Method and device for determining avalanche potential release area, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The application provides an avalanche potential release area determination method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring target area collection data after an avalanche event occurs; determining accumulation body data of an avalanche accumulation body according to the target area collection data, wherein the accumulation body data comprises a dominant slope direction of the avalanche accumulation body; determining a source slope surface corresponding to the avalanche accumulation body based on the dominant slope direction in the target area; determining a source path corresponding to the source slope surface according to the target area collection data; and monitoring the target detection area, and determining that the target detection area is an avalanche potential release area when the target detection area meets an avalanche release condition. The target area collection data after the avalanche event is acquired to specifically determine the avalanche potential release area, which can provide a scientific basis and technical support for monitoring of high-snow unstable areas, and high-precision identification and monitoring of the avalanche potential release area are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of avalanche monitoring, and more particularly to a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for determining potential avalanche release zones. Background Technology

[0002] Avalanches in plateau and high mountain valley areas are widely distributed globally, often causing serious consequences such as traffic disruptions, infrastructure damage, and casualties.

[0003] Among them, trough avalanches, due to their clear avalanche paths and concentrated kinetic energy release, have stronger destructive power and higher disaster intensity, posing a significant threat, especially to linear infrastructure projects in plateau areas, such as mountain roads and slope protection projects.

[0004] The PRA (Potential Release Area) is a key source area where high-altitude snow cover first becomes unstable and triggers avalanches under specific terrain and meteorological conditions. Accurate acquisition of PRA geographic information is beneficial for carrying out efficient and targeted snow cover behavior monitoring.

[0005] Existing studies mostly delineate large-scale avalanche-prone areas based on mountain ranges or regions, focusing on avalanche sensitivity analysis and regional risk assessment, which is insufficient to meet the needs of high-precision PRA identification. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main objective of this invention is to propose a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for determining potential avalanche release zones, aiming to solve the problem that PRA identification in the prior art cannot meet the high accuracy requirements.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for determining potential avalanche release zones, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] Acquire data from the target area following an avalanche event;

[0009] The avalanche deposit data is determined based on the data collected from the target area, and the deposit data includes the dominant slope aspect of the avalanche deposit.

[0010] Within the target area, determine the source slope surface corresponding to the avalanche deposit based on the dominant slope aspect;

[0011] The power supply path corresponding to the power supply slope is determined based on the data collected from the target area.

[0012] The corresponding avalanche deposit, the source path, and the source slope are taken as the target detection area;

[0013] The target detection area is monitored, and when the target detection area meets the avalanche release conditions, the target detection area is determined to be a potential avalanche release area.

[0014] Optionally, determining the avalanche deposit data based on data collected from the target area includes:

[0015] Obtain the digital elevation model from the data collected in the target area;

[0016] Determine the target pixel containing the avalanche deposit in the digital elevation model;

[0017] Calculate the pixel slope aspect of each target pixel;

[0018] The slope direction of the most pixels is taken as the dominant slope direction of the avalanche deposit.

[0019] Optionally, determining the source slope corresponding to the avalanche deposit within the target area based on the dominant slope aspect includes:

[0020] Based on the data collected from the target area, multiple slope units are determined within the target area;

[0021] Determine the slope aspect of each slope unit and calculate the slope aspect difference between the slope aspect and the dominant slope aspect;

[0022] The slope units whose aspect difference is less than a preset aspect difference threshold are selected as optional slope units;

[0023] Determine the direction of water flow in each of the optional slope units;

[0024] The selectable slope unit that determines the direction of water flow through the avalanche deposit is the candidate slope unit;

[0025] The source slope is determined within the candidate slope unit based on the accumulation data.

[0026] Optionally, determining the source slope corresponding to the avalanche deposit within the target area based on the dominant slope aspect includes:

[0027] Based on the data collected from the target area, multiple slope units are determined within the target area;

[0028] Determine the accessibility weight function, unit elevation, and slope aspect of each slope unit, wherein the accessibility weight function is negatively correlated with the slope aspect difference of the slope unit and negatively correlated with the distance between the slope and the avalanche deposit.

[0029] The source score of the slope unit is calculated using the access weight function, unit elevation, and slope aspect.

[0030] The slope unit whose source score is greater than the preset score threshold is designated as the source slope.

[0031] Optionally, determining the power supply path corresponding to the power supply slope based on the data collected from the target area includes:

[0032] Obtain digital elevation data from the data collected in the target area;

[0033] The ridge and gully corresponding to the source slope and the avalanche deposit are determined based on the digital elevation data.

[0034] The power supply path is obtained by using the ridge as the spatial enclosure of the power supply path and the ditch as the drainage path of the power supply path.

[0035] Optionally, monitoring the target detection area and determining it as a potential avalanche release zone when it meets the avalanche release conditions includes:

[0036] Obtain multiple avalanche factors in the target detection region;

[0037] Determine whether all the avalanche factors satisfy the corresponding avalanche conditions;

[0038] If all the avalanche factors satisfy the corresponding avalanche conditions, then the target detection area is determined to satisfy the avalanche release conditions.

[0039] The target detection area was determined to be a potential avalanche release zone.

[0040] Optionally, determining the target detection area as a potential avalanche release zone includes:

[0041] Obtain the current area of ​​the target detection region;

[0042] Determine whether the current area is greater than a preset area threshold;

[0043] If the current area is greater than the preset area threshold, then the target detection area is determined to be a potential avalanche release area.

[0044] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides an avalanche potential release zone determination device, the avalanche potential release zone determination device comprising:

[0045] The first acquisition module is used to acquire data collected from the target area after an avalanche event occurs.

[0046] The first determining module is used to determine the avalanche deposit data based on the data collected from the target area, wherein the deposit data includes the dominant slope aspect of the avalanche deposit;

[0047] The second determining module is used to determine, within the target area, the supply slope surface corresponding to the avalanche deposit based on the dominant slope aspect;

[0048] The third determining module is used to determine the source supply path corresponding to the source supply slope based on the data collected from the target area.

[0049] The first execution module is used to take the corresponding avalanche deposit, the source path, and the source slope as the target detection area;

[0050] The first monitoring module is used to monitor the target detection area, and when the target detection area meets the avalanche release conditions, the target detection area is determined to be a potential avalanche release area.

[0051] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides an electronic device, the electronic device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the avalanche potential release zone determination method as described above.

[0052] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the avalanche potential release zone determination method as described above.

[0053] This invention proposes a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for determining potential avalanche release zones. The method involves acquiring target area data after an avalanche event; determining avalanche deposit data, including the dominant slope aspect, based on the target area data; identifying the corresponding feed slope surface within the target area based on the dominant slope aspect; determining the feed path corresponding to the feed slope surface based on the target area data; using the corresponding avalanche deposit, feed path, and feed slope surface as a target detection area; monitoring the target detection area; and determining the target detection area as a potential avalanche release zone when it meets the avalanche release conditions. By acquiring target area data after an avalanche event to specifically target the avalanche deposit, feed slope surface, and feed path to generate potential avalanche release zones for individual avalanche locations, this method provides a scientific basis and technical support for monitoring high-altitude snow accumulation areas prone to instability, achieving high-precision identification and monitoring of potential avalanche release zones. Attached Figure Description

[0054] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0055] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0056] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the first embodiment of the method for determining potential avalanche release zones according to the present invention.

[0057] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an avalanche deposit in the avalanche potential release zone determination method of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 3 This is a detailed flowchart of the method for determining potential avalanche release zones according to the present invention;

[0059] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the module structure of the electronic device of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0060] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0061] This invention provides a method for determining potential avalanche release zones, referring to... Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a first embodiment of the method for determining potential avalanche release zones according to the present invention. The method includes the following steps:

[0062] Step S10: Obtain data from the target area after the avalanche event.

[0063] The avalanche type specifically applied in this application mainly targets trough-type avalanche events; it can also be extended to generalized sliding avalanche or mixed avalanche scenarios. For generalized sliding avalanches, such as planar release avalanches, the avalanche type can be automatically identified by leveraging the geometric shape of the avalanche accumulation and automatically switching between source identification and confinement strategies to achieve classification, identification, and differentiated extraction of multiple types of avalanche release areas.

[0064] The target area data is obtained by collecting relevant data from the target area after an avalanche event. The specific type of target area data can be set according to actual needs, such as high-resolution optical remote sensing images and DEM (Digital Elevation Model). The specific acquisition method can be set according to the specific data type and corresponding acquisition equipment. In other embodiments, the data source can be expanded to UAV oblique photography, SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar), or LiDAR (Light Detection and Range) according to different avalanche event conditions to improve the adaptability of avalanche deposit identification and the identification capability in complex terrain environments. The spatial resolution and texture features generated by different data sources can be uniformly processed through image fusion and reconstruction methods, so as not to affect the stable operation of processes such as deposit source identification and terrain structure constraint.

[0065] To ensure the timeliness of data collection in the target area, data can be collected within a preset time frame after the avalanche event, such as within 3 days of the avalanche event.

[0066] To ensure the clarity of data collected in the target area, for high-resolution optical remote sensing imagery, satellite images that are less affected by cloud and fog obstruction and where avalanche accumulation areas are clearly identifiable can be prioritized. These images are then subjected to radiometric correction, atmospheric correction, and geometric registration to obtain high-resolution optical remote sensing images. This improves subsequent interpretation accuracy and ensures a strict spatial correspondence between the high-resolution optical remote sensing image and the DEM in a unified coordinate system. For example, the preprocessed high-resolution optical remote sensing image I' includes:

[0067]

[0068] Among them, I raw The original remote sensing image is represented by R(·), which represents radiometric correction, A(·), which represents atmospheric correction, and G(·), which represents geometric registration.

[0069] The target area is the region where the avalanche occurred.

[0070] Step S20: Determine the avalanche deposit data based on the data collected from the target area, wherein the deposit data includes the dominant slope aspect of the avalanche deposit;

[0071] Avalanche deposits are the accumulations formed by the falling snow sliding down gullies and eventually depositing at the bottom of valleys after an avalanche event.

[0072] The accumulation data consists of relevant parameters for a single avalanche accumulation. The specific type of accumulation data can be set based on actual conditions, such as dominant slope aspect, unique avalanche point number, accumulation vector, accumulation area, maximum axial distance, and slope aspect dispersion.

[0073] The dominant slope aspect is the slope aspect angle that appears most frequently or has the most concentrated direction among all pixel slope aspects within the avalanche deposit coverage area.

[0074] The unique avalanche point number is the number of each avalanche deposit in the avalanche accumulation generated by this avalanche. It can be understood that in an avalanche event, multiple avalanche deposits may be generated, and the unique avalanche point number of different avalanche deposits is different. For each avalanche deposit, the corresponding potential avalanche release area can be determined by the method of this invention.

[0075] The avalanche accumulation vector is a vector polygon obtained by analyzing high-resolution remote sensing images to digitize the spatial extent of the avalanche accumulation.

[0076] The area of ​​the avalanche accumulation is the area of ​​the accumulation vector corresponding to the avalanche accumulation.

[0077] The maximum axial distance is the maximum value of the Euclidean distance between any two points in the avalanche deposit;

[0078] Aspect dispersion is a statistical index of the degree to which the aspect of each pixel in an avalanche deposit is concentrated or dispersed around the dominant aspect.

[0079] Because typical trench-type avalanche deposits exhibit characteristics such as fan-shaped expansion, rough surface texture, and tongue-shaped extension at the leading edge, avalanche deposits in data collected from the target area can be identified and vectorized through visual interpretation; specifically, see... Figure 2 The manual visual interpretation method can divide the avalanche deposit into tongue-shaped deposit regions based on the main avalanche flow direction, specifically including left and right wings, which are then labeled and labeled to form the left wing D of the deposit. left and the right wing of the accumulation body D right Two vector polygon objects are combined to form an avalanche accumulation, which is then bound to the unique avalanche point number P of the avalanche accumulation. ID For example, A1 to A5 are five different avalanche deposits.

[0080] The geometric distribution characteristics of avalanche deposits can be represented as follows after vectorization:

[0081]

[0082] Where S is the area of ​​the accumulation volume; A i Let be the area of ​​the i-th pixel within the avalanche deposit; n is the number of pixels within the avalanche deposit.

[0083]

[0084] Where L is the maximum axial distance; dist(p i p j ) represents the Euclidean distance between any two points within the avalanche deposit.

[0085] To characterize the concentration of slope aspect distribution, the slope aspect dispersion σ can be calculated. θ :

[0086]

[0087] Where N is the total number of pixels within the tongue-shaped accumulation region; θ i Let i be the i-th aspect value.

[0088] Step S30: Determine the source slope surface corresponding to the avalanche deposit within the target area based on the dominant slope aspect;

[0089] The supply slope is the upstream slope area that transports snow to the avalanche deposit.

[0090] It is understandable that avalanche deposits are formed by the accumulation of snow that collapses during an avalanche event, while the source slope is the slope where snow collapses during an avalanche event, and the snow that collapses from the source slope forms avalanche deposits downstream.

[0091] An avalanche is a gravity-driven mass movement. Once the snowpack becomes unstable, it will preferentially slide down the slope aspect. In gully terrain, the snow mass is constrained by the ridges on both sides, and the overall flow direction is consistent with the slope aspect of the upstream supply slope, eventually accumulating at the bottom of the valley. Therefore, the dominant slope aspect of an avalanche deposit is often inherited from the slope aspect of the upstream supply slope. Thus, the corresponding supply slope can be accurately determined by the dominant slope aspect of the avalanche deposit.

[0092] In this embodiment, by using the avalanche deposits of real avalanche events as the starting point for inversion, a source slope determination mechanism based on the source attribution relationship is established to achieve high-precision PRA identification and classification of individual avalanche locations.

[0093] Step S40: Determine the power supply path corresponding to the power supply slope based on the data collected from the target area;

[0094] The supply path is the path along which snow slides from the supply slope to the location of the avalanche deposit during an avalanche event. Specifically, in gully-type terrain, the snow is constrained by the ridges on both sides, and the supply path is generally the gully between the two ridges, i.e., the valley line.

[0095] Step S50: The corresponding avalanche deposit, source path, and source slope are taken as the target detection area;

[0096] The target detection area is defined as the area formed by the source slope as the source starting point, the avalanche deposit as the outlet, and the source path as the discharge channel. It is understandable that different avalanche deposits have different target detection areas.

[0097] The target detection area is the region that is likely to be a potential avalanche release zone, determined based on the avalanche deposits generated by actual avalanche events. It can be understood that, since the target detection area is determined based on real avalanche deposits, source slopes, and source paths, it targets the specific area involved in the avalanche event, and therefore has the characteristic of high accuracy.

[0098] Step S60: Monitor the target detection area. When the target detection area meets the avalanche release conditions, determine the target detection area as a potential avalanche release area.

[0099] After the target detection area is determined, it is continuously monitored. When the avalanche release conditions are met, it is considered that a potential avalanche release zone has been formed, and subsequent snow accumulation behavior monitoring work can be carried out.

[0100] Avalanche release conditions can be set based on actual needs, such as setting specific avalanche release conditions corresponding to potential avalanche release areas based on the evolution of regional snow cover and historical avalanche experience.

[0101] This embodiment uses data collected from the target area after an avalanche event to specifically identify the potential avalanche release zone for a single avalanche location based on the avalanche deposit, the source slope, and the source path. This provides a scientific basis and technical support for monitoring high-altitude snow accumulation areas prone to instability, and achieves high-precision identification and monitoring of potential avalanche release zones.

[0102] Further details will follow. Figure 3 In the second embodiment of the avalanche potential release zone determination method of the present invention based on the first embodiment of the present invention, step S20 includes the following steps:

[0103] Step S21: Obtain the digital elevation model from the data collected in the target area;

[0104] Step S22: Determine the target pixel where the avalanche deposit is located in the digital elevation model;

[0105] Step S23: Calculate the pixel slope of each target pixel;

[0106] Step S24: The slope direction of the most pixels is taken as the dominant slope direction of the avalanche deposit.

[0107] Digital elevation models can be used to determine the slope aspect of avalanche deposits; for example, the third-order finite difference method can be used to calculate the pixel slope aspect θ for each pixel.

[0108]

[0109] in, z / y represents the slope of the pixel along the y-direction; z / x represents the slope of the pixel along the x-direction; θ0 represents the slope angle offset, the specific value of which can be set according to actual needs to ensure that the slope value is within the range of 0~360°.

[0110] A cell is the smallest unit in the raster data of a digital elevation model; the cells within the area where an avalanche deposit is located in the digital elevation model are the cells corresponding to the avalanche deposit.

[0111] For each tongue-shaped accumulation region, the slope aspect frequency distribution f(θ) of all pixels is statistically analyzed, and the dominant slope aspect is calculated:

[0112]

[0113] Where, θ dom The dominant slope aspect.

[0114] In this embodiment, the dominant slope of the avalanche deposit is determined by statistically analyzing the pixel slope of the corresponding pixels.

[0115] Furthermore, in the third embodiment of the avalanche potential release zone determination method of the present invention based on the first embodiment of the present invention, step S30 includes the following steps:

[0116] Step S31: Determine multiple slope units within the target area based on the data collected from the target area;

[0117] Step S32: Determine the slope aspect of each slope unit and calculate the slope aspect difference between the slope aspect and the dominant slope aspect;

[0118] Step S33: Select the slope units whose aspect difference is less than the preset aspect difference threshold as optional slope units;

[0119] Step S34: Determine the water flow direction for each of the optional slope units;

[0120] Step S35: Determine the selectable slope unit that the water flows through as the avalanche deposit as the candidate slope unit;

[0121] Step S36: Determine the source slope within the candidate slope unit based on the accumulation data.

[0122] The specific method for determining slope elements can be set based on actual needs; for example, multiple slope elements can be obtained by reclassifying the aspect of the digital elevation model.

[0123] The slope aspect is the slope aspect of the slope element; the slope aspect can be obtained from the relevant parameters of the specific slope element in the digital elevation model.

[0124] The aspect difference is the absolute value of the difference between the slope aspect of the slope surface and the dominant aspect of the avalanche deposit.

[0125] When the aspect difference is less than a preset aspect difference threshold, the slope unit is considered to have a similar aspect to the avalanche deposit, suggesting a possible connection between the slope and the avalanche deposit. Therefore, the slope unit is considered a potential source slope for the avalanche deposit and is selected as a possible slope unit. When the aspect difference is greater than the preset aspect difference threshold, the slope unit is considered to have a significant aspect difference from the avalanche deposit, suggesting a low probability of a connection between the slope and the avalanche deposit. Therefore, the slope unit is not considered a source slope for the avalanche deposit and is removed.

[0126] The specific value of the preset slope difference threshold can be set according to actual needs, such as between 30 and 45°.

[0127] The selectable slope element is a slope element that may be a source slope corresponding to an avalanche deposit.

[0128] The direction of water flow is the path of water flowing down the slope unit in the digital elevation model. It should be noted that although avalanches are not water flows, both rely on gravity and terrain to determine their movement path. Therefore, the direction of water flow can be used to simulate the path of snow avalanches in the slope unit.

[0129] Specifically, the D8 single-direction algorithm can be used to obtain the water flow direction of each slope unit. With the avalanche deposit as the endpoint, the water flow direction flowing through the avalanche deposit is traced back in reverse to determine the candidate slope units.

[0130] The candidate slope element is a slope element that is further determined from the available slope elements and may be the source slope corresponding to the avalanche deposit.

[0131] In this embodiment, slope units are screened by slope direction and water flow direction, so that slope units that are unlikely to be source slopes can be eliminated; the amount of data processing is reduced; and the source slope is determined based on fewer candidate slope units.

[0132] Furthermore, in the fourth embodiment of the avalanche potential release zone determination method of the present invention based on the first embodiment of the present invention, step S30 includes the following steps:

[0133] Step S37: Determine multiple slope units within the target area based on the data collected from the target area;

[0134] Step S38: Determine the accessibility weight function, unit elevation, and slope aspect of each slope unit, wherein the accessibility weight function is negatively correlated with the slope aspect difference of the slope unit and negatively correlated with the distance between the slope and the avalanche deposit.

[0135] Step S39: Calculate the source score of the slope unit using the access weight function, unit elevation, and slope aspect;

[0136] Step S310: The slope unit whose source score is greater than the preset score threshold is taken as the source slope.

[0137] In this embodiment, the slope unit can be the candidate slope unit obtained after screening.

[0138] The accessibility weight function is used to indicate the geometric orientation and spatial accessibility between slope elements and avalanche deposits; specifically:

[0139]

[0140] Among them, W i Let θ be the access weight function for the i-th slope element; cell，i d represents the slope aspect of the i-th slope element; i The horizontal distance from the i-th slope unit to the nearest boundary of the avalanche deposit is denoted as . It can be understood that the smaller the aspect difference and the smaller the horizontal distance from the slope unit to the nearest boundary of the avalanche deposit, the greater the probability that the slope unit is a source slope. Therefore, in this embodiment, the accessibility weight function is set to be negatively correlated with the aspect difference of the slope unit and negatively correlated with the distance between the slope and the avalanche deposit.

[0141] Meanwhile, after calculating the accessibility weight function, slope units with accessibility weight functions less than the preset accessibility weight threshold can be removed and not participate in the selection of subsequent source slopes, thereby removing slope units that have directional deviation and poor connectivity with the avalanche deposit; the specific value of the preset accessibility weight threshold can be set based on actual needs.

[0142] The unit elevation is the altitude corresponding to the slope unit; the unit elevation can be determined by statistically analyzing the elevation values ​​of the pixels involved in the slope unit.

[0143] Simultaneously, after calculating the unit elevation, the unit elevation can be compared with the average elevation of the avalanche deposit; if the following conditions are met, the slope unit is retained; otherwise, the slope unit is discarded:

[0144]

[0145] Among them, H cell Unit elevation; H dep ΔH represents the average elevation of the avalanche accumulation; ΔH is the minimum height difference threshold, the specific value of which can be set based on the gravitational potential energy requirements.

[0146] By setting the above conditions, it is possible to ensure that the determined source slope has the gravitational potential energy to transport snow to the avalanche deposit.

[0147] After determining the accessibility weighting function, element elevation, and slope aspect, since all three reflect the association that the slope element is a source slope for avalanche deposits, the probability that the slope element is a source slope, i.e., the source score, is calculated using the accessibility weighting function, element elevation, and slope aspect.

[0148]

[0149] Among them, S i For source scoring; w θ w W and w H Let w be the weights for the accessibility weight function, the unit elevation, and the slope aspect, respectively. θ w W w H The sum of these three values ​​is 1, and their specific values ​​can be set based on actual needs.

[0150] The higher the source score, the greater the likelihood that the slope unit is a source slope. Therefore, a preset score threshold is set. When the source score is greater than the preset score threshold, the slope unit is determined to be the source slope corresponding to the avalanche deposit.

[0151] Furthermore, in the fifth embodiment of the avalanche potential release zone determination method of the present invention based on the first embodiment of the present invention, step S40 includes the following steps:

[0152] Step S41: Obtain digital elevation data from the data collected in the target area;

[0153] Step S42: Determine the ridge and gully corresponding to the source slope and the avalanche deposit based on the digital elevation data;

[0154] Step S43: The ridge is used as the spatial enclosure of the power supply path, and the ditch is used as the drainage path of the power supply path.

[0155] Digital elevation data refers to the relevant data within the digital elevation model.

[0156] Ridges and gullies form the topographic framework of the target area.

[0157] The supply path is the path along which snow slides from the supply slope to the location of the avalanche deposit during an avalanche event. Specifically, in gully-type terrain, the snow is constrained by the ridges on both sides, and the supply path is generally the gully between the two ridges, i.e., the valley line.

[0158] Specifically, curvature characteristics can be calculated in a digital elevation model (DEM) using second-order terrain derivative analysis, and the type of terrain extrema can be determined by combining this with the Topographic Position Index (TPI). For each raster cell within the DEM, the ridge identification index is defined as:

[0159]

[0160] Among them, Ridge i The ridge identification index is the value corresponding to the i-th grid cell.

[0161]

[0162] TPI i Let z be the elevation of the i-th grid cell. i Relative to the average elevation of the field The difference;

[0163] It is a positive curvature component used to identify convex landforms.

[0164] When the ridge identification index is greater than the preset ridge threshold, the grid cell is determined to be a ridge cell. The ridge cells are then linearly connected to form a ridge vector. The specific value of the preset ridge threshold can be set based on actual needs.

[0165] Trench extraction is based on flow accumulation analysis, calculating the flow value for each grid cell:

[0166]

[0167] Where U(i) is the inflow unit set; F i f is the bus value of the i-th raster cell; j This is valid traffic.

[0168] When the flow value is greater than the preset flow value threshold, the grid unit is determined to be the main drainage ditch, forming a valley line skeleton; the specific value of the preset flow value threshold can be set based on actual needs.

[0169] The source path is obtained by using the extracted ridgeline as the spatial boundary and the transport ditch corresponding to the ditch as the only discharge path; then, the target detection area corresponding to each avalanche deposit is constructed based on the avalanche deposit, the source path, and the source slope.

[0170] The target detection area is output in polygonal vector form, along with a unique avalanche point number, ensuring clear spatial ownership and a unique avalanche material confluence path.

[0171] Furthermore, in the sixth embodiment of the avalanche potential release zone determination method of the present invention based on the first embodiment of the present invention, step S60 includes the following steps:

[0172] Step S61: Obtain multiple avalanche factors of the target detection area;

[0173] Step S62: Determine whether all avalanche factors satisfy the corresponding avalanche conditions;

[0174] Step S63: If all the avalanche factors meet the corresponding avalanche conditions, then the target detection area is determined to meet the avalanche release conditions.

[0175] Step S64: Determine the target detection area as a potential avalanche release zone.

[0176] Avalanche factor is a parameter that indicates the occurrence of avalanches; the specific type of avalanche factor can be set according to actual needs, such as the slope, surface curvature, ruggedness, and normalized snow cover index of the source slope.

[0177] Avalanche conditions are conditions set for specific avalanche factors that conform to the characteristics of the potential avalanche release zone; for example:

[0178]

[0179] Among them, S i Slope; C i R represents the surface curvature. i Roughness; NDSI i Normalized snow cover index; S min S represents the minimum slope in the avalanche conditions corresponding to the slope gradient. max The slope is the maximum slope in the avalanche condition corresponding to the slope; the surface curvature is the avalanche condition that is less than or equal to the surface curvature threshold C. thr The avalanche condition corresponding to ruggedness is that it is less than or equal to the ruggedness threshold R. thr The avalanche condition corresponding to the normalized snow cover index is that it is greater than or equal to the normalized snow cover index threshold N. min .

[0180] The values ​​of the avalanche conditions mentioned above can be specifically set based on the snow accumulation evolution and historical avalanche experience of the target area; for example, by introducing a regional feature training set of a specific region to build a machine learning model, the optimal discrimination parameters for regional adaptation can be automatically obtained, thereby improving the generalization ability and robustness of the method under different geomorphic backgrounds.

[0181] When all avalanche factors in the target detection region satisfy the corresponding avalanche conditions, P i Outputting 1 indicates that the avalanche release condition is met, and the target detection area is identified as a potential avalanche release area. The output is a Boolean raster mask layer. Otherwise, P... i The output is 0, indicating that the avalanche release condition is not met, and the target detection area is determined to be a potential avalanche release area.

[0182] Further, step S64 includes the following steps:

[0183] Step S641: Obtain the current area of ​​the target detection region;

[0184] Step S642: Determine whether the current area is greater than a preset area threshold;

[0185] Step S643: If the current area is greater than the preset area threshold, then the target detection area is determined to be a potential avalanche release area.

[0186] If the current area is less than or equal to the preset area threshold, it is removed from the target detection area.

[0187] To improve the spatial continuity of the potential avalanche release zone, this embodiment further optimizes the spatial morphology of the potential avalanche release zone.

[0188] In practical applications, there may be isolated small patches within the target area that are too small and not adjacent to other potential avalanche release zones. These isolated small patches may meet the conditions for potential avalanche release zones, but due to their small size, they will not actually form potential avalanche release zones. Therefore, to avoid interference from isolated small patches, this embodiment uses an area threshold filtering method to remove smaller micro-avalanche release zones, ensuring that the remaining potential avalanche release zones have a minimum stable triggering scale. The specific value of the preset area threshold can be set based on actual needs, such as 250m. 2 .

[0189] Meanwhile, in order to further optimize the spatial morphology, edge convolution and kernel function smoothing techniques can be introduced in terms of boundary processing to eliminate jagged or burr-like contours at the edges of potential avalanche release zones.

[0190] To improve the connectivity of the release area, the voids inside the potential avalanche release area can be filled to avoid misidentification of voids caused by remote sensing obstruction or data omissions, ensuring that the output potential avalanche release area has a complete closed structure. The optimized potential avalanche release area is output in a planar vector format.

[0191] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to this application.

[0192] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods according to the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk), and includes several instructions to cause a terminal device (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0193] This application also provides an avalanche potential release zone determination apparatus for implementing the above-described avalanche potential release zone determination method, the avalanche potential release zone determination apparatus comprising:

[0194] The first acquisition module is used to acquire data collected from the target area after an avalanche event occurs.

[0195] The first determining module is used to determine the avalanche deposit data based on the data collected from the target area, wherein the deposit data includes the dominant slope aspect of the avalanche deposit;

[0196] The second determining module is used to determine, within the target area, the supply slope surface corresponding to the avalanche deposit based on the dominant slope aspect;

[0197] The third determining module is used to determine the source supply path corresponding to the source supply slope based on the data collected from the target area.

[0198] The first execution module is used to take the corresponding avalanche deposit, the source path, and the source slope as the target detection area;

[0199] The first monitoring module is used to monitor the target detection area, and when the target detection area meets the avalanche release conditions, the target detection area is determined to be a potential avalanche release area.

[0200] This avalanche potential release zone determination device uses data collected from the target area after an avalanche event to specifically identify the potential release zone of a single avalanche point based on the avalanche deposit, the source slope, and the source path. It can provide scientific basis and technical support for the monitoring of high-altitude snow accumulation areas prone to instability, and achieves high-precision identification and monitoring of potential avalanche release zones.

[0201] It should be noted that the first acquisition module in this embodiment can be used to execute step S10 in this application embodiment, the first determination module in this embodiment can be used to execute step S20 in this application embodiment, the second determination module in this embodiment can be used to execute step S30 in this application embodiment, the third determination module in this embodiment can be used to execute step S40 in this application embodiment, the first execution module in this embodiment can be used to execute step S50 in this application embodiment, and the first monitoring block in this embodiment can be used to execute step S60 in this application embodiment.

[0202] Furthermore, the first determining module includes:

[0203] The first acquisition unit is used to acquire the digital elevation model from the data collected in the target area;

[0204] The first determining unit is used to determine the target pixel where the avalanche deposit is located in the digital elevation model;

[0205] The first calculation unit is used to calculate the pixel slope of each target pixel;

[0206] The first execution unit is used to take the slope direction of the most pixels as the dominant slope direction of the avalanche deposit.

[0207] Furthermore, the second determining module includes:

[0208] The second determining unit is used to determine multiple slope units within the target area based on the data collected from the target area.

[0209] The third determining unit is used to determine the slope aspect of each slope element and calculate the slope aspect difference between the slope aspect and the dominant slope aspect.

[0210] The second execution unit is used to select the slope units whose aspect difference is less than a preset aspect difference threshold as optional slope units.

[0211] The fourth determining unit is used to determine the water flow direction of each of the optional slope units;

[0212] The fifth determining unit is used to determine the selectable slope unit that the water flows through the avalanche deposit as the candidate slope unit;

[0213] The sixth determining unit is used to determine the source slope based on the accumulation data within the candidate slope unit.

[0214] Furthermore, the second determining module includes:

[0215] The seventh determining unit is used to determine multiple slope units within the target area based on the data collected from the target area.

[0216] The eighth determining unit is used to determine the accessibility weight function, unit elevation, and slope aspect of each slope unit, wherein the accessibility weight function is negatively correlated with the slope aspect difference of the slope unit and negatively correlated with the distance between the slope and the avalanche deposit.

[0217] The second calculation unit is used to calculate the source score of the slope unit using the access weight function, unit elevation, and slope aspect.

[0218] The second execution unit is used to select the slope unit whose source score is greater than a preset score threshold as the source slope.

[0219] Furthermore, the third determining module includes:

[0220] The second acquisition unit is used to acquire digital elevation data from the data collected in the target area.

[0221] The ninth determining unit is used to determine the ridge and gully corresponding to the source slope and the avalanche deposit based on the digital elevation data;

[0222] The third execution unit is used to use the ridge as the spatial enclosure of the power supply path and the ditch as the drainage path of the power supply path to obtain the power supply path.

[0223] Furthermore, the first monitoring module includes:

[0224] The third acquisition unit is used to acquire multiple avalanche factors of the target detection region;

[0225] The first judgment unit is used to determine whether all the avalanche factors meet the corresponding avalanche conditions.

[0226] The tenth determining unit is used to determine that the target detection area meets the avalanche release condition if all the avalanche factors meet the corresponding avalanche conditions.

[0227] The eleventh determining unit is used to determine that the target detection area is a potential avalanche release area.

[0228] Furthermore, the eleventh determining unit includes:

[0229] The first acquisition subunit is used to acquire the current area of ​​the target detection region;

[0230] The first judgment subunit is used to determine whether the current area is greater than a preset area threshold.

[0231] The first determining subunit is used to determine the target detection area as a potential avalanche release area if the current area is greater than the preset area threshold.

[0232] Reference Figure 4 In terms of hardware structure, the electronic device may include components such as a communication module 10, a memory 20, and a processor 30. In the electronic device, the processor 30 is connected to both the memory 20 and the communication module 10. The memory 20 stores a computer program, which is executed by the processor 30. When the computer program is executed, it implements the steps of the above-described method embodiments.

[0233] The communication module 10 can connect to external communication devices via a network. The communication module 10 can receive requests from the external communication devices and can also send requests, instructions, and information to the external communication devices. The external communication devices can be other electronic devices, servers, or IoT devices, such as televisions, etc.

[0234] The memory 20 can be used to store software programs and various data. The memory 20 may primarily include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system, at least one application program required for a function (such as determining the source slope corresponding to the avalanche deposit based on the dominant slope aspect within a target area), etc.; the data storage area may include a database, and may store data or information created based on system usage, etc. Furthermore, the memory 20 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device.

[0235] The processor 30 is the control center of the electronic device. It connects various parts of the electronic device via various interfaces and lines. By running or executing software programs and / or modules stored in the memory 20, and by calling data stored in the memory 20, it performs various functions and processes data, thereby providing overall monitoring of the electronic device. The processor 30 may include one or more processing units; optionally, the processor 30 may integrate an application processor and a modem processor. The application processor mainly handles the operating system, user interface, and applications, while the modem processor mainly handles wireless communication. It is understood that the modem processor may not be integrated into the processor 30.

[0236] although Figure 4 Not shown, but the above-described electronic device may further include a circuit control module for connecting to a power supply to ensure the normal operation of other components. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 4 The electronic device structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0237] The present invention also proposes a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. The computer-readable storage medium may be... Figure 4 The memory 20 in the electronic device may also be at least one of ROM (Read-Only Memory) / RAM (Random Access Memory), magnetic disk, optical disk, etc. The computer-readable storage medium includes a number of instructions to cause a terminal device with a processor (which may be a television, automobile, mobile phone, computer, server, terminal, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0238] In this invention, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and "fifth" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0239] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0240] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. It is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, and substitutions to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention, and such changes, modifications, and substitutions should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for determining potential avalanche release zones, characterized in that, The method for determining the potential avalanche release zone includes: Acquire data from the target area following an avalanche event; The avalanche deposit data is determined based on the data collected from the target area, and the deposit data includes the dominant slope aspect of the avalanche deposit. Within the target area, determine the source slope surface corresponding to the avalanche deposit based on the dominant slope aspect; The power supply path corresponding to the power supply slope is determined based on the data collected from the target area. The corresponding avalanche deposit, the source path, and the source slope are taken as the target detection area; The target detection area is monitored, and when the target detection area meets the avalanche release conditions, the target detection area is determined to be a potential avalanche release area. The step of determining the source slope surface corresponding to the avalanche deposit within the target area based on the dominant slope aspect includes: Based on the data collected from the target area, multiple slope units are determined within the target area; Determine the slope aspect of each slope unit and calculate the slope aspect difference between the slope aspect and the dominant slope aspect; The slope units whose aspect difference is less than a preset aspect difference threshold are selected as optional slope units; Determine the direction of water flow in each of the optional slope units; The selectable slope unit that determines the direction of water flow through the avalanche deposit is the candidate slope unit; Within the candidate slope unit, the source slope is determined based on the accumulation data; The step of determining the power supply path corresponding to the power supply slope based on the data collected from the target area includes: Obtain digital elevation data from the data collected in the target area; The ridge and gully corresponding to the source slope and the avalanche deposit are determined based on the digital elevation data. The power supply path is obtained by using the ridge as the spatial enclosure of the power supply path and the ditch as the drainage path of the power supply path.

2. The method for determining potential avalanche release zones as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the avalanche deposit data based on the data collected from the target area includes: Obtain the digital elevation model from the data collected in the target area; Determine the target pixel containing the avalanche deposit in the digital elevation model; Calculate the pixel slope aspect of each target pixel; The slope direction of the most pixels is taken as the dominant slope direction of the avalanche deposit.

3. The method for determining potential avalanche release zones as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the source slope surface corresponding to the avalanche deposit within the target area based on the dominant slope aspect includes: Based on the data collected from the target area, multiple slope units are determined within the target area; Determine the accessibility weight function, unit elevation, and slope aspect of each slope unit, wherein the accessibility weight function is negatively correlated with the slope aspect difference of the slope unit and negatively correlated with the distance between the slope and the avalanche deposit. The source score of the slope unit is calculated using the access weight function, unit elevation, and slope aspect. The slope unit whose source score is greater than the preset score threshold is designated as the source slope.

4. The method for determining potential avalanche release zones as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring of the target detection area, and the determination that the target detection area is a potential avalanche release zone when the target detection area meets the avalanche release conditions, includes: Obtain multiple avalanche factors in the target detection region; Determine whether all the avalanche factors satisfy the corresponding avalanche conditions; If all the avalanche factors satisfy the corresponding avalanche conditions, then the target detection area is determined to satisfy the avalanche release conditions. The target detection area was determined to be a potential avalanche release zone.

5. The method for determining potential avalanche release zones as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Determining the target detection area as a potential avalanche release zone includes: Obtain the current area of ​​the target detection region; Determine whether the current area is greater than a preset area threshold; If the current area is greater than the preset area threshold, then the target detection area is determined to be a potential avalanche release area.

6. A device for determining potential avalanche release zones, characterized in that, The avalanche potential release zone determination device includes: The first acquisition module is used to acquire data collected from the target area after an avalanche event occurs. The first determining module is used to determine the avalanche deposit data based on the data collected from the target area, wherein the deposit data includes the dominant slope aspect of the avalanche deposit; The second determining module is used to determine, within the target area, the supply slope surface corresponding to the avalanche deposit based on the dominant slope aspect; The third determining module is used to determine the source supply path corresponding to the source supply slope based on the data collected from the target area. The first execution module is used to take the corresponding avalanche deposit, the source path, and the source slope as the target detection area; The first monitoring module is used to monitor the target detection area, and when the target detection area meets the avalanche release conditions, the target detection area is determined to be a potential avalanche release area; The second determining module includes: The second determining unit is used to determine multiple slope units within the target area based on the data collected from the target area. The third determining unit is used to determine the slope aspect of each slope element and calculate the slope aspect difference between the slope aspect and the dominant slope aspect. The second execution unit is used to select the slope units whose aspect difference is less than a preset aspect difference threshold as optional slope units. The fourth determining unit is used to determine the water flow direction of each of the optional slope units; The fifth determining unit is used to determine the selectable slope unit that the water flows through the avalanche deposit as the candidate slope unit; The sixth determining unit is used to determine the source slope based on the accumulation data within the candidate slope unit; The third determining module includes: The second acquisition unit is used to acquire digital elevation data from the data collected in the target area. The ninth determining unit is used to determine the ridge and gully corresponding to the source slope and the avalanche deposit based on the digital elevation data; The third execution unit is used to use the ridge as the spatial enclosure of the power supply path and the ditch as the drainage path of the power supply path to obtain the power supply path.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the method for determining avalanche potential release zones as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for determining avalanche potential release zones as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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