Method and apparatus for communication fallback

Abstract

Methods, apparatuses, and systems for communication are disclosed. One of the methods includes determining whether a backoff of a node from a second frequency range communication to a first frequency range communication is required, where the first frequency range is different from the second frequency range, and where the method further includes at least one of: in response to determining that backoff is not required, determining that backoff is not required; transmitting data from the node using the second frequency range communication; or in response to determining that fallback is required, performing fallback from the second frequency range communication to the first frequency range communication, and transmitting a simplified version of the data from the node using the first frequency range communication.

Description

Cross-referencing of related patent applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 518,277, filed August 8, 2023, entitled “METHODS AND APPARATUS FORCOMMUNICATION FALLBACK”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The apparatuses and methods consistent with this disclosure generally relate to communications, and more specifically, to methods, systems and devices for communication rollback. Background Technology

[0003] Communication (e.g., sidelink communication between two nodes) can use lower frequency bands (e.g., 5.9 GHz or lower) or higher frequency bands (e.g., millimeter wave bands). Using higher frequency bands allows for higher data rates and / or larger data sizes than lower frequency bands. However, communication using higher frequency bands also presents problems, such as higher path loss due to higher attenuation and lower coverage. Beam management, including beamforming, can mitigate these problems in high-frequency communication. However, the introduction of beam management may introduce additional sources of error, making beam failure possible and communication continuity potentially lost. Systems and methods that can ensure communication continuity are desired. Summary of the Invention

[0004] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a method for communication is provided. The method includes: determining whether a node needs a fallback from communication in a second frequency range to communication in a first frequency range, wherein the first frequency range is different from the second frequency range, and wherein the method further includes at least one of: in response to determining that a fallback is not needed, using communication in the second frequency range to transmit data from the node; or in response to determining that a fallback is needed, performing a fallback from communication in the second frequency range to communication in the first frequency range, and a simplified version using communication in the first frequency range to transmit data from the node.

[0005] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a node for communication is provided. The node includes: a memory storing instructions; and a processor configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to: determine whether the node needs a fallback from communication in a second frequency range to communication in a first frequency range, wherein the first frequency range is different from the second frequency range, and wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to perform at least one of the following: in response to determining that a fallback is not needed, using communication in the second frequency range to transfer data from the node; or in response to determining that a fallback is needed, performing a simplified version of a fallback from communication in the second frequency range to communication in the first frequency range and using communication in the first frequency range to transfer data from the node.

[0006] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is provided that stores instructions executable by one or more processors of a node for communication to perform a method. The method includes: determining whether the node needs a fallback from communication in a second frequency range to communication in a first frequency range, wherein the first frequency range is different from the second frequency range; and wherein the method further includes at least one of: in response to determining that a fallback is not needed, using communication in the second frequency range to transmit data from the node; or in response to determining that a fallback is needed, performing a fallback from communication in the second frequency range to communication in the first frequency range, and a simplified version using communication in the first frequency range to transmit data from the node. Attached Figure Description

[0007] [ Figure 1 ] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a sidelink communication system consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure. [ Figure 2 ] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for communication consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. [ Figure 3 ] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of a node used for communication, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0008] Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The following description refers to the accompanying drawings, in which, unless otherwise stated, the same reference numerals in different figures denote the same or similar elements. The implementations set forth in the following description of the exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with this disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of systems, apparatuses, and methods consistent with aspects related to this disclosure as set forth in the appended claims.

[0009] In this disclosure, the term "node" is used as a general term, including but not limited to user equipment (UE), relay nodes, vehicle modules, and network infrastructure nodes such as base stations (such as evolved NodeBs or gNBs), roadside units, repeaters, transponders, wireless routers, controllers, access points, and their subsystems. In this disclosure, the terms "radio system" and "radio interface" are used as general terms, encompassing both terrestrial and satellite systems. While some examples in this disclosure relate to 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 5G technologies, other radio access technologies may also utilize the inventions of this disclosure, such as 3GPP 4G technologies known as Long Term Evolution (LTE) or future 3GPP radio technology generations such as 6G or 7G. While some examples in this disclosure relate to 3GPP technologies, the inventions of this disclosure may be used with non-3GPP technologies, such as, but not limited to, IEEE and its 802.11 variants, Wi-Fi, or WiMAX.

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a side-link communication system consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. See also Figure 1 The sidelink communication system 100 includes UE 102 and UE 104 that communicate directly with each other. For example, UE 102 and UE 104 can be wireless devices. UE 102 can be a transmitter (Tx) UE configured or programmed to transmit signals or data to UE 104. UE 104 can be a receiver (Rx) UE configured or programmed to receive signals or data transmitted from UE 102. The sidelink communication technology allows UE 102 to communicate directly with UE 104 and one or more other UEs. For simplicity, Figure 1 UE 102 is shown communicating with only one UE (UE 104). Direct communication between UE 102 and UE 104 can occur within the coverage area of ​​the cellular network, outside the coverage area of ​​the cellular network, or within the partial coverage area of ​​the cellular network where only one of the two UEs (UE 102 and UE 104) is within the coverage area of ​​the cellular network. The radio interface between UE 102 and UE 104 can be represented as a PC5 interface.

[0011] UE 102 and UE 104 can communicate with each other using lower frequency bands, such as frequency range 1 (FR1). In this disclosure, FR1 is defined as a frequency range from 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz (including the sub-6 GHz spectrum). UE 102 and UE 104 can also communicate using higher frequency bands, such as FR2. In this disclosure, FR2 is defined as two frequency sub-ranges: FR2-1 from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz, and FR2-2 from 52.6 GHz to 71 GHz (including the millimeter wave spectrum). While FR2 communication allows for higher data rates and / or larger data sizes compared to FR1 communication, FR2 communication also has its own problems. For example, FR2 communication typically has higher path loss and lower range (coverage) compared to FR1 communication due to higher attenuation. This is especially true when there are objects (e.g., vehicles, especially large vehicles such as trucks and buses), buildings, in the signal transmission path, where FR2 will be more congested than FR1.

[0012] The aforementioned drawbacks of FR2 communication can be mitigated through beam management, including beamforming using narrow beams and / or directional antennas. However, the introduction of beam management in sidelink FR2 compared to sidelink FR1 may also introduce additional error sources in sidelink communication between the two UEs, potentially leading to beam failure. When the distance between UE102 and UE104 becomes critical and / or the aforementioned FR2-specific problems occur, UE102 and UE104 may no longer be able to communicate with each other, and communication continuity may be lost.

[0013] At least some embodiments of this disclosure address the aforementioned problems in FR2 communication by providing methods for switching from sidelink FR2 to sidelink FR1 to maintain communication continuity. For example, one or more embodiments of this disclosure provide methods in which a simplified version of the data is transmitted using sidelink FR1 if sidelink FR2 transmission fails and / or if the sidelink FR2 connection quality is poor. In this way, communication continuity is ensured.

[0014] Although the methods and systems of this disclosure are illustrated using side-link FR2 communication, the scope of this disclosure is not limited thereto. The methods disclosed herein can be applied to any wireless communication, including device-to-network communication and / or satellite communication, as well as switching between any two frequency bands.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for communication consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. See also... Figure 2Method 200 can be performed by a node in the communication. The node may include at least one of the following: at least one UE, at least one relay node, at least one vehicle-mounted module, at least one base station, at least one roadside unit, at least one repeater, at least one transponder, at least one wireless router, at least one controller, or at least one access point. In some embodiments, the node may be a Tx UE for sidelink communication, such as... Figure 1 UE 102.

[0016] Method 200 includes: step 202, determining whether a node needs a fallback from a second frequency range communication to a first frequency range communication, wherein the first frequency range is different from the second frequency range. In some embodiments, each of the first frequency range communication and the second frequency range communication may be a corresponding sidelink communication. In some embodiments, the first frequency range communication may include one or more frequency bands in the range of 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz, and the second frequency range communication may include one or more frequency bands in the range of 24.25 GHz to 71 GHz. For example, the first frequency range communication may be sidelink FR1 communication, and the second frequency range communication may be sidelink FR2 communication.

[0017] In some embodiments, a node determines whether it needs to fall back from communicating in a second frequency range to communicating in a first frequency range. For example, a node may determine whether it needs to fall back from communicating in a second frequency range to communicating in a first frequency range by at least one of the following: physical layer, medium access control (MAC) layer, radio resource control (RRC) layer, or application layer.

[0018] In some embodiments, another node (any node other than the node mentioned above) may determine whether the node needs a fallback from communication in the second frequency range to communication in the first frequency range, and may send the determination result to the node mentioned above. This other node may include at least one of the following: at least one UE, at least one relay node, at least one vehicle-mounted module, at least one base station, at least one roadside unit, at least one repeater, at least one transponder, at least one wireless router, at least one controller, or at least one access point. For example, the other node may be an Rx UE for sidelink communication, such as... Figure 1 UE 104.

[0019] In some embodiments, a node (or another node) may determine whether it needs to back off from communication in the second frequency range to communication in the first frequency range based on at least one of the following: detection of a beam failure associated with the node; beam failure recovery operation associated with the node; a change in the angle of at least one beam associated with the node greater than a predetermined threshold angle; a change in the absolute position of the node, a change in the velocity of the node, a change in the acceleration of the node, or a change in the heading of the node greater than a corresponding first threshold; a change in the relative position of the node, a change in the relative velocity of the node, a change in the relative acceleration of the node, or a change in the relative heading of the node greater than a corresponding second threshold; at least one Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurement less than a predetermined threshold; at least one sidelink RSRP measurement less than a predetermined threshold; and a Channel Busy Ratio (Channel...). The BusyRatio (CBR) threshold is reached when a node receives or experiences a certain number of consecutive asynchronous indications exceeding a predetermined threshold. The MAC layer instructs the physical layer to generate a negative acknowledgment for the data. The physical layer then sends a negative acknowledgment to the MAC layer. The MAC layer instructs the physical layer to generate a negative acknowledgment corresponding to transmissions on one or more specific channels. This includes detection of radio link failures, reception or transmission of MAC layer negative acknowledgments to the corresponding sidelink Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) entity, reception or transmission of positive acknowledgments for MAC Packet Data Unit (PDU) transmissions, and failure to receive or transmit positive acknowledgments. The MAC layer HARQ buffer is refreshed if it is not refreshed. The transmission or reception of a PDU is affected by the following: MAC layer negative acknowledgment; the number of HARQ retransmissions reaches a predetermined threshold; MAC layer Listen-Before-Talk (LBT) failure indication; MAC layer uplink LBT failure indication; MAC layer not instructing the physical layer to generate a positive acknowledgment for the data; physical layer not generating a positive acknowledgment for the data to the MAC layer; physical random access procedure not completed; HARQ acknowledgment not evaluated or reported at the physical layer; or the priority associated with the data to be transmitted.

[0020] In some embodiments, a node (or another node) may determine, within a predetermined duration, whether it needs to back off from communication in a second frequency range to communication in a first frequency range. This may utilize one or more thresholds regarding one or more event types and / or the number of events occurring (once or multiple times): when such thresholds are reached or exceeded, the node (or another node) may determine that backoff is necessary. Alternatively or additionally, the sum of different event types and / or event occurrences may be used to evaluate such one or more thresholds, for example, by assigning different weights to the various event types and / or event occurrences.

[0021] In some embodiments, the failures described in this disclosure may be predicted failures rather than detected failures. For example, a radio link failure used to determine whether a node needs a fallback from communication in a second frequency range to communication in a first frequency range may be a predicted radio link failure, which is predicted before the actual failure occurs. In some embodiments, radio link failures may include HARQ-based sidelink radio link failures. In some embodiments, the radio link failures described in this disclosure include beam failures.

[0022] In some embodiments, the priority associated with data can be a conditional priority determined by the node's MAC layer. For example, if one or more resources associated with one or more logical channels having a higher priority are transmitted, then one or more resources associated with one or more logical channels having a lower priority are not transmitted. Conversely, if one or more resources associated with one or more logical channels having a higher priority are not transmitted, then one or more resources associated with one or more logical channels having a lower priority are transmitted.

[0023] Method 200 includes: step 204, in response to determining that no backoff is needed, transmitting data from the node using second frequency range communication. For example, in Figure 1 If UE 102 determines that no fallback is required, UE 102 can use FR2 communication to transmit data. This data can be any data.

[0024] Method 200 includes: step 206, in response to determining that a fallback is needed, performing a fallback from second frequency range communication to first frequency range communication, and using a simplified version of the first frequency range communication to transmit data from the node. For example, performing the fallback may include determining the frequency band of the transmission beam within the first frequency range and configuring an antenna (e.g., an omnidirectional antenna) suitable for the first frequency range communication. In some embodiments, performing the fallback may further include sending an indication to the receiving node to switch from second frequency range communication to first frequency range communication, such that the receiving node can adjust the receiving beam accordingly.

[0025] In some embodiments, the original data may be associated with a higher conditional priority, while a simplified version of the data may be associated with data having a lower conditional priority. The simplified version of the data may be alternative data that provides less detail to the user and requires less data or a lower data rate than the original data. The simplified version of the data may include at least one of the following: a compressed version of the data, one or more images with a higher compression ratio than the original data, a portion of the data without another portion of the original data, a portion of the data that lacks security-related information or has less security-related information than the original data, or a number of images per second less than the number of images per second of the original data. For example, in video data transmission applications, when a node determines that the FR2 connection quality is poor, the node may transmit only a simplified version of the data as a standalone "I" frame with a static scene on FR1, instead of transmitting data that would include "P" frames and "B" frames with a dynamic scene. The node may also transmit a simplified version of the data that has been processed to reduce the overhead of the ciphertext size required for encryption. For example, the node may use symmetric encryption instead of asymmetric encryption to encrypt the data, thereby significantly reducing the ciphertext size.

[0026] In some embodiments, method 200 includes performing each of steps 202, 204, and 206. In other embodiments, method 200 includes performing each of steps 202 and 204 without performing step 206. In other embodiments, method 200 includes performing each of steps 202 and 206 while performing step 204.

[0027] In some embodiments, after performing step 206, method 200 may further include the following steps ( Figure 2 (Not shown in the image): Determine whether a fallback from the first frequency range communication to the second frequency range communication is ready. For example, a node (or another node) may determine the link quality or beam quality of the second frequency range communication to determine whether to switch back to the second frequency range communication to ensure higher data rates and / or data sizes.

[0028] A simplified version of switching from FR2 communication to FR1 communication and transmitting data when FR2 failure is predicted or detected ensures the continuity of ongoing communication and improves the awareness of the receiving node, as the service is not interrupted due to FR2 communication failure.

[0029] Figure 3This is a block diagram of node 300 consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. Node 300 can be installed in a mobile vehicle or in a fixed location. Node 300 can take any form, including but not limited to, UE, relay node, vehicle, components installed in a vehicle (e.g., on-board module), roadside unit, repeater, transponder, controller, access point, laptop computer, wireless terminal including mobile phone, wireless handheld device, wireless personal device, wireless router, and / or any other form. Node 300 can be a Tx node in communication, such as... Figure 1 UE 102 in the context, or it could be an Rx node in the communication, such as... Figure 1 UE 104 in the middle.

[0030] See Figure 3 Node 300 may include antenna 302, which can be used to transmit electromagnetic signals to or from a base station or other node. Antenna 302 may include one or more antenna elements and may enable different input / output antenna configurations, such as Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), Multiple Input Single Output (MISO), and Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO). In some embodiments, antenna 302 may include multiple (e.g., dozens or hundreds) antenna elements and may enable multi-antenna functions such as beamforming. In some embodiments, antenna 302 is a single antenna. Antenna 302 may include one or more FR1 antennas and / or one or more FR2 antennas.

[0031] Node 300 may include a transceiver 304 coupled to antenna 302. Transceiver 304 may be a wireless transceiver at node 300 and may communicate bidirectionally with a base station or other nodes. For example, transceiver 304 may receive / transmit wireless signals from / to a base station via downlink / uplink communication. Transceiver 304 may also receive / transmit wireless signals from / to other nodes (e.g., UEs or roadside units) via sidelink communication. Transceiver 304 may include a modem for modulating packets and providing the modulated packets to antenna 302 for transmission, and for demodulating packets received from antenna 302.

[0032] Node 300 may include memory 306. Memory 306 may be any type of computer-readable storage medium, including volatile or non-volatile memory devices, or combinations thereof. Computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, non-transitory computer storage media. Non-transitory storage media can be accessed by general-purpose or special-purpose computers. Examples of non-transitory storage media include, but are not limited to, portable computer floppy disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), digital versatile disk (DVD), flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, etc. Non-transitory media can be used to carry or store desired program code means (e.g., instructions and / or data structures) and can be accessed by general-purpose or special-purpose computers, or general-purpose or special-purpose processors. In some examples, software / program code may be transmitted from a remote source (e.g., a website, server, etc.) using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave. In such examples, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are within the scope of the defined medium. Combinations of the above examples are also within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0033] Memory 306 may store information related to the identification of node 300 and signals and / or data received by antenna 302. Memory 306 may also store post-processed signals and / or data. Memory 306 may also store computer-readable program instructions, mathematical models, and algorithms used in signal processing in receiver 304 and calculations in processor 308. Memory 306 may also store computer-readable program instructions for execution by processor 308 to operate node 300 to perform the various functions described in this disclosure. In some examples, memory 306 may include a Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) that controls basic hardware or software operation, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0034] The computer-readable program instructions disclosed herein may be assembly instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state setting data, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages ​​(including object-oriented programming languages ​​and traditional procedural programming languages). The computer-readable program instructions may execute entirely on a computing device as a standalone software package, or may execute partly on a first computing device and partly on a second computing device located remotely from the first computing device. In the latter scenario, the remote second computing device may be connected to the first computing device via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN).

[0035] Node 300 may include processor 308, which may include hardware devices with processing capabilities. Processor 308 may include at least one of a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or other programmable logic devices. Examples of general-purpose processors include, but are not limited to, microprocessors, any conventional processor, controllers, microcontrollers, or state machines. In some embodiments, processor 308 may be implemented using a combination of devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration). Processor 308 may receive downlink or sidelink signals from transceiver 304 and further process the signals. Processor 308 may also receive data packets from transceiver 304 and further process these packets. In some embodiments, processor 308 may be configured to use a memory controller to operate memory. In some embodiments, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 308. Processor 308 can be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., memory 306) to cause node 300 to perform various functions.

[0036] Node 300 may include a Global Positioning System (GPS) 310. GPS 310 may be used to enable location-based services or other services based on the geographic location of node 300, and / or synchronization between nodes. GPS 310 may receive Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals from a single or multiple satellites via antenna 302 and provide the geographic location of node 300 (e.g., the coordinates of node 300). In some embodiments, GPS 310 is omitted. In some embodiments, a timer is included.

[0037] UE 300 may include an input / output (I / O) device 312, which can be used to communicate the results of signal processing and computation to a user or other devices. The I / O device 312 may include a user interface, including a display and input devices, for transmitting user commands to the processor 308. The display may be configured to display the status of signal reception at node 300, data stored in memory 306, the status of signal processing, and the results of computation, etc. The display may include, but is not limited to, a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light-emitting diode (LED), a plasma gas display, a touchscreen, or other image projection devices for displaying information to the user. The input device may be any type of computer hardware device for receiving data and control signals from the user. The input device may include, but is not limited to, a keyboard, mouse, scanner, digital camera, joystick, trackball, cursor arrow keys, touchscreen monitor, or audio / video command device, etc.

[0038] Node 300 may also include machine interface 314, such as an electrical bus connecting transceiver 304, memory 306, processor 308, GPS 310 and I / O device 312.

[0039] In some embodiments, node 300 may be a Tx node (e.g., a Tx UE for sidelink communication) configured or programmed to: determine whether the node needs a fallback from a second frequency range communication to a first frequency range communication, wherein the first frequency range is different from the second frequency range, and wherein node 300 is further configured or programmed to: in response to determining that a fallback is not needed, use the second frequency range communication to transmit data from the node; or in response to determining that a fallback is needed, perform a fallback from the second frequency range communication to the first frequency range communication and a simplified version of using the first frequency range communication to transmit data from the node.

[0040] As used in this disclosure, the use of the term "or" in a list of items indicates a comprehensive list. A list of items may be prefixed with phrases such as "at least one" or "one or more." For example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C includes A or B or C or AB (i.e., A and B) or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Furthermore, as used in this disclosure, a list of conditions prefixed with the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as "based only on" the set of conditions, but rather as "at least partially based on" the set of conditions. For example, a result described as "based on condition A" may be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0041] In this specification, the terms "comprising," "containing," or "including" are used interchangeably and have the same meaning, and are interpreted as inclusive and open-ended. The terms "comprising," "containing," or "including" may precede a list of elements and indicate that at least all listed elements are present, but other elements not listed may also be present. For example, if A includes B and C, then {B, C} and {B, C, D} are both within the scope of A.

[0042] With reference to the accompanying drawings, this disclosure describes example configurations that do not represent all possible examples or all configurations within the scope of this disclosure. The term "exemplary" should not be construed as "preferred" or "advantageous compared to other examples," but rather as "illustration, instance, or example." By reading this disclosure, including the description of embodiments and accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will understand that alternative embodiments can be used to implement the techniques disclosed herein. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described herein or certain features of the embodiments can be combined to obtain other embodiments for practicing the techniques described in this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0043] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the figures illustrate examples of the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and apparatuses according to various embodiments. It should be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the boxes may occur outside the order in which they are marked in the figures. For example, depending on the functions involved, two boxes shown consecutively may actually be executed substantially simultaneously, or these boxes may sometimes be executed in reverse order. Similarly, in methods consistent with the various embodiments, such methods may include additional steps, and certain steps may be omitted or combined.

[0044] It should be understood that the described embodiments are not mutually exclusive. Elements, components, materials or steps described in conjunction with an exemplary embodiment may be combined with or eliminated from other embodiments in a suitable manner to achieve the desired design purpose.

[0045] References to “some embodiments” or “some exemplary embodiments” herein mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment. The phrases “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” or “another embodiment” appearing throughout this disclosure do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor are they necessarily separate or alternative embodiments that must be mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0046] Furthermore, the articles “a” and “an” used in this disclosure and the appended claims should generally be understood to mean “one or more”, unless otherwise specified or clearly indicated by the context to be in the singular form.

[0047] Unless otherwise explicitly stated, each numerical value and range should be interpreted as approximate, just as the words "approximately" or "roughly" precede the value of a numerical value or range.

[0048] Although the elements in the following method claims (if any) are recited in a particular order, these elements are not necessarily intended to be limited to being implemented in that particular order unless the claims otherwise imply a particular order for implementing some or all of these elements.

[0049] It should be understood that certain features of this disclosure described in the context of various separate embodiments for clarity may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of this specification described in the context of a single embodiment for brevity may also be provided separately, or in any suitable sub-combination, or appropriately in any other described embodiment of this specification. Certain features described in the context of various embodiments are not essential features of those embodiments unless otherwise stated.

[0050] It will be further understood that those skilled in the art can make various modifications, substitutions, and alterations to the details, materials, and arrangements of the components described and illustrated for the purpose of explaining the nature of the described embodiments, without departing from the scope. Accordingly, the appended claims cover all such substitutions, modifications, and alterations falling on the aspects of the claims.

[0051] Clause 1: A method for communication of nodes, said method comprising: Determine whether the node needs to fall back from communication in the second frequency range to communication in the first frequency range, wherein the first frequency range is different from the second frequency range, and wherein... The method further includes at least one of the following: In response to determining that the fallback is not needed, data is transmitted from the node using the second frequency range communication; or In response to determining that the fallback is needed, the fallback from the second frequency range communication to the first frequency range communication is performed, and a simplified version of the data is transmitted from the node using the first frequency range communication.

[0052] Clause 2: The method according to Clause 1, wherein the node comprises at least one of the following: at least one user equipment (UE), at least one relay node, at least one vehicle module, at least one base station, at least one roadside unit, at least one repeater, at least one transponder, at least one wireless router, at least one controller, or at least one access point.

[0053] Clause 3: The method according to Clause 1, wherein each of the first frequency range communication and the second frequency range communication is a corresponding side link communication.

[0054] Clause 4: The method according to Clause 1, wherein the first frequency range communication includes one or more frequency bands in the range of 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz, and the second frequency range communication includes one or more frequency bands in the range of 24.25 GHz to 71 GHz.

[0055] Clause 5: The method according to Clause 1, wherein the determination of whether the node needs to switch from communication in the second frequency range to communication in the first frequency range is performed by the node and based on at least one of the following: Detection of beam failure associated with the node. Beam failure recovery operation associated with the node, If the angle of at least one beam associated with the node changes more than a predetermined threshold angle, The change in the absolute position of the node, the change in the velocity of the node, the change in the acceleration of the node, or the change in the heading of the node exceeds the corresponding first threshold. The change in the relative position of the node, the change in the relative velocity of the node, the change in the relative acceleration of the node, or the change in the relative heading of the node exceeds the corresponding second threshold. At least one reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement is less than a predetermined threshold. At least one side link RSRP measurement value is less than a predetermined threshold. Channel Busy Ratio (CBR) threshold, The node receives or experiences a certain number of consecutive asynchronous indications, the number of which exceeds a predetermined threshold. The physical layer generates a negative acknowledgment for the data from the media access control (MAC) layer. The MAC layer instructs the physical layer to generate a negative acknowledgment for the data. The MAC layer instructs the physical layer to generate a negative acknowledgment corresponding to a transmission on one or more specific channels. Detection of radio link failures, The reception or transmission of a MAC layer negative acknowledgment to the corresponding sidelink Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) entity. For the transmission of MAC Packet Data Units (PDUs), a positive acknowledgment of reception or a failure of transmission is required. The MAC layer HARQ buffer is flushed. The MAC layer HARQ buffer was not flushed. For the transmission or reception of MAC PDUs, a negative acknowledgment is required at the MAC layer. The number of HARQ retransmissions has reached the predetermined threshold number. At least one of the following: a MAC layer listen-before-talk (LBT) failure indication or a MAC layer uplink LBT failure indication. The physical layer does not generate positive confirmation of the data to the MAC layer. The MAC layer does not instruct the physical layer to generate a positive acknowledgment of the data. The physical random access procedure was not completed. HARQ confirmation was not evaluated or reported at the physical layer, or The priority associated with the data to be transmitted.

[0056] Clause 6: The method according to Clause 5, wherein the radio link failure includes HARQ-based sidelink radio link failure.

[0057] Clause 7: The method according to Clause 5, wherein the priority associated with the data is a conditional priority determined by the MAC layer, and wherein: If one or more resources associated with one or more logical channels of higher priority are transmitted, then one or more resources associated with one or more logical channels of lower priority are not transmitted; and If one or more resources associated with one or more logical channels with higher priority are not transmitted, then one or more resources associated with one or more logical channels with lower priority are transmitted.

[0058] Clause 8: The method described in Clause 7, wherein the data is associated with a higher conditional priority, and a simplified version of the data is associated with data having a lower conditional priority.

[0059] Clause 9: The method according to Clause 1, wherein the determination of whether the node needs to communicate from the second frequency range to the first frequency range is performed by the node through at least one of the following: physical layer, media access control (MAC) layer, radio resource control (RRC) layer, or application layer.

[0060] Clause 10: The method according to Clause 1, wherein the simplified version of the data includes at least one of the following: a compressed version of the data, one or more images having a higher compression ratio than the data, a portion of the data without another portion of the data, a portion of the data having less security-related information than the data, a portion of the data not having security-related information of the data, or a number of images per second less than the number of images per second of the data.

[0061] Clause 11: Nodes used for communication, said nodes comprising: Memory, which stores instructions; and A processor configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to: Determine whether the node needs to fall back from communication in the second frequency range to communication in the first frequency range, wherein the first frequency range is different from the second frequency range, and wherein... The processor is also configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to perform at least one of the following: In response to determining that the fallback is not needed, data is transmitted from the node using the second frequency range communication; or In response to determining that the fallback is needed, the fallback from the second frequency range communication to the first frequency range communication is performed, and a simplified version of the data is transmitted from the node using the first frequency range communication.

[0062] Clause 12: A node as described in Clause 11, wherein the node comprises at least one of the following: at least one user equipment (UE), at least one relay node, at least one vehicle module, at least one base station, at least one roadside unit, at least one repeater, at least one transponder, at least one wireless router, at least one controller, or at least one access point.

[0063] Clause 13: The node as described in Clause 11, wherein each of the first frequency range communication and the second frequency range communication is a corresponding side link communication.

[0064] Clause 14: The node as described in Clause 11, wherein the first frequency range communication includes one or more frequency bands in the range of 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz, and the second frequency range communication includes one or more frequency bands in the range of 24.25 GHz to 71 GHz.

[0065] Clause 15: The node as described in Clause 11, wherein determining whether the node needs to perform the fallback from communication in the second frequency range to communication in the first frequency range is performed by the node and based on at least one of the following: Detection of beam failure associated with the node. Beam failure recovery operation associated with the node, If the angle of at least one beam associated with the node changes more than a predetermined threshold angle, The change in the absolute position of the node, the change in the velocity of the node, the change in the acceleration of the node, or the change in the heading of the node exceeds the corresponding first threshold. The change in the relative position of the node, the change in the relative velocity of the node, the change in the relative acceleration of the node, or the change in the relative heading of the node exceeds the corresponding second threshold. At least one reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement is less than a predetermined threshold. At least one side link RSRP measurement value is less than a predetermined threshold. Channel Busy Ratio (CBR) threshold, The node receives or experiences a certain number of consecutive asynchronous indications, the number of which exceeds a predetermined threshold. The physical layer generates a negative acknowledgment for the data from the media access control (MAC) layer. The MAC layer instructs the physical layer to generate a negative acknowledgment for the data. The MAC layer instructs the physical layer to generate a negative acknowledgment corresponding to a transmission on one or more specific channels. Detection of radio link failures, The reception or transmission of a MAC layer negative acknowledgment to the corresponding sidelink Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) entity. For the transmission of MAC Packet Data Units (PDUs), a positive acknowledgment of reception or a failure of transmission is required. The MAC layer HARQ buffer is flushed. The MAC layer HARQ buffer was not flushed. For the transmission or reception of MAC PDUs, a negative acknowledgment is required at the MAC layer. The number of HARQ retransmissions has reached the predetermined threshold number. At least one of the following: a MAC layer listen-before-talk (LBT) failure indication or a MAC layer uplink LBT failure indication. The physical layer does not generate positive confirmation of the data to the MAC layer. The MAC layer does not instruct the physical layer to generate a positive acknowledgment of the data. The physical random access procedure was not completed. HARQ confirmation was not evaluated or reported at the physical layer, or The priority associated with the data to be transmitted.

[0066] Clause 16: The node as described in Clause 15, wherein the radio link failure includes HARQ-based sidelink radio link failure.

[0067] Clause 17: A node as described in Clause 15, wherein the priority associated with the data is a conditional priority determined by the MAC layer, and wherein: If one or more resources associated with one or more logical channels of higher priority are transmitted, then one or more resources associated with one or more logical channels of lower priority are not transmitted; and If one or more resources associated with one or more logical channels with higher priority are not transmitted, then one or more resources associated with one or more logical channels with lower priority are transmitted.

[0068] Clause 18: A node as described in Clause 17, wherein the data is associated with a higher conditional priority and a simplified version of the data is associated with data having a lower conditional priority.

[0069] Clause 19: A node as described in Clause 11, wherein determining whether the node needs to backtrack from the second frequency range to the first frequency range is performed by the node through at least one of the following: physical layer, media access control (MAC) layer, radio resource control (RRC) layer, or application layer.

[0070] Clause 20: A node pursuant to Clause 11, wherein the simplified version of the data includes at least one of the following: a compressed version of the data, one or more images having a higher compression ratio than the data, a portion of the data without another portion of the data, a portion of the data having less security-related information than the data, a portion of the data not having security-related information of the data, or a number of images per second less than the number of images per second of the data.

[0071] Clause 21: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions executable by one or more processors of a node for communication to perform a method comprising: Determine whether the node needs to fall back from communication in the second frequency range to communication in the first frequency range, wherein the first frequency range is different from the second frequency range, and wherein... The method further includes at least one of the following: In response to determining that the fallback is not needed, data is transmitted from the node using the second frequency range communication; or In response to determining that the fallback is needed, the fallback from the second frequency range communication to the first frequency range communication is performed, and a simplified version of the data is transmitted from the node using the first frequency range communication.

Claims

1. A method for communication by a node, the method comprising: determining whether the node needs a fallback from a second frequency range communication to a first frequency range communication, wherein the first frequency range is different from the second frequency range, and wherein the method further comprises at least one of: transmitting data from the node using the second frequency range communication in response to determining that the fallback is not needed; or performing the fallback from the second frequency range communication to the first frequency range communication in response to determining that the fallback is needed, and transmitting a reduced version of the data from the node using the first frequency range communication.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, the node comprises at least one of: at least one user equipment (UE), at least one relay node, at least one vehicle mounted module, at least one base station, at least one road side unit, at least one repeater, at least one transponder, at least one wireless router, at least one controller, or at least one access point.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, each of the first frequency range communication and the second frequency range communication is a respective sidelink communication.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, the first frequency range communication comprises one or more frequency bands in a range of 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz, and the second frequency range communication comprises one or more frequency bands in a range of 24.25 Ghz to 71 GHz.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, determining whether the node needs the fallback from the second frequency range communication to the first frequency range communication is performed by the node and is based on at least one of: a detection of a beam failure associated with the node, a beam failure recovery operation associated with the node, a change in an angle of at least one beam associated with the node is greater than a predetermined threshold angle, a change in an absolute position of the node, a change in a speed of the node, a change in an acceleration of the node, or a change in a heading of the node is greater than a corresponding first threshold value, a change in a relative position of the node, a change in a relative speed of the node, a change in a relative acceleration of the node, or a change in a relative heading of the node is greater than a corresponding second threshold value, at least one reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement is less than a predetermined threshold value, at least one sidelink RSRP measurement is less than a predetermined threshold value, a channel busy ratio (CBR) threshold value, the node receives or experiences a number of consecutive out-of-sync indications that is greater than a predetermined threshold number, a medium access control (MAC) layer instructs a physical layer to generate a negative acknowledgement of the data, the physical layer generates a negative acknowledgement of the data to the MAC layer, the MAC layer instructs the physical layer to generate a negative acknowledgement corresponding to a transmission on one or more specific channels, a detection of a radio link failure, a reception or transmission of a MAC layer negative acknowledgement to a corresponding sidelink hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) entity, a failure of a reception or transmission of a positive acknowledgement for a transmission of a MAC packet data unit (PDU), a MAC layer HARQ buffer is flushed, a MAC layer HARQ buffer is not flushed, a transmission or reception of a MAC layer negative acknowledgement for a transmission of a MAC PDU, a number of HARQ retransmissions reaches a predetermined threshold number of HARQ retransmissions, at least one of an indication of a MAC layer listen before talk (LBT) failure or an indication of a MAC layer uplink LBT failure, the MAC layer does not instruct the physical layer to generate a positive acknowledgement of data, the physical layer does not generate a positive acknowledgement of data to the MAC layer, a physical random access procedure is not completed, a HARQ acknowledgement is not evaluated or reported at the physical layer, or a priority associated with the data.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, the radio link failure comprises a HARQ-based sidelink radio link failure.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein, the priority associated with the data is a conditional priority determined by the MAC layer, and wherein: if one or more resources associated with one or more logical channels having a higher priority are transmitted, one or more resources associated with one or more logical channels having a lower priority are not transmitted; and if one or more resources associated with one or more logical channels having a higher priority are not transmitted, one or more resources associated with one or more logical channels having a lower priority are transmitted.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, the data is associated with a higher conditional priority and a simplified version of the data is associated with data having a lower conditional priority.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein, determining whether the node needs to fallback from the second frequency range communication to the first frequency range communication is performed by the node through at least one of a physical layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) layer, or an application layer.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein, the simplified version of the data comprises at least one of a compressed version of the data, one or more images having a higher compression rate than a compression rate of the data, a portion of the data without another portion of the data, a portion of the data without security-related information of the data, a portion of the data having less security-related information than the data, or a lower number of images per second than a number of images per second of the data.

11. A node for communication, the node comprising: a memory storing instructions; and a processor configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to: determine whether the node needs to fallback from a second frequency range communication to a first frequency range communication, wherein the first frequency range is different from the second frequency range, and wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to perform at least one of: in response to determining that the fallback is not needed, transmit data from the node using the second frequency range communication; or in response to determining that the fallback is needed, perform the fallback from the second frequency range communication to the first frequency range communication, and transmit a simplified version of the data from the node using the first frequency range communication.

12. The node of claim 11, wherein, The node comprises at least one of at least one user equipment (UE), at least one relay node, at least one vehicle mounted module, at least one base station, at least one road side unit, at least one repeater, at least one transponder, at least one wireless router, at least one controller, or at least one access point.

13. The node of claim 11, wherein, Each of the first frequency range communications and the second frequency range communications is a respective sidelink communication.

14. The node of claim 11, wherein, The first frequency range communications comprise one or more frequency bands in a range of 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz and the second frequency range communications comprise one or more frequency bands in a range of 24.25 Ghz to 71 GHz.

15. The node of claim 11, wherein, Determining whether the node needs the fallback from the second frequency range communications to the first frequency range communications is performed by the node and is based on at least one of: a detection of a beam failure associated with the node, a beam failure recovery operation associated with the node, a change in an angle of at least one beam associated with the node is greater than a predetermined threshold angle, a change in an absolute position of the node, a change in a velocity of the node, a change in an acceleration of the node, or a change in a heading of the node is greater than a corresponding first threshold value, a change in a relative position of the node, a change in a relative velocity of the node, a change in a relative acceleration of the node, or a change in a relative heading of the node is greater than a corresponding second threshold value, at least one reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement value is less than a predetermined threshold value, at least one sidelink RSRP measurement value is less than a predetermined threshold value, a channel busy ratio (CBR) threshold value, the node receives or experiences a number of consecutive out-of-sync indications that is greater than a predetermined threshold number, a medium access control (MAC) layer instructs a physical layer to generate a negative acknowledgement of the data, the physical layer generates a negative acknowledgement of the data to the MAC layer, the MAC layer instructs the physical layer to generate a negative acknowledgement corresponding to a transmission on one or more specific channels, a detection of a radio link failure, a reception or transmission of a MAC layer negative acknowledgement to a corresponding sidelink hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) entity, a failure of a reception or transmission of a positive acknowledgement for a transmission of a MAC packet data unit (PDU), a MAC layer HARQ buffer is flushed, a MAC layer HARQ buffer is not flushed, a transmission or reception of a MAC layer negative acknowledgement for a transmission of a MAC PDU, a number of HARQ retransmissions reaches a predetermined threshold number of HARQ retransmissions, at least one of a MAC layer listen before talk (LBT) failure indication or a MAC layer uplink LBT failure indication, the physical layer does not generate a positive acknowledgement of data to the MAC layer, the MAC layer does not instruct the physical layer to generate a positive acknowledgement of data, a physical random access procedure is not completed, a HARQ acknowledgement is not evaluated or reported at the physical layer, or a priority associated with data to be transmitted.

16. The node of claim 15, wherein, The radio link failure comprises a HARQ-based sidelink radio link failure.

17. The node of claim 15, wherein, A priority associated with the data is a conditional priority determined by the MAC layer, and wherein: if one or more resources associated with one or more logical channels having a higher priority are transmitted, then one or more resources associated with one or more logical channels having a lower priority are not transmitted; and if one or more resources associated with one or more logical channels having a higher priority are not transmitted, then one or more resources associated with one or more logical channels having a lower priority are transmitted.

18. The node of claim 17, wherein, The data is associated with a higher conditional priority, and a simplified version of the data is associated with data having a lower conditional priority.

19. The node of claim 11, wherein, Determining whether the node needs to fallback from the second frequency range communication to the first frequency range communication is performed by the node through at least one of: a physical layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) layer, or an application layer.

20. The node of claim 11, wherein, The simplified version of the data comprises at least one of: a compressed version of the data, one or more images having a higher compression rate than a compression rate of the data, a portion of the data without another portion of the data, a portion of the data having less security-related information than the data, a portion of the data without security-related information of the data, or a lower number of images per second than a number of images per second of the data.

21. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions executable by one or more processors of a node for communication to perform a method comprising: determining whether the node needs to fallback from a second frequency range communication to a first frequency range communication, wherein the first frequency range is different than the second frequency range, and wherein The method further comprises at least one of: transmitting data from the node using the second frequency range communication in response to determining that the fallback is not needed; or performing the fallback from the second frequency range communication to the first frequency range communication in response to determining that the fallback is needed, and transmitting a simplified version of the data from the node using the first frequency range communication.

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