An integrated optical system for aerial exploration and mapping

Abstract

The application discloses an integrated optical system for detection and mapping, in particular to an integrated optical system for aerial detection and mapping, which solves the problem that the existing aerial mapping photoelectric load cannot meet the demand of high-precision and high-efficiency mapping. The optical system comprises an afocal telescope optical system, a panchromatic waveband optical system and a short-wave infrared waveband optical system; the afocal telescope optical system comprises a diaphragm, a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a telescope folding mirror, a three-mirror, a fast reflector and a beam splitter; light of a target area is incident to the primary mirror after passing through the diaphragm, is reflected by the primary mirror, reversely passes through the diaphragm and is incident to the secondary mirror, is reflected by the secondary mirror, in turn passes through the diaphragm and the inner ring through hole of the primary mirror, is incident to the telescope folding mirror, is reflected by the telescope folding mirror, the three-mirror and the fast reflector in turn, and is incident to the beam splitter; the panchromatic waveband optical system is arranged on the reflected light path of the beam splitter and is used for mapping; and the short-wave infrared waveband optical system is arranged on the transmitted light path of the beam splitter and is used for detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an integrated optical system for detection and mapping, specifically to an integrated optical system for airborne detection and mapping. Background Technology

[0002] Aerial mapping technology is a crucial component of Earth observation imaging technology, with extremely wide applications in mapmaking. With the development of aerial mapping technology, the demand for mapping distant target areas with large tilt angles (the angle between the ground normal of the target area and the optical axis of the aerial mapping electro-optical payload) is increasing, such as for long-distance detection of areas prone to flash floods and mudslides, to improve mapping efficiency and thus enhance disaster relief and rescue capabilities. However, as the tilt angle and mapping distance increase, the atmospheric transmittance from the target area to the aerial mapping electro-optical payload decreases sharply, posing a significant challenge to mapping work.

[0003] Existing mature aerial mapping photoelectric payloads are generally fixed-focus systems with a focal length of less than 400mm. Their atmospheric and cloud penetration capabilities are weak under conditions of tilt angle greater than or equal to 60° and distance greater than or equal to 20km. They are unable to obtain high-resolution images of large tilt angle and distant target areas with a tilt angle of 60° to 75° and a distance of 20km to 60km, and cannot meet the requirements of high-precision and high-efficiency mapping. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problem that existing aerial mapping photoelectric payloads are unable to obtain high-resolution images of target areas with large tilt angles and long distances, thus failing to meet the high-precision and high-efficiency mapping requirements, and to provide an integrated optical system for aerial detection and mapping.

[0005] The inventive concept of this invention is to employ a shared aperture design for a panchromatic optical system and a short-wave infrared optical system, with both systems sharing a single, afocalless telescope optical system at the front end. The panchromatic optical system utilizes a long focal length (between 700mm and 1400mm) for long-distance, high-precision mapping of the target area. The short-wave infrared optical system employs two zoom ranges (between 400mm and 600mm and between 700mm and 900mm) for long-distance detection of the target area and to guide the panchromatic optical system in completing the mapping work, thereby significantly improving mapping efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives and complete the above inventive concept, the technical solution provided by this invention is as follows:

[0007] A unique optical system integrating airborne detection and mapping features:

[0008] This includes afocal telescope optical systems, panchromatic optical systems, and shortwave infrared optical systems;

[0009] The afocalless telescope optical system includes an aperture stop, a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a telescope folding mirror, three mirrors, a fast-reflecting mirror, and a beam splitter.

[0010] The aperture stop is located between the primary mirror and the secondary mirror; the primary mirror is a ring-shaped reflecting mirror with positive optical power; the secondary mirror is a reflecting mirror with negative optical power; the telescope folding mirror is a plane reflecting mirror with no optical power; the third mirror is a reflecting mirror with positive optical power; the fast reflecting mirror is a plane reflecting mirror with no optical power.

[0011] Light from the target area enters the primary mirror after passing through the aperture, is reflected by the primary mirror, and then passes back through the aperture to the secondary mirror. After being reflected by the secondary mirror, it passes sequentially through the aperture and the inner ring through-hole of the primary mirror before entering the telescope folding mirror. After being reflected sequentially by the telescope folding mirror, the three mirrors, and the fast-reflecting mirror, it enters the beam splitter. The beam splitter is used to separate the panchromatic light and the short-wave infrared light from the target area, reflecting the panchromatic light and transmitting the short-wave infrared light.

[0012] The panchromatic optical system is set in the reflected light path of the beam splitter, with a focal length between 700mm and 1400mm, and is used to map the target area.

[0013] The short-wave infrared optical system is set in the transmission optical path of the beam splitter. It is a two-stage zoom optical system with two focal lengths between 400 mm and 600 mm and between 700 mm and 900 mm, respectively. It is used to detect the target area and guide the panchromatic optical system to complete the mapping of the target area.

[0014] Furthermore, the wavelength of the panchromatic band is between 450nm and 900nm;

[0015] The wavelength of the shortwave infrared band is between 900nm and 1700nm;

[0016] The optical axis of the primary mirror coincides with the optical axis of the aperture.

[0017] To correct the asymmetric aberrations introduced by the tilt of the three mirrors, the eccentricity of the secondary mirror is 2 mm to 6 mm; the eccentricity of the three mirrors is 55 mm to 75 mm.

[0018] Definitions: The plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the aperture is the first plumb plane; the plane defined by the optical axis of the aperture and the vertex of the reflecting surface of the secondary mirror is the second plumb plane; the plane perpendicular to both the first and second plumb planes is the first horizontal plane; the angle between the tangent plane of the vertex of the reflecting surface of the secondary mirror and the first plumb plane is the secondary mirror tilt angle α; the angle between the tangent plane of the vertex of the reflecting surface of the third mirror and the first horizontal plane is the third mirror tilt angle β; the angle between the reflecting surface of the telescope folding mirror and the first plumb plane is the telescope folding mirror tilt angle γ; the angle between the reflecting surface of the fast reflecting mirror and the first horizontal plane is the fast reflecting mirror tilt angle δ; to eliminate interference between the emitted light from the third mirror and the telescope folding mirror, the tilt angle α of the secondary mirror is 3° to 6°, and the tilt angle β of the third mirror is 15° to 25°;

[0019] In order to fold the optical path and reduce the size of the optical system, the tilt angle γ of the telescope folding mirror is 49° to 60°;

[0020] In order to perform two-dimensional oscillation compensation for the heading and oscillation image shift of the panchromatic optical system and the short-wave infrared optical system while folding the optical path and reducing the size of the optical system, the tilt angle δ of the fast reflector is 45°±5°.

[0021] Furthermore, the reflecting surface of the primary mirror is a parabolic surface;

[0022] The reflecting surfaces of the secondary mirror and the tertiary mirror are both even-order aspherical surfaces.

[0023] Furthermore, the center thicknesses of the primary mirror, secondary mirror, telescopic folding mirror, three mirrors, and fast-reflecting mirror are 12mm-20mm, 10mm-15mm, 4mm-7mm, 4mm-13mm, and 5mm-8mm, respectively; the beam splitter is a cubic beam splitter prism with a side length of 40mm-50mm.

[0024] The focal lengths of the primary mirror, secondary mirror, and tertiary mirror are 150mm~200mm, -100mm~-60mm, and 100mm~150mm, respectively, and the radii of curvature of their reflecting surfaces are -400mm~-300mm, -200mm~-120mm, and 200mm~300mm, respectively.

[0025] The lens spacings between the primary mirror and the secondary mirror, between the secondary mirror and the telescope folding mirror, between the telescope folding mirror and the third mirror, between the third mirror and the fast-reflecting mirror, and between the fast-reflecting mirror and the beam splitter are -150mm to -100mm, 180mm to 220mm, -120mm to -80mm, 80mm to 120mm, and -50mm to -10mm, respectively.

[0026] The primary mirror is made of microcrystalline glass, fused silica, or silicon carbide; the secondary mirror is made of microcrystalline glass, fused silica, or silicon carbide; the telescope folding mirror is made of microcrystalline glass or fused silica; the third mirror is made of microcrystalline glass, fused silica, or silicon carbide; the fast reflector is made of microcrystalline glass, fused silica, or silicon carbide; and the beam splitter is made of fused silica or HK9L optical glass.

[0027] Furthermore, the panchromatic optical system includes panchromatic lens I, panchromatic lens II, panchromatic lens III, panchromatic lens IV, panchromatic lens V, panchromatic lens VI, panchromatic lens VII, panchromatic lens VIII, and panchromatic lens IX arranged sequentially along the direction of light propagation;

[0028] The panchromatic lens I is a biconvex lens with positive optical power; the panchromatic lens II is a meniscus lens with negative optical power bent towards the object side; the panchromatic lens III is a biconvex lens with positive optical power; the panchromatic lens IV is a meniscus lens with positive optical power bent towards the object side; the panchromatic lens V is a biconcave lens with negative optical power; the panchromatic lens VI is a biconvex lens with positive optical power; the panchromatic lens VII is a biconcave lens with negative optical power; the panchromatic lens VIII is a meniscus lens with positive optical power bent towards the object side; and the panchromatic lens IX is a meniscus lens with positive optical power bent towards the image side.

[0029] Furthermore, the panchromatic optical system also includes a panchromatic folding mirror;

[0030] The panchromatic folding mirror is a plane mirror with no optical power, which is placed between the panchromatic lens VI and the panchromatic lens VII. The angle between its reflecting surface and the optical axis of the panchromatic lens VI is 45°±5°, which is used to fold the panchromatic optical system and reduce the size of the optical system.

[0031] Furthermore, the center thicknesses of the panchromatic lens I, panchromatic lens II, panchromatic lens III, panchromatic lens IV, panchromatic lens V, panchromatic lens VI, panchromatic folding mirror, panchromatic lens VII, panchromatic lens VIII, and panchromatic lens IX are 7mm~13mm, 2mm~5mm, 2mm~6mm, 3mm~7mm, 2mm~5mm, 4mm~9mm, 4mm~8mm, -5mm~-2mm, -10mm~-5mm, and -10mm~-5mm, respectively.

[0032] The focal lengths of the panchromatic lenses I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, and IX are 80mm-110mm, -150mm--90mm, 200mm-500mm, 130mm-240mm, -130mm--50mm, 70mm-150mm, -70mm--20mm, 400mm-800mm, and 70mm-130mm, respectively.

[0033] The lens spacings between the beam splitter and panchromatic lens I, panchromatic lens I and panchromatic lens II, panchromatic lens II and panchromatic lens III, panchromatic lens III and panchromatic lens IV, panchromatic lens IV and panchromatic lens V, panchromatic lens V and panchromatic lens VI, panchromatic lens VI and panchromatic folding mirror, panchromatic folding mirror and panchromatic lens VII, panchromatic lens VII and panchromatic lens VIII, panchromatic lens VIII and panchromatic lens IX, and panchromatic lens IX and the image plane of the panchromatic band optical system are 0.1mm~10mm, 2mm~4mm, 2mm~4mm, 0.1mm~2mm, 0.1mm~1mm, 0.1mm~1mm, 45mm~55mm, -50mm~-30mm, -7mm~-3mm, -1mm~-0.1mm, and -25mm~-5mm, respectively.

[0034] The object-side vertex curvature radius of the panchromatic lens I is 50mm to 90mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is -120mm to -50mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the panchromatic lens II is -120mm to -50mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is -∞ to -300mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the panchromatic lens III is 500mm to +∞, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is -∞ to -300mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the panchromatic lens IV is -∞ to -400mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is -200mm to -100mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the panchromatic lens V is -200mm to -100mm. m, the vertex curvature radius of the image-side surface of the panchromatic lens VI is 100mm to 200mm; the vertex curvature radius of the object-side surface of the panchromatic lens VI is 50mm to 150mm, and the vertex curvature radius of the image-side surface of the panchromatic lens VII is 20mm to 50mm, and the vertex curvature radius of the image-side surface of the panchromatic lens VII is -200mm to -100mm; the vertex curvature radius of the object-side surface of the panchromatic lens VIII is 30mm to 60mm, and the vertex curvature radius of the image-side surface of the panchromatic lens IX is -90mm to -40mm, and the vertex curvature radius of the image-side surface of the panchromatic lens IX is -250mm to -100mm;

[0035] The panchromatic lens I is made of optical glass HFK61 or HFK95N; the panchromatic lens II is made of optical glass HZLAF75A or HZLAF4LA; the panchromatic lens III is made of optical glass HZLAF90 or HZLAFLA; the panchromatic lens IV is made of optical glass HZF62 or HZF72A; the panchromatic lens V is made of optical glass HZLAF75A or HZLAF4LA; the panchromatic lens VI is made of optical glass HZK20 or HZK9B; the panchromatic folding mirror is made of fused silica, optical glass HK9L, or microcrystalline glass; the panchromatic lens VII is made of optical glass HZK20 or HZK9B; the panchromatic lens VIII is made of optical glass HQK3L or fused silica; and the panchromatic lens IX is made of optical glass HZLAF69A or HZLAF55D.

[0036] Furthermore, the shortwave infrared optical system includes shortwave lens I, shortwave lens II, shortwave lens III, shortwave lens IV, shortwave lens V, shortwave lens VI, shortwave lens VII, shortwave lens VIII and shortwave lens IX arranged sequentially along the direction of light propagation;

[0037] The short-wavelength lens I is a meniscus lens with positive optical power and bent towards the image side; the short-wavelength lens II is a biconcave lens with negative optical power; the short-wavelength lens III is a biconvex lens with positive optical power; the short-wavelength lens IV is a biconvex lens with positive optical power; the short-wavelength lens V is a biconcave lens with negative optical power; the short-wavelength lens VI is a biconvex lens with positive optical power; the short-wavelength lens VII is a biconcave lens with negative optical power; the short-wavelength lens VIII is a meniscus lens with positive optical power and bent towards the image side; and the short-wavelength lens IX is a biconcave lens with negative optical power.

[0038] The short-wavelength lens II is a zoom lens. By moving the short-wavelength lens II axially, the two focal lengths of the short-wave infrared band optical system can be switched.

[0039] Furthermore, the shortwave infrared optical system also includes a shortwave folding mirror I, a shortwave folding mirror II, and a shortwave folding mirror III;

[0040] The short-wave folding mirror I, short-wave folding mirror II, and short-wave folding mirror III are sequentially arranged between the beam splitter and the short-wave lens I along the direction of light propagation, and they are all plane mirrors without optical power.

[0041] The angle between the reflecting surface of the shortwave folding mirror I and the second plumb surface is 45°±5°, the angle between the reflecting surface of the shortwave folding mirror II and the first horizontal plane is 45°±5°, and the angle between the reflecting surface of the shortwave folding mirror III and the first plumb surface is 45°±5°, which are used to fold the shortwave infrared band optical system and reduce the size of the optical system.

[0042] Furthermore, the center thicknesses of the shortwave folding mirror I, shortwave folding mirror II, shortwave folding mirror III, shortwave lens I, shortwave lens II, shortwave lens III, shortwave lens IV, shortwave lens V, shortwave lens VI, shortwave lens VII, shortwave lens VIII, and shortwave lens IX are 4mm~8mm, 4mm~8mm, 4mm~8mm, 5mm~10mm, 2.5mm~5mm, 10mm~18mm, 14mm~20mm, 2.5mm~5mm, 14mm~20mm, 2.5mm~5mm, 3mm~7mm, and 2.5mm~5mm, respectively.

[0043] The focal lengths of the shortwave lenses I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, and IX are 150mm–300mm, -100mm–-50mm, 70mm–150mm, 70mm–150mm, -90mm–-40mm, 40mm–100mm, -100mm–-50mm, 50mm–100mm, and -100mm–-50mm, respectively.

[0044] The beam splitter is connected to short-wavelength folding mirror I, short-wavelength folding mirror I and short-wavelength folding mirror II, short-wavelength folding mirror II and short-wavelength folding mirror III, short-wavelength folding mirror III and short-wavelength lens I, short-wavelength lens I and short-wavelength lens II, short-wavelength lens II and short-wavelength lens III, short-wavelength lens III and short-wavelength lens IV, short-wavelength lens IV and short-wavelength lens V, short-wavelength lens V and short-wavelength lens VI, short-wavelength lens VI and short-wavelength lens VII, short-wavelength lens VII and short-wavelength lens VIII, short-wavelength lens VIII and short-wavelength lens IX, and short-wavelength lens IX and short-wavelength infrared band optical... The lens spacing between the image planes of the system is -50mm to -10mm, 50mm to 100mm, -100mm to -50mm, 20mm to 30mm, 24mm to 30mm / 50mm to 70mm, 30mm to 45mm / 2mm to 8mm, 0.1mm to 1mm, 0.1mm to 1mm, 0.1mm to 1mm, 1mm to 3mm, 35mm to 45mm, 3mm to 5mm, and 10mm to 25mm.

[0045] The object-side vertex curvature radius of the shortwave lens I is 50mm–80mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is 150mm–300mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the shortwave lens II is -90mm–-50mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is 140mm–250mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the shortwave lens III is 150mm–300mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is -100mm–-50mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the shortwave lens IV is 40mm–70mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is -400mm–-200mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the shortwave lens V is -800mm–... The object-side vertex curvature radius of the short-wavelength lens VI is 20mm to 40mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is -300mm to -150mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the short-wavelength lens VII is -150mm to -70mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is 400mm to 700mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the short-wavelength lens VIII is 15mm to 25mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is 20mm to 35mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the short-wavelength lens IX is -150mm to -70mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is 70mm to 150mm.

[0046] The materials for short-wave folding mirrors I, II, and III are all fused silica, microcrystalline glass, or optical glass HK9L; the material for short-wave lens I is optical glass HFK95N or HFK61; the material for short-wave lens II is optical glass HZPK1A, HZK20, or HZPK3; the material for short-wave lens III is optical glass HZPK1A, HZK20, or HZPK3; the material for short-wave lens IV is optical glass HFK95N or HFK61; the material for short-wave lens V is optical glass HQK1 or HQK3L; the material for short-wave lens VI is optical glass HFK95N or HFK61; the material for short-wave lens VII is optical glass HZF88 or HZF62; the material for short-wave lens VIII is optical glass HZF88 or HZF62; and the material for short-wave lens IX is optical glass HZPK1A, HZK20, or HZPK3.

[0047] The object shape of the short-wavelength lens VIII is an even-order aspherical surface.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0049] 1. The integrated optical system for aerial detection and mapping of this invention, on the one hand, includes a short-wave infrared optical system that is a two-stage zoom optical system, with the two focal lengths being between 400 mm and 600 mm and between 700 mm and 900 mm, respectively. Utilizing the strong penetrating power of the short-wave infrared band through clouds and fog, when the focal length is selected between 400 mm and 600 mm, it achieves wide-range detection of distant target areas at large tilt angles; when the focal length is selected between 700 mm and 900 mm, it achieves wider detection of distant target areas. With a focal length between 700mm and 900mm, detailed surveys of target areas at large tilt angles and long distances are achieved. Therefore, the short-wave infrared optical system of this invention enables efficient and high-precision detection of target areas at large tilt angles and long distances, and can efficiently guide the panchromatic optical system to map the target area, significantly improving mapping efficiency. On the other hand, the panchromatic optical system has a focal length between 700mm and 1400mm, which is relatively long. Therefore, the panchromatic optical system of this invention can obtain high-resolution images of target areas at large tilt angles and long distances. Thus, this invention solves the technical problem that existing aerial mapping photoelectric payloads are unable to obtain high-resolution images of target areas at large tilt angles and long distances, and cannot meet their high-precision and high-efficiency mapping requirements. The integrated optical system for aerial detection and mapping of this invention can achieve a vertical resolution of 0.116m and a ground resolution of 0.45m when the tilt angle is 75° and the distance is 20km; when the tilt angle is 75° and the distance is 60km, the vertical resolution can reach 0.348m and the ground resolution can reach 1.35m. It can achieve high-precision and efficient mapping of large tilt angle and long-distance target areas within 75° and 60km.

[0050] 2. The integrated optical system for aerial detection and mapping of the present invention features a shared aperture design for a panchromatic optical system used for target area mapping and a short-wave infrared optical system used for target area detection. The two optical systems share a common front-end afocal telescope optical system, which reduces the size and weight of the entire system and achieves a miniaturized and lightweight design.

[0051] 3. The afocalless telescope optical system in the integrated optical system for aerial detection and mapping of this invention achieves incident optical collimation through three reflecting mirrors: the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the third mirror, thus avoiding the problem of difficult chromatic aberration correction introduced by the traditional cassette structure with correction mirror group. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figure 1 The optical path diagrams of the afocal telescope optical system and the panchromatic optical system in the embodiments of the present invention are shown (the short-wave infrared optical system is also shown in the figure).

[0053] Figure 2The diagram shows the optical path of the long focal length of the afocal telescope optical system and the short-wave infrared optical system in the embodiments of the present invention (the diagram also shows the panchromatic optical system).

[0054] Figure 3 The diagram shows the optical path of the afocal telescope optical system and the short-focal-length infrared optical system in the embodiments of the present invention (the panchromatic optical system is also shown in the diagram).

[0055] Figure 4 This is an optical path diagram of the afocal telescope optical system in an embodiment of the present invention (the beam splitter is not shown in the figure).

[0056] Figure 5 This is the optical path diagram of the fast reflector in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 6 This is the diffraction modulation transfer function for the panchromatic band (focal length 1100mm) in this embodiment of the invention.

[0058] Figure 7 This is the diffraction modulation transfer function for the short-focal length (550mm) short-wave infrared band in this embodiment of the invention.

[0059] Figure 8 This is the diffraction modulation transfer function of the short-wave infrared band long focal length (focal length 840mm) in this embodiment of the invention.

[0060] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0061] 1-Afocalless telescope optical system; 11-Aperture; 12-Primary mirror; 13-Secondary mirror; 14-Telescope folding mirror; 15-Third mirror; 16-Fast-reflecting mirror; 17-Beam splitter; 2-Panchromatic optical system; 21-Panchromatic lens I; 22-Panchromatic lens II; 23-Panchromatic lens III; 24-Panchromatic lens IV; 25-Panchromatic lens V; 26-Panchromatic lens VI; 27-Panchromatic folding mirror; 28-Panchromatic lens VII; 29-Panchromatic lens VIII; 210-Panchromatic lens IX, 211 - Image plane of panchromatic optical system, 3 - Short-wave infrared optical system, 31 - Short-wave folding mirror I, 32 - Short-wave folding mirror II, 33 - Short-wave folding mirror III, 34 - Short-wave lens I, 35 - Short-wave lens II, 36 - Short-wave lens III, 37 - Short-wave lens IV, 38 - Short-wave lens V, 39 - Short-wave lens VI, 310 - Short-wave lens VII, 311 - Short-wave lens VIII, 312 - Short-wave lens IX, 313 - Image plane of short-wave infrared optical system. Detailed Implementation

[0062] To make the objectives, advantages, and features of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 This invention discloses an integrated optical system for airborne detection and mapping, comprising an afocal telescope optical system 1, a panchromatic optical system 2, and a shortwave infrared optical system 3. In this invention, the wavelength of the panchromatic band is between 450 nm and 900 nm; the wavelength of the shortwave infrared band is between 900 nm and 1700 nm.

[0064] See Figure 1 The aforementioned afocal telescope optical system 1 includes an aperture stop 11, a primary mirror 12, a secondary mirror 13, a telescope folding mirror 14, a third mirror 15, a fast-reflecting mirror 16, and a beam splitter 17; the aperture stop 11 is located between the primary mirror 12 and the secondary mirror 13; the primary mirror 12 is a ring-shaped mirror with positive optical power; the secondary mirror 13 is a mirror with negative optical power; the telescope folding mirror 14 is a plane mirror with no optical power; the third mirror 15 is a mirror with positive optical power; the fast-reflecting mirror 16 is a plane mirror with no optical power; see also Figure 1 and Figure 4 The light from the target area enters the primary mirror 12 after passing through the aperture 11. After being reflected by the primary mirror 12, it passes back through the aperture 11 and enters the secondary mirror 13. After being reflected by the secondary mirror 13, it passes through the inner ring through-hole of the aperture 11 and the primary mirror 12 in sequence, and then enters the telescope folding mirror 14. After being reflected by the telescope folding mirror 14, the three mirrors 15, and the fast-reflecting mirror 16 in sequence, it enters the beam splitter 17. The beam splitter 17 is used to separate the panchromatic light and the short-wave infrared light from the target area, reflecting the panchromatic light and transmitting the short-wave infrared light. In this invention, the wavelength is 450nm~ The light reflected between 900nm and 1700nm is transmitted. For light with a wavelength of 900nm at the boundary between the panchromatic band and the short-wave infrared band, part of the light is reflected by the beam splitter 17 into the panchromatic band optical system 2, and the other part of the light is transmitted by the beam splitter 17 into the short-wave infrared band optical system 3. In this embodiment, the reflecting surface of the primary mirror 12 is preferably a parabolic surface, the reflecting surfaces of the secondary mirror 13 and the third mirror 15 are preferably even-order aspherical surfaces, and the beam splitter 17 is preferably a cubic beam splitter prism.

[0065] See Figure 4To simplify the optical path, in this embodiment, the optical axis of the primary mirror 12 is aligned with the optical axis of the aperture stop 11. To better correct the asymmetric aberrations introduced by the tilt of the three mirrors 15, the eccentricity of the secondary mirror 13 is preferably 2mm to 6mm, and the eccentricity of the three mirrors 15 is preferably 55mm to 75mm. In this embodiment, the eccentricity of the secondary mirror 13 is 4.6mm, and the eccentricity of the three mirrors 15 is 61.2mm. The eccentricity of the secondary mirror 13 refers to the offset distance of the curvature center of the vertex of the secondary mirror 13's reflecting surface from the intermediate axis of the output light from the primary mirror 12. The eccentricity of the three mirrors 15 refers to the offset distance of the rotationally symmetric vertex of the reflecting surface of the three mirrors 15 from the intersection point of the intermediate axis of the output light from the telescope folding mirror 14 and its reflecting surface.

[0066] See Figure 4 and Figure 5 Defined as follows: the plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the aperture 11 is the first plumb plane; the plane defined by the optical axis of the aperture 11 and the vertex of the reflecting surface of the secondary mirror 13 is the second plumb plane; the plane perpendicular to both the first and second plumb planes is the first horizontal plane; the angle between the tangent plane of the vertex of the reflecting surface of the secondary mirror 13 and the first plumb plane is the secondary mirror tilt angle α; the angle between the tangent plane of the vertex of the reflecting surface of the third mirror 15 and the first horizontal plane is the third mirror tilt angle β; the angle between the reflecting surface of the telescope folding mirror 14 and the first plumb plane is the telescope folding mirror tilt angle γ; the angle between the reflecting surface of the fast reflecting mirror 16 and the first horizontal plane is the fast reflecting mirror tilt angle δ; in order to eliminate the interference between the light emitted from the third mirror 15 and the telescope folding mirror 14, the secondary mirror tilt angle α is preferably 3° to 6°, and the third mirror tilt angle β is preferably 15° to 25°; in this embodiment, the secondary mirror tilt angle α is 4°, and the third mirror tilt angle β is 22°. To fold the optical path and reduce the size of the optical system, the tilt angle γ of the aforementioned telescope folding mirror is preferably 49° to 60°; in this embodiment, the tilt angle γ of the telescope folding mirror is 56°. To simultaneously fold the optical path and reduce the size of the optical system while performing two-dimensional oscillation compensation for the heading and scanning image shift of the panchromatic optical system and the short-wave infrared optical system, the tilt angle δ of the aforementioned fast reflector is preferably 45° ± 5°; in this embodiment, the tilt angle δ of the fast reflector is 45°.

[0067] In practical operation, the integrated optical system for aerial detection and mapping of this invention configures the lenses in the aforementioned afocal telescope optical system 1 with reference to the following parameters to achieve better results:

[0068] The center thicknesses of the primary mirror 12, secondary mirror 13, telescopic folding mirror 14, third mirror 15, and fast reflector 16 are preferably 12mm-20mm, 10mm-15mm, 4mm-7mm, 4mm-13mm, and 5mm-8mm, respectively; the side length of the beam splitter 17 is preferably 40mm-50mm. In this embodiment, the center thicknesses of the primary mirror 12, secondary mirror 13, telescopic folding mirror 14, third mirror 15, and fast reflector 16, and the side length of the beam splitter 17 are shown in Table 1.

[0069] The focal lengths of the primary mirror 12, secondary mirror 13, and tertiary mirror 15 are preferably 150mm-200mm, -100mm--60mm, and 100mm-150mm, respectively, and the radii of curvature of their reflecting surfaces are preferably -400mm--300mm, -200mm--120mm, and 200mm-300mm, respectively. In this embodiment, the focal lengths of the primary mirror 12, secondary mirror 13, and tertiary mirror 15 are 181.3mm, -70mm, and 120.9mm, respectively, and the radii of curvature of their reflecting surfaces are shown in Table 1.

[0070] The lens spacing between the primary mirror 12 and the secondary mirror 13, the secondary mirror 13 and the telephoto folding mirror 14, the telephoto folding mirror 14 and the third mirror 15, the third mirror 15 and the fast-reflecting mirror 16, and the fast-reflecting mirror 16 and the beam splitter 17 are preferably -150mm to -100mm, 180mm to 220mm, -120mm to -80mm, 80mm to 120mm, and -50mm to -10mm, respectively. In this embodiment, the lens spacing between the primary mirror 12 and the secondary mirror 13, the secondary mirror 13 and the telephoto folding mirror 14, the telephoto folding mirror 14 and the third mirror 15, the third mirror 15 and the fast-reflecting mirror 16, and the fast-reflecting mirror 16 and the beam splitter 17 are shown in the "Spacing between the primary mirror 12 and the next mirror along the optical path" column in Table 1.

[0071] The primary mirror 12 is preferably made of microcrystalline glass, fused silica, or silicon carbide; the secondary mirror 13 is preferably made of microcrystalline glass, fused silica, or silicon carbide; the telescope folding mirror 14 is preferably made of microcrystalline glass or fused silica; the third mirror 15 is preferably made of microcrystalline glass, fused silica, or silicon carbide; the fast reflector 16 is preferably made of microcrystalline glass, fused silica, or silicon carbide; and the beam splitter 17 is preferably made of fused silica or HK9L optical glass. The materials of the primary mirror 12, secondary mirror 13, telescope folding mirror 14, third mirror 15, fast reflector 16, and beam splitter 17 in this embodiment are shown in Table 1.

[0072] Table 1: Specific parameters of each lens in the afocal telescope optical system of this embodiment

[0073]

[0074] Note: The sign of the values ​​in the "Vertex Curvature Radius" column in Table 1 is related to the sign of the radius of curvature of the vertex of the corresponding face of the lens and the number of times (N) the light is reflected when it propagates from the entrance of the optical system to the lens (including the lens). When N is odd, the sign of the value is opposite to the sign of the radius of curvature of the vertex of the corresponding face of the lens; when N is even, the sign of the value is the same as the sign of the radius of curvature of the vertex of the corresponding face of the lens. The sign of the radius of curvature of the vertex of the corresponding face of the lens refers to the light passing through the lens according to the propagation direction of the light along the lens in this invention, assuming that the lens is the only element in the optical path. The sign of the radius of curvature at the vertex of the corresponding surface of the lens; the sign of the value in the "distance from the next lens along the optical path" column is related to the number of times N the light is reflected when the light propagates from the entrance of the optical system to the lens (including the lens); when N is odd, it is a negative value; when N is even, it is a positive value; the data written in the "center thickness" column of beam splitter 17 is the side length of beam splitter 17, in mm; the two data written in the "distance from the next lens along the optical path" column of beam splitter 17, of which 7 is its distance from the panchromatic lens I 21 described below, and -20 is its distance from the short-wave folding mirror I 31 described below.

[0075] See Figure 1 The aforementioned panchromatic optical system 2 is set on the reflected light path of the aforementioned beam splitter 17, and its focal length is between 700mm and 1400mm, used to realize the mapping of the target area.

[0076] See Figure 1 The panchromatic optical system 2 in this embodiment includes panchromatic lenses I 21, II 22, III 23, IV 24, V 25, VI 26, VII 28, VIII 29, and IX 210 arranged sequentially along the light propagation direction. To fold the panchromatic optical system 2 and reduce its size, the system preferably also includes a panchromatic folding mirror 27. The panchromatic folding mirror 27 is disposed between the panchromatic lenses VI 26 and VII 28, and the angle between its reflecting surface and the optical axis of the panchromatic lens VI 26 is preferably 45° ± 5°. In this embodiment, the angle between the reflecting surface of the panchromatic folding mirror 27 and the optical axis of the panchromatic lens VI 26 is 45°.

[0077] In this embodiment, the panchromatic lens I 21 is a biconvex lens with positive optical power; the panchromatic lens II 22 is a meniscus lens with negative optical power bent towards the object side; the panchromatic lens III 23 is a biconvex lens with positive optical power; the panchromatic lens IV 24 is a meniscus lens with positive optical power bent towards the object side; the panchromatic lens V 25 is a biconcave lens with negative optical power; the panchromatic lens VI 26 is a biconvex lens with positive optical power; the panchromatic folding mirror 27 is a plane mirror with no optical power; the panchromatic lens VII 28 is a biconcave lens with negative optical power; the panchromatic lens VIII 29 is a meniscus lens with positive optical power bent towards the object side; and the panchromatic lens IX 210 is a meniscus lens with positive optical power bent towards the image side.

[0078] In practical operation, the integrated optical system for airborne detection and mapping of this invention configures each lens in the panchromatic optical system 2 with reference to the following parameters to achieve better results:

[0079] The preferred center thicknesses of the aforementioned panchromatic lenses I 21, II 22, III 23, IV 24, V 25, VI 26, folding mirror 27, VII 28, VIII 29, and IX 210 are 7mm–13mm, 2mm–5mm, 2mm–6mm, 3mm–7mm, 2mm–5mm, 4mm–9mm, 4mm–8mm, -5mm–-2mm, -10mm–-5mm, and -10mm–-5mm, respectively. The center thicknesses of each lens in the panchromatic band optical system 2 in this embodiment are shown in Table 2.

[0080] The preferred focal lengths of the aforementioned panchromatic lenses I21, II2, III23, IV24, V25, VI26, VII28, VIII29, and IX210 are 80mm–110mm, -150mm–-90mm, 200mm–500mm, 130mm–240mm, -130mm–-50mm, 70mm–150mm, -70mm–-20mm, and 400mm, respectively. m~800mm, 70mm~130mm; in this embodiment, the focal lengths of panchromatic lenses I 21, II 22, III 23, IV 24, V 25, VI 26, VII 28, VIII 29, and IX 210 are 94.2mm, -117.5mm, 381.7mm, 184.6mm, -80.5mm, 109.8mm, -48.1mm, 571mm, and 76.2mm, respectively.

[0081] The aforementioned beam splitter 17 and the lenses between panchromatic lens I 21, panchromatic lens I 21 and panchromatic lens II 22, panchromatic lens II 22 and panchromatic lens III 23, panchromatic lens III 23 and panchromatic lens IV 24, panchromatic lens IV 24 and panchromatic lens V 25, panchromatic lens V 25 and panchromatic lens VI 26, panchromatic lens VI 26 and panchromatic folding mirror 27, panchromatic folding mirror 27 and panchromatic lens VII 28, panchromatic lens VII 28 and panchromatic lens VIII 29, panchromatic lens VIII 29 and panchromatic lens IX 210, and panchromatic lens IX 210 and the image plane 211 of the panchromatic band optical system are respectively connected. The preferred intervals are 0.1mm~10mm, 2mm~4mm, 2mm~4mm, 0.1mm~2mm, 0.1mm~1mm, 0.1mm~1mm, 45mm~55mm, -50mm~-30mm, -7mm~-3mm, -1mm~-0.1mm, and -25mm~-5mm, respectively. In this embodiment, the lens interval between the beam splitter 17 and the panchromatic lens I21 is 7mm, as shown in Table 1. The intervals between each lens in the panchromatic optical system 2 and the next lens along the optical path are shown in Table 2.

[0082] The object-side vertex curvature radius of the panchromatic lens I 21 is preferably 50mm to 90mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is preferably -120mm to -50mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the panchromatic lens II 22 is preferably -120mm to -50mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is preferably -∞ to -300mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the panchromatic lens III 23 is preferably 500mm. The object-side vertex curvature radius of the panchromatic lens IV24 is preferably -∞ to -400 mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is preferably -200 mm to -100 mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the panchromatic lens V25 is preferably -200 mm to -100 mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is preferably 100 mm to +∞. The object-side vertex curvature radius of the panchromatic lens VI26 is preferably 50mm to 150mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is preferably -300mm to -150mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the panchromatic lens VII28 is preferably 20mm to 50mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is preferably -200mm to -100mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the panchromatic lens VIII29 is preferably 30mm to 60mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is preferably 30mm to 60mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the panchromatic lens IX210 is preferably -90mm to -40mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is preferably -250mm to -100mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius and image-side vertex curvature radius of each lens in the panchromatic band optical system 2 in this embodiment are shown in Table 2.

[0083] The material of the aforementioned panchromatic lens I 21 is preferably optical glass HFK61 or HFK95N; the material of panchromatic lens II 22 is preferably optical glass HZLAF75A or HZLAF4LA; the material of panchromatic lens III 23 is preferably optical glass HZLAF90 or HZLAFLA; the material of panchromatic lens IV 24 is preferably optical glass HZF62 or HZF72A; the material of panchromatic lens V 25 is preferably optical glass HZLAF75A or HZLAF4LA; and the material of panchromatic lens VI 26 is... The preferred materials are optical glass HZK20 or HZK9B; the preferred materials for panchromatic folding mirror 27 are fused silica, optical glass HK9L, or microcrystalline glass; the preferred materials for panchromatic lens VII 28 are optical glass HZK20 or HZK9B; the preferred materials for panchromatic lens VIII 29 are optical glass HQK3L or fused silica; the preferred materials for panchromatic lens IX 210 are optical glass HZLAF69A or HZLAF55D; the materials of each lens in the panchromatic band optical system 2 in this embodiment are shown in Table 2.

[0084] In this embodiment, the panchromatic lens I 21, panchromatic lens II 22, panchromatic lens III 23, panchromatic lens IV 24, panchromatic lens V 25, and panchromatic lens VI 26 in the panchromatic band optical system 2 form a focusing group to achieve clear imaging within the range of -40℃ to +60℃.

[0085] Table 2: Specific parameters of each lens in the panchromatic optical system of this embodiment

[0086]

[0087] Note: In Table 2, since both the object-side and image-side mirrors of the panchromatic folding mirror 27 are its reflecting surfaces, the "Object-side Surface Shape" and "Image-side Surface Shape" columns for the panchromatic folding mirror 27 are merged, and the "Object-side Surface Vertex Curvature Radius" and "Image-side Surface Vertex Curvature Radius" columns are merged; the meanings of the positive and negative values ​​in the "Object-side Surface Vertex Curvature Radius" and "Image-side Surface Vertex Curvature Radius" columns are the same as those in the "Vertex Curvature Radius" column in Table 1 above; "Along the light path and below..." The meaning of the positive and negative values ​​in the "Interval of a Lens" column is the same as that in Table 1 above; the "-" before the values ​​in the "Center Thickness" column of panchromatic lenses VII28, VIII29, and IX210 only indicates that the direction of light transmission has changed due to reflection by the panchromatic folding mirror 27; the data in the "Interval with the Next Lens along the Light Path" column corresponding to panchromatic lens IX210 refers to the interval between panchromatic lens IX210 and the image plane 211 of the panchromatic band optical system.

[0088] See Figure 2 and Figure 3The aforementioned short-wave infrared optical system 3 is set in the transmission optical path of the aforementioned beam splitter 17. It is a two-stage zoom optical system with two focal lengths between 400 mm and 600 mm and between 700 mm and 900 mm, respectively. It is used to detect the target area and guide the aforementioned panchromatic optical system 2 to complete the mapping of the target area.

[0089] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 The short-wave infrared optical system 3 in this embodiment includes short-wave lens I 34, short-wave lens II 35, short-wave lens III 36, short-wave lens IV 37, short-wave lens V 38, short-wave lens VI 39, short-wave lens VII 310, short-wave lens VIII 311, and short-wave lens IX 312 arranged sequentially along the light propagation direction. To fold the short-wave infrared optical system 3 and reduce its volume, the short-wave infrared optical system 3 in this embodiment preferably also includes a short-wave folding mirror I 31 and a short-wave folding mirror II 32. And a short-wave folding mirror III 33; short-wave folding mirrors I 31, II 32, and III 33 are sequentially arranged between the beam splitter 17 and the short-wave lens I 34 along the direction of light propagation; the angle between the reflecting surface of short-wave folding mirror I 31 and the second plumb surface is preferably 45°±5°; the angle between the reflecting surface of short-wave folding mirror II 32 and the first horizontal plane is preferably 45°±5°; the angle between the reflecting surface of short-wave folding mirror III 33 and the first plumb surface is preferably 45°±5°. In this embodiment, the angle between the reflecting surface of short-wave folding mirror I 31 and the second plumb surface, the angle between the reflecting surface of short-wave folding mirror II 32 and the first horizontal plane, and the angle between the reflecting surface of short-wave folding mirror III 33 and the first plumb surface are all 45°.

[0090] In this embodiment, the short-wave folding mirrors I 31, II 32, and III 33 are all planar reflecting mirrors with no optical power; short-wave lens I 34 is a meniscus lens with positive optical power bent towards the image side; short-wave lens II 35 is a biconcave lens with negative optical power; short-wave lens III 36 is a biconvex lens with positive optical power; short-wave lens IV 37 is a biconvex lens with positive optical power; short-wave lens V 38 is a biconcave lens with negative optical power; short-wave lens VI 39 is a biconvex lens with positive optical power; short-wave lens VII 310 is a biconcave lens with negative optical power; short-wave lens VIII 311 is a meniscus lens with positive optical power bent towards the image side; short-wave lens IX 312 is a biconcave lens with negative optical power; in this embodiment, the object surface of the short-wave lens VIII 311 is preferably an even-order aspherical surface.

[0091] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 The aforementioned shortwave lens II 35 is a zoom lens. By axially moving the shortwave lens II 35, the two focal lengths of the shortwave infrared band optical system 3 can be switched. Figure 2 This is an optical path diagram of the long focal length of the afocal telescope optical system and the short-wave infrared band optical system in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 3 This is the optical path diagram of the afocalless telescope optical system and the short-focal-length short-wave infrared band optical system in this embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, when the short-wave lens II 35 is in... Figure 2 At this position, the focal length of the optical system is 840mm; when the shortwave lens II 35 is in Figure 3 At this position, the focal length of the optical system is 550mm.

[0092] In practical operation, the integrated optical system for aerial detection and mapping of this invention configures each lens in the aforementioned short-wave infrared band optical system 3 with reference to the following parameters to achieve better results:

[0093] The center thicknesses of the aforementioned shortwave folding mirror I 31, shortwave folding mirror II 32, shortwave folding mirror III 33, shortwave lens I 34, shortwave lens II 35, shortwave lens III 36, shortwave lens IV 37, shortwave lens V 38, shortwave lens VI 39, shortwave lens VII 310, shortwave lens VIII 311, and shortwave lens IX 312 are preferably 4mm~8mm, 4mm~8mm, 4mm~8mm, 5mm~10mm, 2.5mm~5mm, 10mm~18mm, 14mm~20mm, 2.5mm~5mm, 14mm~20mm, 2.5mm~5mm, 3mm~7mm, and 2.5mm~5mm, respectively. The center thicknesses of each lens in the shortwave infrared band optical system 3 in this embodiment are shown in Table 3.

[0094] The preferred focal lengths of the aforementioned shortwave lenses I34, II35, III36, IV37, V38, VI39, VII310, VIII311, and IX312 are 150mm–300mm, -100mm–-50mm, 70mm–150mm, 70mm–150mm, -90mm–-40mm, 40mm–100mm, -100mm–-50mm, and 50mm, respectively. ~100mm, -100mm~-50mm; In this embodiment, the focal lengths of shortwave lens I 34, shortwave lens II 35, shortwave lens III 36, shortwave lens IV 37, shortwave lens V 38, shortwave lens VI 39, shortwave lens VII 310, shortwave lens VIII 311, and shortwave lens IX 312 are 206mm, -76.2mm, 101.1mm, 102.7mm, -67.7mm, 68.4mm, -89.7mm, 74.4mm, and -76.2mm, respectively.

[0095] The aforementioned beam splitter 17 and the mirrors between the following short-wavelength folding mirrors are: I 31, II 32, III 33, I 34, II 35, III 36, IV 37, V 38, VI 39, VII 310, VIII 311, IX 312, and the image plane 313 of the short-wavelength infrared band optical system. The preferred lens spacings are -50mm to -10mm, 50mm to 100mm, -100mm to -50mm, 20mm to 30mm, 24mm to 30mm / 50mm to 70mm, 30mm to 45mm / 2mm to 8mm, 0.1mm to 1mm, 0.1mm to 1mm, 0.1mm to 1mm, 1mm to 3mm, 35mm to 45mm, 3mm to 5mm, and 10mm to 25mm. In this embodiment, the lens spacing between the beam splitter 17 and the short-wave folding mirror I 31 is shown in Table 1 and is -20mm. The spacing between each lens in the short-wave infrared band optical system 3 and the next lens along the optical path is shown in Table 3.

[0096] The object-side vertex curvature radius of the aforementioned shortwave lens I 34 is preferably 50mm to 80mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is preferably 150mm to 300mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the shortwave lens II 35 is preferably -90mm to -50mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is preferably 140mm to 250mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the shortwave lens III 36 is preferably 150mm to 300mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is preferably -100mm to -50mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the shortwave lens IV 37 is preferably 40mm to 70mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is preferably -400mm to -200mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the shortwave lens V 38 is preferably -800mm to -500mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is preferably 20mm. The object-side vertex curvature radius of the short-wavelength lens VI39 is preferably 20mm to 40mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is preferably -300mm to -150mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the short-wavelength lens VII310 is preferably -150mm to -70mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is preferably 400mm to 700mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the short-wavelength lens VIII311 is preferably 15mm to 25mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is preferably 20mm to 35mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the short-wavelength lens IX312 is preferably -150mm to -70mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is preferably 70mm to 150mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius and image-side vertex curvature radius of each lens in the short-wavelength infrared band optical system 3 in this embodiment are shown in Table 3.

[0097] The materials used for the aforementioned shortwave folding mirrors I 31, II 32, and III 33 are preferably fused silica, microcrystalline glass, or HK9L optical glass; the material for shortwave lens I 34 is preferably HFK95N or HFK61 optical glass; the material for shortwave lens II 35 is preferably HZPK1A, HZK20, or HZPK3 optical glass; the material for shortwave lens III 36 is preferably HZPK1A, HZK20, or HZPK3 optical glass; and the material for shortwave lens IV 37 is preferably HFK95N or HFK6 optical glass. 1; The material of short-wavelength lens V38 is preferably optical glass HQK1 or HQK3L; the material of short-wavelength lens VI39 is preferably optical glass HFK95N or HFK61; the material of short-wavelength lens VII310 is preferably optical glass HZF88 or HZF62; the material of short-wavelength lens VIII311 is preferably optical glass HZF88 or HZF62; the material of short-wavelength lens IX312 is preferably optical glass HZPK1A, HZK20 or HZPK3; the materials of each lens in the short-wavelength infrared band optical system 3 in this embodiment are shown in Table 3.

[0098] In this embodiment, the short-wavelength lens II 35 in the short-wavelength infrared optical system 3 above serves as both a zoom lens and a focusing lens, enabling clear imaging within the range of -40℃ to +60℃.

[0099] Table 3: Specific parameters of each lens in the short-wave infrared band optical system of this embodiment

[0100]

[0101] Note: In Table 3, since the object-side and image-side mirrors of shortwave folding mirrors I31, II32, and III33 are all their reflecting surfaces, the "Object-side Profile" and "Image-side Profile" columns for these mirrors are merged, as are the "Object-side Surface Vertex Curvature Radius" and "Image-side Surface Vertex Curvature Radius" columns. The meanings of the positive and negative values ​​in the "Object-side Surface Vertex Curvature Radius" and "Image-side Surface Vertex Curvature Radius" columns are the same as those in Table 1 above. The meanings of positive and negative values ​​in the "Radius" column are the same; the meanings of positive and negative values ​​in the "Distance from the Next Lens along the Optical Path" column are the same as those in Table 1 above; the "Distance from the Next Lens along the Optical Path" column for short-wavelength lens I 34 and short-wavelength lens II 35 has two data points, which are the distances from the next lens along the optical path corresponding to the two focal lengths respectively; the data in the "Distance from the Next Lens along the Optical Path" column for short-wavelength lens IX 312 refers to the distance between short-wavelength lens IX 312 and the image plane 313 of the short-wave infrared band optical system.

[0102] The expressions for even-order aspherical surfaces mentioned in the lens surface types of Tables 1, 2, and 3 above are as follows:

[0103] ;

[0104] In the formula: Z is the sag of the even-order aspherical surface along the optical axis at a point with height r; r is the height; c is the vertex curvature, which is the reciprocal of the radius of curvature; k, A, B, C, and D are aspherical coefficients.

[0105] In this embodiment of the integrated optical system for airborne detection and mapping, the panchromatic optical system 2 has a focal length of 1100mm, an F-number of 5.5, a field of view of 1.72°×1.32°, a matched detector array of 5120×4096, and a pixel size of 6.4μm; the shortwave infrared optical system 3 has a focal length of 550mm / 840mm, an F-number of 3.5 / 5.8, a field of view of 1.04°×0.84° / 0.66°×0.54°, a matched detector array of 640×512, and a pixel size of 15μm.

[0106] Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 The figures show the diffraction modulation transfer functions for the panchromatic band, the short-focal-length short-wave infrared band, and the long-focal-length short-wave infrared band, respectively, in the embodiments of the present invention. As can be seen from the figures, the optical system has good imaging quality and can meet the requirements of aerial detection and mapping.

[0107] During operation, a short-focal-length short-wave infrared optical system is used to achieve wide-area detection of target areas at large tilt angles and distances; a long-focal-length short-wave infrared optical system is used to achieve detailed investigation of target areas at large tilt angles and distances; and a panchromatic optical system is used to obtain high-resolution images of target areas at large tilt angles and distances.

[0108] In summary, the integrated optical system for aerial detection and mapping of this invention can achieve high-precision and efficient mapping of target areas with large tilt angles within 75° and distances within 60km.

[0109] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated optical system for airborne detection and mapping, characterized in that: Including a focusless telescope optical system (1), a panchromatic optical system (2) and a short-wave infrared optical system (3); The afocal telescope optical system (1) includes an aperture stop (11), a primary mirror (12), a secondary mirror (13), a telescope folding mirror (14), a third mirror (15), a fast-reflecting mirror (16), and a beam splitter (17). The aperture stop (11) is located between the primary mirror (12) and the secondary mirror (13); the primary mirror (12) is a ring-shaped mirror with positive optical power; the secondary mirror (13) is a mirror with negative optical power; the telescope folding mirror (14) is a plane mirror with no optical power; the third mirror (15) is a mirror with positive optical power; the fast reflector (16) is a plane mirror with no optical power. The light from the target area enters the primary mirror (12) after passing through the aperture (11). After being reflected by the primary mirror (12), it passes back through the aperture (11) and enters the secondary mirror (13). After being reflected by the secondary mirror (13), it passes through the inner ring through-hole of the aperture (11) and the primary mirror (12) in sequence, and then enters the telescope folding mirror (14). After being reflected by the telescope folding mirror (14), the three mirrors (15), and the fast reflection mirror (16) in sequence, it enters the beam splitter (17). The beam splitter (17) is used to separate the panchromatic light and the short-wave infrared light from the target area, reflecting the panchromatic light and transmitting the short-wave infrared light. The wavelength of the panchromatic light is between 450nm and 900nm. The wavelength of the short-wave infrared light is between 900nm and 1700nm. The panchromatic optical system (2) is set on the reflected light path of the beam splitter (17), with a focal length between 700mm and 1400mm, and is used to map the target area. The short-wave infrared optical system (3) is set on the transmission light path of the beam splitter (17). It is a two-stage zoom optical system with two focal lengths between 400 mm and 600 mm and between 700 mm and 900 mm, respectively. It is used to detect the target area and guide the panchromatic optical system (2) to complete the mapping of the target area. The optical axis of the primary mirror (12) coincides with the optical axis of the aperture (11); The eccentricity of the secondary mirror (13) is 2mm to 6mm; The eccentricity of the three mirrors (15) is 55 mm to 75 mm; Definitions: The plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the aperture (11) is the first plumb plane; the plane defined by the optical axis of the aperture (11) and the vertex of the reflecting surface of the secondary mirror (13) is the second plumb plane; the plane perpendicular to both the first and second plumb planes is the first horizontal plane; the angle between the tangent plane of the vertex of the reflecting surface of the secondary mirror (13) and the first plumb plane is the secondary mirror tilt angle α; the angle between the tangent plane of the vertex of the reflecting surface of the third mirror (15) and the first horizontal plane is the third mirror tilt angle β; the angle between the reflecting surface of the telescope folding mirror (14) and the first plumb plane is the telescope folding mirror tilt angle γ; the angle between the reflecting surface of the fast reflecting mirror (16) and the first horizontal plane is the fast reflecting mirror tilt angle δ. The tilt angle α of the secondary mirror is 3° to 6°, and the tilt angle β of the third mirror is 15° to 25°; The tilt angle γ of the telescope folding mirror is 49° to 60°; The tilt angle δ of the fast reflector is 45°±5°; The shortwave infrared optical system (3) includes shortwave lens I (34), shortwave lens II (35), shortwave lens III (36), shortwave lens IV (37), shortwave lens V (38), shortwave lens VI (39), shortwave lens VII (310), shortwave lens VIII (311) and shortwave lens IX (312) arranged sequentially along the direction of light propagation. The short-wavelength lens I (34) is a meniscus lens with positive optical power and bent towards the image side; the short-wavelength lens II (35) is a biconcave lens with negative optical power; the short-wavelength lens III (36) is a biconvex lens with positive optical power; the short-wavelength lens IV (37) is a biconvex lens with positive optical power; the short-wavelength lens V (38) is a biconcave lens with negative optical power; the short-wavelength lens VI (39) is a biconvex lens with positive optical power; the short-wavelength lens VII (310) is a biconcave lens with negative optical power; the short-wavelength lens VIII (311) is a meniscus lens with positive optical power and bent towards the image side; the short-wavelength lens IX (312) is a biconcave lens with negative optical power. The short-wavelength lens II (35) is a zoom lens. By moving the short-wavelength lens II (35) axially, the two focal lengths of the short-wavelength infrared band optical system (3) can be switched.

2. The integrated optical system for airborne detection and mapping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reflecting surface of the primary mirror (12) is a parabolic surface; The reflecting surfaces of the secondary mirror (13) and the tertiary mirror (15) are both even-order aspherical surfaces.

3. The integrated optical system for airborne detection and mapping according to claim 2, characterized in that: The center thicknesses of the primary mirror (12), secondary mirror (13), telescopic folding mirror (14), third mirror (15), and fast reflecting mirror (16) are 12mm-20mm, 10mm-15mm, 4mm-7mm, 4mm-13mm, and 5mm-8mm, respectively; the beam splitter (17) is a cubic beam splitter with a side length of 40mm-50mm; The focal lengths of the primary mirror (12), secondary mirror (13), and tertiary mirror (15) are 150mm~200mm, -100mm~-60mm, and 100mm~150mm, respectively, and the radii of curvature of the vertex of their reflecting surfaces are -400mm~-300mm, -200mm~-120mm, and 200mm~300mm, respectively. The lens intervals between the primary mirror (12) and the secondary mirror (13), the secondary mirror (13) and the telescope folding mirror (14), the telescope folding mirror (14) and the third mirror (15), the third mirror (15) and the fast reflecting mirror (16), and the fast reflecting mirror (16) and the beam splitter (17) are -150mm to -100mm, 180mm to 220mm, -120mm to -80mm, 80mm to 120mm, and -50mm to -10mm, respectively. The primary mirror (12) is made of microcrystalline glass, fused silica, or silicon carbide; the secondary mirror (13) is made of microcrystalline glass, fused silica, or silicon carbide; the telescope folding mirror (14) is made of microcrystalline glass or fused silica; the third mirror (15) is made of microcrystalline glass, fused silica, or silicon carbide; the fast reflector (16) is made of microcrystalline glass, fused silica, or silicon carbide; and the beam splitter (17) is made of fused silica or optical glass HK9L.

4. The integrated optical system for airborne detection and mapping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The panchromatic optical system (2) includes panchromatic lens I (21), panchromatic lens II (22), panchromatic lens III (23), panchromatic lens IV (24), panchromatic lens V (25), panchromatic lens VI (26), panchromatic lens VII (28), panchromatic lens VIII (29) and panchromatic lens IX (210) arranged sequentially along the direction of light propagation. The panchromatic lens I (21) is a biconvex lens with positive optical power; the panchromatic lens II (22) is a meniscus lens with negative optical power bent towards the object side; the panchromatic lens III (23) is a biconvex lens with positive optical power; the panchromatic lens IV (24) is a meniscus lens with positive optical power bent towards the object side; the panchromatic lens V (25) is a biconcave lens with negative optical power; the panchromatic lens VI (26) is a biconvex lens with positive optical power; the panchromatic lens VII (28) is a biconcave lens with negative optical power; the panchromatic lens VIII (29) is a meniscus lens with positive optical power bent towards the object side; and the panchromatic lens IX (210) is a meniscus lens with positive optical power bent towards the image side.

5. The integrated optical system for airborne detection and mapping according to claim 4, characterized in that: The panchromatic optical system (2) also includes a panchromatic folding mirror (27); The panchromatic folding mirror (27) is a plane mirror without optical power, which is set between the panchromatic lens VI (26) and the panchromatic lens VII (28). The angle between its reflecting surface and the optical axis of the panchromatic lens VI (26) is 45°±5°, which is used to fold the panchromatic band optical system (2) and reduce the volume of the optical system.

6. The integrated optical system for airborne detection and mapping according to claim 5, characterized in that: The center thicknesses of the panchromatic lens I (21), panchromatic lens II (22), panchromatic lens III (23), panchromatic lens IV (24), panchromatic lens V (25), panchromatic lens VI (26), panchromatic folding mirror (27), panchromatic lens VII (28), panchromatic lens VIII (29), and panchromatic lens IX (210) are 7mm~13mm, 2mm~5mm, 2mm~6mm, 3mm~7mm, 2mm~5mm, 4mm~9mm, 4mm~8mm, -5mm~-2mm, -10mm~-5mm, and -10mm~-5mm, respectively. The focal lengths of the panchromatic lenses I (21), II (22), III (23), IV (24), V (25), VI (26), VII (28), VIII (29), and IX (210) are 80mm~110mm, -150mm~-90mm, 200mm~500mm, 130mm~240mm, -130mm~-50mm, 70mm~150mm, -70mm~-20mm, 400mm~800mm, and 70mm~130mm, respectively. The beam splitter (17) is connected to panchromatic lens I (21), panchromatic lens I (21) is connected to panchromatic lens II (22), panchromatic lens II (22) is connected to panchromatic lens III (23), panchromatic lens III (23) is connected to panchromatic lens IV (24), panchromatic lens IV (24) is connected to panchromatic lens V (25), panchromatic lens V (25) is connected to panchromatic lens VI (26), panchromatic lens VI (26) is connected to panchromatic folding mirror (27), panchromatic folding mirror (27) is connected to panchromatic lens VII (28), and panchromatic lens VII (28) is connected to panchromatic lens. The lens intervals between VIII (29), panchromatic lens VIII (29) and panchromatic lens IX (210), and between panchromatic lens IX (210) and the image plane (211) of the panchromatic band optical system are 0.1mm~10mm, 2mm~4mm, 2mm~4mm, 0.1mm~2mm, 0.1mm~1mm, 0.1mm~1mm, 45mm~55mm, -50mm~-30mm, -7mm~-3mm, -1mm~-0.1mm, and -25mm~-5mm, respectively. The object-side vertex curvature radius of the panchromatic lens I (21) is 50mm to 90mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is -120mm to -50mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the panchromatic lens II (22) is -120mm to -50mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is -∞ to -300mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the panchromatic lens III (23) is 500mm to +∞, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is -∞ to -300mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the panchromatic lens IV (24) is -∞ to -400mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is -200mm to -100mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the panchromatic lens V (25) is -200mm to -100mm. 0mm, the vertex curvature radius of the image surface is 100mm~200mm; the vertex curvature radius of the object surface of the panchromatic lens VI (26) is 50mm~150mm, and the vertex curvature radius of the image surface is -300mm~-150mm; the vertex curvature radius of the object surface of the panchromatic lens VII (28) is 20mm~50mm, and the vertex curvature radius of the image surface is -200mm~-100mm; the vertex curvature radius of the object surface of the panchromatic lens VIII (29) is 30mm~60mm, and the vertex curvature radius of the image surface is 30mm~60mm; the vertex curvature radius of the object surface of the panchromatic lens IX (210) is -90mm~-40mm, and the vertex curvature radius of the image surface is -250mm~-100mm; The material of panchromatic lens I (21) is optical glass HFK61 or HFK95N; the material of panchromatic lens II (22) is optical glass HZLAF75A or HZLAF4LA; the material of panchromatic lens III (23) is optical glass HZLAF90 or HZLAFLA; the material of panchromatic lens IV (24) is optical glass HZF62 or HZF72A; the material of panchromatic lens V (25) is optical glass HZLAF75A or HZLA. F4LA; the material of the panchromatic lens VI (26) is optical glass HZK20 or HZK9B; the material of the panchromatic folding mirror (27) is fused silica, optical glass HK9L or microcrystalline glass; the material of the panchromatic lens VII (28) is optical glass HZK20 or HZK9B; the material of the panchromatic lens VIII (29) is optical glass HQK3L or fused silica; the material of the panchromatic lens IX (210) is optical glass HZLAF69A or HZLAF55D.

7. The integrated optical system for airborne detection and mapping according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The shortwave infrared band optical system (3) also includes a shortwave folding mirror I (31), a shortwave folding mirror II (32), and a shortwave folding mirror III (33). The short-wave folding mirror I (31), short-wave folding mirror II (32) and short-wave folding mirror III (33) are arranged sequentially between the beam splitter (17) and the short-wave lens I (34) along the direction of light propagation, and they are all plane mirrors without optical power. The angle between the reflecting surface of the shortwave folding mirror I (31) and the second plumb surface is 45°±5°, the angle between the reflecting surface of the shortwave folding mirror II (32) and the first horizontal plane is 45°±5°, and the angle between the reflecting surface of the shortwave folding mirror III (33) and the first plumb surface is 45°±5°, which are used to fold the shortwave infrared band optical system (3) and reduce the volume of the optical system.

8. The integrated optical system for airborne detection and mapping according to claim 7, characterized in that: The center thicknesses of the shortwave folding mirror I (31), shortwave folding mirror II (32), shortwave folding mirror III (33), shortwave lens I (34), shortwave lens II (35), shortwave lens III (36), shortwave lens IV (37), shortwave lens V (38), shortwave lens VI (39), shortwave lens VII (310), shortwave lens VIII (311), and shortwave lens IX (312) are 4mm~8mm, 4mm~8mm, 4mm~8mm, 5mm~10mm, 2.5mm~5mm, 10mm~18mm, 14mm~20mm, 2.5mm~5mm, 14mm~20mm, 2.5mm~5mm, 3mm~7mm, and 2.5mm~5mm, respectively. The focal lengths of the shortwave lenses I (34), II (35), III (36), IV (37), V (38), VI (39), VII (310), VIII (311), and IX (312) are 150mm~300mm, -100mm~-50mm, 70mm~150mm, 70mm~150mm, -90mm~-40mm, 40mm~100mm, -100mm~-50mm, 50mm~100mm, and -100mm~-50mm, respectively. The beam splitter (17) is connected to the short-wave folding mirror I (31), the short-wave folding mirror I (31) is connected to the short-wave folding mirror II (32), the short-wave folding mirror II (32) is connected to the short-wave folding mirror III (33), the short-wave folding mirror III (33) is connected to the short-wave lens I (34), the short-wave lens I (34) is connected to the short-wave lens II (35), the short-wave lens II (35) is connected to the short-wave lens III (36), the short-wave lens III (36) is connected to the short-wave lens IV (37), the short-wave lens IV (37) is connected to the short-wave lens V (38), the short-wave lens V (38) is connected to the short-wave lens VI (39), the short-wave lens VI (39) is connected to the short-wave lens VII (310), and the short-wave lens VII (310) is connected to the short-wave lens VI (310). The lens spacings between the short-wavelength lens VIII (311), the short-wavelength lens VIII (311) and the short-wavelength lens IX (312), and the short-wavelength lens IX (312) and the image plane (313) of the short-wavelength infrared band optical system are -50mm to -10mm, 50mm to 100mm, -100mm to -50mm, 20mm to 30mm, 24mm to 30mm / 50mm to 70mm, 30mm to 45mm / 2mm to 8mm, 0.1mm to 1mm, 0.1mm to 1mm, 0.1mm to 1mm, 1mm to 3mm, 35mm to 45mm, 3mm to 5mm, and 10mm to 25mm, respectively. The object-side vertex curvature radius of the short-wavelength lens I (34) is 50mm to 80mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is 150mm to 300mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the short-wavelength lens II (35) is -90mm to -50mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is 140mm to 250mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the short-wavelength lens III (36) is 150mm to 300mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is -100mm to -50mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the short-wavelength lens IV (37) is 40mm to 70mm, and the image-side vertex curvature radius is -400mm to -200mm; the object-side vertex curvature radius of the short-wavelength lens V (38) is -800mm. ~-500mm, the vertex curvature radius of the image surface is 20mm~40mm; the vertex curvature radius of the object surface of the short-wave lens VI (39) is 20mm~40mm, the vertex curvature radius of the image surface is -300mm~-150mm; the vertex curvature radius of the object surface of the short-wave lens VII (310) is -150mm~-70mm, the vertex curvature radius of the image surface is 400mm~700mm; the vertex curvature radius of the object surface of the short-wave lens VIII (311) is 15mm~25mm, the vertex curvature radius of the image surface is 20mm~35mm; the vertex curvature radius of the object surface of the short-wave lens IX (312) is -150mm~-70mm, the vertex curvature radius of the image surface is 70mm~150mm; The materials of the shortwave folding mirror I (31), shortwave folding mirror II (32), and shortwave folding mirror III (33) are all fused silica, microcrystalline glass, or optical glass HK9L; the material of the shortwave lens I (34) is optical glass HFK95N or HFK61; the material of the shortwave lens II (35) is optical glass HZPK1A, HZK20, or HZPK3; the material of the shortwave lens III (36) is optical glass HZPK1A, HZK20, or HZPK3; and the material of the shortwave lens IV (37) is optical glass. The short-wavelength lens V (38) is made of optical glass HFK95N or HFK61; the short-wavelength lens VI (39) is made of optical glass HFK95N or HFK61; the short-wavelength lens VII (310) is made of optical glass HZF88 or HZF62; the short-wavelength lens VIII (311) is made of optical glass HZF88 or HZF62; the short-wavelength lens IX (312) is made of optical glass HZPK1A, HZK20 or HZPK3. The object shape of the short-wavelength lens VIII (311) is an even-order aspherical surface.

Images