Multi-user resource allocation method and apparatus, satellite base station, and storage medium

Abstract

This application provides a multi-user resource allocation method, apparatus, satellite base station, and storage medium. The method includes: based on the minimum rate requirements of multiple users, executing an optimization process aimed at minimizing the total satellite transmission power required to meet the minimum rate requirements, to obtain resource allocation information and power allocation information for each user; if the satellite base station has available remaining power, then based on the resource allocation information, executing an optimization process aimed at maximizing satellite energy efficiency, to update the power allocation information; generating downlink control signaling based on the resource allocation information and the updated power allocation information for each user, and sending it to each user. This application achieves a reasonable allocation of resources and power, thereby enabling full utilization of resources and power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a multi-user resource allocation method, apparatus, satellite base station, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] In high-speed mobile communication scenarios, exemplified by Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, Doppler frequency offset is a core challenge affecting communication quality. Orthogonal Time-Frequency-Space (OTFS) modulation technology, due to its signal processing in the Delay-Doppler (DD) domain, can effectively combat the Doppler effect and is considered one of the key technologies for 6th Generation Mobile Communication (6G).

[0003] In downlink multi-user resource allocation scenarios in satellite communications, related technologies suffer from unreasonable resource and power allocation, leading to resource and power waste. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a multi-user resource allocation method, apparatus, satellite base station, and storage medium to rationally allocate resources and power, thereby making full use of resources and power.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a multi-user resource allocation method applied to a satellite base station, the method comprising:

[0006] Based on the minimum rate requirements of multiple users, an optimization process is executed with the goal of minimizing the total satellite transmission power required to meet the minimum rate requirements, thereby obtaining resource allocation information and power allocation information for each user.

[0007] If the satellite base station has available remaining power, then based on the resource allocation information, an optimization process aimed at maximizing satellite energy efficiency is executed, and the power allocation information is updated.

[0008] Downlink control signaling is generated based on the resource allocation information and updated power allocation information of each user, and then sent to each user.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the optimization process, which aims to minimize the total satellite transmission power required to meet the minimum rate requirements of multiple users, and obtains resource allocation information and power allocation information for each user, includes:

[0010] For each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, determine the channel interference ratio of each user on the respective resource grid;

[0011] Based on the channel interference ratio of the multiple users on each of the resource grids, the resource allocation information of each user is determined;

[0012] Based on the resource allocation information, the power allocation information for each user is determined through iterative decoupling while satisfying the minimum rate requirements of each user.

[0013] In one possible implementation, determining the channel interference ratio for each of the users on the resource grid includes:

[0014] For each of the aforementioned users, a determination operation is performed, and the determination operation includes:

[0015] The effective channel gain of the user on the resource grid and the interference intensity of the user on other resource grids when occupying the resource grid are determined respectively.

[0016] The ratio of the effective channel gain to the interference intensity is determined as the channel interference ratio of the user on the resource grid.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the resource allocation information includes a resource allocation matrix; the elements in the resource allocation matrix for any user indicate whether the corresponding resource grid is allocated to that user.

[0018] The step of determining the resource allocation information for each user based on the channel interference ratio of the multiple users on each of the resource grids includes:

[0019] For each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, the resource grid is allocated to the user with the highest channel interference ratio;

[0020] If there are users with insufficient resources among the multiple users, the dynamic allocation operation is executed cyclically until there are no users with insufficient resources among the multiple users; the users with insufficient resources are those whose number of resource grids obtained is less than a preset lower limit.

[0021] Generate a resource allocation matrix for each user based on the allocation results of each resource grid;

[0022] The allocation operation includes:

[0023] For the user with the most obtained resource grids, the resource grid with the lowest channel interference ratio among the resource grids obtained by the user is placed into the resource pool;

[0024] The resource grids in the resource pool are allocated to resource-deficient users with the highest channel interference ratio.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the power allocation information for any user includes the transmit power allocated to each user on each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain; the step of determining the power allocation information for each user based on the resource allocation information, through iterative decoupling, while satisfying the minimum rate requirements of each user, includes:

[0026] The transmit power of each user on each of the resource grids is initialized to zero;

[0027] Multiple iterations are performed, and in any iteration, with the goal of satisfying the minimum rate requirement of each user, the power allocation information of each user is determined according to the resource allocation information.

[0028] If the difference between the minimum total satellite transmission power in two consecutive iterations is less than a preset power threshold, the iteration stops; the minimum total satellite transmission power is the sum of the minimum transmission powers of the multiple users.

[0029] In one possible implementation, determining the power allocation information for each user in any iteration, with the goal of satisfying the minimum rate requirement of each user, based on the resource allocation information, includes:

[0030] In any iteration, for each of the users, a determining operation is performed, and the determining operation includes:

[0031] The power allocation formula for the user is solved using the Lagrange multiplier method to obtain power allocation information that meets the user's minimum rate requirement.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the step of updating the power allocation information by performing an optimization process aimed at maximizing satellite energy efficiency based on the resource allocation information includes:

[0033] Based on the resource allocation information, a greedy strategy is employed to maximize satellite energy efficiency through multiple iterations until the iteration termination condition is met, resulting in updated power allocation information. Each iteration includes the following operations:

[0034] For each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, the marginal energy efficiency gain of the resource grid is determined based on the reference power and the achievable rate of the user on the resource grid;

[0035] Incremental power is allocated to the resource grid with the highest marginal energy efficiency gain in the delay-Doppler domain, and the transmit power allocated to the corresponding user on the resource grid is updated; the incremental power is the minimum of the reference power and the available remaining power.

[0036] Generate power allocation information for each user obtained in the current iteration, wherein the power allocation information for any user includes the transmit power allocated to the user on each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain;

[0037] The iteration termination condition includes either a power budget depletion condition or an energy efficiency gain saturation condition; the power budget depletion condition is that the available remaining power is less than or equal to zero; the energy efficiency gain saturation condition is that the marginal energy efficiency gain of each resource grid is less than or equal to a preset gain threshold.

[0038] In one possible implementation, the step of generating downlink control signaling based on the resource allocation information and updated power allocation information of each user, and sending it to each user, includes:

[0039] Generate a resource grid allocation diagram for each user based on their resource allocation information.

[0040] Based on the updated power allocation information of each user, a power control list is generated for each user.

[0041] The downlink control signaling is sent to each of the aforementioned users, and the downlink control signaling carries the resource grid allocation map and power control list of the corresponding user.

[0042] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a multi-user resource allocation device integrated in a satellite base station, the device comprising:

[0043] The acquisition module is used to perform an operation process aimed at minimizing the total satellite transmission power required to meet the minimum rate requirements of multiple users, in order to obtain resource allocation information and power allocation information for each user.

[0044] The update module is used to update the power allocation information by performing an operation process aimed at maximizing satellite energy efficiency, based on the resource allocation information, if the satellite base station has available remaining power.

[0045] The sending module is used to generate downlink control signaling based on the resource allocation information and updated power allocation information of each user, and send it to each user.

[0046] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a satellite base station, including: a processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor;

[0047] The memory stores computer-executed instructions;

[0048] The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory, causing the processor to perform the first aspect and / or various possible implementations of the first aspect as described above.

[0049] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the first aspect and / or various possible implementations of the first aspect.

[0050] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the first aspect and / or various possible implementations of the first aspect.

[0051] The multi-user resource allocation method, apparatus, satellite base station, and storage medium provided in this application abandon the optimization approach with maximizing rate as the single objective, and propose a two-stage sequential optimization method that includes two different optimization objectives. Specifically, the first stage aims to minimize the total transmission power of the satellite base station, and initially allocates resources and power while meeting the minimum rate requirements of users; the second stage, based on this, aims to maximize the energy efficiency of the satellite base station, and solves the problem of economic allocation of the available remaining power of the satellite base station. Therefore, this application achieves a reasonable allocation of resources and power, thereby enabling full utilization of resources and power. Attached Figure Description

[0052] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the network topology of this application;

[0054] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the multi-user resource allocation method provided in this application. Figure 1 ;

[0055] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the multi-user resource allocation device provided in this application;

[0056] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the satellite base station provided in this application.

[0057] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0058] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0059] This application relates to downlink multi-user resource allocation technology in satellite communications, particularly to high-speed mobile communication systems employing orthogonal time-frequency-space (OTFS) modulation technology.

[0060] In high-speed mobile communication scenarios, exemplified by Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, Doppler frequency offset is a core challenge affecting communication quality. OTFS modulation technology, due to its signal processing in the Delay-Doppler (DD) domain, effectively combats the Doppler effect and is considered one of the key technologies for 6th Generation Mobile Communication (6G).

[0061] The multi-user resource allocation method proposed in this application aims to solve the power and resource allocation problem for multiple users in OTFS systems. Its core objective is to maximize the energy efficiency of satellite base stations, rather than maximizing data rates in the traditional way. This is crucial for energy-constrained satellite base stations and future networks that pursue green communication, and can provide key technical support for next-generation satellite mobile communications.

[0062] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the network topology of this application, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the network topology includes satellites, ground gateways, and K ground mobile stations.

[0063] The satellite is a relay satellite, and it communicates with the ground gateway and each ground mobile station. Optionally, the satellite is a low-Earth orbit satellite. K represents the total number of ground mobile stations, and K is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0064] Among them, the ground mobile station is also known as the ground mobile user terminal (hereinafter referred to as the ground terminal).

[0065] like Figure 1 As shown, the ground gateway also communicates with the server.

[0066] In this network topology, the satellite acts as a relay device, providing each ground terminal with a service to download data from the ground gateway. Therefore, the satellite does not generate the original data; the source of the original data is the ground gateway.

[0067] It should be noted that, Figure 1 The satellite shown refers to a satellite base station.

[0068] Downlink transmission between the ground gateway and the ground terminal refers to the relay of downlink data from the ground gateway to the ground terminal via satellite. Downlink transmission uses OTFS modulation, and signal processing is performed in the DD domain. The DD domain is divided into a space containing... A two-dimensional plane of resource grids, wherein, It is the time delay dimension. This is the Doppler dimension. This application uses a single resource grid as the smallest unit for resource allocation. Resource grid It refers to any resource grid in the DD domain.

[0069] The multi-user resource allocation method provided in this application is implemented by a multi-user resource allocation device, which is integrated into a satellite base station, such as... Figure 1 The satellite base station shown.

[0070] The technical solution of this application and how the technical solution of this application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments. The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0071] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the multi-user resource allocation method provided in this application is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the method includes:

[0072] S201. Based on the minimum rate requirements of multiple users, execute an optimization process aimed at minimizing the total satellite transmission power required to meet the minimum rate requirements, and obtain resource allocation information and power allocation information for each user.

[0073] The total number of users is K, and the number of users is K. Minimum speed requirement for each user The minimum rate threshold is set in advance. ∈[1,K], and It is a positive integer. The... A user refers to any one of multiple users.

[0074] Users in the resource grid achievable rate for:

[0075]

[0076] in, This refers to the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) on this resource grid. Each user must meet a minimum rate requirement: .

[0077] The total satellite transmission power is the sum of the transmission power of multiple users.

[0078] Optionally, the resource allocation information includes a resource allocation matrix. Furthermore, the resource allocation matrix is ​​a three-dimensional binary matrix. The elements in the resource allocation matrix for each user are: ,in Indicates the first A resource grid is allocated to the user ,otherwise To ensure resource exclusivity, the following constraints must be met:

[0079]

[0080] Among them, the In the resource allocation matrix for each user, each element represents whether the corresponding resource grid is allocated to the user. One user.

[0081] Optionally, the power allocation information includes a power loading matrix. Furthermore, the power loading matrix is ​​a three-dimensional matrix. The elements in the power loading matrix for each user are: It indicates that in the first On the resource grid, for the first The transmit power allocated to each user.

[0082] In this embodiment, power allocation and resource allocation have the following logical binding relationship:

[0083]

[0084] Here, sgn is an abbreviation for sign function, whose core function is to extract the sign of a real number.

[0085] In this application, for ease of description, the optimization process aimed at minimizing the total satellite transmit power to meet the minimum rate requirements is referred to as Phase 1. Phase 1 is used to determine the initial resource allocation to meet the minimum rate requirements of users, and the objective of this phase is to minimize the total satellite transmit power as much as possible while satisfying the minimum rate requirements of all users.

[0086]

[0087] S202. If the satellite base station has available remaining power, then based on the resource allocation information, execute an optimization process aimed at maximizing satellite energy efficiency and update the power allocation information.

[0088] This embodiment follows a total power constraint: the sum of the transmission power allocated to all users cannot exceed the total transmission power of the satellite base station. :

[0089]

[0090] Among them, the overall energy efficiency of satellite base stations Defined as the ratio of a satellite's total speed to its total power consumption:

[0091]

[0092] in, This is the fixed power consumption of the satellite base station.

[0093] In this embodiment, the constraints include total power constraints, minimum rate constraints, and non-negative logical binding constraints on resources and power.

[0094] The overall optimization objective (MOP) of this embodiment is: .

[0095] In this application, for ease of description, the optimization process aimed at maximizing satellite energy efficiency will be referred to as Phase Two. Phase Two is used to determine the remaining power allocation that maximizes energy efficiency.

[0096] After Phase One is completed, the available remaining power of the satellite base station is The goal of Phase Two is to use up all resources. In the process, maximize satellite energy efficiency.

[0097] S203. Generate downlink control signaling based on the resource allocation information and updated power allocation information of each user, and send it to each user.

[0098] In this step, for the first For each user, a downlink control signaling is generated based on the user's resource allocation information and the updated power allocation information, and then sent to the user.

[0099] This application abandons the optimization approach with "rate maximization" as the single objective and proposes a two-stage sequential optimization method incorporating two different optimization objectives. Specifically, the first stage aims to minimize the total transmission power of the satellite base station, allocating resources and power initially while meeting the minimum data rate requirements of users. The second stage, building on this, aims to maximize the energy efficiency of the satellite base station, addressing the economic allocation problem of the available surplus power. Therefore, this application achieves a rational allocation of resources and power, thereby enabling full utilization of resources and power.

[0100] The two stages will be explained in detail below.

[0101] First, we will explain stage one. In one optional embodiment, the specific implementation process of step S201 includes the following steps S2011-S2023.

[0102] S2021. For each resource grid in the DD domain, determine the channel interference ratio of each user in that resource grid.

[0103] This step refers to the resource grid. Each user is identified in the resource grid. Channel interference ratio.

[0104] In one alternative implementation, for the resource grid Determine each user's location on the resource grid. The specific implementation process of the channel interference ratio includes: performing a determination operation for each user, and the determination operation includes: determining the user's location within the resource grid. The effective channel gain and the user's occupied resource grid The intensity of interference to other resource grids is measured; the ratio of effective channel gain to interference intensity is determined as the user's interference intensity within the resource grid. Channel interference ratio.

[0105] For example, channel interference ratio for:

[0106]

[0107] in, The molecule represents the first One user in this resource grid The effective channel gain on the denominator represents the th One user is using this resource grid. The intensity of interference to other resource grids at that time. The higher the value, the better the resource grid will be. Assigned to the The higher the "cost-effectiveness" for each user.

[0108] in, This represents the sampling time within the channel coherence time. This represents the total number of samples taken during the channel coherence time. Representing the At the sampling time, the first Individual users in the resource grid Instantaneous channel gain.

[0109] Optionally, when calculating the channel interference ratio, factors such as user service type, historical communication quality, and service level agreement (SLA) can be introduced as weighting factors to achieve multi-dimensional comprehensive decision-making.

[0110] S2022. Determine the resource allocation information for each user based on the channel interference ratio of each user on each resource grid.

[0111] This step is a dynamic allocation process. In one optional implementation, the resource allocation information includes a resource allocation matrix; the elements in the resource allocation matrix of any user indicate whether the corresponding resource grid is allocated to the user; accordingly, the specific implementation process of determining the resource allocation information of each user according to the channel interference ratio of multiple users on each resource grid includes the following steps (1)-(4).

[0112] (1) For each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, allocate the resource grid to the user with the highest channel interference ratio.

[0113] Specifically, regarding resource grids Each user has a corresponding channel interference ratio, which is applied to the resource grid. The user with the highest channel interference ratio among the K users is assigned to this user.

[0114] (2) Determine if there are users with insufficient resources.

[0115] Users with insufficient resources are those whose allocated resource grids are fewer than a preset lower limit. This preset lower limit can be dynamically adjusted based on user priority, service type (e.g., real-time voice or non-real-time data), or network load. The preset lower limit can be... Or other suitable values.

[0116] If there are no users with insufficient resources, proceed directly to step (4); if there are users with insufficient resources, proceed to steps (3)-(4).

[0117] (3) If there are users with insufficient resources among multiple users, the dynamic allocation operation is executed repeatedly until there are no users with insufficient resources among multiple users.

[0118] The allocation operation includes the following steps (3-1)-(3-2).

[0119] (3-1) For the user with the most resource grids, put the resource grid with the lowest channel interference ratio among the resource grids obtained by the user into the resource pool.

[0120] At this point, the resource pool contains one resource grid.

[0121] (3-2) Allocate the resource grids in the resource pool to the resource-insufficient users with the highest channel interference ratio.

[0122] For each resource grid in the resource pool, select the user with the highest channel interference ratio from the currently existing users with insufficient resources, and allocate the resource grid to that user.

[0123] After step (3-2), step (2) is executed again to determine if there are any users with insufficient resources. This process is repeated until all users meet the minimum grid requirement.

[0124] This embodiment determines whether a user's number of grid points is below a preset lower limit. If so, it retrieves users with excessive resources. The resource grid with the lowest value is placed into the resource pool, and then resources are allocated to users with insufficient resources from the resource pool according to their available values. The highest value is assigned, and so on, until all users meet the minimum grid number requirement.

[0125] (4) Generate the resource allocation matrix for each user based on the allocation results of each resource grid.

[0126] This application uses a single resource grid as the smallest allocation unit and introduces channel interference ratio (CIR) for precise matching between users and resources. This fully utilizes the sparsity of the DD domain channel, ensuring that high-quality resources are used most efficiently, avoiding the resource waste caused by traditional bundled allocation, and thus improving the overall utilization rate of spectrum and power resources.

[0127] S2023. Based on the resource allocation information, determine the power allocation information of each user under the condition of meeting the minimum rate requirements of each user through iterative decoupling.

[0128] After the resource grid allocation is determined, an iterative decoupling algorithm is used to calculate the minimum satellite transmit power in order to meet the minimum rate requirements of each user.

[0129] In one optional implementation, the power allocation information for any user includes the transmit power allocated to each user on each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain. Accordingly, based on the resource allocation information, the specific implementation process for determining the power allocation information for each user while satisfying the minimum rate requirements of each user, through iterative decoupling, includes:

[0130] Initialize the transmit power of each user on each resource grid to zero;

[0131] Multiple iterations are performed, and in any iteration, the goal is to meet the minimum rate requirements of each user, and the power allocation information of each user is determined based on the resource allocation information.

[0132] If the difference between the minimum total satellite transmission power in two consecutive iterations is less than a preset power threshold, the iteration is stopped.

[0133] The minimum total satellite transmission power is the sum of the minimum transmission powers of multiple users. A preset power threshold can be set as needed, for example, a smaller threshold can be set.

[0134] Let 's' represent the iteration round, where 's' is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. The 's-th' iteration refers to any given iteration round; for example, s=1 represents the first iteration round, and s=2 represents the second iteration round. It should be noted that during the initialization phase before multiple iterations, the 's-th' iteration... Individual users in the resource grid The transmit power at the location Set to 0. In each iteration after the initialization phase, set the user... The process is repeated iteratively. Taking the s-th iteration as an example, in processing the s-th iteration... When there is only one user, all other users are fixed. The power, and regard it as the power of the first Fixed interference for individual users At this time, it is the first The problem of allocating power to individual users is thus decoupled from a multi-user coupled problem into a single-user problem.

[0135] Optionally, the single-user power optimization process, that is, in any iteration, with the goal of meeting the minimum rate requirements of each user, and the specific implementation process of determining the power allocation information of each user based on the resource allocation information, includes: in any iteration, for each user, performing a determination operation, and the determination operation includes: solving the user's power allocation formula by using the Lagrange multiplier method to obtain the power allocation information that meets the user's minimum rate requirements.

[0136] For example, using the water-filling concept, the power distribution formula is solved through the Lagrange multiplier method, so that the first... Individual users satisfy Under the premise of minimizing its own power consumption, the power allocation formula is as follows:

[0137]

[0138] in, For the s-th iteration, the th iteration... Individual users in the resource grid The transmission power at that location. It is the equivalent channel gain, and it is the first... Individual users in the resource grid The comprehensive measurement of channel transmission characteristics depends on the specific communication scenario and channel model. The general calculation logic is as follows:

[0139]

[0140] in, It is the first Individual users in the resource grid The square of the channel amplitude gain at a given point is determined by channel characteristics such as path loss, shadowing fading, and multipath fading, and can be calculated through channel estimation or theoretical models (such as Rayleigh fading and Rice fading models). It is the system's transmission bandwidth.

[0141] in, The water level was obtained through a bisection method iterative process. It is the power spectral density of background noise, representing the noise power per unit bandwidth, and is a fundamental parameter in communication systems. In a single iteration calculation, it is a constant. It is determined by the communication environment (such as thermal noise) and hardware characteristics, and does not change with user power or the number of iterations.

[0142] It should be noted that the water-filling algorithm can be replaced by a fixed power allocation combined with rate verification. That is, a fixed power value is allocated to the user, and it is verified whether this power value can enable the user to reach the minimum rate requirement. If it cannot, the power value is increased.

[0143] Convergence criterion: Repeat the above iterative process until the difference between the minimum total satellite transmission power calculated in two consecutive iterations is less than a very small threshold. (For example If W), then the algorithm is considered converged. The minimum total satellite transmit power calculated in this stage is denoted as W. .

[0144] For example, the minimum total transmission power of the satellite is: .

[0145] in, Is assigned to the first A grid set of users; It is the s-th iteration after the s-th iteration. A user in the grid The transmit power at point s. The s-th iteration refers to any iteration.

[0146] To achieve the power minimization objective in the first stage, this application designs a low-complexity joint allocation mechanism. This mechanism first uses the "channel-to-interference ratio" (CTR) metric for fine-grained resource grid allocation; subsequently, it employs an "iterative decoupling" technique to simplify the complex multi-user power allocation problem into a series of quickly solvable single-user problems. The organic combination of these two techniques is key to achieving the first-stage objective.

[0147] This application employs a computationally lighter iterative decoupling and greedy strategy, replacing traditional high-complexity convex optimization or dynamic programming algorithms. This reduces computational complexity, facilitating rapid response to dynamic channel changes in low-Earth orbit satellite communications and ensuring communication stability and smoothness.

[0148] The following is an explanation of Phase Two.

[0149] After Phase One is completed, the available remaining power of the satellite base station is The goal at this stage is to exhaust... In the process, maximize the increase in energy efficiency.

[0150] In one optional embodiment, the specific implementation process of step S202 includes: according to the resource allocation information, using a greedy strategy to perform multiple iterations with the goal of maximizing satellite energy efficiency until the iteration termination condition is met, and obtaining the updated power allocation information.

[0151] Each iteration includes the following steps (1)-(3).

[0152] (1) For each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, the marginal energy efficiency gain of the resource grid is determined based on the reference power and the reachable rate of the user on the resource grid.

[0153] For example, for each allocated resource grid Calculate marginal energy efficiency gain The formula is:

[0154]

[0155] in, For reference power, For the first Individual users in the resource grid The achievable rate on the resource grid. The marginal energy efficiency gain means that if a resource grid is given... Add a small amount of extra power The ratio of the resulting rate increase to this small amount of power. It measures the efficiency gains within the resource grid. The efficiency of the "investment" power. Therefore Represents increased power The achievable rate after that.

[0156] Optionally, It can be dynamically adjusted; for example, a large step size can be used for rapid allocation initially, and a small step size can be used for fine-tuning later.

[0157] (2) Assign incremental power to the resource grid with the highest marginal energy efficiency gain in the delay-Doppler domain and update the transmit power assigned to the corresponding user on the resource grid.

[0158] Among them, incremental power Reference power With available surplus power The minimum value in, that is .

[0159] After allocating incremental power, since the resource grid has already been assigned to the corresponding user, it is necessary to update the transmit power allocated to that user on that resource grid.

[0160] (3) Generate the power allocation information of each user obtained in the current iteration, and the power allocation information of any user includes the transmit power allocated to that user on each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain.

[0161] The iteration termination condition includes either the power budget depletion condition or the energy efficiency gain saturation condition; the power budget depletion condition is that the available remaining power is less than or equal to zero; the energy efficiency gain saturation condition is that the marginal energy efficiency gain of each resource grid is less than or equal to a preset gain threshold.

[0162] After step (2), it is also necessary to recalculate the available remaining power of the satellite base station and the marginal energy efficiency gain of the resource grid in order to determine whether the iteration termination condition is met.

[0163] For example, the preset gain threshold is a preset non-negative threshold (such as 0).

[0164] The energy efficiency gain saturation condition ensures that the power allocation process will actively terminate when further power input no longer produces effective energy efficiency returns, thereby maintaining the total power consumption of the satellite at an economical operating point and avoiding unnecessary power consumption.

[0165] This application uses "marginal energy efficiency gain" as the decision-making basis for power allocation and introduces "energy efficiency gain saturation" as one of the core termination conditions of the algorithm. Unlike related technologies where rate-oriented algorithms must use full power due to the monotonicity of their objective function, this application's decision mechanism can quantify the economics of each unit of power input. When the system determines that increasing power will no longer bring sufficient rate returns (i.e., energy efficiency gain saturation), it will actively terminate power allocation, allowing the total transmit power to adaptively converge to an energy-efficient optimal value that matches the current channel conditions and service requirements, rather than always tending towards the physical power limit. This mechanism can achieve significant, non-human-intervention-based power savings in scenarios with sufficient power budget or good channel conditions, which is particularly important for energy-constrained satellite platforms.

[0166] The generation process of downlink control signaling is explained below.

[0167] Optionally, the algorithm described above in this embodiment is implemented in the resource scheduling unit of the satellite base station. The resource scheduling unit can be implemented in software or hardware, and this application does not limit it. Its calculation results are ultimately reflected through physical control signaling and transmission power adjustment.

[0168] Specifically, the resource allocation matrix S and power loading matrix P output by the algorithm are used to generate downlink control signaling to notify each user of the resources allocated to them and the corresponding power level.

[0169] The specific implementation of step S203 includes the following steps S2031-S2033.

[0170] S2031. Generate resource grid allocation diagrams for each user based on their resource allocation information.

[0171] For example, the resource grid allocation map is represented in the form of a bitmap or an indexed list. The resource grid allocation map can identify each resource grid allocated to a user, one by one and discretely. This directly reflects the fine-grained allocation strategy of this application.

[0172] S2032. Generate a power control list for each user based on the updated power allocation information of each user.

[0173] The power control list is a list that strictly corresponds to the number of grids allocated in the resource grid allocation map, and each entry gives the specific power value of the corresponding grid.

[0174] Due to the application of the two-stage algorithm, the values ​​in this power control list exhibit a discontinuous and differentiated distribution, with the power value corresponding to high-quality channels being significantly higher than that of low-quality channels. This is fundamentally different from signaling that distributes power uniformly in the traditional way.

[0175] S2033. Send the corresponding downlink control signaling to each user, and the downlink control signaling carries the resource grid allocation map and power control list of the corresponding user.

[0176] The total satellite transmission power is all The sum of all. The two-stage nature of this scheme results in a unique behavioral pattern in the total transmit power:

[0177] Low-power platform phase: When all users have only the minimum data rate requirement, the total transmit power stabilizes at the minimum power value calculated in phase one. This forms a lower power platform.

[0178] Slope Growth Phase: When a user requests higher service quality and enters Phase Two, the total transmit power will increase slope-wise based on the platform's remaining allocated power until it reaches the total power limit. Or energy efficiency gain saturation.

[0179] This application abandons the optimization approach with "rate maximization" as the single objective and proposes a two-stage sequential optimization method that incorporates two different optimization objectives. Specifically, the first stage aims to minimize power and make full use of resources; the second stage, based on this, aims to maximize energy efficiency and solve the problem of economically allocating surplus power. Therefore, this application achieves the effect of rationally allocating resources and power, thereby making full use of both.

[0180] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-user resource allocation device provided in this application is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the multi-user resource allocation device 30 provided in this embodiment includes:

[0181] The acquisition module 301 is used to perform an operation process aimed at minimizing the total satellite transmission power to meet the minimum rate requirements of multiple users, in order to obtain resource allocation information and power allocation information for each user.

[0182] The update module 302 is used to update the power allocation information by performing an operation process aimed at maximizing satellite energy efficiency, based on the resource allocation information if there is available remaining power at the satellite base station.

[0183] The sending module 303 is used to generate downlink control signaling based on the resource allocation information and updated power allocation information of each user, and send it to each user.

[0184] In one possible implementation, the acquisition module 301 is used for:

[0185] For each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, determine the channel interference ratio for each user in each resource grid;

[0186] Based on the channel interference ratio of multiple users on each resource grid, determine the resource allocation information of each user;

[0187] Based on the resource allocation information, the power allocation information for each user is determined through iterative decoupling while meeting the minimum rate requirements of each user.

[0188] In one possible implementation, the acquisition module 301 is used for:

[0189] For each user, a specific action is performed, including:

[0190] Determine the effective channel gain of the user on the resource grid and the interference intensity of the user on other resource grids when occupying a resource grid;

[0191] The ratio of effective channel gain to interference intensity is defined as the channel interference ratio of the user on the resource grid.

[0192] In one possible implementation, the resource allocation information includes a resource allocation matrix; the elements in the resource allocation matrix for any user indicate whether the corresponding resource grid has been allocated to the user.

[0193] Module 301 is used for:

[0194] For each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, the resource grid is allocated to the user with the highest channel interference ratio;

[0195] If there are users with insufficient resources among multiple users, the dynamic allocation operation is executed repeatedly until there are no users with insufficient resources among multiple users; users with insufficient resources are those who have been allocated fewer resource grids than a preset lower limit.

[0196] Generate a resource allocation matrix for each user based on the allocation results of each resource grid;

[0197] The allocation operation includes:

[0198] For the user with the most resource grids, the resource grid with the lowest channel interference ratio among the user's resource grids is placed into the resource pool;

[0199] Allocate resource grids from the resource pool to resource-deficient users with the highest channel interference ratio.

[0200] In one possible implementation, the power allocation information for any user includes the transmit power allocated to the user on each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain; the acquisition module 301 is used for:

[0201] Initialize the transmit power of each user on each resource grid to zero;

[0202] Multiple iterations are performed, and in any iteration, the goal is to meet the minimum rate requirements of each user, and the power allocation information of each user is determined based on the resource allocation information.

[0203] If the difference between the minimum total satellite transmit power in two consecutive iterations is less than a preset power threshold, the iteration stops; the minimum total satellite transmit power is the sum of the minimum transmit power of multiple users.

[0204] In one possible implementation, the acquisition module 301 is used for:

[0205] In any iteration, for each user, a specific operation is performed, and the specific operation includes:

[0206] The power allocation formula for users is solved using the Lagrange multiplier method to obtain power allocation information that meets the minimum rate requirements of users.

[0207] In one possible implementation, the update module 302 is used for:

[0208] Based on the resource allocation information, a greedy strategy is adopted to maximize satellite energy efficiency through multiple iterations until the iteration termination condition is met, resulting in updated power allocation information. Each iteration includes the following operations:

[0209] For each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, the marginal energy efficiency gain of the resource grid is determined based on the reference power and the reachable rate of the user on the resource grid;

[0210] Incremental power is allocated to the resource grid with the highest marginal energy efficiency gain in the delay-Doppler domain, and the transmit power allocated to the corresponding user on the resource grid is updated; the incremental power is the minimum of the reference power and the available remaining power.

[0211] Generate the power allocation information for each user obtained in the current iteration, and the power allocation information for any user includes the transmit power allocated to the user on each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain;

[0212] The iteration termination condition includes either the power budget depletion condition or the energy efficiency gain saturation condition; the power budget depletion condition is that the available remaining power is less than or equal to zero; the energy efficiency gain saturation condition is that the marginal energy efficiency gain of each resource grid is less than or equal to a preset gain threshold.

[0213] In one possible implementation, the sending module 303 is configured to:

[0214] Generate resource grid allocation diagrams for each user based on their resource allocation information.

[0215] Generate a power control list for each user based on their updated power allocation information.

[0216] The corresponding downlink control signaling is sent to each user, and the downlink control signaling carries the resource grid allocation map and power control list of the corresponding user.

[0217] The multi-user resource allocation device 30 provided in this embodiment can execute the method provided in the above method embodiment. Its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, and will not be described in detail here.

[0218] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the satellite base station provided in this application. Figure 4 As shown, the satellite base station 40 provided in this embodiment includes: a processor 401 and a memory 402 that is communicatively connected to the processor 401.

[0219] Optionally, the satellite base station 40 also includes a communication component 403. The processor 401, memory 402, and communication component 403 are connected via a bus.

[0220] In the specific implementation process, the processor 401 executes the computer execution instructions stored in the memory 402, causing the processor 401 to perform the above-mentioned method.

[0221] The specific implementation process of processor 401 can be found in the above method embodiments, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar. It will not be repeated here.

[0222] In the above embodiments, it should be understood that the processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in this invention can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor.

[0223] The memory may include random access memory (RAM) and may also include non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage device.

[0224] Buses can be Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) buses, Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) buses, or Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) buses, etc. Buses can be categorized into address buses, data buses, control buses, etc.

[0225] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0226] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described method.

[0227] The aforementioned readable storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as read-only memory (ROM), static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk. The readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0228] An exemplary readable storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the readable storage medium. Of course, the readable storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and the readable storage medium can reside in an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Alternatively, the processor and the readable storage medium can exist as discrete components in the device.

[0229] The division of units is merely a logical functional division; in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices, or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0230] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0231] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0232] If a function is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a satellite base station to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0233] Finally, it should be noted that other embodiments of the invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein, and is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method of multi-user resource allocation, characterized by, Applied to satellite base stations, the method includes: Based on the minimum rate requirements of multiple users, an optimization process is executed with the goal of minimizing the total satellite transmission power required to meet the minimum rate requirements, thereby obtaining resource allocation information and power allocation information for each user. If the satellite base station has available remaining power, then based on the resource allocation information, a greedy strategy is adopted to perform multiple iterations with the goal of maximizing satellite energy efficiency, until the iteration termination condition is met, and the updated power allocation information is obtained; wherein each iteration includes the following operations: For each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, the marginal energy efficiency gain of the resource grid is determined based on the reference power and the achievable rate of the user on the resource grid; Incremental power is allocated to the resource grid with the highest marginal energy efficiency gain in the delay-Doppler domain, and the transmit power allocated to the corresponding user on the resource grid is updated; the incremental power is the minimum of the reference power and the available remaining power. Generate power allocation information for each user obtained in the current iteration, wherein the power allocation information for any user includes the transmit power allocated to the user on each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain; The iteration termination condition includes either a power budget depletion condition or an energy efficiency gain saturation condition; the power budget depletion condition is that the available remaining power is less than or equal to zero; the energy efficiency gain saturation condition is that the marginal energy efficiency gain of each resource grid is less than or equal to a preset gain threshold. Downlink control signaling is generated based on the resource allocation information and updated power allocation information of each user, and then sent to each user.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The optimization process, based on the minimum rate requirements of multiple users, aims to minimize the total satellite transmission power required to meet those minimum rate requirements, resulting in resource allocation information and power allocation information for each user, including: For each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, determine the channel interference ratio of each user on the respective resource grid; Based on the channel interference ratio of the multiple users on each of the resource grids, the resource allocation information of each user is determined; Based on the resource allocation information, the power allocation information for each user is determined through iterative decoupling while satisfying the minimum rate requirements of each user.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, Determining the channel interference ratio for each user on the resource grid includes: For each of the aforementioned users, a determination operation is performed, and the determination operation includes: The effective channel gain of the user on the resource grid and the interference intensity of the user on other resource grids when occupying the resource grid are determined respectively. The ratio of the effective channel gain to the interference intensity is determined as the channel interference ratio of the user on the resource grid.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein, The resource allocation information includes a resource allocation matrix; the elements in the resource allocation matrix for any user indicate whether the corresponding resource grid has been allocated to that user. The step of determining the resource allocation information for each user based on the channel interference ratio of the multiple users on each of the resource grids includes: For each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, the resource grid is allocated to the user with the highest channel interference ratio; If there are users with insufficient resources among the multiple users, the dynamic allocation operation is executed cyclically until there are no users with insufficient resources among the multiple users; the users with insufficient resources are those whose number of resource grids obtained is less than a preset lower limit. Generate a resource allocation matrix for each user based on the allocation results of each resource grid; The allocation operation includes: For the user with the most obtained resource grids, the resource grid with the lowest channel interference ratio among the resource grids obtained by the user is placed into the resource pool; The resource grids in the resource pool are allocated to resource-deficient users with the highest channel interference ratio.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein, The power allocation information for any user includes the transmit power allocated to the user on each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain; the step of determining the power allocation information for each user based on the resource allocation information, through iterative decoupling, while satisfying the minimum rate requirements of each user, includes: The transmit power of each user on each of the resource grids is initialized to zero; Multiple iterations are performed, and in any iteration, with the goal of satisfying the minimum rate requirement of each user, the power allocation information of each user is determined according to the resource allocation information. If the difference between the minimum total satellite transmission power in two consecutive iterations is less than a preset power threshold, the iteration stops; the minimum total satellite transmission power is the sum of the minimum transmission powers of the multiple users.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, In any iteration, with the goal of satisfying the minimum rate requirement of each user, the power allocation information for each user is determined based on the resource allocation information, including: In any iteration, for each of the users, a determining operation is performed, and the determining operation includes: The power allocation formula for the user is solved using the Lagrange multiplier method to obtain power allocation information that meets the user's minimum rate requirement.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, The step of generating downlink control signaling based on the resource allocation information and updated power allocation information of each user, and sending it to each user, includes: Generate a resource grid allocation diagram for each user based on their resource allocation information. Based on the updated power allocation information of each user, a power control list is generated for each user. The downlink control signaling is sent to each of the aforementioned users, and the downlink control signaling carries the resource grid allocation map and power control list of the corresponding user.

8. A multi-user resource allocation apparatus, characterized by comprising: Integrated into a satellite base station, the device includes: The acquisition module is used to perform an operation process aimed at minimizing the total satellite transmission power required to meet the minimum rate requirements of multiple users, in order to obtain resource allocation information and power allocation information for each user. An update module is used to, if the satellite base station has available remaining power, perform multiple iterations using a greedy strategy based on the resource allocation information, with the goal of maximizing satellite energy efficiency, until the iteration termination condition is met, to obtain updated power allocation information. Each iteration includes the following operations: for each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain, determine the marginal energy efficiency gain of the resource grid based on the reference power and the achievable rate of the user on the resource grid; allocate incremental power to the resource grid with the highest marginal energy efficiency gain in the delay-Doppler domain, and update the transmit power allocated to the corresponding user on the resource grid; the incremental power is the minimum value between the reference power and the available remaining power; generate power allocation information for each user obtained in the current iteration, and the power allocation information for any user includes the transmit power allocated to the user on each resource grid in the delay-Doppler domain; the iteration termination condition includes either a power budget depletion condition or an energy efficiency gain saturation condition; the power budget depletion condition is that the available remaining power is less than or equal to zero; the energy efficiency gain saturation condition is that the marginal energy efficiency gain of each resource grid is less than or equal to a preset gain threshold. The sending module is used to generate downlink control signaling based on the resource allocation information and updated power allocation information of each user, and send it to each user.

9. A satellite base station, characterized by, include: A processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor; The memory stores computer-executed instructions; The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory, causing the processor to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

11. A computer program product, characterised in that, Includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in any one of claims 1-7.

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