Amaranthus hypochondriacus silage total mixed ration formula and feeding method

Abstract

The invention discloses an amaranthus hypochondriacus silage total mixed ration formula and a feeding method, and relates to the technical field of silage. Comprising the following raw materials: modified amaranthus hypochondriacus silage stalks, amaranthus hypochondriacus silage leaves, corn silage, alfalfa hay, corn, modified cottonseed meal, soybean meal, wheat bran, a buffering agent, a functional agent, modified attapulgite, a cattle fattening premix, stone powder and table salt. According to the beef cattle feed disclosed by the invention, the added modified grain amaranth silage stalks can reduce the digestion barrier of beef cattle to coarse feed, guarantee the utilization efficiency of daily ration fibers, and avoid the influence on the feed intake and the weight gain effect of the beef cattle due to too high proportion of low-digestion fibers; the added modified cottonseed meal provides crude protein with high utilization rate for beef cattle, and ensures the protein deposition and growth performance of the beef cattle in the fattening period; the added functional agent can inhibit the reproduction of harmful flora, improve the digestion and utilization rate of the whole feed, and guarantee the stability and high efficiency of rumen fermentation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of silage technology, and in particular to a total mixed ration (TMR) formulation and feeding method for amaranth silage. Background Technology

[0002] Mixed diet, commonly abbreviated as TMR, is an advanced scientific feeding method. Its core is to accurately weigh, chop, and thoroughly mix all the feed ingredients required by animals, such as roughage, concentrates, minerals, and vitamins, using specialized equipment to form a complete diet with a uniform nutritional composition.

[0003] The following problems exist with grain amaranth silage total mixed ration (TMR) formulations: low roughage fiber digestibility; common straw-based roughage has a dense fiber structure, making it difficult for rumen microorganisms to degrade, and it generally suffers from high fiber and low nutrient content, failing to balance fiber supply and protein supplementation; protein sources suffer from excessive anti-nutritional factors and unstable supply; unmodified cottonseed meal has limitations in its addition amount due to harmful substances such as free gossypol, while single protein sources are prone to insufficient or excessive supply, making it difficult to stably guarantee the protein deposition needs of beef cattle; and rumen acidosis is highly likely to occur in the early fattening stage, as corn starch in traditional high-energy diets ferments rapidly, leading to a large accumulation of lactic acid and disrupting the rumen acid-base balance. Based on these issues, this invention provides a grain amaranth silage TMR formulation and feeding method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide an easily digestible total mixed diet of amaranth silage, which is applied in a formulation and feeding method of a total mixed diet of amaranth silage.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] This invention provides a total mixed ration (TMR) formula for amaranth silage, comprising the following components by weight: 14-16 parts modified amaranth silage stalks, 9-11 parts amaranth silage leaves, 17-20 parts corn silage, 4-6 parts alfalfa hay, 32-35 parts corn, 4-6 parts modified cottonseed meal, 0.5-1.5 parts soybean meal, 2.5-3.5 parts wheat bran, 1.3-1.7 parts buffer, 0.2-0.3 parts functional agent, 0.2-0.4 parts modified attapulgite, 2.8-3.2 parts fattening cattle premix, 0.3-0.6 parts limestone powder, and 0.4-0.6 parts salt;

[0007] The preparation of the total mixed ration of alfalfa silage includes the following steps: alfalfa hay, modified alfalfa silage stalks, and corn silage are added to a reaction vessel and stirred at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 3 minutes; alfalfa silage leaves, buffer, and modified attapulgite are added and stirred at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 2 minutes; corn, modified cottonseed meal, soybean meal, and wheat bran are added and stirred at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 2 minutes; functional agents are added and stirred at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 3 minutes; fattening cattle premix, limestone powder, and salt are added and stirred at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 1 minute to obtain the total mixed ration of alfalfa silage.

[0008] The length of the corn is 1-1.5mm;

[0009] Soybean meal has a particle size of 0.9-2.5mm. It is a high-quality supplementary raw material among protein concentrates. Its core function is to quickly supplement the diet with high-quality protein when the supply of modified cottonseed meal is insufficient or the protein content is not up to standard, so as to ensure the stability of protein nutrition supply and avoid affecting the weight gain efficiency of beef cattle due to protein deficiency.

[0010] The length of corn silage is 2-4 cm. Corn silage is the core component of long-fiber buffer roughage. Its core function is to balance the fiber source of the diet, provide a basic fiber matrix for the rumen of beef cattle and maintain a normal fermentation environment in the rumen, thus ensuring stable rumination function.

[0011] Alfalfa hay is 3-5cm long and has a moisture content of 12-15%. Alfalfa hay is a functional raw material among long-fiber buffer roughage. Its main function is to increase the proportion of effective neutral detergent fiber in the diet, promote rumination behavior in beef cattle, enhance rumen buffering capacity, and supplement a certain amount of high-quality protein and minerals. It can both ensure the long fiber stimulation required for rumination and avoid excessive fiber crowding out the proportion of energy concentrate.

[0012] Modified attapulgite is food-grade with a particle size of 200-300 mesh. It is an adsorbent material in acid-resistant additives, and its main function is to adsorb excess organic acids in the rumen to prevent the accumulation of organic acids and the resulting rumen acidosis. It can also adsorb some harmful toxins. While precisely controlling acidosis, it avoids affecting the absorption of nutrients.

[0013] Limestone powder has a calcium content of ≥35%, a particle size of ≤0.42mm, and a lead content of ≤5mg / kg. Limestone powder is a calcium source supplement among micronutrient raw materials. Its core function is to regulate the calcium-phosphorus ratio in the diet, ensure the calcium requirements for the bone development and physiological metabolism of beef cattle, and avoid metabolic diseases caused by calcium deficiency.

[0014] The premixed feed for fattening cattle contains 10,000-12,000 IU / kg of vitamin A, ≥2,500 IU / kg of vitamin D, ≥60 IU / kg of vitamin E, 0.8-1.0% of calcium, and 0.4-0.5% of phosphorus, which meets the NY / T148 standard.

[0015] The sodium chloride purity of table salt is ≥99%, moisture content is ≤0.5%, it is iodine-free, heavy metal content is ≤2mg / kg, and particle size is ≤0.42mm.

[0016] Furthermore, the buffer is a mixture of baking soda, magnesium oxide, and bentonite;

[0017] The mass ratio of sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide and bentonite is 7:3:5.

[0018] Baking soda purity ≥ 99%;

[0019] Magnesium oxide purity ≥ 85%;

[0020] The bentonite is food grade with a particle size ≤0.42mm.

[0021] Furthermore, the functional agent is a mixture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis;

[0022] The mass ratio of the brewing yeast to Bacillus subtilis is 4:1.

[0023] The total viable count of the functional agent is 5 × 10⁻⁶. 9 -1×10 10 CFU / g.

[0024] Furthermore, the preparation of the modified cottonseed meal includes the following steps:

[0025] S1. Put cottonseed meal into a hammer mill and crush it, then filter it through a 2-3mm screen to obtain cottonseed meal granules;

[0026] S2. Place cottonseed meal granules into a reaction vessel and stir at 15 rpm. Add deionized water at 35-40℃ and stir at 15 rpm for 3 minutes. Stop stirring and let stand for 10 minutes. Start stirring at 20 rpm for 1 minute. Stop stirring and let stand for 10 minutes. Start stirring at 20 rpm for 1 minute. Stop stirring and let stand for 10 minutes. Add brown sugar and cornmeal and stir at 20 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a mixture. Place the mixture in a constant temperature environment of 25-30℃ and 60-70% humidity and let stand for 30 minutes to obtain an activated mixture.

[0027] S3. Add the activated mixture into the reactor and stir at 10 rpm. Add sodium carbonate and stir for 2 minutes. Stop stirring and let stand for 15 minutes. Turn on the stirring and stir at 10 rpm. Add ferrous sulfate and vitamin C and stir for 3 minutes. Stop stirring and let stand for 10 minutes. Turn on the stirring and stir at 15 rpm. Add vinegar solution and stir for 5 minutes. Add compound microbial agent and stir at 15 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain material A.

[0028] S4. Place material A into a fermentation tank and seal it. Place the fermentation tank in a constant temperature fermentation room and set the temperature to 28-32℃. Ferment for 24-36 hours to obtain modified cottonseed meal.

[0029] The fineness of the cornmeal is ≥80 mesh.

[0030] Further, the mass ratio of the cottonseed meal granules, deionized water, brown sugar, corn flour, sodium carbonate, ferrous sulfate, vitamin C, vinegar solution, and compound microbial agent is 1:1.2:0.005:0.01:0.006:0.003:0.001:0.012:0.002;

[0031] The acetic acid solution is a mixture of 5% acetic acid and deionized water, with a mass ratio of 1:2.

[0032] Furthermore, the compound microbial agent is composed of wheat bran, Aspergillus oryzae spore powder, Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, Lactobacillus plantarum powder and Bacillus subtilis powder;

[0033] The mass ratio of the wheat bran, Aspergillus oryzae spore powder, Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, Lactobacillus plantarum powder, and Bacillus subtilis powder is 1:3:2:2:2.

[0034] Wheat bran with a fineness ≥60 mesh and Aspergillus oryzae spore count ≥1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, viable count of brewer's yeast powder ≥2×10 10 CFU / g, viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum powder ≥1×10 11 CFU / g, viable count of Bacillus subtilis powder ≥5×10 10 CFU / g.

[0035] Furthermore, the preparation of the modified amaranth silage stalks includes the following steps:

[0036] B1. Place the amaranth silage stalks into a chaff cutter to chop them into pellets, thus obtaining amaranth silage stalk pellets;

[0037] B2. Place the amaranth silage stalks into a continuous microwave drying equipment, set the power to 600W, the temperature to 50-55℃, and dry for 1 minute to obtain dried amaranth silage stalks.

[0038] B3. Place the dried amaranth silage stalks into an open soaking tank, add 35℃ deionized water and soak for 15 minutes. Drain using a draining basket for 10-15 minutes. Place the drained amaranth silage stalks onto a seepage-proof mat, add probiotic solution to obtain material B. Place material B into a fermentation tank and seal it. Place the fermentation tank in a constant temperature fermentation room and set the temperature to 25-30℃ for 16-22 hours to obtain modified amaranth silage stalks.

[0039] The length of the amaranth silage stalk particles is 5-8 cm.

[0040] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the dried amaranth silage stalk particles, deionized water, and probiotic solution is 1:1.2:0.001.

[0041] Furthermore, the probiotic liquid is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum liquid, Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension, Bacillus subtilis liquid and brown sugar;

[0042] The mass ratio of the Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial solution, Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension, Bacillus subtilis bacterial solution, and brown sugar is 3:1:1:0.01.

[0043] The viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum in the bacterial culture is ≥1×10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g, spore count of Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension ≥5×10 9 CFU / g, viable count of Bacillus subtilis bacterial suspension ≥5×10 9 CFU / g

[0044] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for feeding a total mixed diet of amaranth silage: in the early fattening stage, beef cattle are fed twice a day with a total mixed diet of amaranth silage at a ratio of 2.0%-2.2% of the beef cattle's body weight.

[0045] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] 1. The modified amaranth silage stalks added in this invention are the core high-digestibility fiber roughage in the diet, providing fattening beef cattle with high-quality fiber that is easily decomposed by rumen microorganisms. It can directly replace part of the traditional corn silage, optimize the overall fiber structure of the diet, reduce the digestive barrier of roughage for beef cattle, ensure the utilization efficiency of dietary fiber, and avoid affecting the feed intake and weight gain of beef cattle due to an excessively high proportion of low-digestibility fiber.

[0047] 2. The modified cottonseed meal added in this invention is a core low-anti-nutritional-factor protein source in protein concentrates, providing beef cattle with highly usable crude protein. After detoxification and modification, it can effectively avoid the toxic risks of free gossypol, ensuring protein deposition and growth performance of beef cattle during the fattening period.

[0048] 3. The functional agent added in this invention is a functional regulating component in an acid-poisoning-specific additive. Its core function is to optimize the rumen fermentation mode, promote propionic acid fermentation, reduce lactic acid accumulation, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, improve overall feed digestibility and utilization, and ensure the stability and efficiency of rumen fermentation. It can also work synergistically with buffers and modified attapulgite. The sodium bicarbonate in the buffer quickly neutralizes rumen acidity, magnesium oxide achieves long-term acid-base stability, and bentonite assists in the adsorption of harmful metabolites. The functional agent optimizes the rumen fermentation mode, promotes propionic acid production, and reduces lactic acid accumulation, thereby reducing the risk of acidosis from the source. The modified attapulgite specifically adsorbs excess organic acids, further strengthening the acid-resistant defense. When high environmental temperatures cause rumen acidity to rise, the buffer is increased to its maximum level, and the functional agent and attapulgite are synchronously and appropriately matched. The three work together, providing layer-by-layer protection, comprehensively ensuring rumen acid-base stability and preventing acidosis. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] It should be noted that all raw materials used in the following experiments are commercially available.

[0051] Example 1: A total mixed ration (TMR) formulation of amaranth silage, comprising the following components by weight: 14 parts modified amaranth silage stalks, 9 parts amaranth silage leaves, 17 parts corn silage, 4 parts alfalfa hay, 32 parts corn, 4 parts modified cottonseed meal, 0.5 parts soybean meal, 2.5 parts wheat bran, 1.3 parts buffer, 0.2 parts functional agent, 0.2 parts modified attapulgite, 2.8 parts fattening cattle premix, 0.3 parts limestone powder, and 0.4 parts salt;

[0052] The preparation of the total mixed ration of alfalfa silage includes the following steps: alfalfa hay, modified alfalfa silage stalks, and corn silage are added to a reaction vessel and stirred at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 3 minutes; alfalfa silage leaves, buffer, and modified attapulgite are added and stirred at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 2 minutes; corn, modified cottonseed meal, soybean meal, and wheat bran are added and stirred at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 2 minutes; functional agents are added and stirred at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 3 minutes; fattening cattle premix, limestone powder, and salt are added and stirred at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 1 minute to obtain the total mixed ration of alfalfa silage.

[0053] The buffer is a mixture of baking soda, magnesium oxide, and bentonite;

[0054] The mass ratio of baking soda, magnesium oxide, and bentonite is 7:3:5.

[0055] The functional agent is a mixture of brewer's yeast and Bacillus subtilis;

[0056] The mass ratio of brewer's yeast to Bacillus subtilis is 4:1.

[0057] The preparation of modified cottonseed meal includes the following steps:

[0058] S1. Put cottonseed meal into a hammer mill and crush it, then filter it through a 2-3mm screen to obtain cottonseed meal granules;

[0059] S2. Place cottonseed meal granules into a reaction vessel and stir at 15 rpm. Add deionized water at 35-40℃ and stir at 15 rpm for 3 minutes. Stop stirring and let stand for 10 minutes. Start stirring at 20 rpm for 1 minute. Stop stirring and let stand for 10 minutes. Start stirring at 20 rpm for 1 minute. Stop stirring and let stand for 10 minutes. Add brown sugar and cornmeal and stir at 20 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a mixture. Place the mixture in a constant temperature environment of 25-30℃ and 60-70% humidity and let stand for 30 minutes to obtain an activated mixture.

[0060] S3. Add the activated mixture into the reactor and stir at 10 rpm. Add sodium carbonate and stir for 2 minutes. Stop stirring and let stand for 15 minutes. Turn on the stirring and stir at 10 rpm. Add ferrous sulfate and vitamin C and stir for 3 minutes. Stop stirring and let stand for 10 minutes. Turn on the stirring and stir at 15 rpm. Add vinegar solution and stir for 5 minutes. Add compound microbial agent and stir at 15 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain material A.

[0061] S4. Place material A into a fermentation tank and seal it. Place the fermentation tank in a constant temperature fermentation room and set the temperature to 28-32℃. Ferment for 24-36 hours to obtain modified cottonseed meal.

[0062] The mass ratio of cottonseed meal granules, deionized water, brown sugar, cornmeal, sodium carbonate, ferrous sulfate, vitamin C, vinegar solution, and compound microbial agent is 1:1.2:0.005:0.01:0.006:0.003:0.001:0.012:0.002;

[0063] The acetic acid solution is a mixture of 5% acetic acid and deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of the 5% acetic acid to the deionized water is 1:2.

[0064] The compound microbial agent is composed of wheat bran, Aspergillus oryzae spore powder, Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, Lactobacillus plantarum powder, and Bacillus subtilis powder;

[0065] The mass ratio of wheat bran, Aspergillus oryzae spore powder, Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, Lactobacillus plantarum powder, and Bacillus subtilis powder is 1:3:2:2:2.

[0066] The preparation of modified amaranth silage stalks includes the following steps:

[0067] B1. Place the amaranth silage stalks into a chaff cutter to chop them into pellets, thus obtaining amaranth silage stalk pellets;

[0068] B2. Place the amaranth silage stalks into a continuous microwave drying equipment, set the power to 600W, the temperature to 50-55℃, and dry for 1 minute to obtain dried amaranth silage stalks.

[0069] B3. Place the dried amaranth silage stalks into an open soaking tank, add 35℃ deionized water and soak for 15 minutes. Drain using a draining basket for 10-15 minutes. Place the drained amaranth silage stalks onto a seepage-proof mat, add probiotic solution to obtain material B. Place material B into a fermentation tank and seal it. Place the fermentation tank in a constant temperature fermentation room and set the temperature to 25-30℃ for 16-22 hours to obtain modified amaranth silage stalks.

[0070] The mass ratio of dried amaranth silage stalks, deionized water, and probiotic solution was 1:1.2:0.001.

[0071] The probiotic liquid is a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum liquid, Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension, Bacillus subtilis liquid and brown sugar;

[0072] The mass ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum inoculum, Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension, Bacillus subtilis inoculum, and brown sugar was 3:1:1:0.01.

[0073] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for feeding a total mixed diet of amaranth silage: in the early fattening stage, beef cattle are fed twice a day with a total mixed diet of amaranth silage at a ratio of 2.0%-2.2% of the beef cattle's body weight.

[0074] Example 2: A total mixed ration (TMR) formulation of amaranth silage, comprising the following components by weight: 15 parts modified amaranth silage stalks, 10 parts amaranth silage leaves, 18.5 parts corn silage, 5 parts alfalfa hay, 33.5 parts corn, 5 parts modified cottonseed meal, 1 part soybean meal, 3 parts wheat bran, 1.5 parts buffer, 0.25 parts functional agent, 0.3 parts modified attapulgite, 3 parts fattening cattle premix, 0.45 parts limestone powder, and 0.5 parts salt;

[0075] The preparation of amaranth silage total mixed ration includes the following steps: alfalfa hay, modified amaranth silage stalks, and corn silage are added to a reaction vessel and stirred at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 3 minutes. Amaranth silage leaves, buffer, and modified attapulgite are added and stirred at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 2 minutes. Corn, modified cottonseed meal, soybean meal, and wheat bran are added and stirred at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 2 minutes. Functional agents are added and stirred at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 3 minutes. Fattening cattle premix, limestone powder, and salt are added and stirred at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 1 minute to obtain the amaranth silage total mixed ration.

[0076] The buffer is a mixture of baking soda, magnesium oxide, and bentonite;

[0077] The mass ratio of baking soda, magnesium oxide, and bentonite is 7:3:5.

[0078] The functional agent is a mixture of brewer's yeast and Bacillus subtilis;

[0079] The mass ratio of brewer's yeast to Bacillus subtilis is 4:1.

[0080] The preparation of modified cottonseed meal includes the following steps:

[0081] S1. Put cottonseed meal into a hammer mill and crush it, then filter it through a 2-3mm screen to obtain cottonseed meal granules;

[0082] S2. Place cottonseed meal granules into a reaction vessel and stir at 15 rpm. Add deionized water at 35-40℃ and stir at 15 rpm for 3 minutes. Stop stirring and let stand for 10 minutes. Start stirring at 20 rpm for 1 minute. Stop stirring and let stand for 10 minutes. Start stirring at 20 rpm for 1 minute. Stop stirring and let stand for 10 minutes. Add brown sugar and cornmeal and stir at 20 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a mixture. Place the mixture in a constant temperature environment of 25-30℃ and 60-70% humidity and let stand for 30 minutes to obtain an activated mixture.

[0083] S3. Add the activated mixture into the reactor and stir at 10 rpm. Add sodium carbonate and stir for 2 minutes. Stop stirring and let stand for 15 minutes. Turn on the stirring and stir at 10 rpm. Add ferrous sulfate and vitamin C and stir for 3 minutes. Stop stirring and let stand for 10 minutes. Turn on the stirring and stir at 15 rpm. Add vinegar solution and stir for 5 minutes. Add compound microbial agent and stir at 15 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain material A.

[0084] S4. Place material A into a fermentation tank and seal it. Place the fermentation tank in a constant temperature fermentation room and set the temperature to 28-32℃. Ferment for 24-36 hours to obtain modified cottonseed meal.

[0085] The mass ratio of cottonseed meal granules, deionized water, brown sugar, cornmeal, sodium carbonate, ferrous sulfate, vitamin C, vinegar solution, and compound microbial agent is 1:1.2:0.005:0.01:0.006:0.003:0.001:0.012:0.002;

[0086] The acetic acid solution is a mixture of 5% acetic acid and deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of the 5% acetic acid to the deionized water is 1:2.

[0087] The compound microbial agent is composed of wheat bran, Aspergillus oryzae spore powder, Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, Lactobacillus plantarum powder, and Bacillus subtilis powder;

[0088] The mass ratio of wheat bran, Aspergillus oryzae spore powder, Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, Lactobacillus plantarum powder, and Bacillus subtilis powder is 1:3:2:2:2.

[0089] The preparation of modified amaranth silage stalks includes the following steps:

[0090] B1. Place the amaranth silage stalks into a chaff cutter to chop them into pellets, thus obtaining amaranth silage stalk pellets;

[0091] B2. Place the amaranth silage stalks into a continuous microwave drying equipment, set the power to 600W, the temperature to 50-55℃, and dry for 1 minute to obtain dried amaranth silage stalks.

[0092] B3. Place the dried amaranth silage stalks into an open soaking tank, add 35℃ deionized water and soak for 15 minutes. Drain using a draining basket for 10-15 minutes. Place the drained amaranth silage stalks onto a seepage-proof mat, add probiotic solution to obtain material B. Place material B into a fermentation tank and seal it. Place the fermentation tank in a constant temperature fermentation room and set the temperature to 25-30℃ for 16-22 hours to obtain modified amaranth silage stalks.

[0093] The mass ratio of dried amaranth silage stalks, deionized water, and probiotic solution was 1:1.2:0.001.

[0094] The probiotic liquid is a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum liquid, Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension, Bacillus subtilis liquid and brown sugar;

[0095] The mass ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum inoculum, Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension, Bacillus subtilis inoculum, and brown sugar was 3:1:1:0.01.

[0096] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for feeding a total mixed diet of amaranth silage: in the early fattening stage, beef cattle are fed twice a day with a total mixed diet of amaranth silage at a ratio of 2.0%-2.2% of the beef cattle's body weight.

[0097] Example 3: A total mixed ration (TMR) formulation of amaranth silage, comprising the following components by weight: 16 parts modified amaranth silage stalks, 11 parts amaranth silage leaves, 20 parts corn silage, 6 parts alfalfa hay, 35 parts corn, 6 parts modified cottonseed meal, 1.5 parts soybean meal, 3.5 parts wheat bran, 1.7 parts buffer, 0.3 parts functional agent, 0.4 parts modified attapulgite, 3.2 parts fattening cattle premix, 0.6 parts limestone powder, and 0.6 parts salt;

[0098] The preparation of amaranth silage total mixed ration includes the following steps: alfalfa hay, modified amaranth silage stalks, and corn silage are added to a reaction vessel and stirred at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 3 minutes. Amaranth silage leaves, buffer, and modified attapulgite are added and stirred at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 2 minutes. Corn, modified cottonseed meal, soybean meal, and wheat bran are added and stirred at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 2 minutes. Functional agents are added and stirred at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 3 minutes. Fattening cattle premix, limestone powder, and salt are added and stirred at a speed of 15-20 rpm for 1 minute to obtain the amaranth silage total mixed ration.

[0099] The buffer is a mixture of baking soda, magnesium oxide, and bentonite;

[0100] The mass ratio of baking soda, magnesium oxide, and bentonite is 7:3:5.

[0101] The functional agent is a mixture of brewer's yeast and Bacillus subtilis;

[0102] The mass ratio of brewer's yeast to Bacillus subtilis is 4:1.

[0103] The preparation of modified cottonseed meal includes the following steps:

[0104] S1. Put cottonseed meal into a hammer mill and crush it, then filter it through a 2-3mm screen to obtain cottonseed meal granules;

[0105] S2. Place cottonseed meal granules into a reaction vessel and stir at 15 rpm. Add deionized water at 35-40℃ and stir at 15 rpm for 3 minutes. Stop stirring and let stand for 10 minutes. Start stirring at 20 rpm for 1 minute. Stop stirring and let stand for 10 minutes. Start stirring at 20 rpm for 1 minute. Stop stirring and let stand for 10 minutes. Add brown sugar and cornmeal and stir at 20 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a mixture. Place the mixture in a constant temperature environment of 25-30℃ and 60-70% humidity and let stand for 30 minutes to obtain an activated mixture.

[0106] S3. Add the activated mixture into the reactor and stir at 10 rpm. Add sodium carbonate and stir for 2 minutes. Stop stirring and let stand for 15 minutes. Turn on the stirring and stir at 10 rpm. Add ferrous sulfate and vitamin C and stir for 3 minutes. Stop stirring and let stand for 10 minutes. Turn on the stirring and stir at 15 rpm. Add vinegar solution and stir for 5 minutes. Add compound microbial agent and stir at 15 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain material A.

[0107] S4. Place material A into a fermentation tank and seal it. Place the fermentation tank in a constant temperature fermentation room and set the temperature to 28-32℃. Ferment for 24-36 hours to obtain modified cottonseed meal.

[0108] The mass ratio of cottonseed meal granules, deionized water, brown sugar, cornmeal, sodium carbonate, ferrous sulfate, vitamin C, vinegar solution, and compound microbial agent is 1:1.2:0.005:0.01:0.006:0.003:0.001:0.012:0.002;

[0109] The acetic acid solution is a mixture of 5% acetic acid and deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of the 5% acetic acid to the deionized water is 1:2.

[0110] The compound microbial agent is composed of wheat bran, Aspergillus oryzae spore powder, Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, Lactobacillus plantarum powder, and Bacillus subtilis powder;

[0111] The mass ratio of wheat bran, Aspergillus oryzae spore powder, Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, Lactobacillus plantarum powder, and Bacillus subtilis powder is 1:3:2:2:2.

[0112] The preparation of modified amaranth silage stalks includes the following steps:

[0113] B1. Place the amaranth silage stalks into a chaff cutter to chop them into pellets, thus obtaining amaranth silage stalk pellets;

[0114] B2. Place the amaranth silage stalks into a continuous microwave drying equipment, set the power to 600W, the temperature to 50-55℃, and dry for 1 minute to obtain dried amaranth silage stalks.

[0115] B3. Place the dried amaranth silage stalks into an open soaking tank, add 35℃ deionized water and soak for 15 minutes. Drain using a draining basket for 10-15 minutes. Place the drained amaranth silage stalks onto a seepage-proof mat, add probiotic solution to obtain material B. Place material B into a fermentation tank and seal it. Place the fermentation tank in a constant temperature fermentation room and set the temperature to 25-30℃ for 16-22 hours to obtain modified amaranth silage stalks.

[0116] The mass ratio of dried amaranth silage stalks, deionized water, and probiotic solution was 1:1.2:0.001.

[0117] The probiotic liquid is a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum liquid, Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension, Bacillus subtilis liquid and brown sugar;

[0118] The mass ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum inoculum, Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension, Bacillus subtilis inoculum, and brown sugar was 3:1:1:0.01.

[0119] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for feeding a total mixed diet of amaranth silage: in the early fattening stage, beef cattle are fed twice a day with a total mixed diet of amaranth silage at a ratio of 2.0%-2.2% of the beef cattle's body weight.

[0120] Comparative Example 1: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that:

[0121] This comparative example does not contain modified cottonseed meal.

[0122] Comparative Example 2: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that:

[0123] This comparative example does not contain any functional agents.

[0124] Comparative Example 3 differs from Example 1 in that:

[0125] The comparative example used unmodified amaranth silage stalks.

[0126] Performance testing: The total mixed diets of amaranth silage prepared in Examples 1, 2, 3, 1, 2 and 3 were tested.

[0127] Performance testing: The relevant performance of the grain amaranth silage total mixed diet formulations and feeding methods provided in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were tested respectively. The test data are recorded in Table 1 below:

[0128] Crude protein content (%) Lactic acid in rumen fluid of beef cattle (mmol / L) Fiber digestibility (%) Example 1 10.7 4.8 60.7 Example 2 10.9 4.6 61.2 Example 3 11.2 4.5 61.4 Comparative Example 1 8.5 5.4 55.3 Comparative Example 2 9.6 7.2 58.4 Comparative Example 3 9.4 5.6 50.5

[0129] Based on the above data, the following conclusions can be drawn:

[0130] (1) The crude protein content of Examples 1-3 is far superior to that of Comparative Examples 1-3. The key point is that modified cottonseed meal was added to the examples. The modified cottonseed meal has a high crude protein content, which directly determines the overall crude protein level of the diet.

[0131] (2) The lactic acid in the rumen fluid of beef cattle in Examples 1-3 is far superior to that in Comparative Examples 1-3. The key point is that by adding functional agents, the examples can inhibit the excessive reproduction of lactic acid-producing bacteria in the rumen and promote the conversion of the generated lactic acid into high-quality volatile fatty acids such as propionic acid, thereby reducing the accumulation of lactic acid in the rumen.

[0132] (3) The fiber digestibility of Examples 1-3 is far superior to that of Comparative Examples 1-3. The key point is that the Examples modify the stems of amaranth silage. During the modification process, short-time microwave treatment can penetrate the stem tissue, loosen the binding structure of lignin and cellulose, and activate the stem's own endogenous cellulase and hemicellulase, thereby increasing enzyme activity and laying the structural and enzymatic basis for fiber degradation.

[0133] Through the above demonstrations, the present invention is significantly superior to the control group in terms of crude protein content, rumen lactic acid and fiber digestibility conversion rate in beef cattle, thus verifying the advanced nature and rationality of the preparation process.

[0134] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0135] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A silage total mixed ration formulation of amaranth grain, characterized in that, The grain amaranth silage total mixed ration formula comprises the following component raw materials in parts by weight: 14-16 parts of modified grain amaranth silage stalks, 9-11 parts of grain amaranth silage leaves, 17-20 parts of corn silage, 4-6 parts of alfalfa hay, 32-35 parts of corn, 4-6 parts of modified cottonseed meal, 0.5-1.5 parts of soybean meal, 2.5-3.5 parts of wheat bran, 1.3-1.7 parts of a buffer, 0.2-0.3 parts of a functional agent, 0.2-0.4 parts of modified attapulgite, 2.8-3.2 parts of fattening cattle premix, 0.3-0.6 parts of stone powder, and 0.4-0.6 parts of salt; The preparation of the grain amaranth silage total mixed ration comprises the following steps: adding alfalfa hay, modified grain amaranth silage stalks and corn silage into a reaction kettle and stirring, adding grain amaranth silage leaves, a buffer and modified attapulgite and stirring, adding corn, modified cottonseed meal, soybean meal and wheat bran and stirring, adding a functional agent and stirring, adding fattening cattle premix, stone powder and salt and stirring, to obtain grain amaranth silage total mixed ration.

2. A silage total mixed ration formulation of Amaranthus hypochondriacus according to claim 1, characterized by, The buffer is a mixture of baking soda, magnesium oxide and bentonite; The mass ratio of the baking soda, magnesium oxide and bentonite is 7:3:

5.

3. A silage total mixed ration formulation of Amaranthus hypochondriacus according to claim 1, characterized by, The functional agent is a mixture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis; The mass ratio of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis is 4:

1.

4. A silage total mixed ration formulation of Amaranthus hypochondriacus according to claim 1, characterized by, The preparation of the modified cottonseed meal comprises the following steps: S1. Put cottonseed meal into a hammer crusher to crush, to obtain cottonseed meal particles; S2. Put the cottonseed meal particles into a reaction kettle and stir, add deionized water and stir, stop stirring, stand, add brown sugar and cornmeal and stir, stand the mixture to obtain activated mixture; S3. Put the activated mixture into the reaction kettle and stir, add sodium carbonate and stir, stop stirring, stand, add ferrous sulfate and vitamin C and stir, stop stirring, stand, start stirring, add vinegar aqueous solution and stir, add a compound microbial agent and stir, to obtain material A; S4. Put the material A into a fermentation barrel and seal, place the fermentation barrel in a constant-temperature fermentation room for fermentation, to obtain modified cottonseed meal.

5. A silage total mixed ration formulation of Amaranthus hypochondriacus according to claim 4, characterized by, The mass ratio of the cottonseed meal particles, deionized water, brown sugar, cornmeal, sodium carbonate, ferrous sulfate, vitamin C, vinegar aqueous solution and compound microbial agent is 1:1.2:0.005:0.01:0.006:0.003:0.001:0.012:0.002; The vinegar aqueous solution is a mixture of 5% acetic acid and deionized water, and the mass ratio of the 5% acetic acid and deionized water is 1:

2.

6. A silage total mixed ration formulation of Amaranthus hypochondriacus according to claim 4, characterized by, The compound microbial agent is a mixture of bran, Aspergillus oryzae spore powder, Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, Lactobacillus plantarum powder and Bacillus subtilis powder; The mass ratio of the bran, Aspergillus oryzae spore powder, Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, Lactobacillus plantarum powder and Bacillus subtilis powder is 1:3:2:2:

2.

7. A silage total mixed ration formulation of Amaranthus hypochondriacus according to claim 4, characterized by, The preparation of the modified grain amaranth silage stalks comprises the following steps: B1. Put grain amaranth silage stalks into a hay cutter to pelletize, to obtain grain amaranth silage stalk particles; B2. Put the grain amaranth silage stalk particles into a continuous microwave treatment device to dry, to obtain dried grain amaranth silage stalk particles; B3. Put the dry grain amaranth ensilage stem particles into an open soaking pool, add deionized water for soaking, use a draining basket to drain, put the drained grain amaranth ensilage stem particles on a moisture-proof pad, add probiotic liquid to obtain material B, put the material B into a fermentation barrel for sealing, and place the fermentation barrel in a constant-temperature fermentation room for fermentation to obtain modified grain amaranth ensilage stems.

8. A silage total mixed ration formulation of Amaranthus hypochondriacus according to claim 7, characterized by, The mass ratio of the dry grain amaranth ensilage stem particles, the deionized water and the probiotic liquid is 1:1.2:0.

001.

9. A silage total mixed ration formulation of Amaranthus hypochondriacus according to claim 7, characterized by, The probiotic liquid is formed by mixing Lactobacillus plantarum liquid, Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension, Bacillus subtilis liquid and brown sugar. The mass ratio of the Lactobacillus plantarum liquid, the Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension, the Bacillus subtilis liquid and the brown sugar is 3:1:1:0.

01.

10. A method of feeding a silage total mixed ration formulation of grain amaranth, using a silage total mixed ration formulation of grain amaranth as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The feeding method is to feed the beef cattle twice a day before fattening, and feed the grain amaranth ensilage total mixed ration at 2.0%-2.2% of the body weight of the beef cattle.