A double-blade gas film hole processing equipment and a processing method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of gas film hole processing, and discloses a double-leaf gas film hole processing equipment and a processing method thereof. The processing equipment comprises a laser for processing a gas film hole in a side wall area; a scanning galvanometer arranged on a light emitting path of the laser and used for deflecting a propagation direction of a laser beam; a light guide pipe comprising a light inlet, a light outlet and a bending part between the light inlet and the light outlet, wherein a projection length of the part of the light guide pipe extending into a narrow cavity in a gap direction between two adjacent leaves is smaller than a gap width between the two adjacent leaves; a reflecting mirror fixed to an inner wall of the bending part and used for reflecting and guiding a laser beam incident from the light inlet to the light outlet; and a field lens arranged between the scanning galvanometer and the light inlet and used for focusing the laser beam deflected by the scanning galvanometer and making the laser beam form a light spot with a diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the light guide pipe at the light inlet. The application has the advantages that the side wall area of the narrow cavity can be efficiently and accurately perforated by laser.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of film pore processing technology, and in particular to a processing device and method for film pores on double blades. Background Technology

[0002] Twin turbine blades, constructed using a monolithic casting structure, possess excellent aerodynamic performance and structural rigidity, and are widely used in the high-pressure turbine sections of aero-engines. To enhance their high-temperature service capability, a large number of micron-sized film cooling holes need to be densely machined on the blade surface. However, the cavity formed between adjacent blades is extremely narrow (the gap is approximately 10 mm), and the target film cooling holes are often located on sidewalls, chamfers, or flow channel obstructions, preventing the laser beam from reaching the machining position along a straight path, severely restricting the realization of high-precision and high-efficiency machining.

[0003] Currently, the main technologies used for film cooling hole processing are electrical discharge machining (EDM) and laser drilling. While EDM can create complex hole shapes, it requires custom-designed bent electrodes for different cavity structures, resulting in high cost, low efficiency, and significant electrode wear. Furthermore, it struggles to meet the dimensional accuracy and consistency requirements of high aspect ratio film cooling holes. Laser drilling, while offering advantages such as non-contact operation, high efficiency, and high precision, is limited by the "direct-view path" condition in the narrow cavities of twin blades. The laser beam is often completely blocked by adjacent blades, preventing it from directly targeting the hole.

[0004] To address the beam reachability issue, existing laser systems typically employ two types of light guiding schemes: one is a rigid optical path structure based on a rigid mirror assembly, using multiple plane mirrors to change the beam direction; the other is using flexible optical fibers to transmit high-energy lasers. However, traditional rigid mirror assemblies, which include mirrors, adjustment brackets, and mounting bases, usually have an overall envelope size exceeding 20mm, far larger than narrow cavities in the 10mm range, making them difficult to install. Furthermore, their degrees of freedom are extremely low, making them unsuitable for precise positioning of multi-angle apertures. While fiber optic solutions offer good flexibility, they are limited by the damage threshold of fiber materials and cannot withstand nanosecond / picosecond high-energy pulsed lasers, easily leading to nonlinear effects or end-face ablation, resulting in poor reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a double-blade air film hole processing equipment and processing method that can perform efficient and precise laser drilling of the side wall area of ​​a narrow cavity without damaging the blade.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is to provide a processing device for film vents in double-bladed blades, used to process the sidewall region of the narrow cavity formed between two adjacent blades, including:

[0007] A laser for outputting a high-energy pulsed laser beam to process film holes in the sidewall region;

[0008] A scanning galvanometer is positioned on the light output path of the laser to deflect the propagation direction of the laser beam.

[0009] A light guide tube includes a light inlet and a light outlet, and has at least one bend located between the light inlet and the light outlet, and the portion of the light guide tube extending into the narrow cavity has a projected length in the gap direction between two adjacent blades that is smaller than the gap width between two adjacent blades.

[0010] At least one reflector lens is fixed to the inner wall of the bend and is used to reflect and guide the laser beam incident from the light inlet to the light outlet.

[0011] A field lens, located between the scanning galvanometer and the light inlet, is used to focus the laser beam deflected by the scanning galvanometer and form a light spot at the light inlet with a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the light guide tube.

[0012] In the above-mentioned processing equipment for double-bladed air film holes, the sum of the distance between the field lens and the light inlet, the length of the laser beam transmission path in the light guide tube, and the distance from the light outlet to the side wall region is equal to the working distance of the field lens.

[0013] In the above-mentioned processing equipment for double-bladed air film holes, the light inlet is provided with a light-transmitting plate, the outer wall of the light guide tube is provided with a medium input interface for connecting the cooling medium, the medium input interface is located between the light inlet and the reflective lens near the light inlet, and the medium input interface is connected to the inside of the light guide tube, and the light outlet is an open port.

[0014] In the above-mentioned processing equipment for double-blade air film holes, the axis of the medium input interface and the axis of the light guide tube have an angle greater than 10° and less than or equal to 90°.

[0015] In the above-mentioned processing equipment for double-bladed air film holes, the light guide tube includes a first bend, a second bend, and a third bend arranged sequentially along its own axial direction. The reflective lens includes a first reflective lens fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the first bend, a second reflective lens fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the second bend, and a third reflective lens fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the third bend.

[0016] In the above-mentioned processing equipment for double-blade air film holes, the inner angles of the first bend, the second bend, and the third bend are all greater than 60° and less than 180°, and the inner diameter of the light guide tube is greater than or equal to 3 mm and less than the gap width.

[0017] The aforementioned processing equipment for double-bladed film vents further includes a beam splitter and an image acquisition device. The beam splitter is positioned in the optical path between the laser and the scanning galvanometer, and the image acquisition device is located in the reflected optical path of the beam splitter. When the control system controls the scanning galvanometer to maintain a fixed deflection angle, the image acquisition device can receive visible light returning from the sidewall region and passing sequentially through the light guide tube, field lens, and scanning galvanometer before being reflected by the beam splitter, thereby acquiring an image of the sidewall region.

[0018] The above-mentioned processing equipment for double-bladed air film pores also includes a mounting frame, which includes a first mounting structure, a second mounting structure, and a third mounting structure that are interconnected. The scanning galvanometer and the field lens are detachably mounted on the first mounting structure, the light guide is detachably mounted on the second mounting structure, and the beam splitter and the image acquisition device are detachably mounted on the third mounting structure.

[0019] The above-mentioned processing equipment for double-blade film-forming holes also includes a worktable, on which a clamp for holding the double-blade and a multi-axis driver are provided. The mounting bracket is detachably mounted on the output end of the multi-axis driver, and the position and attitude of the mounting bracket can be adjusted by the multi-axis driver.

[0020] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is to also provide a processing method for a processing device for film vents in double blades, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1. Use a fixture to fix the double blades on the worktable, and rotate the fixture to position the double blades in the processing position;

[0022] S2. Select a light guide tube of the corresponding specification according to the gap width between two adjacent blades, so that the projection length of the part of the light guide tube that extends into the narrow cavity in the gap direction between two adjacent blades is less than the gap width between two adjacent blades.

[0023] S3. Based on the working distance of the field lens, the length of the laser beam transmission path in the light guide tube, and the distance from the light outlet of the light guide tube to the side wall area to be processed, adjust the distance between the field lens and the light inlet of the light guide tube, and make the sum of the distance between the field lens and the light inlet, the length of the laser beam transmission path in the light guide tube, and the distance from the light outlet to the side wall area equal to the working distance of the field lens.

[0024] S4. The control system turns on the visible light illumination source and controls the image acquisition device to acquire and position the image of the side wall area to be processed. Then, it controls the multi-axis driver to adjust the position and orientation of the scanning galvanometer, field lens and light guide tube so that the axis of the light guide tube is aligned with the axis of the air film hole to be processed.

[0025] S5. Connect the medium supply device to the medium input interface on the light guide tube, introduce cooling medium into the light guide tube, and blow the cooling medium through the light guide tube to the side wall area.

[0026] S6. After positioning is completed, the control system turns off the visible light source, starts the laser and scanning galvanometer, and makes the scanning galvanometer control the laser beam to perform layer-by-layer processing according to the preset single-hole three-dimensional scanning path. At the same time, it controls the multi-axis driver to drive the scanning galvanometer, field lens and light guide tube to feed layer by layer to complete the air film hole processing.

[0027] S7. After a single air film hole is processed, turn off the laser and the medium supply device. If there is another air film hole to be processed, determine whether the light guide tube needs to be replaced based on its position. If it needs to be replaced, return to step S2. If it does not need to be replaced, return to step S4 until all air film holes are processed.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. In this invention, a scanning galvanometer is positioned on the laser's output path; the light guide tube includes an inlet and an outlet, and has at least one bend located between them, the portion of which extends into the narrow cavity having a projected length in the direction of the gap between adjacent blades that is less than the width of the gap between adjacent blades; at least one reflecting mirror is fixed to the inner wall of the bend to reflect the laser beam incident from the inlet and guide it to the outlet; a field mirror is positioned between the scanning galvanometer and the inlet to focus the laser beam deflected by the scanning galvanometer and form a spot at the inlet with a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the light guide tube. This design allows high-energy pulsed lasers to be effectively introduced into the sidewall region of the narrow cavity through a rigid light guide structure without contacting adjacent blades, avoiding the defects of traditional flexible optical fibers such as fragility under high power and inability to enter through direct light paths, while ensuring efficient transmission of laser energy without ablation of the inner wall of the light guide tube, significantly improving processing accessibility and system reliability.

[0030] 2. In this invention, the sum of the distance between the field lens and the light inlet (starting section), the length of the laser beam transmission path inside the light guide tube, and the distance from the light outlet to the side wall region (ending section) is equal to the working distance of the field lens. This design ensures that the laser focus is accurately positioned at the side wall processing location by incorporating the starting section, the inner section of the light guide tube, and the ending section into the equivalent focusing optical path of the field lens. The starting section provides sufficient focusing space for the beam, preventing unconverged beams from entering the tube prematurely and rubbing against the inner wall. The ending section ensures that the laser completes final convergence after exiting the tube, avoiding the focus from lingering near the light outlet. This not only maintains a small spot size and high energy density at the processing point, improving the quality of the air film aperture formation and effectively solving the problems of focus drift and drilling failure in long, multi-bend optical paths, but also fundamentally avoids the risk of thermal damage and ablation caused by the focus accidentally falling on the inner wall of the light guide tube, the reflective lens, or the light outlet end face, ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the equipment.

[0031] 3. In this invention, the light inlet is equipped with a light-transmitting plate, and the outer wall of the light guide tube is equipped with a medium input interface for receiving the cooling medium. The medium input interface is located between the light inlet and the reflective lens near the light inlet, and the medium input interface is connected to the inside of the light guide tube. The light outlet is an open port. This design, on the one hand, seals the light inlet end with the light-transmitting plate, effectively blocking the intrusion of external dust and processing debris, and preventing contamination of optical components; on the other hand, the cooling medium is injected obliquely from the near end and flows along the tube cavity to the light outlet, and is blown directionally towards the processing area on the side wall. This can not only remove the heat from the reflective lens and the tube wall in time, but also efficiently remove the molten material and dust generated by laser drilling, preventing them from accumulating around the air film holes or adhering to the light outlet end face, thereby significantly improving the processing quality and ensuring the long-term stability and reliability of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a processing device for film-forming holes in double-bladed blades according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a processing device for air film holes of double blades according to the present invention from another perspective.

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view at point AA.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the light guide tube in this invention.

[0036] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A structural diagram from another perspective.

[0037] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Sectional view at point BB.

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting bracket in this invention.

[0039] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same technical features, specifically:

[0040] 100. Double blades; 110. Narrow cavity; 111. Gap width; 120. Side wall area; 121. Air film aperture; 200. Laser; 300. Scanning galvanometer; 400. Light guide tube; 410. Light inlet; 411. Light transmission plate; 420. Light outlet; 430. Bending section; 431. First bending section; 432. Second bending section; 433. Third bending section; 440. Medium input interface; 500. Reflecting mirror; 510. First reflecting mirror; 520. Second reflecting mirror; 530. Third reflecting mirror; 600. Field lens; 700. Beam splitter; 710. Image acquisition device; 800. Mounting bracket; 810. First mounting structure; 811. First receiving cavity; 820. Second mounting structure; 830. Third mounting structure; 831. Second receiving cavity; 832. Support base; 900. Laser beam. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, which are described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0042] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0043] Furthermore, in this invention, descriptions involving terms such as "first," "second," and "a" are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0044] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0045] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but only if they are feasible for those skilled in the art. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0046] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, in this embodiment, a processing device for the air film aperture 121 of a double-bladed blade 100 is used to process the sidewall region 120 of the narrow cavity 110 formed between two adjacent blades, including:

[0047] Laser 200 is used to output a high-energy pulsed laser beam 900 to process air film holes 121 in sidewall region 120;

[0048] The scanning galvanometer 300 is positioned on the light output path of the laser 200 and is used to deflect the propagation direction of the laser beam 900.

[0049] The light guide tube 400 includes a light inlet 410 and a light outlet 420, and has at least one bend 430 located between the light inlet 410 and the light outlet 420. The portion of the light guide tube 400 that extends into the narrow cavity 110 has a projected length in the gap direction between two adjacent blades that is less than the gap width 111 between two adjacent blades.

[0050] At least one reflector 500 is fixed to the inner wall of the bend 430 for reflecting the laser beam 900 incident from the light inlet 410 and guiding it to the light outlet 420.

[0051] A field lens 600, positioned between the scanning galvanometer 300 and the light inlet 410, focuses the laser beam 900 deflected by the scanning galvanometer 300, forming a spot at the light inlet 410 with a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the light guide tube 400. This design allows high-energy pulsed lasers to be effectively guided into the side wall region 120 of the narrow cavity 110 through a rigid light guide structure without contacting adjacent blades. This avoids the defects of traditional flexible optical fibers, such as fragility under high power and inability to enter through direct light paths. At the same time, it ensures efficient transmission of laser energy without ablation of the inner wall of the light guide tube 400, significantly improving processing accessibility and system reliability.

[0052] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the double blade 100 consists of two adjacent blades arranged at a predetermined tilt angle, forming a narrow cavity 110 between them. The processing equipment is specifically designed to process the sidewall region 120 of the narrow cavity 110 between two adjacent blades.

[0053] Furthermore, the processing equipment includes a laser 200, a scanning galvanometer 300, a field lens 600, a light guide tube 400, a beam splitter 700, an image acquisition device 710, a mounting frame 800, a control system (not shown in the figure), and a worktable (not shown in the figure). The worktable serves as the supporting foundation of the entire processing system, used to stably support other components, and is equipped with a fixture (not shown in the figure) and a multi-axis driver (not shown in the figure). The fixture is used to precisely fix the double blades 100 to be processed, ensuring the high stability of the blade position during laser drilling; the multi-axis driver is used to adjust the position and orientation of the mounting frame 800, supporting linear movement in the X, Y, and Z axes and rotational movement around the Z axis, to adapt to the processing requirements of complex curved surface structures and realize the automated positioning of the air film holes 121 at different positions.

[0054] Furthermore, the laser 200 is fixedly mounted on the worktable and configured to output a high-energy pulsed laser beam 900 for precision machining of film gas holes 121 in the sidewall region 120 of the interference cavity of the double-bladed blade 100. To adapt to different power, wavelength, or maintenance requirements, the laser 200 can be a solid-state laser or a fiber laser.

[0055] Specifically, when a solid-state laser 200 is used, its output end is sequentially equipped with a beam expander and multiple reflectors. The normal directions of these reflectors are arranged parallel to the X-axis, Y-axis, or Z-axis, forming a directionally controllable folding optical path used for beam expansion, shaping, and path guidance of the laser beam 900. By rationally configuring the position and angle of each reflector, the mounting frame 800 can be translated or its attitude adjusted under the drive of a multi-axis driver, while the laser beam 900 maintains its predetermined propagation direction. After transmission through the beam splitter 700, it enters the scanning galvanometer 300, effectively avoiding energy loss, spot distortion, or focusing failure caused by optical path deviation.

[0056] When a fiber laser 200 is used, the laser beam is output via a transmission fiber, the fiber optic end of which is connected to a collimator fixed to the mounting bracket 800. This configuration ensures that the emitted laser beam, after collimation, forms a well-parallel beam and, with a stable divergence angle and incident direction, is transmitted through the beam splitter 700 before entering the scanning galvanometer 300. Therefore, even if the mounting bracket 800 moves or changes position during processing, the laser beam 900 can always enter the scanning galvanometer 300 at a suitable angle, thus guaranteeing optical path alignment accuracy and processing stability.

[0057] In this embodiment, the mounting bracket 800 is detachably mounted on the output end of the multi-axis driver and can adjust its own position and orientation through the multi-axis driver, thereby driving the scanning galvanometer 300, field lens 600 and light guide tube 400 to move synchronously as a whole, so that the axis of the light guide tube 400 is precisely aligned with the axis of the air film hole 121 to be processed, ensuring the positioning accuracy and process feasibility of subsequent laser processing.

[0058] Furthermore, the mounting frame 800 includes a first mounting structure 810, a second mounting structure 820, and a third mounting structure 830 that are interconnected. The first mounting structure 810 and the second mounting structure 820 are arranged vertically, and the first mounting structure 810 and the third mounting structure 830 are arranged horizontally. Specifically, the first mounting structure 810 is used to fix the scanning galvanometer 300 and the field lens 600, the second mounting structure 820 is used to fix the light guide tube 400, and the third mounting structure 830 is used to fix the beam splitter 700 and the image acquisition device 710.

[0059] Preferably, the first mounting structure 810 and the second mounting structure 820 are fixedly connected by welding to ensure that the relative positions of the scanning galvanometer 300, field lens 600, and light guide tube 400 remain highly stable during high-power laser processing, effectively suppressing optical axis offset caused by vibration or thermal deformation. The first mounting structure 810 and the third mounting structure 830 are detachably connected by fasteners (such as bolts or pins), facilitating independent maintenance or replacement of the beam splitter 700 and image acquisition device 710. Furthermore, both the first mounting structure 810 and the third mounting structure 830 are composed of multiple rectangular plates assembled in a detachable manner, balancing structural rigidity and assembly flexibility.

[0060] Furthermore, both the first mounting structure 810 and the third mounting structure 830 are hollow structures. Specifically, the first mounting structure 810 has a first receiving cavity 811 for mounting the scanning galvanometer 300 and the field lens 600. The first receiving cavity 811 has a first opening at the top, a second opening at the bottom, and a third opening on the side. The first opening is configured to allow the scanning galvanometer 300 and the field lens 600 to be inserted into the first receiving cavity 811 from top to bottom; the second opening is for the light-emitting end of the field lens 600 to pass through so that the laser beam 900 can enter the subsequent optical path; the third opening is located on the side wall of the first receiving cavity 811 and is used to establish an optical path connection with the third mounting structure 830.

[0061] The third mounting structure 830 has a second receiving cavity 831 for mounting the beam splitter 700 and the image acquisition device 710. The top of the second receiving cavity 831 has a fourth opening, and the two opposite sidewalls have a fifth and a sixth opening, respectively. The fourth opening allows the lens or sensor of the image acquisition device 710 to pass through to receive imaging light signals; the fifth opening is opposite to the third opening of the first mounting structure 810, allowing the light beam transmitted through the beam splitter 700 to be directed towards the scanning galvanometer 300 within the first mounting structure 810, or allowing the imaging light returning from the scanning galvanometer 300 to be directed towards the image acquisition device 710 via the beam splitter 700; the sixth opening faces the laser 200, allowing the laser beam 900 emitted by the laser 200 to be incident on the beam splitter 700.

[0062] The second mounting structure 820 is L-shaped and has a seventh opening. The central axis of the seventh opening coincides with the light output axis of the field lens 600. It is used to fix and install the light guide tube 400 so that the laser beam 900 can directly enter the light guide tube 400 after exiting the field lens 600, thus achieving efficient transmission.

[0063] In this embodiment, the scanning galvanometer 300 is disposed on the light output path of the laser 200 and is used to perform high-speed and precise deflection control on the propagation direction of the laser beam 900, thereby guiding the laser beam 900 to different target positions in the interference cavity sidewall region 120 of the double blade 100, so as to realize the fixed-point processing of the air film hole 121.

[0064] Compared to traditional solutions that require integrating a reflector, multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment bracket, and mounting base inside the light guide tube 400, this invention transfers the beam direction control function to an external scanning galvanometer 300. This allows the light path to be folded by simply installing a fixed miniature reflector inside the light guide tube 400. Consequently, the overall outer diameter of the light guide tube 400 can be reduced to less than 8 mm, thus meeting the narrow space assembly requirements of the double-blade 100's narrow cavity 110, which has a width on the order of 10 mm.

[0065] In this embodiment, the field lens 600 is located directly below the scanning galvanometer 300 and between the scanning galvanometer 300 and the light inlet 410 of the light guide tube 400. It is used to focus the laser beam 900 deflected by the scanning galvanometer 300 and to form a light spot at the light inlet 410 with a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the light guide tube 400.

[0066] Because the focused beam diverges gradually inside the light guide tube 400 due to its natural divergence, if the initial beam diameter is too large, it may touch the inner wall of the light guide tube 400 within a short distance, leading to energy loss, tube wall ablation, or even thermal damage to optical components. Therefore, by rationally designing the focal length and position of the field lens 600, the diameter of the focused beam entering the light guide tube 400 can be controlled to be below a certain proportion of the inner diameter of the light guide tube 400, ensuring the safe transmission of the laser beam 900 within the light guide tube 400.

[0067] Preferably, the diameter of the focused light spot at the light inlet 410 is less than 80% of the inner diameter of the light guide tube 400, more preferably 30% to 70%. Within this range, sufficient energy density can be ensured to meet processing requirements, while effectively avoiding contact between the edge of the light spot and the tube wall, significantly improving light guiding efficiency and the reliability of long-term system operation.

[0068] Furthermore, such as Figure 3As shown, the sum of the distance L1 between the field lens 600 and the light inlet 410 (starting segment), the length L2 of the transmission path of the laser beam 900 inside the light guide tube 400, and the distance L3 from the light outlet 420 to the side wall region 120 (ending segment) is equal to the working distance F of the field lens 600. That is, F = L1 + L2 + L3.

[0069] This design integrates the initial section, the internal section of the light guide tube 400, and the final section into the equivalent focusing optical path of the field lens 600, ensuring that the laser focus accurately falls on the processing position on the side wall. The initial section provides sufficient focusing space for the beam, preventing unconverged beams from entering the tube prematurely and rubbing against the inner wall. The final section ensures that the laser completes final convergence after exiting the tube, avoiding the focus from lingering near the light outlet 420. This not only maintains a small spot size and high energy density at the processing point, improving the forming quality of the air film hole 121 and effectively solving the problems of focus drift and drilling failure in long, multi-bend optical paths, but also fundamentally avoids the risk of thermal damage and ablation caused by the focus accidentally falling on the inner wall of the light guide tube 400, the reflector 500, or the light outlet end face, ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the equipment.

[0070] Furthermore, the scanning galvanometer 300 and the field lens 600 are detachably mounted sequentially from top to bottom within the first receiving cavity 811 of the first mounting structure 810. This design not only facilitates independent debugging, replacement, or maintenance but also ensures precise alignment of the two in the optical axis direction.

[0071] In this embodiment, the light guide tube 400 is a hollow tubular structure that is detachably mounted on the second mounting structure 820 and coaxially arranged with the seventh opening on the second mounting structure 820 to ensure that the laser beam 900 can enter the light guide tube 400 without deviation after exiting the field lens 600, thus ensuring optical path transmission efficiency and focusing accuracy.

[0072] Furthermore, the light guide tube 400 has a light inlet 410 and a light outlet 420 at its two ends, and at least one bend 430 is provided between the light inlet 410 and the light outlet 420. A reflective lens 500 is installed in the bend 430 to change the transmission direction of the laser beam 900, thereby guiding the laser along the desired path through the complex space.

[0073] Because the physical gap in the gap direction of the narrow cavity 110 between the double blades 100 is limited, in order to ensure that the light guide tube 400 can be inserted and stably positioned without interference, this embodiment limits the projected length of the light guide tube 400 segment extending into the narrow cavity 110 in the gap direction. That is, the projected length of the portion of the light guide tube 400 extending into the narrow cavity 110 in the gap direction between two adjacent blades is less than the gap width 111 between two adjacent blades. Thus, the portion of the light guide tube 400 extending into the narrow cavity 110 can be smoothly accommodated within the limited gap, while the remaining portion can be arranged outside the cavity, unrestricted by the space. This design effectively ensures the integrity and processing accessibility of the laser optical path while meeting the assembly requirements of the narrow interference cavity.

[0074] like Figure 3 As shown, the gap direction between two adjacent blades refers to the direction of the shortest distance between the sidewalls of the two blades, that is, the normal direction of the sidewalls of the two blades. This direction is perpendicular to the local surface of the sidewall of the blade and is the key spatial constraint direction that determines whether the light guide tube 400 can be successfully installed into the narrow cavity 110.

[0075] In this embodiment, at least one reflective lens 500 is provided inside the light guide tube 400. The reflective lens 500 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the bend 430 at a predetermined tilt angle, and is used to guide the laser beam 900 incident from the light inlet 410 to the light outlet 420 after one or more reflections.

[0076] Preferably, the light guide tube 400 includes a first bend 431, a second bend 432, and a third bend 433 arranged sequentially along its own axis, corresponding to three turning nodes in the transmission path of the laser beam 900. The reflector 500 includes a first reflector 510 fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the first bend 431, a second reflector 520 fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the second bend 432, and a third reflector 530 fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the third bend 433. The reflective surfaces of each reflector 500 are oriented and assembled according to the local optical path direction to ensure that the laser beam 900 achieves efficient and low-loss directional deflection as it passes through each bend 430 in sequence, and is finally collimated and output from the light outlet 420 to the processing area.

[0077] Preferably, such as Figure 3 As shown, the length L2 of the transmission path of the laser beam 900 within the light guide tube 400 is equal to the sum of the optical path distance L2.1 from the light inlet 410 to the first reflector, the optical path distance L2.2 from the first reflector to the second reflector, the optical path distance L2.3 from the second reflector to the third reflector, and the optical path distance L2.4 from the third reflector to the light outlet 420. That is, L2 = L2.1 + L2.2 + L2.3 + L2.4.

[0078] Furthermore, the inner angles of the first bending portion 431, the second bending portion 432, and the third bending portion 433 are all greater than 60° and less than 180°, in order to avoid the laser beam 900 having an excessively large incident angle during reflection due to an excessively small bending angle, which would cause energy loss or spot distortion, while ensuring that the reflecting mirror 500 has sufficient installation space and structural strength.

[0079] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the light guide tube 400 is greater than or equal to 3 mm and less than the gap width 111 between two adjacent blades. This size range ensures that the laser beam 900 has a reasonable light-passing aperture when it is transmitted inside the tube, avoiding excessive diffraction effects, and also ensures that the light guide tube 400 as a whole can be smoothly inserted into the narrow cavity 110 formed by the double blades 100, meeting the assembly and processing requirements in a confined space.

[0080] In this embodiment, the light inlet 410 of the light guide tube 400 is provided with a light-transmitting plate 411 for sealing the light inlet end; the outer wall of the light guide tube 400 is provided with a medium input interface 440 for connecting the cooling medium. The medium input interface 440 is located between the light inlet 410 and the reflective mirror 500 near the light inlet 410, and the medium input interface 440 is connected to the interior of the light guide tube 400. The light outlet 420 is an open port that faces directly toward the side wall area 120 of the double blade 100 after installation. This design, on the one hand, seals the light inlet end with the light-transmitting plate 411, effectively blocking external dust and processing debris from intruding and preventing contamination of optical components; on the other hand, the cooling medium is injected obliquely from the near end and flows along the tube cavity to the light outlet 420, and is blown directionally towards the side wall processing area. This not only removes the heat from the reflector 500 and the tube wall in a timely manner, but also efficiently removes the molten material and dust generated by laser drilling, preventing them from accumulating around the air film hole 121 or adhering to the light outlet end face, thereby significantly improving the processing quality and ensuring the long-term stability and reliability of the equipment.

[0081] Furthermore, the axis of the medium input interface 440 has an angle greater than 10° and less than or equal to 90° with the axis of the light guide tube 400. Preferably, this angle is 30° to 75°. This design allows the cooling medium to be injected into the inner cavity of the light guide tube 400 at an angle, which retains sufficient axial velocity component to drive the airflow toward the light outlet 420, and introduces radial disturbance to cause the airflow to form an eccentric jet or spiral flow inside the tube, thereby enhancing the scouring and cooling effect on the back of the reflector 500 and the tube wall, and efficiently carrying away molten material and dust, preventing them from depositing on the optical surface or around the film aperture 121.

[0082] Preferably, the light-transmitting plate 411 is a planar parallel optical element made of fused silica or sapphire, with no reflective or antireflective coating on its surface. It is used only to transmit laser light with high transmittance and to seal the light inlet 410 of the light guide tube 400. The light-transmitting plate 411 does not have reflection, focusing, or beam shaping functions, ensuring that the incident laser beam 900 is not interfered with, while effectively blocking the intrusion of external contaminants.

[0083] Preferably, the cooling medium is compressed air or an inert gas (such as nitrogen or argon). Using an inert gas can further suppress oxidation reactions in the machining area, making it suitable for machining high-temperature alloy film holes 121 where stringent surface quality requirements are imposed. Compressed air, on the other hand, is inexpensive and readily available, suitable for conventional operating conditions. Both methods provide cooling while achieving efficient chip removal.

[0084] In this embodiment, the beam splitter 700 is disposed in the optical path between the laser 200 and the scanning galvanometer 300, and the image acquisition device 710 is located in the reflected optical path of the beam splitter 700. When the control system controls the scanning galvanometer 300 to maintain a fixed deflection angle, the image acquisition device 710 can receive the visible light reflected by the beam splitter 700 after returning from the sidewall region 120 and passing through the light guide tube 400, field lens 600 and scanning galvanometer 300 in sequence, so as to acquire the image of the sidewall region 120, thereby realizing real-time imaging and positioning of the sidewall region 120 of the narrow cavity 110 of the double blade 100. This design makes the processing optical path and the visual inspection optical path highly coincident, significantly improving the field of view alignment accuracy and spatial resolution of image acquisition, and effectively supporting the precise positioning of the air film aperture 121.

[0085] Furthermore, the image acquisition device 710 and the beam splitter 700 are detachably mounted on the third mounting structure 830 from top to bottom. The image acquisition device 710 is detachably inserted into the fourth opening of the third mounting structure 830 and is located directly above the beam splitter 700. The beam splitter 700 is detachably fixed inside the third mounting structure 830 at a predetermined tilt angle (e.g., 45°) via a support base 832, with its reflective surface facing the image acquisition device 710 and its transmission surface facing the scanning galvanometer 300, ensuring that the main laser beam 900 passes through efficiently while reflecting the returned visible light back to the image acquisition device 710.

[0086] In addition, the detachable design facilitates the independent replacement, cleaning, or calibration of the image acquisition device 710 or the beam splitter 700, while ensuring precise alignment of the two in the optical axis direction, thus improving system maintenance efficiency and long-term operational stability.

[0087] Furthermore, the image acquisition device 710 can be an industrial camera, a CMOS image sensor, a smart camera, or other optoelectronic imaging device capable of acquiring visible light images.

[0088] In this embodiment, the control system is used to coordinate the operation of the laser 200, scanning galvanometer 300, image acquisition device 710, multi-axis driver and cooling medium supply device; it can perform processing path planning, visual positioning, coordinate correction, laser triggering and motion synchronization control of the air film hole 121, and realize the fully automated operation from automatic alignment to high-precision drilling.

[0089] This embodiment also provides a processing method for a processing device for the air film holes 121 of the double blade 100, including the following steps:

[0090] S1. Fix the double blade 100 to the worktable using a clamp, and rotate the clamp to position the double blade 100 in the processing position; that is, make the side wall area 120 of the narrow cavity 110 to be processed face the processing optical path to ensure that the side wall area 120 to be processed is in the operable position.

[0091] S2. Select a light guide tube 400 of the corresponding specification according to the gap width 111 between two adjacent blades, so that the portion of the light guide tube 400 extending into the narrow cavity 110 has a projection length in the gap direction between two adjacent blades that is less than the gap width 111 between two adjacent blades, thereby achieving local interference-free insertion of the light guide tube 400.

[0092] S3. Based on the working distance of the field lens 600, the length of the transmission path of the laser beam 900 in the light guide tube 400, and the distance from the light outlet 420 of the light guide tube 400 to the side wall area 120 to be processed, adjust the distance between the field lens 600 and the light inlet 410 of the light guide tube 400, and make the sum of the distance between the field lens 600 and the light inlet 410, the length of the transmission path of the laser beam 900 in the light guide tube 400, and the distance from the light outlet 420 to the side wall area 120 equal to the working distance of the field lens 600, thereby ensuring that the laser focus is accurately placed at the designed position of the air film hole 121.

[0093] S4. The control system turns on the visible light illumination source and controls the image acquisition device 710 to acquire and position the image of the side wall area 120 to be processed. Then, the multi-axis driver is controlled to adjust the position and orientation of the scanning galvanometer 300, the field lens 600 and the light guide tube 400 as a whole, so that the axis of the light guide tube 400 is aligned with the axis of the air film hole 121 to be processed.

[0094] S5. Connect the medium supply device to the medium input interface 440 on the light guide tube 400, introduce cooling medium into the light guide tube 400, and blow the cooling medium through the light guide tube 400 to the side wall area 120 to achieve cooling and chip removal.

[0095] S6. After positioning is completed, the control system turns off the visible light illumination source, starts the laser 200 and scanning galvanometer 300, so that the scanning galvanometer 300 controls the laser beam 900 to perform layer processing according to the preset single-hole three-dimensional scanning path, and at the same time controls the multi-axis driver to drive the scanning galvanometer 300, field lens 600 and light guide tube 400 to feed layer by layer to complete the processing of air film hole 121.

[0096] S7. After a single air film hole 121 is processed, turn off the laser 200 and the medium supply device. If there is another air film hole 121 to be processed, determine whether the light guide tube 400 needs to be replaced according to its position. If it needs to be replaced, return to step S2. If it does not need to be replaced, return to step S4 until all air film holes 121 are processed.

[0097] The control system activates the visible light source and controls the image acquisition device 710 to acquire and locate images of the sidewall area 120 to be processed. Specifically, this includes the following steps:

[0098] S4.1 Control the scanning galvanometer 300 to deflect to a preset angle corresponding to the position of the target air film hole 121, and lock it in this posture so that the subsequent beam can be transmitted along the path pointing to the processing point;

[0099] S4.2. Activate a low-power visible light illumination source (the visible light illumination source is integrated inside the laser 200 or an external LED light source is used). The emitted visible light is reflected by the scanning galvanometer 300 and passes through the field lens 600 and the light guide tube 400 in sequence, and then illuminates the side wall area 120 of the narrow cavity 110 of the double blade 100 to be processed.

[0100] S4.3 The visible light reflected or scattered by the sidewall region 120 returns in reverse along the original optical path, passes through the light guide tube 400, the field lens 600 and the scanning galvanometer 300 in sequence, and finally enters the beam splitter 700; the beam splitter 700 reflects the visible light to the image acquisition device 710, thereby forming a real-time optical image of the sidewall region 120 in the image acquisition device 710;

[0101] S4.4 The image acquisition device 710 calculates the deviation between the actual processing position and the theoretical coordinates based on the preset positioning marks, edge contours or surface features of the image recognition, and feeds back the corrected drilling coordinates to the control system to complete the positioning.

Claims

1. A processing device for film vents in double-bladed blades, used for processing the sidewall region of a narrow cavity formed between two adjacent blades, characterized in that, include: A laser for outputting a high-energy pulsed laser beam to process film holes in the sidewall region; A scanning galvanometer is positioned on the light output path of the laser to deflect the propagation direction of the laser beam. A light guide tube includes a light inlet and a light outlet, and has at least one bend located between the light inlet and the light outlet, and the portion of the light guide tube extending into the narrow cavity has a projected length in the gap direction between two adjacent blades that is smaller than the gap width between two adjacent blades. At least one reflector lens is fixed to the inner wall of the bend and is used to reflect and guide the laser beam incident from the light inlet to the light outlet. A field lens is disposed between the scanning galvanometer and the light inlet, and is used to focus the laser beam deflected by the scanning galvanometer and make it form a light spot at the light inlet with a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the light guide tube. The sum of the distance between the field lens and the light inlet, the length of the laser beam transmission path in the light guide tube, and the distance from the light outlet to the side wall region is equal to the working distance of the field lens.

2. The processing equipment for film venting of double-bladed blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light inlet is provided with a light-transmitting plate, and the outer wall of the light guide tube is provided with a medium input interface for connecting the cooling medium. The medium input interface is located between the light inlet and the reflective lens near the light inlet, and the medium input interface is connected to the inside of the light guide tube. The light outlet is an open port.

3. The processing equipment for film venting of double-bladed blades according to claim 2, characterized in that, The axis of the medium input interface has an angle greater than 10° and less than or equal to 90° with the axis of the light guide tube.

4. The processing equipment for film venting of double-bladed blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light guide tube includes a first bend, a second bend, and a third bend arranged sequentially along its own axis. The reflective lens includes a first reflective lens fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the first bend, a second reflective lens fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the second bend, and a third reflective lens fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the third bend.

5. The processing equipment for film venting of double-bladed blades according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner angles of the first bend, the second bend, and the third bend are all greater than 60° and less than 180°, and the inner diameter of the light guide tube is greater than or equal to 3 mm and less than the gap width.

6. The processing equipment for film venting of double-bladed blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a beam splitter and an image acquisition device. The beam splitter is located in the optical path between the laser and the scanning galvanometer, and the image acquisition device is located in the reflected optical path of the beam splitter. When the control system controls the scanning galvanometer to maintain a fixed deflection angle, the image acquisition device can receive visible light that returns from the side wall region and passes through the light guide tube, field lens and scanning galvanometer in sequence, and is reflected by the beam splitter to acquire an image of the side wall region.

7. The processing equipment for film venting of double-bladed blades according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a mounting frame, which comprises a first mounting structure, a second mounting structure, and a third mounting structure that are interconnected; the scanning galvanometer and the field lens are detachably mounted on the first mounting structure, the light guide tube is detachably mounted on the second mounting structure, and the beam splitter and the image acquisition device are detachably mounted on the third mounting structure.

8. The processing equipment for film venting of double-bladed blades according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a worktable, on which a clamp for holding the double blades and a multi-axis driver are provided. The mounting bracket is detachably mounted on the output end of the multi-axis driver, and the position and attitude of the mounting bracket can be adjusted by the multi-axis driver.

9. A processing method for a processing device for film vents in double-bladed blades, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Use a fixture to fix the double blades on the worktable, and rotate the fixture to position the double blades in the processing position; S2. Select a light guide tube of the corresponding specification according to the gap width between two adjacent blades, so that the projection length of the part of the light guide tube that extends into the narrow cavity in the gap direction between two adjacent blades is less than the gap width between two adjacent blades. S3. Based on the working distance of the field lens, the length of the laser beam transmission path in the light guide tube, and the distance from the light outlet of the light guide tube to the side wall area to be processed, adjust the distance between the field lens and the light inlet of the light guide tube, and make the sum of the distance between the field lens and the light inlet, the length of the laser beam transmission path in the light guide tube, and the distance from the light outlet to the side wall area equal to the working distance of the field lens. S4. The control system turns on the visible light illumination source and controls the image acquisition device to acquire and position the image of the side wall area to be processed. Then, it controls the multi-axis driver to adjust the position and orientation of the scanning galvanometer, field lens and light guide tube so that the axis of the light guide tube is aligned with the axis of the air film hole to be processed. S5. Connect the medium supply device to the medium input interface on the light guide tube, introduce cooling medium into the light guide tube, and blow the cooling medium through the light guide tube to the side wall area. S6. After positioning is completed, the control system turns off the visible light source, starts the laser and scanning galvanometer, and makes the scanning galvanometer control the laser beam to perform layer-by-layer processing according to the preset single-hole three-dimensional scanning path. At the same time, it controls the multi-axis driver to drive the scanning galvanometer, field lens and light guide tube to feed layer by layer to complete the air film hole processing. S7. After a single air film hole is processed, turn off the laser and the medium supply device. If there is another air film hole to be processed, determine whether the light guide tube needs to be replaced based on its position. If it needs to be replaced, return to step S2. If it does not need to be replaced, return to step S4 until all air film holes are processed.

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