purposes, such as improving network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and monitoring, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is widely recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communication.

[0074] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM is a higher-level concept than Urban Air Mobility (UAM). UAM refers to air transport that can be used in urban areas and can also refer to transport vehicles that include movement between urban areas and regional hubs.

[0075] - Autonomous Driving (Autonomous Driving): Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) is a core element for establishing autonomous driving infrastructure. It can be a technology that enables vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I). To maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, high transmission speeds and low latency technologies are essential. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving may need to go beyond simply delivering warnings or guidance messages to the driver and actively intervene in vehicle operation and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations. Therefore, given the potentially enormous amount of information that needs to be sent and received, autonomous driving is expected to be maximized in 6G, which offers higher transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0076] - Non-terrestrial network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources on a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform). Figure 3 An example of a typical NTN scenario based on a transparent payload, based on an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown. Figure 4 An example of a typical NTN scenario based on a regenerable payload, based on an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown. Figure 3 or Figure 4 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. See also... Figure 3The satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with the UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) can connect to the gateway via a feeder link. The satellite can connect to the data network via the gateway. The beam coverage area refers to the area where the signal transmitted by the satellite can be received. (See reference...) Figure 4 A satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with the UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to the UE can connect to another satellite (or another UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). Another satellite (or another UAS platform) can connect to the gateway via a feeder link. Based on regenerated payloads, a satellite can connect to the data network via a gateway and another satellite. If no ISL exists between satellites, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required. Figure 3 and Figure 4 This is merely an example of an NTN scenario, and NTN can be implemented based on various types of scenarios. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can implement transparent or regenerated (with on-board processing) payloads. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can generate multiple beams over a designated service area based on its field of view. For example, the satellite's (or UAS platform's) field of view can vary depending on the on-board antenna pattern and minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload can include RF filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload can remain unchanged. For example, a regenerated payload can include RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decryption, switching and / or routing, and encoding / modulation. For example, a regenerated payload can be substantially equivalent to equipping a satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functionality.

[0077] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology enabler that acquires information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within that environment, using radio frequency (RF) to determine the distance (range), angle, or instantaneous linear velocity of an object. RF sensing capabilities can provide device-free object localization services because the object does not need to be connected via a device in the network. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from RF signals can provide a wide range of new functionalities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, people, animals, drones), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. For example, wireless sensing services can provide input to various vertical sectors (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) to enable applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle handling and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, health and activity monitoring, etc. In some cases, wireless sensing can also use non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service (i.e., sensing operation) can rely on the processing of the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing may have the opportunity to enhance traditional systems from communication networks to wireless and sensing networks. Figure 5 An example of sensing operation based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 5 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. Specifically, Figure 5 (a) shows an example of sensing (e.g., single-site sensing) with a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located in the same place, and Figure 5 (b) shows an example of sensing with separate sensing receivers and sensing transmitters (e.g., dual-station sensing).

[0078] The radio interface protocol layer between the UE and the network can be classified into Layer 1 (L1), Layer 2 (L2), and Layer 3 (L3) based on the well-known Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model in communication systems. The Physical (PHY) layer, belonging to Layer 1, provides information transmission services using physical channels, while the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, located in Layer 3, controls the radio resources between the UE and the network. For this purpose, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the UE and the BS layer.

[0079] The physical layer provides information transmission services to the upper layers through physical channels. The physical layer connects to the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, which is the upper layer, through transport channels. Data is transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer via transport channels. Transport channels are classified according to how data is transmitted through the radio interface and what characteristics of the data are transmitted.

[0080] Data is transmitted between different physical layers (i.e., the PHY layer of the transmitter and the PHY layer of the receiver) via a physical channel. The physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and the physical channel uses time and frequency as radio resources.

[0081] The MAC layer provides services to the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, which is higher than the MAC layer, via logical channels. The MAC layer provides the ability to map multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. The MAC layer also provides logical channel multiplexing by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC layer provides data transmission services through logical channels.

[0082] The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of Radio Link Control Service Data Units (RLC SDUs). To ensure the different Quality of Service (QoS) required by the Radio Bearer (RB), the RLC layer provides three types of operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Non-Acknowledgment Mode (UM), and Acknowledgment Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ).

[0083] The Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is used to control the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of logical, transport, and physical channels associated with RBs. RBs are logical paths for data transmission between the UE and the network, provided by Layer 1 (i.e., the Physical Layer or PHY Layer) and Layer 2 (i.e., the MAC Layer, RLC Layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) Layer, and Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) Layer).

[0084] The Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) in the user plane performs functions including user data transmission, header compression, and encryption. The Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) in the control plane performs functions including control plane data transmission and encryption / integrity protection.

[0085] The Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in the user plane. The SDAP layer performs the mapping between Quality of Service (QoS) streams and Data Radio Bearers (DRBs), as well as the QoS Stream ID (QFI) tagging in both DL and UL packets.

[0086] The configuration of an Radio Bearer (RB) refers to the processing used to specify the radio protocol layer and channel attributes to provide specific services, as well as to determine the corresponding detailed parameters and operating methods. RBs can then be classified into two types: Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs) and Data Radio Bearers (DRBs). SRBs are used as paths for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs are used as paths for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0087] When an RRC connection is established between the UE's RRC layer and the E-UTRAN's RRC layer, the UE is in the RRC connected (RRC_CONNECTED) state; otherwise, the UE can be in the RRC idle (RRC_IDLE) state. In the NR case, an additional RRC inactive (RRC_INACTIVE) state is defined, and a UE in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain its connection with the core network while releasing its connection with the BS.

[0088] Data is transmitted from the network to the UE via downlink transport channels. Examples of downlink transport channels include the Broadcast Channel (BCH) for transmitting system information and the Shared Downlink Channel (SCH) for transmitting other user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services can be transmitted via the downlink SCH or via a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Furthermore, uplink transport channels for transmitting (or transmitting) data from the UE to the network include the Random Access Channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages and the Shared Uplink Channel (SCH) for transmitting other user traffic or control messages.

[0089] Examples of logical channels that belong to a higher layer than the transport channel and are mapped to the transport channel may include the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Paging Control Channel (PCCH), Common Control Channel (CCCH), Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), Multicast Service Channel (MTCH), etc.

[0090] Radio frames can be used to perform uplink and downlink transmissions. A radio frame is 10 ms long and can be defined as consisting of two half-frames (HF). A half-frame can include five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe (SF) can be divided into one or more time slots, and the number of time slots within a subframe can be determined according to the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each time slot can include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0091] With normal CP, each time slot can include 14 symbols. With extended CP, each time slot can include 12 symbols. In this paper, symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and single-carrier-FDMA (SC-FDMA) symbols (or Discrete Fourier Transform Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols).

[0092] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols (N) per slot based on the SCS configuration (μ) when using normal CP or extended CP. slot symb ), Number of time slots per frame (N) frame,μslot ) and the number of time slots per subframe (N) subframe ,μ slot ).

[0093] [Table 2]

[0094] Figure 6 The structure of a time slot for an NR frame according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 6 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0095] Reference Figure 6 A time slot comprises multiple symbols in the time domain. A carrier comprises multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A resource block (RB) can be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain (e.g., 12 subcarriers). A bandwidth portion (BWP) can be defined as multiple consecutive (physical) resource blocks ((P)RBs) in the frequency domain, and a BWP can correspond to a set of parameters (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N BWPs (e.g., 5 BWPs). Data communication can be performed via active BWPs. Each element can be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and a complex number of symbols can be mapped to each element.

[0096] A bandwidth portion (BWP) can be a contiguous set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) within a given set of parameters. PRBs can be selected from a contiguous set of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given set of parameters on a given carrier.

[0097] Figure 7 An example of a BWP according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 7 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. It is assumed that in... Figure 7 In this implementation, the number of BWPs is 3.

[0098] Reference Figure 7 A Common Resource Block (CRB) can be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier frequency band to the other. Alternatively, a Producer Resource Block (PRB) can be a resource block numbered within each BWP. Point A can indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0099] It can be determined by point A and the offset (N) relative to point A. start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWPThe BWP can be configured using a parameter set. For example, point A can be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier, with subcarrier 0 of all parameter sets (e.g., all parameter sets supported by the network on the corresponding carrier) aligned at point A. For example, the offset can be the PRB distance between the lowest subcarrier in a given parameter set and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given parameter set.

[0100] Sidelink synchronization signals (SLSS) can include a primary sidelink synchronization signal (PSSS) and a secondary sidelink synchronization signal (SSSS) as sidelink (SL) specific sequences. The PSSS can be referred to as the primary sidelink synchronization signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS can be referred to as the secondary sidelink synchronization signal (S-SSS). For example, a 127-character M-sequence can be used for the S-PSS, and a 127-character Gold sequence can be used for the S-SSS. For example, a UE can use the S-PSS for initial signal detection and synchronization acquisition. For example, a UE can use both the S-PSS and S-SSS for detailed synchronization acquisition and for detecting the synchronization signal ID.

[0101] The Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH) can be a (broadcast) channel used to transmit default (system) information that the UE must know before SL signal transmission / reception. For example, the default information could be related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), Time Division Duplex (TDD) uplink / downlink (UL / DL) configuration, resource pool information, and application types related to SLSS, subframe offset, and broadcast information. For instance, to evaluate PSBCH performance in NR V2X, the PSBCH payload size can be 56 bits, including 24 bits of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

[0102] S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH can be included in a block format that supports periodic transmission (e.g., SL synchronization signal (SS) / PSBCH block, hereinafter, sidelink synchronization signal block (S-SSB)). The S-SSB can have the same parameter set (i.e., SCS and CP lengths) as the Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) / Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth can exist within a (pre-)configured sidelink (SL) BWP. For example, the S-SSB can have a bandwidth of 11 resource blocks (SBs). For example, the PSBCH can exist across 11 RBs. Additionally, the frequency location of the S-SSB can be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the UE does not need to perform hypothesis detection at the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0103] In this disclosure, PSCCH can be replaced by control channel, physical control channel, side-link related control channel, side-link related physical control channel, etc. In this disclosure, PSSCH can be replaced by shared channel, physical shared channel, side-link related shared channel, side-link related physical shared channel, etc.

[0104] Figure 8 This illustrates the process by which a UE performs V2X or SL communication based on a resource allocation mode, according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 8 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0105] Reference Figure 8 In (a) of resource allocation mode 1, the base station can schedule SL resources that will be used by the UE for SL transmission. For example, in step S800, the base station can send information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to the first UE. For example, UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, UL resources may be resources used to report SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0106] For example, the first UE can receive information related to Dynamic Grant (DG) resources and / or Configuration Grant (CG) resources from the base station. For example, CG resources may include CG Type 1 resources or CG Type 2 resources. In this disclosure, DG resources can be resources configured / allocated to the first UE by the base station via Downlink Control Information (DCI). In this disclosure, CG resources can be (periodic) resources configured / allocated to the first UE by the base station via DCI and / or RRC messages. For example, in the case of CG Type 1 resources, the base station can send an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first UE. For example, in the case of CG Type 2 resources, the base station can send an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first UE, and the base station can send a DCI related to the activation or release of the CG resources to the first UE.

[0107] In step S810, the first UE can send the PSCCH (e.g., Side Link Control Information (SCI) or Level 1 SCI) to the second UE based on resource scheduling. In step S820, the first UE can send the PSSCH (e.g., Level 2 SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) associated with the PSCCH to the second UE. In step S830, the first UE can receive the PSFCH associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second UE. For example, it can receive HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK or ACK information) from the second UE via the PSFCH. In step S840, the first UE can send / report the HARQ feedback information to the base station via PUCCH or PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station can be information generated by the first UE based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second UE. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station can be information generated by the first UE based on pre-configured rules. For example, the DCI can be a DCI used for SL scheduling.

[0108] Reference Figure 8 In (b) of the resource allocation mode 2, the UE can determine the SL transmission resources within the SL resources configured by the base station / network or the pre-configured SL resources. For example, the configured SL resources or the pre-configured SL resources can be a resource pool. For example, the UE can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the UE can perform SL communication by autonomously selecting resources within the configured resource pool. For example, the UE can autonomously select resources within a selection window by performing a sensing process and a resource (re)selection process. For example, sensing can be performed on a sub-channel basis. For example, in step S810, the first UE, which has selected resources from the resource pool, can send the PSCCH (e.g., Side Link Control Information (SCI) or Level 1 SCI) to the second UE using the resources. In step S820, the first UE can send the PSSCH (e.g., Level 2 SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) associated with the PSCCH to the second UE. In step S830, the first UE can receive the PSFCH associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second UE.

[0109] Reference Figure 8In (a) or (b), for example, the first UE may send an SCI to the second UE via a PSCCH. Alternatively, for example, the first UE may send two consecutive SCIs (e.g., a level 2 SCI) to the second UE via a PSCCH and / or a PSSCH. In this case, the second UE may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., a level 2 SCI) to receive the PSSCH from the first UE. In this disclosure, an SCI sent via a PSCCH may be referred to as the first SCI, first-level SCI, or first-level SCI format, and an SCI sent via a PSSCH may be referred to as the second SCI, second-level SCI, second-level SCI, or second-level SCI format.

[0110] For example, the first-level SCI format may include SCI format 1-A and / or SCI format 1-B, and the second-level SCI format may include SCI format 2-A, SCI format 2-B, SCI format 2-C and / or SCI format 2-D.

[0111] The following section will describe an example of SCI format 1-A.

[0112] SCI format 1-A is used to schedule PSSCH and the second-level SCI on PSSCH.

[0113] The following information was sent using SCI format 1-A: - Priority - 3 bits - Frequency resource allocation - When the value of the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured to 2, ceiling(log2(N)) SL subChannel (N) SL subChannel +1) / 2)) bits; otherwise, when the value of the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured to 3, ceiling log2(N) SL subChannel (N) SL subChannel +1)(2N SL subChannel +1) / 6) bits.

[0114] - Time resource allocation - 5 bits when the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured to 2; otherwise, 9 bits when the higher-level parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured to 3.

[0115] - Resource retention period - If the higher-level parameter sl-MultiReserveResource is configured, then ceiling(log2N)rsv_period ) bits, where N rsv_period This is the number of entries in the higher-level parameter sl-ResourceReservePeriodList; otherwise, it is 0.

[0116] - DMRS pattern - ceiling (log2N) pattern ) bits, where N pattern The number of DMRS patterns is configured by the high-level parameter sl-PSSCH-DMRS-TimePatternList.

[0117] - Second-level SCI format - 2 digits

[0118] - Beta_offset indicator -2 bits, as provided by the higher-level parameter sl-BetaOffsets2ndSCI

[0119] - Number of DMRS ports - 1 bit

[0120] - Modulation and coding scheme - 5 bits

[0121] - Additional MCS Table Indicator - 1 bit if one MCS table is configured by the higher-level parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table; 2 bits if two MCS tables are configured by the higher-level parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table; otherwise, 0 bits.

[0122] - PSFCH overhead indicator - 1 bit if the higher-level parameter sl-PSFCH-Period = 2 or 4; otherwise, 0 bits.

[0123] - Reserved - The number of bits determined by the higher-level parameter sl-NumReservedBits, whose value is set to zero.

[0124] The following describes an example of SCI format 2-A.

[0125] SCI format 2-A is used for decoding PSSCH, where HARQ operation is used when the HARQ-ACK message includes ACK or NACK, when the HARQ-ACK message only includes NACK, or when there is no HARQ-ACK message feedback.

[0126] The following information should be sent using SCI format 2-A: - HARQ process number - 4 digits - New data indicator - 1 bit - Redundant version - 2 bits - Source ID - 8 digits - Destination ID - 16 digits - HARQ feedback enable / disable indicator - 1 bit - Broadcast type indicator - 2 bits, as defined in Table 3 - CSI Request - 1 bit [Table 3]

[0127] The following describes an example of SCI format 2-B.

[0128] SCI format 2-B is used for PSSCH decoding. HARQ operation is used when the HARQ-ACK information only includes NACK or when there is no HARQ-ACK feedback.

[0129] The following information should be sent using SCI format 2-B: -HARQ process number-4 digits -New data indicator-1 bit -Redundant version-2 bits -Source ID-8 digits -Destination ID- 16 digits -HARQ feedback enable / disable indicator-1 bit -Region ID-12 digits -Communication range requirement-4 bits determined by the higher-level parameter sl-ZoneConfigMCR-Index Reference Figure 8 In step (a) or (b), the first UE may receive the PSFCH in step S830. For example, the first UE and the second UE may determine the PSFCH resource, and the second UE may use the PSFCH resource to send HARQ feedback to the first UE.

[0130] Reference Figure 8 In step (a), the first UE can send SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH in step S840.

[0131] The location will be described below.

[0132] Figure 9 An example of an architecture in a 5G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, the 5G system being able to locate UEs accessing a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) or an E-UTRAN. Figure 9 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0133] Reference Figure 9The AMF can receive requests for location services related to a specific target UE from different entities such as the Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC), or it can determine whether to initiate location services in the AMF itself rather than in the specific target UE. The AMF can then send a location service request to the Location Management Function (LMF). Upon receiving a location service request, the LMF can process the request and return a processing request to the AMF, including the estimated location of the UE. Simultaneously, if a location service request is received from a different entity other than the AMF, such as the GMLC, the AMF can pass the processing request received from the LMF to that different entity.

[0134] Next-generation evolved NBs (ng-eNBs) and gNBs are NG-RAN network elements capable of providing measurement results for location estimation, measuring radio signals for a target UE, and transmitting result values ​​to the LMF. Additionally, ng-eNBs can control several transport points (TPs), such as remote radio heads for E-UTRA-supported beacon systems based on Position Reference Signals (PRS) or dedicated PRS TPs.

[0135] The LMF can connect to the Enhanced Serving Mobility Location Center (E-SMLC), and the E-SMLC can allow the LMF to access the E-UTRAN. For example, the E-SMLC can allow the LMF to support Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) by using downlink measurements obtained by the target UE through signals transmitted from the gNB and / or PRS dedicated TP in the E-UTRAN, which is one of the positioning methods of the E-UTRAN.

[0136] Simultaneously, the LMF can connect to the SUPL Location Platform (SLP). The LMF can support and manage different location determination services for the corresponding target UE. The LMF can interact with the serving ng-eNB or serving gNB for the target UE to obtain the UE's location measurement results. For the target UE's positioning, the LMF can determine the positioning method based on the Location Service (LCS) client type, requested Quality of Service (QoS), UE positioning capabilities, gNB positioning capabilities, and ng-eNB positioning capabilities, and can apply such positioning methods to the serving gNB and / or serving ng-eNB. Additionally, the LMF can determine supplementary information such as the target UE's location estimate and the accuracy of the location estimate and velocity. The SLP is the Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) entity responsible for positioning via the user plane.

[0137] The UE can measure downlink signals via NG-RAN, E-UTRAN, and / or other sources such as various Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Land Beacon Systems (TBS), Wireless Local Access Network (WLAN) access points, Bluetooth beacons, UE barometric pressure sensors, etc. The UE may include an LCS application. The UE can communicate with networks accessible to the UE, or access the LCS application through another application included in the UE. The LCS application may include the measurement and computation functions needed to determine the UE's location. For example, the UE may include independent positioning capabilities such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and can report the UE's location independently of NG-RAN transmissions. Location information obtained independently in this way can be used as supplementary information to location information obtained from the network.

[0138] Figure 10 An example of a network for measuring the location of a UE is shown, based on an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 10 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0139] When the UE is in the Connection Management (CM)-Idle state, if the AMF receives a location service request, the AMF can establish a signaling connection with the UE and can request the network to trigger a service to allocate a specific service gNB or ng-eNB. Figure 10 This process is omitted from the text. In other words, it can be... Figure 10 The system assumes the UE is in connected mode. However, due to signaling and data deactivation, the signaling connection can be released by the NG-RAN during the positioning process.

[0140] Reference Figure 10 The network operation process for measuring the location of a UE is described in detail. In step a1, a 5GC entity such as a GMLC may request the serving AMF to provide location services for measuring the location of the target UE. However, even if the GMLC does not request location services, based on step 1b, the serving AMF can determine that location services are needed for measuring the location of the target UE. For example, to measure the location of a UE used for an emergency call, the serving AMF may determine to directly perform location services.

[0141] Subsequently, the AMF can send a location service request to the LMF based on step 2, and the LMF can initiate a location procedure to obtain location measurement data or location measurement auxiliary data together with the serving ng-eNB and the serving gNB. Additionally, based on step 3b, the LMF can initiate a location procedure for downlink positioning together with the UE. For example, the LMF can send auxiliary data defined in 3GPP TS 36.355, or it can obtain location estimates or location measurements. Step 3b can be performed separately after step 3a, or it can be performed in place of step 3a.

[0142] In step 4, the LMF can provide a location service response to the AMF. Additionally, the location service response may include information regarding whether the UE's location estimation was successful and the UE's location estimation value. Subsequently, if initiated by step a1... Figure 10 In this process, AMF can transmit the location service response to the 5GC entity, such as GMLC, and if initiated by step 1b Figure 10 During the process, the AMF can use location service responses to provide location services related to emergency calls, etc.

[0143] Figure 11 An example of a protocol layer for supporting LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message transmission between an LMF and a UE, based on an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown. Figure 11 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0144] LPP PDUs can be sent between the AMF and UE via NAS PDUs. (See reference...) Figure 11 LPP can be terminated between a target device (e.g., a UE in the control plane or a SUPL-enabled terminal (SET) in the user plane) and a location server (e.g., an LMF in the control plane and an SLP in the user plane). LPP messages can be transmitted in the form of transparent PDUs via intermediate network interfaces using appropriate protocols such as the NG Application Protocol (NGAP) via the NG-Control Plane (NG-C) interface and NAS / RRC via the NR-Uu interface. The LPP protocol can enable location services for NR and LTE using various location methods.

[0145] For example, based on the LPP protocol, the target device and the location server can exchange mutual capability information, auxiliary data for positioning, and / or location information. Additionally, LPP messages can be used to indicate the exchange of error information and / or the interruption of the LPP process.

[0146] Figure 12 An example of a protocol layer for supporting NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between LMF and NG-RAN nodes, based on an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown. Figure 12 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0147] NRPPa can be used for information exchange between NG-RAN nodes and LMFs. Specifically, NRPPa can exchange Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID) for measurement, data supporting the OTDOA positioning method, and cell ID and cell location ID for the NR cell ID positioning method, etc., sent from the ng-eNB to the LMF. Even without information about associated NRPPa transactions, the AMF can route NRPPa PDUs based on the associated LMR's routing ID via the NG-C interface.

[0148] The NRPPa protocol procedures used for location and data collection can be classified into two types. The first type is UE-related procedures used to transmit information about a specific UE (e.g., location measurement information), while the second type is non-UE-related procedures used to transmit information applicable to NG-RAN nodes and related TPs (e.g., gNB / ng-eNB / TP timing information). Both types of procedures can be supported independently or simultaneously.

[0149] Meanwhile, examples of positioning methods supported in NG-RAN may include GNSS, OTDOA, Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID), barometric sensor positioning, WLAN positioning, Bluetooth positioning, and Land Beacon System (TBS), Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (UTDOA), etc.

[0150] (1) OTDOA (Observed Time Difference)

[0151] Figure 13 This is a diagram used to explain the OTDOA positioning method based on embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 13 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0152] The OTDOA positioning method uses the timing measurement of downlink signals received by the UE from the eNB, ng-eNB, and multiple TPs, including a dedicated PRS TP. The UE measures the timing of the received downlink signals using location assistance data received from a location server. Furthermore, the UE's location can be determined based on these measurements and the geometric coordinates of adjacent TPs.

[0153] A UE connected to a gNB can request a measurement gap from a TP for OTDOA measurements. If the UE cannot identify at least one TP's single-frequency network (SFN) in the OTDOA auxiliary data, the UE can use an autonomous gap to obtain the SNF of the OTDOA reference cell before requesting a measurement gap to perform Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurements.

[0154] In this paper, RSTD can be defined based on the minimum relative time difference between the boundaries of two subframes received from the reference cell and the measurement cell, respectively. That is, RSTD can be calculated based on the relative time difference between the start time of the subframe received from the measurement cell and the start time of the subframe of the reference cell whose start time is closest to that of the subframe received from the measurement cell. The reference cell can be selected by the UE.

[0155] For accurate OTDOA measurement, it may be necessary to measure the Time of Arrival (TOA) of signals received from three or more geographically distributed TPs or BSs. For example, the TOA can be measured for each of TP1, TP2, and TP3, and the RSTD of TP1-TP2, TP2-TP3, and TP3-TP1 can be calculated for the three TOAs. Based on this, a geometric hyperbola can be determined, and the point where these hyperbolas intersect can be estimated as the location of the UE. In this case, since the accuracy and / or uncertainty of each TOA measurement may exist, the estimated location of the UE can be referred to as a specific range based on measurement uncertainty.

[0156] For example, the RSTD of these two TPs can be calculated based on Equation 1.

[0157] [Formula 1]

[0158] In this article, c can be the speed of light, {x t , y t} can be the (unknown) coordinates of the target UE, {x i , y i {x1, y1} can be the coordinates of a (known) TP, and {x1, y1} can be the coordinates of a reference TP (or another TP). In this paper, (T) can be... i -T1) is called the "Real Time Difference (RTD)" as the transmission time offset between two TPs, and n i n1 can represent the value related to the UETOA measurement error.

[0159] (2) E-CID (Enhanced Cell ID)

[0160] In the Cell ID (CID) location method, the UE's location can be measured using the geographic information of its serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell. For example, the geographic information of the serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell can be obtained through paging, registration, etc.

[0161] In addition to the CID positioning method, the E-CID positioning method can also use additional UE measurements and / or NG-RAN radio resources to improve the UE location estimate. While some of the same measurement methods used in the measurement control system of the RRC protocol can be used in the E-CID positioning method, additional measurements are generally not performed solely for UE location measurement. In other words, measurement configuration or measurement control messages may not be provided additionally to measure the UE's location. Furthermore, the UE may not expect to request additional measurement operations solely for location measurement and can report measurement values ​​obtained through measurement methods that the UE can perform in a general manner.

[0162] For example, the serving gNB can use E-UTRA measurements provided by the UE to implement the E-CID positioning method.

[0163] Examples of measurement elements that can be used for E-CID positioning are as follows.

[0164] - UE Measurements: E-UTRA Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), E-UTRA Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx Time Difference, GSM EDGE Random Access Network (GERAN) / WLAN Reference Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), UTRAN Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) Received Signal Code Power (RSCP), UTRAN CPICH Ec / Io

[0165] - E-UTRAN measurements: ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference, timing advance (TADV), angle of arrival (AoA).

[0166] In this paper, TADV can be classified into Type 1 and Type 2 as follows.

[0167] TADV type 1 = (ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference) + (UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx time difference)

[0168] TADV type 2 = ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference

[0169] Simultaneously, AoA can be used to measure the UE's orientation. AoA can be defined as an estimated angle relative to the UE's position in a counter-clockwise direction from the BS / TP. In this case, the geographic reference direction can be north. The BS / TP can use uplink signals such as the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) and / or the Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) for AoA measurement. Furthermore, the larger the antenna array arrangement, the higher the AoA measurement accuracy. When the antenna array elements are arranged at equal intervals, the signals received from adjacent antennas can have a constant phase rotation.

[0170] (3) UTDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival)

[0171] UTDOA is a method for determining the location of a UE by estimating the arrival time of the SRS. When the estimated SRS arrival time is calculated, the UE's location can be estimated by using the serving cell as a reference cell via the time difference of arrival relative to another cell (or BS / TP). To implement UTDOA, the E-SMLC can indicate the serving cell of the target UE to indicate the SRS transmission to the target UE. Additionally, the E-SMLC can provide configurations such as whether the SRS is periodic / aperiodic, bandwidth, frequency / group / sequence hopping, etc.

[0172] (4) Round trip time (RTT)

[0173] RTT (Remote Time Tolerance) is a localization technique that allows measuring the distance between two entities, even if the target entity and the server entity are out of sync. If RTT is performed using multiple server entities, the distance to each server entity can be measured individually. Furthermore, by drawing circles using the distances measured from each server entity, absolute localization of the target entity can be performed through the intersection of these circles.

[0174] The RTT between two entities is performed as follows: Entity #1 can send PRS #1 at t1, and entity #2 can receive PRS #1 at t2. After entity #2 receives PRS #1, entity #2 can send PRS #2 at t3, and entity #1 can receive PRS #2 at t4. In this case, the distance D between the two entities can be obtained as follows.

[0175] [Equation 2] ( Where c is the speed of light ) For the RTT between the UE and the gNB, the distance between the UE and the gNB can be obtained based on Equation 2 above using the UE Rx-Tx time difference and the gNB BRx-Tx time difference in the table below.

[0176] (5) Bilateral RTT

[0177] Two-sided RTT is a positioning technology that can measure the distance between two entities even if there is a sampling clock frequency offset between the target entity and the server entity.

[0178] The method for performing a two-sided RTT between two entities is as follows.

[0179] Figure 14 A two-sided RTT based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 14The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0180] Bilateral RTT is widely used in ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning and can reduce the impact of clock errors. (See reference...) Figure 14 It can be measured by two measurements (i.e., T) round1 T round2 T reply1 T reply2 The propagation delay T can be estimated using Equation 3.

[0181] [Formula 3]

[0182] In addition, it can be obtained based on Equation 4. .

[0183] [Formula 4]

[0184] in

[0185] Therefore, the propagation delay T can be estimated as shown in Equation 5.

[0186] [Formula 5]

[0187] In this case, the error in the propagation delay estimation due to clock error can be obtained based on Equation 6.

[0188] [Formula 6]

[0189] Error =

[0190] Here, e UE1 and e UE2 It can be the clock offset between UE1 and UE2, and It can be the estimated propagation delay between UE1 and UE2.

[0191] Figure 15 Beam management based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 15 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0192] refer to Figure 15Beam management can include beamforming, beam measurement, beam reporting, and / or beam scanning. When using multiple antennas to form beams, a narrow antenna beam can transmit over long distances in a specific direction, but may not be able to provide widespread coverage of the entire cell at once. Conversely, if an antenna beam is formed in one direction, almost no antenna beams will be formed in other directions, and therefore no signal can be transmitted. Therefore, in such cases, the transmitter or receiver can use beamforming to transmit or receive data separately. In this case, the transmitter or receiver must continuously update and manage the beams used; this process can be referred to as beam management.

[0193] For example, the UE can perform the following operation-based sidelink FR2 (sidelink communication based on sidelink millimeter wave frequency) operation.

[0194] - Beam scanning operation: The operation of covering a spatial domain using a transmit beam and / or a receive beam in a predefined manner within a specific time interval.

[0195] - Beam measurement operation: The operation of measuring a reference signal (RS) sent by another device to find an RS value that is equal to or greater than a threshold.

[0196] - Beam selection operation: The operation of selecting the optimal beam (receive beam and / or transmit beam) based on the results of beam measurement.

[0197] - Beam reporting operation: The operation of reporting the selected optimal beam to another device or base station.

[0198] Meanwhile, existing radar technology operates in monostatic mode. In this case, the radar signal transmitted by the transmitting entity can be reflected by the object to be sensed, and the transmitting entity can receive the signal. Therefore, there is a problem that the received signal power decreases proportionally to the m-th power of the distance between the transmitting entity and the object (e.g., m=4 in free space). For example, the power of the radar transmitted and received signals typically exhibits a characteristic of attenuation proportional to the fourth power of the distance to the object to be detected. This characteristic can be derived based on Equation 7.

[0199] [Formula 7]

[0200] Here, P t It can be the transmission power [W], P r It can be the received power [W], G t It can be the transmit antenna gain, G r It could be the receiving antenna gain. It can be the radar cross-section, and A er It can be the effective aperture area of ​​the receiving antenna.

[0201] Meanwhile, radar / sensing signals used for object detection transmitted using the ISAC system need to have their transmission power limited to account for interference with communication signaling. Therefore, unlike typical radar transmission signals, radar / sensing signals used for object detection transmitted using the ISAC system have high transmission power, making them unsuitable for sensing distant objects. Furthermore, since only a portion of the signal incident on the object is reflected and received, the received signal power is further attenuated, leading to a decrease in reception performance.

[0202] To address the aforementioned issues, in the case of bistatic radar technology—where the signal transmitted by the transmitting radar is reflected by an object and received by a separate receiving radar to sense the object—the power of the signal received by the receiving radar exhibits a characteristic that attenuates proportionally to the nth power of the product of the distance between the transmitting radar and the object and the distance between the receiving radar and the object (e.g., n=2 in free space). Therefore, if the distance between the receiving radar and the object is relatively short, it has the advantage of improved detection performance for that object. This characteristic can be derived based on Equation 8.

[0203] [Formula 8]

[0204] Here, P TX It can be the transmitted signal power, P RX It can be the received signal power, R TX It can be the distance from the transmitter to the target, R RX It can be the distance from the receiver to the target, G TX It can be the transmit antenna gain, G RX It can be the receiving antenna gain, λ can be the wavelength, and RCS can be the radar cross section.

[0205] This disclosure proposes a method and apparatus based on the ISAC system, in which a receiving entity, distinct from a transmitting entity, receives a radar signal transmitted by the transmitting entity after it has been reflected by an object to be sensed, thereby using the radar signal to improve object detection performance.

[0206] The following terms may be used in this disclosure.

[0207] - LMF: Location Management Function

[0208] - UE-triggered SL localization: Side link (SL) localization triggered by the UE process.

[0209] - SL positioning triggered by base station / LMF: SL positioning triggered by base station / LMF

[0210] - UE-controlled SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE creates SL positioning groups.

[0211] - Base station controlled SL positioning: SL positioning where the base station creates SL positioning groups.

[0212] - UE-based SL positioning: SL positioning calculated by the UE to determine the UE's location.

[0213] - UE-assisted SL positioning: SL positioning of the UE location calculated by the base station / LMF

[0214] - SL Positioning Group: UEs participating in SL positioning

[0215] - Target UE (T-UE): The UE whose location is calculated

[0216] - Server UE (S-UE): The UE that assists the T-UE in SL positioning.

[0217] - Anchor UE: UE that assists in T-UE positioning

[0218] - MG: Measurement gap that only allows SL PRS transmission

[0219] - MW: Measurement window capable of transmitting SL data and SL PRS in a multiplexed manner.

[0220] - SL PRS: SL PRS

[0221] - CCH: Control Channel

[0222] - Inter-UE Coordination (IUC) Message: A message received by the TX UE from other UEs, including the RX UE. This message includes information about a set of resources suitable for transmission (preferred resources) and / or information about a set of resources unsuitable for the TX UE to transmit to the RX UE (non-preferred resources).

[0223] JCAS: Joint Communications and Sensing

[0224] - RIS: Reconfigurable Smart Surfaces

[0225] For example, SL PRS transport resources may include an SL PRS resource set containing the following information.

[0226] - SL PRS Resource Set ID

[0227] - SL PRS Resource ID List: A list of SL PRS resource IDs in the SL PRS resource set.

[0228] - SL PRS resource type: Can be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand.

[0229] - Alpha for SL PRS power control

[0230] - P0 for SL PRS power control

[0231] - Path loss reference for SL PRS power control: can be set to SL SSB or DLPRS or UL SRS or UL SRS or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS for positioning.

[0232] For example, an SL PRS resource set may include SL PRS resources containing the following information.

[0233] - SL PRS Resource ID

[0234] - SL PRS comb size: The spacing between REs used for SL PRS transmission within a symbol.

[0235] - SL PRS comb offset: where the RE index of the first transmitted SL PRS within the first SL PRS symbol.

[0236] - SL PRS comb cyclic shift: A cyclic shift used to generate the sequences that make up the SL PRS.

[0237] - SL PRS start position: the index of the first symbol of the SL PRS transmitted within a time slot.

[0238] - SL PRS symbol count: The number of symbols configured for SL PRS within a single time slot.

[0239] - Frequency domain shift: The lowest frequency position (index) in the frequency domain of the transmitted SL PRS.

[0240] - SL PRS BW: Frequency bandwidth used to transmit SL PRS

[0241] - SL PRS resource type: Can be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand.

[0242] - SL PRS Periodicity: The time-domain periodicity between SL PRS resources, measured in physical or logical time slots within the resource pool that sends the SL PRS.

[0243] - SL PRS Offset: The time-domain offset relative to the start of the first SL PRS resource with respect to the reference timing, in units of physical or logical time slots within the resource pool that transmitted the SL PRS. The reference timing can be SFN=0 or DFN=0, or the time of successful reception or decoding of RRC / MAC-CE / DCI / SCI associated with the SL PRS resource.

[0244] - SL PRS Sequence ID

[0245] - SL PRS spatial relationships: can be set to SL SSB or DL ​​PRS or UL SRS or UL SRS or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS for positioning, etc.

[0246] - SL PRS CCH: SL PRS control channel. It can transmit SL PRS resource configuration information, resource location, and other signals.

[0247] Figure 16 A method for sensing an object based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 16 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0248] refer to Figure 16 To achieve bistatic radar functionality based on the ISAC system, the UE can transmit sensing signals, and the base station can receive signals reflected from an object by the transmitted sensing signals. Through this process, object sensing can be performed.

[0249] For example, the sensing signal may be a dedicated signal for sensing, and / or a positioning reference signal capable of performing positioning, and / or a reference signal for communication (such as a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), or a sounding reference signal (SRS)), and / or a fused signal for both sensing and communication.

[0250] For example, for bistatic radar operation, the UE can perform beam scanning to transmit beams for sensing operations in each direction to a neighboring base station or transmit-receive point (TRP) based on a (preconfigured) beam direction and a (preconfigured) number of beams (or beam resolution). For example, the base station could be a gNB. In the above scenario, the UE's neighboring base station or TRP could feed back to the UE a (preconfigured) number of beam indices in descending order of received power for the beams transmitted by the UE, along with identification information (e.g., cell ID) of the neighboring base station or TRP. In this disclosure, the TRP can be referred to as a base station.

[0251] For example, in the above scenario, the UE can determine the surrounding base stations or TRPs that provide the best reception when the UE transmits signals in each beam direction. In this case, when the UE attempts to sense the geographic area to be sensed, the UE can send the beam index that best matches the direction of the geographic area, along with the identification information of the surrounding base stations or TRPs determined to provide the best reception in the direction of that beam index, to the serving base station with which the UE has established an RRC connection. Through this process, the UE can request sensing resources (e.g., UL resources) for transmitting sensing signals in the direction of that beam index.

[0252] For example, in the above scenario, if the identification information of a surrounding base station or TRP indicates the serving base station, the serving base station can allocate sensing resources to the UE for transmitting sensing signals. If the identification information of a surrounding base station or TRP does not match the identification information of the serving base station, the serving base station can transfer the information requesting resource allocation for transmitting sensing signals, along with the beam index requested by the UE, to the base station or TRP indicated by the identification information of the surrounding base station or TRP.

[0253] For example, in the above scenario, the surrounding base station or TRP that receives the beam index and resource allocation request can determine the sensing resources requested by the UE for transmitting sensing signals and send the determined resource information to the surrounding base station. In this case, the serving base station can allocate resources to the UE for transmitting sensing signals based on the resource information received from the surrounding base station or TRP.

[0254] For example, in the above scenario, the UE can transmit sensing signals via beamforming based on a beam index, and surrounding base stations along that beam index direction can receive signals reflected from objects within the geographic area to be sensed. Through this process, objects can be detected and bistatic radar functionality can be performed.

[0255] For example, in the above scenario, the surrounding base station 1, which is determined to have the best reception direction in the beam index direction, can transmit the resource information allocated by base station 1 to the UE as sensing resources for transmitting sensing signals to base station 2 located around the geographical area to be sensed by the UE. For example, in the above scenario, during the time interval of the sensing resources transmitted by base station 1, the surrounding base station 2 can perform omnidirectional reception regardless of the beamforming in the beam index direction determined by the UE's beam scanning operation as the best reception direction for the UE. Through this process, the operation of receiving signals reflected at any angle from objects within the geographical area to be sensed can be performed. By performing this operation, sensing signals reflected along directions different from the beam direction that matches or is most similar to the straight line direction from the UE to the geographical area to be sensed can be detected.

[0256] For example, in the above scenario, the received power of the sensing signal reflected by an object within the geographic area, received by surrounding base station 1 or surrounding base station 2, can be determined by the RCS determined by the object's characteristics (such as shape / material) and the distance between the geographic area and surrounding base station 1 or surrounding base station 2. Accordingly, surrounding base station 1 or surrounding base station 2, which detects an object within the geographic area based on the reflected sensing signal, can feed back information about the detected object (e.g., the distance and angle between the object and surrounding base station 1 or surrounding base station 2, or the object's velocity / Doppler frequency), along with the magnitude of the received sensing signal (e.g., received power), to the UE.

[0257] For example, the surrounding base station 2 that performs omnidirectional reception during the time interval of sensing resources can be limited to surrounding base stations 2 located within a (pre)configured distance from the geographic area to be sensed. For example, among surrounding base stations located outside the (pre)configured distance, only base station 1 can perform beamforming towards the UE for reception based on the beam index.

[0258] For example, if UE1 transmits a sensing signal toward a geographic location based on beamforming or similar methods to perform sensing on an area of ​​interest to detect the presence of any object, the transmitted sensing signal can be reflected by any object within that geographic location and received by a nearby base station or a nearby UE2. In this case, the nearby base station or nearby UE2 can measure information about the arbitrary object (e.g., distance or direction) based on the received sensing signal and report the measurement value to the entity that determines the object information based on bistatic radar.

[0259] For example, the entity that determines object information based on bistatic radar can be UE1, the serving base station of UE1, the base station that performs bistatic radar with UE1, the serving base station of UE2, or a UE that needs object information within that geographical location.

[0260] For example, in the above scenario, when UE1 transmits the sensing signal, it can transmit the beam index information used to transmit the sensing signal along with the sensing signal, or it can indicate the beam index information. For example, each beam index used by UE1 can be mapped to each resource to which the sensing signal is transmitted in a one-to-one correspondence. For example, in the above scenario, if a neighboring base station or neighboring UE2 that receives the sensing signal sends a timestamp of the received sensing signal and the frequency domain information of the received sensing signal to UE1, in addition to the object information measured from the received sensing signal, then UE1 can identify the transmission resource to which it transmits the sensing signal based on the timestamp and the frequency domain information, and based on this, determine which bistatic radar result in the sensing signal transmitted by UE1 corresponds to an object existing in a specific direction from UE1.

[0261] For example, in the above scenario, the surrounding base station or the surrounding UE2 can measure multiple receiving channel paths for the sensing signal reflected and received by the object (e.g., through channel impulse response), and the surrounding base station or the surrounding UE2 can measure the time difference of each time of the subsequent multiple receiving channel paths based on the time of the first receiving channel path among the multiple receiving channel paths, and report the measured time difference to the object determination entity based on bistatic radar.

[0262] For example, in the above scenario, a surrounding base station or surrounding UE2 that receives a sensing signal and performs bistatic radar measurement can report its own location information to the object determination entity based on bistatic radar.

[0263] For example, in this scenario, object determination based on bistatic radar can be achieved by adding the time distance value between UE1 and the base station or UE2 (e.g., converting the geographic distance value to a time-of-flight value based on the speed / velocity of radio waves) to the time difference value, based on the location information of UE1 reported by UE1, the corresponding location information received from the base station or UE2 reporting bistatic radar measurements, and the time difference value associated with multiple receive channel paths reported by the base station or UE2. This results in an ellipse with UE1 and the base station or UE2 as two foci. In this case, the object detected by the sensing signal can be located at any point on this ellipse. If multiple base stations or UE2s are present measuring the sensing signal, multiple ellipses associated with each base station or UE2 can be determined, and in this case, the object's location can be determined as the point where the multiple ellipses intersect each other.

[0264] For example, UE2 can report to UE1 the time difference associated with measurements of objects detected based on received sensing signals (e.g., distance or orientation to the object, or object velocity based on Doppler frequency).

[0265] For example, UE2 can report to a base station that performs UL bistatic radar with UE1 (e.g., the serving base station of UE1 or a surrounding base station near the geographic location) the time difference associated with measurements of objects detected based on received sensing signals (e.g., distance or orientation to the object, or object velocity based on Doppler frequency).

[0266] For example, UE2 can report to its serving base station a time difference associated with measurements of an object detected based on received sensing signals (e.g., distance or direction to the object, or object velocity based on Doppler frequency). For example, in the above scenario, UE2's serving base station can send the reported value to UE1's serving base station. For example, in the above scenario, UE1's serving base station can send the value reported from UE2's serving base station to UE1.

[0267] For example, UE1 can measure information about an object (e.g., distance or direction to the object, or object velocity based on Doppler frequency) by performing monostatic radar technology on a sensed signal reflected from and received from the object. For example, UE1 can ultimately determine information about an object present at that geographic location based on monostatic radar measurements of an object detected in the direction of the transmitted sensed signal's beam index, and bistatic radar measurements of that object reported from surrounding base stations or surrounding UE2. For example, UE1 can report the monostatic radar measurements and the associated beam index to a bistatic radar-based object identification entity.

[0268] For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for service types. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for (LCH or service) priorities. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability, minimum communication range). For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for PQI parameters. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for LCH / MAC PDUs (transmissions) with SL HARQ feedback enabled. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for LCH / MAC PDUs (transmissions) that are disabled for SL HARQ feedback. Similarly, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for CBR measurements of resource pools. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for SL broadcast types (e.g., unicast, multicast, broadcast). For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for SL multicast HARQ feedback options (e.g., NACK feedback only, ACK / NACK feedback, NACK feedback based solely on TX-RX distance). For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for SL mode 1 CG type (e.g., SL CG type 1 or SL CG type 2). Similarly, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for SL mode type (e.g., mode 1 or mode 2). For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for resource pools. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for whether a PSFCH resource is configured in a resource pool. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for source (L2) IDs.For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for the destination (L2) ID. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for the PC5 RRC connection link. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for the SL link. For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for the connection state (with the base station) (e.g., RRC connection state, idle state, inactive state). For example, the application of rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed for the SL HARQ process (ID). For example, rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically configured / allowed for whether SL DRX operation (TX UE or RX UE) is performed. For example, rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically configured / allowed for whether the UE is an energy-saving (TX or RX) UE. For example, rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically configured / allowed for cases where PSFCH TX and PSFCH RX (and / or multiple PSFCH TX (beyond UE capacity)) overlap (and / or PSFCH TX (and / or PSFCH RX) are skipped) (from the perspective of a specific UE). For example, rules and / or parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rules can be specifically configured / allowed for cases where the RX UE actually (successfully) receives (re)transmissions of PSCCH (and / or PSSCH) from the TX UE.

[0269] For example, in this disclosure, the term "configured / specified (or designated / assigned)" can be extended to / interpreted as the base station notifying the UE (and / or being provided by pre-configuration and / or the UE notifying other UEs by pre-defined (physical layer or higher) channels / signals (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE)).

[0270] For example, in this disclosure, the term "PSFCH" can be extended to / interpreted as (NR or LTE) PSSCH (and / or (NR or LTE) PSCCH) (and / or (NR or LTE) SL SSB (and / or UL channel / signal)). Furthermore, the methods proposed in this disclosure can be used in combination with each other (as a novel approach).

[0271] For example, in this disclosure, a specific threshold may refer to a threshold predefined or (pre-)configured by the higher layers of the network (including the application layer), the base station, or the UE. For example, in this disclosure, a specific configuration value may refer to a value predefined or (pre-)configured by the higher layers of the network, base station, or UE (including the application layer). For example, network / base station configuration operations may refer to the base station (pre-)configuring the UE via higher-layer RRC signaling, or the base station configuring / signaling the UE via MAC CE, or the base station signaling the UE via DCI.

[0272] Figure 17 A method for performing wireless communication using a first apparatus based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 17 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0273] refer to Figure 17 In step S1710, the first device may determine a beam for transmitting the sensing signal. In step S1720, the first device may transmit at least one of index information of the beam or identification information of a second device receiving the beam. In step S1730, the first device may receive information related to resources allocated based on at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device. In step S1740, the first device may transmit the sensing signal based on the resources.

[0274] For example, the sensing signal can be reflected by an object within the geographic area to be sensed by the first device and sent to the second device. For example, bistatic sensing can be performed based on the sensing signal reflected from the object.

[0275] For example, the beam can be determined based on the geographical area that the first device wants to sense.

[0276] For example, the second device may be the device among the peripheral devices of the first device that measures the maximum received power for that beam. For example, based on at least one of the identification information of the peripheral devices or the index information of N beams received from the peripheral devices, the first device may determine that the second device is the device among the peripheral devices that measures the maximum received power for that beam, and N may be a positive integer. For example, the index information of the N beams may be sorted in descending order.

[0277] For example, a service device that serves the first device based on the second device can send at least one of the beam index information or the identification information of the second device to the second device, and can receive information related to resources allocated by the second device based on at least one of the beam index information or the identification information of the second device from the second device.

[0278] For example, the service device may be a device that has a radio resource control (RRC) connection with the first device.

[0279] For example, since the second device is not a service device of the first device, the service device can send at least one of the beam index information or the identification information of the second device to the second device, and can receive information related to the resources allocated by the second device based on at least one of the beam index information or the identification information of the second device from the second device via the service device.

[0280] For example, information related to a resource used to transmit sensing signals can be transmitted from the second device to surrounding devices within the geographical area to be sensed by the first device. For example, omnidirectional reception by the surrounding devices can be performed within a time interval of that resource based on information related to that resource. For example, directional reception by the second device can be performed within a time interval of that resource based on information related to that resource.

[0281] The proposed method can be applied to devices based on various embodiments of this disclosure. First, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can determine a beam for transmitting a sensing signal. Furthermore, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can control a transceiver 106 to transmit at least one of index information of the beam or identification information of a second device receiving the beam. Additionally, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can control the transceiver 106 to receive information related to resources allocated based on at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device. Furthermore, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can control the transceiver 106 to transmit the sensing signal based on these resources.

[0282] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a first apparatus suitable for performing wireless communication can be provided. For example, the first apparatus may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the first apparatus to perform operations including: determining a beam for transmitting a sensing signal; at least one of index information for transmitting the beam or identification information of a second device receiving the beam; receiving information related to resources allocated based on at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the resources.

[0283] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a processing apparatus suitable for controlling a first device can be provided. For example, the processing apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the first device to perform operations including: determining a beam for transmitting a sensing signal; at least one of index information for transmitting the beam or identification information of a second device receiving the beam; receiving information related to resources allocated based on at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the resources.

[0284] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. For example, when executed, the instructions can cause a first device to perform operations including: determining a beam for transmitting a sensing signal; at least one of index information for transmitting the beam or identification information of a second device for receiving the beam; receiving information related to resources allocated based on at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the resources.

[0285] Figure 18 A method for obtaining the position of a first device using a second device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 18 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0286] refer to Figure 18 In step S1810, the second device may receive at least one of beam index information or identification information of the second device receiving the beam. In step S1820, the second device may allocate resources based on at least one of the beam index information or the identification information of the second device. In step S1830, the second device may send information related to the resources. In step S1840, the second device may receive a sensing signal from the first device based on the resources.

[0287] For example, the sensing signal can be reflected by an object within the geographic area to be sensed by the first device and received by the second device. For example, bistatic sensing can be performed based on the sensing signal reflected from the object.

[0288] For example, the beam can be determined based on the geographical area that the first device wants to sense.

[0289] For example, the second device may be the device among the peripheral devices of the first device that measures the maximum received power for that beam. For example, based on at least one of the identification information of the peripheral devices or the index information of N beams received from the peripheral devices, the first device may determine that the second device is the device among the peripheral devices that measures the maximum received power for that beam, and N may be a positive integer. For example, the index information of the N beams may be sorted in descending order.

[0290] For example, a service device that serves the first device based on the second device can send at least one of the beam index information or the identification information of the second device to the second device, and can receive information related to resources allocated by the second device based on at least one of the beam index information or the identification information of the second device from the second device.

[0291] For example, the service device may be a device that has a radio resource control (RRC) connection with the first device.

[0292] For example, since the second device is not a service device of the first device, the service device can send at least one of the beam index information or the identification information of the second device to the second device, and can receive information related to the resources allocated by the second device based on at least one of the beam index information or the identification information of the second device from the second device via the service device.

[0293] For example, information related to a resource used to transmit sensing signals can be transmitted from the second device to surrounding devices in the geographical area to be sensed by the first device. For example, omnidirectional reception by the surrounding devices can be performed within a time interval of the resource based on the information related to the resource. For example, directional reception by the second device can be performed within a time interval of the resource based on the information related to the resource.

[0294] The proposed method can be applied to devices based on various embodiments of this disclosure. First, the processor 202 of the second device 200 can control the transceiver 206 to receive at least one of beam index information or identification information of the second device receiving the beam. Furthermore, the processor 202 of the second device 200 can allocate resources based on at least one of the beam index information or the identification information of the second device. Additionally, the processor 202 of the second device 200 can control the transceiver 206 to transmit information related to the resources. Furthermore, the processor 202 of the second device 200 can control the transceiver 206 to receive sensing signals from the first device based on the resources.

[0295] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a second device suitable for performing wireless communication can be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the second device to perform operations including: receiving at least one of beam index information or identification information of a second device receiving the beam; allocating resources based on at least one of the beam index information or the identification information of the second device; transmitting information related to the resources; and receiving a sensing signal from a first device based on the resources.

[0296] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a processing apparatus suitable for controlling a second device can be provided. For example, the processing apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the second device to perform operations including: receiving at least one of beam index information or identification information of the second device receiving the beam; allocating resources based on at least one of the beam index information or the identification information of the second device; sending information related to the resources; and receiving a sensing signal from a first device based on the resources.

[0297] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for storing instructions can be provided. For example, when executed, the instructions can cause a second device to perform operations including: receiving at least one of beam index information or identification information of the second device receiving the beam; allocating resources based on at least one of the beam index information or the identification information of the second device; sending information related to the resources; and receiving a sensing signal from a first device based on the resources.

[0298] Based on various embodiments of this disclosure, the UE can send a beam index for the direction of sensing to a base station performing bistatic radar operation. To this end, in order to receive resource allocation for sensing signal transmission from the base station performing bistatic radar operation, the UE can send beam index information related to the geographic area to be sensed, identification information related to the geographic area to be sensed, etc. Through this process, the UE can receive resource allocation for sensing signal transmission, and bistatic radar operation can be performed efficiently. Furthermore, a base station or UE receiving the signal after reflection from an object of the sensing signal sent by the UE for performing bistatic radar function can perform bistatic radar measurement based on the reflected sensing signal and report the measurement value.

[0299] The various embodiments disclosed herein can be combined with each other.

[0300] The following will describe apparatuses to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0301] The various descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operating procedures described herein can be applied to, but are not limited to, various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0302] The following description will be given in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following drawings / description, unless otherwise described, the same reference numerals may denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks.

[0303] Figure 19 A communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 19 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0304] Reference Figure 19 The communication system 1, which applies various embodiments of this disclosure, includes wireless devices, base stations (BS), and networks. Herein, a wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR) or Long Term Evolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as a communication / radio / 5G device. Wireless devices may include, but are not limited to, robots 100a, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2), extended reality (XR) devices 100c, handheld devices 100d, home appliances 100e, Internet of Things (IoT) devices 100f, and artificial intelligence (AI) devices / servers 400. For example, a vehicle may include a vehicle with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Herein, a vehicle may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones) and / or aircraft (AVs) (e.g., advanced air mobility (AAM)). XR devices can include augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) devices and can be implemented in the form of head-mounted displays (HMDs), head-up displays (HUDs) installed in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Handheld devices can include smartphones, smart tablets, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches or smart glasses) and computers (e.g., laptops). Home appliances can include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices can include sensors and smart meters. For example, the BS and network can be implemented as wireless devices, and a particular wireless device 200a can operate as a BS / network node relative to other wireless devices.

[0305] In addition to LTE, NR, and 6G, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may also include narrowband Internet of Things (IoT) for low-power communication. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology and may be implemented as a standard such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Alternatively or additionally, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, as an example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN and may be referred to by various names including enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented as at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine-type communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Alternatively or additionally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may include at least one of Bluetooth, Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), and ZigBee, which takes into account low power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology may generate personal area networks (PANs) related to low / low power digital communication based on various standards including IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0306] Wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to network 300 via BS 200. AI technology can be applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to AI server 400 via network 300. Network 300 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via BS 200 / network 300, wireless devices 100a to 100f can perform direct communication with each other (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the BS / network. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0307] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, or 150c can be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f / BS 200 or BS200 / BS 200. Here, the wireless communication / connection can be established via various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), or inter-BS communication (e.g., relay, access backhaul integration (IAB)). The wireless devices and BS / wireless devices can transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other via wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b. For example, wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b can transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. For this purpose, at least a portion of various configuration information configuration processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation processes for transmitting / receiving radio signals can be performed based on various proposals of this disclosure.

[0308] Figure 20 A wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 20 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0309] Reference Figure 20 The first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 can transmit radio signals via various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). In this document, {first wireless device 100 and second wireless device 200} can correspond to... Figure 19 The {Wireless Device 100x and BS200} and / or {Wireless Device 100x and Wireless Device 100x}.

[0310] The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processors 102 may control the memories 104 and / or the transceivers 106, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed herein. For example, the processors 102 may process information in the memories 104 to generate a first information / signal, and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signal via the transceivers 106. The processors 102 may receive a radio signal including a second information / signal via the transceivers 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the second information / signal in the memories 104. One or more memories 104 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and may store various information relating to the operation of one or more processors 102. For example, one or more memories 104 may store software code including commands for performing part or all of the processing controlled by one or more processors 102 or for performing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. Here, one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). One or more transceivers 106 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. One or more transceivers 106 may be used interchangeably with one or more radio frequency (RF) units. In this disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0311] The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processors 202 may control the memories 204 and / or the transceivers 206, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed herein. For example, the processors 202 may process information in the memories 204 to generate a third message / signal, and subsequently transmit a radio signal including the third message / signal via the transceivers 206. The processors 202 may receive a radio signal including a fourth message / signal via the transceivers 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the fourth message / signal in the memories 204. One or more memories 204 may be connected to one or more processors 202 and may store various information relating to the operation of one or more processors 202. For example, one or more memories 204 may store software code including commands for performing part or all of the processing controlled by one or more processors 202 or for performing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. Here, one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). One or more transceivers 206 may be connected to one or more processors 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. One or more transceivers 206 may be used interchangeably with one or more RF units. In this disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0312] The hardware components of wireless devices 100 and 200 will now be described in more detail. One or more protocol layers may be implemented, but are not limited to, by one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) in accordance with the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information in accordance with the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information, in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document, and provide the generated signals to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206, and acquire PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document.

[0313] One or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and such firmware or software may be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204, thereby being driven by one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operating procedures disclosed in this document can be implemented in software or firmware in the form of code, commands, and / or command sets.

[0314] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202, and may store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be composed of read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located internally and / or externally to one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0315] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the methods and / or operating procedures of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operating procedures disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and may transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational procedures disclosed in this document through one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals for processing using one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the processed user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors 102 and 202. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0316] Figure 21 A signal processing circuit for transmitting signals based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 21 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0317] Reference Figure 21 The signal processing circuit 1000 may include a scrambler 1010, a modulator 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a pre-encoder 1040, a resource mapper 1050, and a signal generator 1060. It can perform... Figure 21 The operation / functions, but not limited to Figure 20The processors (102, 202) and / or transceivers (106, 206) can be used. Figure 20 Implemented by processors (102, 202) and / or transceivers (106, 206) Figure 21 Hardware components. For example, it can be achieved through... Figure 20 The processors (102, 202) implement boxes 1010 to 1060. Alternatively, they can be implemented using... Figure 20 The processors (102, 202) implement boxes 1010 to 1050, and can be used to... Figure 20 The transceivers (106, 206) are used to implement the 1060 box.

[0318] Can be via Figure 21 The signal processing circuit 1000 converts codewords into radio signals. In this document, a codeword is a sequence of encoded bits for an information block. An information block may include a transport block (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). Radio signals can be transmitted via various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH and PDSCH).

[0319] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by scrambler 1010. The scrambling sequence used for scrambling can be generated based on an initial value, which may include the ID information of the wireless device. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by modulator 1020. The modulation scheme may include pi / 2-binary phase shift keying (pi / 2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), and m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM). The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by layer mapper 1030. The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped (pre-encoded) to (one or more) corresponding antenna ports by pre-encoder 1040. The output z of pre-encoder 1040 can be obtained by multiplying the output y of layer mapper 1030 with N. The M precoding matrix W is obtained by multiplying the two matrices. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. The precoder 1040 can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT) for complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0320] Resource mapper 1050 maps modulation symbols for each antenna port to time-frequency resources. Time-frequency resources may include multiple symbols in the time domain (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. Signal generator 1060 can generate radio signals from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signals can be transmitted to other devices via each antenna. For this purpose, signal generator 1060 may include an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and an up-converter.

[0321] Able to be with Figure 21 The signal processing procedures (1010~1060) are configured in reverse order for the signal processing procedures used to receive signals in a wireless device. For example, a wireless device (e.g., Figure 20 The receiver (e.g., 100, 200) can receive radio signals from the outside via the antenna port / transceiver. The received radio signals can be converted into baseband signals using a signal recovery unit. For this purpose, the signal recovery unit may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Next, the baseband signals can be recovered into codewords through a resource demapping process, a post-encoding process, a demodulation processor, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be recovered into the original information blocks through decoding. Therefore, the signal processing circuitry (not illustrated) used for receiving signals may include a signal recovery unit, a resource demapping unit, a post-encoder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

[0322] Figure 22 Another example of a wireless device based on an implementation of this disclosure is shown. The wireless device can be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see reference). Figure 19 ). Figure 22 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0323] Reference Figure 22 The wireless devices (100, 200) can correspond to Figure 20 The wireless devices (100, 200) can be configured using various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices (100, 200) may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, and an additional component 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and (one or more) transceivers 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include... Figure 20 One or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204). For example, transceiver 114 may include one or more transceivers. Figure 20The device comprises one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208). The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory 130, and the add-on components 140, and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on programs / code / commands / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit information stored in the memory unit 130 to an external source (e.g., another communication device) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface, or store information received from an external source (e.g., another communication device) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit 130.

[0324] The add-on component 140 can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the add-on component 140 may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit, a drive unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device can be implemented in, but is not limited to, the following forms: robot ( Figure 19 100a), vehicles ( Figure 19 100b-1 and 100b-2), XR device ( Figure 19 100c), handheld device ( Figure 19 100d), home appliances ( Figure 19 100e), IoT devices ( Figure 19 100f), digital broadcasting terminals, holographic devices, public safety devices, MTC devices, medical devices, fintech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate / environmental devices, AI servers / devices ( Figure 19 400), BS ( Figure 19 (e.g., 200), network nodes, etc. Depending on the use case / service, wireless devices can be used in mobile or fixed locations.

[0325] exist Figure 22In the wireless devices (100, 200), all various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules can be connected to each other via wired interfaces, or at least partially connected wirelessly via communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices (100, 200), control unit 120 and communication unit 110 can be connected via a wired connection, and control unit 120 and first units (e.g., 130, 140) can be wirelessly connected via communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices (100, 200) may also include one or more elements. For example, control unit 120 may be constructed using a collection of one or more processors. As an example, control unit 120 may be constructed using a collection of communication control processors, application processors, electronic control units (ECUs), graphics processing units, and memory control processors. As another example, memory 130 may be constructed using random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or combinations thereof.

[0326] The implementation will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 22 Examples.

[0327] Figure 23 A handheld device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. The handheld device may include a smartphone, smartpad, wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or smart glasses), or portable computer (e.g., a laptop). The handheld device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), user terminal (UT), mobile subscriber station (MSS), subscriber station (SS), advanced mobile station (AMS), or wireless terminal (WT). Figure 23 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0328] Reference Figure 23 The handheld device 100 may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, a power supply unit 140a, an interface unit 140b, and an I / O unit 140c. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to... Figure 22 The frame is 110 to 130 / 140.

[0329] Communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from other wireless devices or BSs. Control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling the constituent elements of handheld device 100. Control unit 120 may include an application processor (AP). Storage unit 130 can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required to drive handheld device 100. Storage unit 130 can store input / output data / information. Power supply unit 140a can supply power to handheld device 100 and includes wired / wireless charging circuitry, battery, etc. Interface unit 140b can support connection of handheld device 100 to other external devices. Interface unit 140b may include various ports for connecting to external devices (e.g., audio I / O ports and video I / O ports). I / O unit 140c can input or output user-input video information / signals, audio information / signals, data and / or information. I / O unit 140c may include a camera, microphone, user input unit, display unit 140d, speaker and / or haptic module.

[0330] For example, in the case of data communication, I / O unit 140c can acquire user input information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, or video), and the acquired information / signals can be stored in storage unit 130. Communication unit 110 can convert the information / signals stored in the memory into radio signals and transmit the converted radio signals directly to other wireless devices or to the BS. Communication unit 110 can receive radio signals from other wireless devices or the BS, and then recover the received radio signals into the original information / signals. The recovered information / signals can be stored in storage unit 130 and can be output in various types (e.g., text, voice, image, video, or haptic feedback) through I / O unit 140.

[0331] Figure 24 Vehicles or autonomous vehicles based on embodiments of this disclosure are shown. Vehicles or autonomous vehicles can be implemented using mobile robots, automobiles, trains, manned / unmanned aerial vehicles (AVs), ships, etc. Figure 24 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0332] Reference Figure 24 The vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to... Figure 22 The frame size is 110 / 130 / 140.

[0333] Communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, BS (e.g., gNB and roadside units), and servers. Control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100. Control unit 120 may include electronic control unit (ECU). Drive unit 140a can cause the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to move on the road. Drive unit 140a may include engine, motor, transmission system, wheels, brakes, steering system, etc. Power supply unit 140b can supply power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. Sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status, external environment information, user information, etc. Sensor unit 140c may include inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors, collision sensors, wheel sensors, speed sensors, slope sensors, weight sensors, heading sensors, position modules, vehicle forward / reverse sensors, battery sensors, fuel sensors, tire sensors, steering sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, ultrasonic sensors, lighting sensors, pedal position sensors, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d can implement technologies for maintaining the vehicle's lane, technologies for automatically adjusting speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), technologies for autonomously driving along a defined path, and technologies for automatically setting a path when a destination is set.

[0334] For example, communication unit 110 can receive map data, traffic information data, etc., from an external server. Autonomous driving unit 140d can generate autonomous driving paths and driving plans from the acquired data. Control unit 120 can control drive unit 140a, enabling the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, communication unit 110 can periodically or non-periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and acquire surrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. During autonomous driving, sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status and / or surrounding environment information. Autonomous driving unit 140d can update the autonomous driving path and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. Communication unit 110 can transmit information about vehicle location, autonomous driving path, and / or driving plan to an external server. The external server can predict traffic information data using AI technology, etc., based on information collected from the vehicle or autonomous vehicle, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle.

[0335] The claims in this specification can be combined in various ways. For example, technical features in the method claims can be combined to implement or perform in a device, and technical features in the device claims can be combined to implement or perform in a method. Additionally, technical features in one or more method claims and one or more device claims can be combined to implement or perform in a device.

Claims

1. A method for performing wireless communication by a first device, the method comprising: determining a beam for transmitting a sensing signal; transmitting at least one of index information of the beam or identification information of a second device receiving the beam; receiving information related to a resource allocated based on at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device; transmitting the sensing signal based on the resource. The sensing signal is reflected from an object within a geographical area to be sensed by the first device and is transmitted to the second device.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, Bistatic sensing is performed based on the sensing signal reflected from the object.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The beam is determined based on a geographical area to be sensed by the first device.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The second device is a device measuring maximum reception power for the beam among peripheral devices of the first device.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first device determines the second device as a device measuring maximum reception power for the beam among the peripheral devices based on at least one of identification information of the peripheral devices or index information of N beams received from the peripheral devices, and 6. The method of claim 5, wherein, wherein N is a positive integer. The index information of the N beams is sorted in descending order.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, The at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device is transmitted to the second device based on the second device being a serving device of the first device, and the information related to the resource allocated by the second device based on at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device is received from the second device.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, The serving device is a device having a radio resource control (RRC) connection with the first device.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, The at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device is transmitted to the second device via the serving device based on the second device not being a serving device of the first device, and information related to the resource allocated by the second device based on at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device is received from the second device via the serving device.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein, The information related to the resource for transmitting the sensing signal is transferred from the second device to a peripheral device in a geographical area to be sensed by the first device.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein, Omnidirectional reception by the peripheral device is performed based on the information related to the resource within a time interval of the resource.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein, Directional reception of the second device is performed based on the information related to the resource within a time interval of the resource.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein, 14.A first device adapted to perform wireless communication, the first device comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to perform operations comprising: determining a beam for transmitting a sensing signal; ​ transmitting at least one of index information of the beam or identification information of a second device receiving the beam; receiving information related to resources allocated based on at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the resources.

15. A processing device adapted to control a first device, the processing device comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to perform operations comprising: determining a beam for transmitting a sensing signal; transmitting at least one of index information of the beam or identification information of a second device receiving the beam; receiving information related to resources allocated based on at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the resources.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed, cause a first device to perform operations comprising: determining a beam for transmitting a sensing signal; transmitting at least one of index information of the beam or identification information of a second device receiving the beam; receiving information related to resources allocated based on at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the resources.

17. A method for performing wireless communication by a second device, the method comprising: receiving at least one of index information of a beam or identification information of the second device receiving the beam; allocating resources based on at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device; transmitting information related to the resources; and receiving a sensing signal from a first device based on the resources.

18. A second device adapted to perform wireless communication, the second device comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to perform operations comprising: receiving at least one of index information of a beam or identification information of the second device receiving the beam; allocating resources based on at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device; transmitting information related to the resources; and receiving a sensing signal from a first device based on the resources.

19. A processing device adapted to control a second device, the processing device comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to perform operations comprising: ​ at least one of index information of a beam or identification information of the second device receiving the beam; allocate resources based on at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device; transmit information related to the resources; and receive a sensing signal from a first device based on the resources.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed, cause a second device to perform operations comprising: receiving at least one of index information of a beam or identification information of the second device receiving the beam; allocating resources based on at least one of the index information of the beam or the identification information of the second device; transmitting information related to the resources; and receiving a sensing signal from a first device based on the resources. ​

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