Apparatus and method for integrated sensing and communication

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to equipment and a method for ISAC. A terminal device receives, from a network device, a configuration indicating a report of a set of measurements for a set of paths. The set of paths is associated with one or more targets. The set of measurements is associated with at least one of a received signal strength, a phase change, or a transmit delay. Based on the configuration, the terminal device reports the set of measurements for the set of paths to the network device. In this manner, a mechanism for sensing measurement reporting may be provided, and thus implementation of ISAC may be enhanced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunications, and in particular, to methods, devices, and computer storage media for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC). BACKGROUND

[0002] ISAC has been proposed to integrate sensing functionality into a communication system. Sensing functionality is expected to enable a network (NW) to “see” the world through wireless signals and other inputs to connect the physical world with the digital world. With ISAC, a NW or user equipment (UE) can have the ability to sense its surroundings and exchange its observations through communication. However, the implementation of ISAC is still unclear and needs further development. SUMMARY

[0003] Generally, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, devices, and computer storage media for ISAC.

[0004] In a first aspect, a terminal device is provided. The terminal device includes a processor. The processor is configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a network device, a configuration indicating reporting of a set of measurement results for a set of paths, the set of paths being associated with one or more targets, the set of measurement results being associated with at least one of a received signal strength, a phase change, or a transmission delay; and report, to the network device based on the configuration, the set of measurement results for the set of paths.

[0005] In a second aspect, a network device is provided. The network device includes a processor. The processor is configured to cause the network device to: transmit, to a sensing node, a configuration indicating reporting of a set of measurement results for a set of paths, the set of paths being associated with one or more targets, the set of measurement results being associated with at least one of a received signal strength, a phase change, or a transmission delay; and receive, from the sensing node based on the configuration, the set of measurement results for the set of paths.

[0006] In a third aspect, a method performed by a terminal device is provided. The method includes: receiving, at the terminal device from a network device, a configuration indicating reporting of a set of measurement results for a set of paths, the set of paths being associated with one or more targets, the set of measurement results being associated with at least one of a received signal strength, a phase change, or a transmission delay; and reporting, to the network device based on the configuration, the set of measurement results for the set of paths.

[0007] In a fourth aspect, a method performed by a network device is provided. The method comprises: sending, to a sensing node, a configuration indicating a report of a set of measurement results for a set of paths, the set of paths being associated with one or more targets, the set of measurement results being associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase change, or transmission delay; and receiving, from the sensing node based on the configuration, the set of measurement results for the set of paths.

[0008] In a fifth aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon is provided. The instructions, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform a method according to the third aspect or the fourth aspect of the present disclosure.

[0009] Other features of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0010] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 An example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented is illustrated; FIG. 2 A schematic diagram illustrating a communication procedure for sensing measurement reporting according to embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated; FIG. 3 A diagram illustrating an example scenario illustrating changes between multiple targets or paths according to embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated; FIG. 4 A diagram illustrating an example ISAC scenario according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated; FIG. 5 A diagram illustrating another example ISAC scenario according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated; FIG. 6 An example communication method implemented at a terminal device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated; FIG. 7 An example communication method implemented at a network device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated; and FIG. 8 A simplified block diagram of a device suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0011] Throughout the drawings, identical or similar reference numerals can represent same or similar elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The principles of this disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are described for illustrative purposes only and are intended to assist those skilled in the art in understanding and implementing this disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various ways other than those described below.

[0013] In the following description and claims, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0014] As used herein, the term "terminal device" refers to any device with wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of terminal devices include, but are not limited to: User Equipment (UE); Personal Computers; Desktop Computers; Mobile Phones; Cellular Phones; Smartphones; Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs); Portable Computers; Tablets; Wearable Devices; Internet of Things (IoT) Devices; Ultra-reliable and Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) Devices; Internet of Everything (IoE) Devices; Machine-type Communication (MTC) Devices; Devices on vehicles for V2X communication, where X refers to pedestrians, vehicles, or infrastructure / networks; Devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB); Spacecraft or Aircraft Vehicles in Non-terrestrial Networks (NTNs), including satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) covering Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS); and different types of reality (such as Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed Reality (MR)). Extended Reality (XR) devices, including those for Virtual Reality (VR) and Virtual Reality (VR); unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), often referred to as drones (aircraft without human pilots); devices on high-speed trains (HSTs); or image capture devices such as digital cameras and sensors; gaming devices; music storage and playback equipment; or internet devices enabling wireless or wired internet access and browsing. "Terminal devices" may further possess "multicast / broadcast" characteristics to support public safety and mission-critical applications, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, wireless software delivery, group communications, and IoT applications. "Terminal devices" may also incorporate one or more Subscriber Identity Modules (SIMs), the latter being referred to as multi-SIM. The term "terminal device" is used interchangeably with UE, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile terminal, user terminal, or wireless device.

[0015] The term "network equipment" can refer to core network equipment and / or access network equipment. The term "core network equipment" refers to any device or entity that provides access and mobility management function (AMF), network exposure function (NEF), authentication server function (AUSF), unified data management (UDM), session management function (SMF), user plane function (UPF), location management function (LMF), sensing function (SF), etc. In other embodiments, core network elements can be any other suitable device or entity that provides any other suitable functionality.

[0016] The term "access network equipment" refers to equipment capable of providing or hosting communication for terminal devices within a cell or coverage area. Examples of network equipment include, but are not limited to, satellites, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAS) systems, NodeBs (or NBs), evolved NodeBs (eNodeBs or eNBs), next-generation NodeBs (gNBs), transmission reception points (TRPs), remote radio units (RRUs), radio heads (RHs), remote radio heads (RRHs), IAB nodes, low-power nodes (such as femtonodes and piconodes), reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), etc.

[0017] Terminal devices or network devices may have artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning capabilities. Terminal devices or network devices typically include models that have been trained on specific functions based on a large amount of collected data and can be used to predict some information.

[0018] Terminal or network devices can operate within several frequency ranges, such as FR1 (410MHz to 7125MHz), FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz), bands above 100GHz, and terahertz (THz). They can also operate on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. In Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) applications, terminal devices can be connected to more than one network device. Terminal or network devices can operate in full-duplex, flexible-duplex, and cross-division duplex modes.

[0019] The embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in test equipment (e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal equipment, test network equipment, channel simulator).

[0020] In one embodiment, the terminal device may be connected to a first network device and a second network device. One of the first and second network devices may be a master node, and the other may be a slave node. The first and second network devices may use different Radio Access Technologies (RATs). In one embodiment, the first network device may be a first RAT device, and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In one embodiment, the first RAT device is an eNB, and the second RAT device is a gNB. Information related to different RATs may be sent to the terminal device from at least one of the first or second network devices. In one embodiment, first information may be sent from the first network device to the terminal device, and second information may be sent from the second network device directly or via the first network device to the terminal device. In one embodiment, configuration-related information configured by the second network device for the terminal device may be sent from the second network device via the first network device. Reconfiguration-related information configured by the second network device for the terminal device may be sent from the second network device directly or via the first network device to the terminal device.

[0021] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “comprising” and its variations should be understood as open terms meaning “including, but not limited to.” The term “based on” should be understood as “at least partially based on.” The terms “one implementation” and “implementation” should be understood as “at least one implementation.” The term “another implementation” should be understood as “at least one other implementation.” The terms “first,” “second,” etc., may refer to different or the same objects. Other explicit and implicit definitions are given below.

[0022] In some examples, values, programs, or devices are described as “best,” “lowest,” “highest,” “smallest,” “maximum,” etc. It should be understood that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a choice can be made among many alternative functionalities used, and that such a choice is not necessarily better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferred than other choices.

[0023] In the context of this disclosure, the term "sensing operation" can refer to the functionality of obtaining information about the characteristics of an environment and / or objects within that environment (e.g., shape, size, orientation, velocity, location, distance between objects, or relative motion, etc.) using new radio (NR) radio frequency (RF) signals and, in some cases, previously defined information available in the evolved packet core (EPC) and / or evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA). The term "sensing transmitter" can be an entity that transmits sensing signals that a sensing service will use in its operation. The term "sensing receiver" can be an entity that receives sensing signals that a sensing service will use in its operation. A sensing transmitter may be located in the same or a different entity as a sensing receiver. The term "sensing transmitter" is used interchangeably with "transmitting (Tx) sensing node," and the term "sensing receiver" is used interchangeably with "receiving (Rx) sensing node." The terms "sensing transmitter" or "sensing receiver" are used interchangeably with "sensing node."

[0024] For a sensing transmitter, the sensing signal can be a wireless signal transmitted by the sensing transmitter, such as a synchronization signal block (SSB), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a remote interference management reference signal (RIM-RS), or any other suitable signal. For a sensing receiver, the sensing signal can be a wireless signal that is directly received or affected (e.g., reflected, refracted, or diffracted) by the sensing receiver.

[0025] In the context of this disclosure, the term "sensing measurement" may refer to a measurement based on a sensing signal and is used interchangeably with "measurement". The term "sensing signal" may also be referred to as "reference signal (RS) for sensing operation" or "sensing RS" or "signal including data for sensing operation". The sensing signal may be an existing RS, such as a positioning reference signal (PRS) or a probe reference signal (SRS) or any other existing RS. Alternatively, the sensing signal may be a new RS or a dedicated RS for sensing operation.

[0026] In the context of this disclosure, the term "target" may be used interchangeably with "object". The term "sensing resource" may be used interchangeably with "resource". The term "primary resource" may refer to the resource with the highest received signal strength.

[0027] In the context of this disclosure, the term "above" is used interchangeably with "above or equal to" or "greater than or equal to". The term "below" is used interchangeably with "below or equal to" or "less than or equal to".

[0028] The embodiments disclosed herein provide a sensing measurement reporting solution. In this solution, a terminal device receives from a network device a configuration indicating a report of a set of measurements for a set of paths. This set of paths is associated with one or more targets. The set of measurements is associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase change, or transmission delay. Based on this configuration, the terminal device reports the set of measurements for the set of paths to the network device. In this way, a mechanism for sensing measurement reporting is provided, and thus the implementation of ISAC is enhanced.

[0029] The principles and specific implementations of this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Examples of communication networks FIG. 1 A schematic diagram of an example communication network 100 in which some embodiments of this disclosure may be implemented is illustrated. For example... FIG. 1 As shown, the communication network 100 may include terminal equipment 110, access network equipment 120, core network equipment 130, and object 140.

[0031] In some implementations, access network device 120 may provide one or more serving cells (not shown) to serve terminal device 110. FIG. 1In the example, terminal device 110 may have sensing and communication capabilities (i.e., support for ISAC), and access network device 120 may have sensing and communication capabilities (i.e., support for ISAC). In some embodiments, terminal device 110 may transmit wireless signals to access network device 120 and / or receive wireless signals from access network device 120.

[0032] exist FIG. 1 In the example, terminal device 110 may be a sensing transmitter or a sensing receiver, or both. Access network device 120 may also be a sensing transmitter or a sensing receiver, or both. The sensing transmitter may transmit sensing signals toward object 140, and object 140 may reflect, refract, or diffract the sensing signals to the sensing receiver.

[0033] Various sensing modes are possible. In some embodiments, the sensing transmitter can be access network device 120, and the sensing receiver can be terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the sensing transmitter can be terminal device 110, and the sensing receiver can be access network device 120. In some embodiments, the sensing transmitter can be access network device 120, and the sensing receiver can be another network device (not shown). In some embodiments, the sensing receiver can be access network device 120, and the sensing transmitter can be another network device (not shown). In some embodiments, the sensing transmitter can be terminal device 110, and the sensing receiver can be another terminal device (not shown). In some embodiments, the sensing receiver can be terminal device 110, and the sensing transmitter can be another terminal device (not shown). In some embodiments, the sensing receiver and the sensing transmitter can be the same access network device 120. In some embodiments, the sensing receiver and the sensing transmitter can be the same terminal device 110.

[0034] Core network equipment 130 may have SF (Secondary Service Provider). In some implementations, terminal equipment 110 may communicate with core network equipment 130 via access network equipment 120.

[0035] Terminal device 110 can communicate with access network device 120 via the Uu interface. Access network device 120 can communicate with core network device 130 via the Ng interface. Communication in communication network 100 can conform to any suitable standard, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE Evolution, LTE-A, NR, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN), Machine Type Communication (MTC), etc. Embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented according to any generation of communication protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of communication protocols include, but are not limited to, first-generation (1G) communication protocols, second-generation (2G) communication protocols, 2.5G communication protocols, 2.75G communication protocols, third-generation (3G) communication protocols, fourth-generation (4G) communication protocols, 4.5G communication protocols, fifth-generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced Networks, or sixth-generation (6G) networks.

[0036] It should be understood that FIG. 1 The number of devices and / or objects described is given for illustrative purposes and does not imply any limitation on this disclosure. The communication network 100 may include any suitable number of access network devices and / or terminal devices and / or core network devices and / or objects suitable for implementing specific embodiments of this disclosure.

[0037] It remains unclear how to implement sense measurement reporting in ISAC. Therefore, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication solution for implementing sense measurement reporting in ISAC. Reference will be made below. FIG. 2 to FIG. 7 Provide a detailed description.

[0038] Example implementations of sensing measurement reporting FIG. 2 A schematic diagram illustrating a communication process 200 for sensing measurement reporting according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For discussion purposes, reference will be made to... FIG. 1Describe process 200. Process 200 may involve network device 201 and sensing node 202. Network device 201 may be as follows: FIG. 1 The illustrated access network device 120 or core network device 130. Sensing node 202 may be terminal device 110 or another access network device (not shown). Sensing node 202 may be a Tx sensing node or an Rx sensing node.

[0039] like FIG. 2 As shown, sensing node 202 can report sensing capabilities to network device 201 (210). In some embodiments, network device 201 can send a sensing capability request (211) to sensing node 202. For example, SF can send a sensing capability request to Tx sensing nodes and Rx sensing nodes. In response to a sensing capability request, sensing node 202 can report sensing capabilities to network device 201 (212). Alternatively, sensing node 202 can report sensing capabilities to network device 201 even if it has not received a sensing capability request. For example, Tx sensing nodes and Rx sensing nodes can send their sensing capabilities to SF.

[0040] In some implementations, the sensing node 202 may transmit its capability regarding the number of targets it can track simultaneously. It should be understood that any other capability information may also be available.

[0041] Continue to refer to FIG. 2 Network device 201 can send a sensing request 220 to sensing node 202. For example, SF can send sensing requests to Tx sensing nodes and Rx sensing nodes.

[0042] like FIG. 2 As shown, network device 201 can send a configuration 230 to sensing node 202 instructing a report of a set of measurement results for a set of paths. In other words, the configuration instructs a measurement report for each path. The set of paths may include one or more paths. In some embodiments, a path may be associated with a target. In some embodiments, multiple paths may be associated with a target.

[0043] In some embodiments, the set of measurements may include one or more measurements. In some embodiments, the set of measurements may be associated with received signal strength. In some embodiments, received signal strength may include signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indication (RSSI), reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), reference signal received path power (RSRPP), received signal strength indication of path (RSSIP), or received signal strength indication of path (RSSPI), etc.

[0044] In some embodiments, the set of measurements associated with the received signal strength for a path may include at least one of the following: the distance between the sensing node and the target associated with the path; the velocity of the target; the angle between the sensing node and the target; the received signal strength on the path; the received beam index for the path; or the received beamwidth for the path. In some embodiments, the distance between the sensing node and the target may include at least one of the following: the Tx distance between the sensing node and the target; the Rx distance between the sensing node and the target; or the sum of the Tx distance between the sensing node and the target and the Rx distance between the sensing node and the target.

[0045] In some embodiments, the set of measurements may be correlated with phase changes. In some embodiments, the set of measurements correlated with phase changes for a path may include the phase change along the path or the Doppler shift derived from the phase change along the path.

[0046] In some implementations, the set of measurements may be associated with transmission delay. In some implementations, the set of measurements associated with transmission delay for a path may include at least one of the following: transmission delay on the path; or differential delay on the path relative to a reference path.

[0047] In some embodiments, the configuration may include a first set of change thresholds for changes in the group of measurements for each path in the group of paths. In some embodiments, the configuration may include a second set of change thresholds for changes in the group of measurements between two adjacent paths in the group of paths. Either the first set of change thresholds or the second set of change thresholds may be used as a condition to trigger a sensing measurement report.

[0048] Continue to refer to FIG. 2 The network device 201 can send 240 auxiliary information for sensing measurements to the sensing node 202. Based on the auxiliary information, the sensing node can determine one or more targets to report or detect.

[0049] In some implementations, the auxiliary information may include a range of the expected number of targets. For example, the auxiliary information may include {M, N}, where M represents the expected number of targets and N represents the associated uncertainty. That is, the expected number of targets may be MN to M+N. In some implementations, the sensing node 202 may determine the number of targets to be reported or detected based on the following formula (1).

[0050] Nt = max {MN, min {K, M+N}} (1) Where Nt represents the number of targets to be reported or detected, M represents the expected number of targets, N represents the relevant uncertainty, and K represents the predetermined value or the actual number of targets detected by the sensing node.

[0051] In some implementations, the auxiliary information may include the range of expected reception time differences for a target. For example, the auxiliary information may include the expected reference signal time difference (RSTD) and associated uncertainties for each target. In some implementations, the sensing node 202 may determine a detection window based on the expected RSTD and associated uncertainties. In some implementations, multiple windows corresponding to multiple expected RSTDs for multiple targets may be combined into a single detection window.

[0052] In some implementations, the auxiliary information may include a range of expected angles for the target. For example, the auxiliary information may include the expected angle and associated uncertainty for each target. In some implementations, based on the expected angle and associated uncertainty, the sensing node 202 may determine the minimum number of receive beams for detecting all targets in a detection area related to the expected angle. In some implementations, based on the expected angle and associated uncertainty, the sensing node 202 may determine the minimum number of transmit beams for detecting all targets in a detection area related to the expected angle.

[0053] In some implementations, the auxiliary information may include a range of expected beam indices (IDs) for a target. For example, the auxiliary information may include the expected beam ID and associated uncertainties for each target. In some implementations, based on the expected beam ID and associated uncertainties, the sensing node 202 may determine a set of receive beams for detecting targets in the detection area. In some implementations, based on the expected beam ID and associated uncertainties, the sensing node 202 may determine a set of transmit beams for detecting targets in the detection area.

[0054] In some implementations, auxiliary information may include a range of expected received signal strength for a target. The range of expected received signal strength may be associated with the target's material, the target's orientation, and the distance associated with the target. In some implementations, received signal strength may include SINR, RSSI, RSRP, RSRQ, RSRPP, RSSIP, etc. For example, auxiliary information may include the expected received signal strength and associated uncertainty for each target. This implicitly indicates the number of expected targets when a received signal strength greater than an intensity threshold is a necessary condition for effective target detection. Therefore, based on the expected received signal strength and associated uncertainty, sensing node 202 may determine one or more targets to be reported or detected, or sensing node 202 may determine one or more paths associated with the one or more targets to be reported or detected.

[0055] In some implementations, the auxiliary information may include expected line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information for the path. For example, the auxiliary information may include expected LOS or NLOS indicators for each path.

[0056] For illustration, an example configuration of auxiliary information can be described as follows.

[0057] NR-DL-PRS-AssistanceDataPerTRP-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { dl-PRS-ID-r16 INTEGER (0..255), nr-PhysCellID-r16 NR-PhysCellID-r16 OPTIONAL, -- Need ON nr-CellGlobalID-r16 NCGI-r15 OPTIONAL, -- Need ON nr-ARFCN-r16 ARFCN-ValueNR-r15 OPTIONAL, -- Need ON nr-DL-PRS-SFN0-Offset-r16 NR-DL-PRS-SFN0-Offset-r16, nr-DL-PRS-ExpectedRSTD-r16 INTEGER (-3841..3841), nr-DL-PRS-ExpectedRSTD-Uncertainty-r16 INTEGER (0..246), nr-DL-PRS-Info-r16 NR-DL-PRS-Info-r16, ..., [[ prs-OnlyTP-r16 ENUMERATED { true} OPTIONAL -- Need ON ]], [[ nr-DL-PRS-ExpectedAoD-or-AoA-r17 NR-DL-PRS-ExpectedAoD-or-AoA-r17OPTIONAL -- Need ON ]] [[ nr-DL-PRS-ExpectedRSTDDiffList-r19 SIZE(1..8) OF INTEGER(0,3814)OPTIONAL nr-DL-PRS-ExpectedNumofTargets-r19 INTEGER(5,10,20) OPTIONALnr-DL-PRS-ExpectedRatioofTargets-Uncertainty-r19 ENUMERATED (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4,0.5) OPTIONAL nr-DL-PRS-ExpectedAoD-or-AOAlist-r19 SIZE(1..8) OF NR-DL-PRS-ExpectedAoD-or-AoA-r17 OPTIONAL ]] } NR-DL-PRS-ExpectedLOS-NLOS-AssistancePerResource-r17 ::= SEQUENCE { nr-DL-PRS-ExpectedLOS-NLOS-AssistancePerResource-r17 SIZE(1..nrMaxResourcesPerSet-r16) OF LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r17 nr-DL-PRS-ExpectedLOS-NLOS-AssistancePerPathList-r19 SEQUENCE{ ResourceIndex INTEGER(0.. nrMaxResourcesPerSet-r19) nr-DL-PRS-ExpectedLOS-NLOS-AssistancePerPathList SIZE(1..nrMaxPathLOSNLOSperSet-r19) OF LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19 } } In this example, IE "nr-DL-PRS-ExpectedRSTDDiffList-r19" represents the expected RSTD for each target, IE "nr-DL-PRS-ExpectedNumofTargets-r19" represents the expected number of targets, IE "nr-DL-PRS-ExpectedRatioofTargets-Uncertainty-r19" represents the uncertainty of the expected number of targets, IE "nr-DL-PRS-ExpectedAoD-or-AOAlist-r19" represents the expected AOD or AOA angle list for one or more targets, and IE "nr-DL-PRS-ExpectedLOS-NLOS-AssistancePerPathList-r19" represents the expected LOS or NLOS information for the path list.

[0058] By utilizing auxiliary information, sensing performance can be ensured in a low-complexity and low-cost manner.

[0059] Continue to refer to FIG. 2Based on this configuration, sensing node 202 can report 250 of the set of measurements for that set of paths to network device 201. In some embodiments, sensing node 202 can perform non-periodic or triggered reporting according to predefined conditions. In some embodiments, sensing node 202 can report the set of measurements only when the change of one or more measurements is above a given threshold. When the change of any measurement in the set of measurements is below the given threshold, sensing node 202 may not send a report or report no change.

[0060] refer to FIG. 2 In some implementations, sensing node 202 may determine changes in the set of measurements for a path within the set of paths, and determine a change threshold corresponding to the measurement from a first set of change thresholds. If the change in the measurement exceeds the change threshold, sensing node 202 may report the set of measurements. The path is associated with a single target.

[0061] For example, the conditions for reporting can be expressed as formula (2) or (3) below.

[0062] (2) or (3) in A function representing at least one measurement result (or measurement type or measurement parameter). Indicates the first i The change in the measurement result, and This indicates the threshold for change.

[0063] In some implementations, sensing node 202 may select one or more measurements from the set of measurements based on at least one of the sensing node's capabilities or sensing requirements. For example, sensing node 202 may select one of the following: the distance between the sensing node and a target associated with the path; or the transmission delay on the path. The distance between the sensing node and the target associated with the path may include at least one of the following: the distance between the Tx sensing node and the target associated with the path; the distance between the Rx sensing node and the target associated with the path; or the sum of the distances between the Tx sensing node and the target and the Rx sensing node and the target. In another example, sensing node 202 may select one of the following: the velocity of the target associated with the path; or the phase shift on the path. In yet another example, sensing node 202 may select one of the following: the angle of the target associated with the path; the beam ID or beam ID pair for the path; the beamwidth for the path; or the received signal strength of each beam or each beam pair. A beam pair may include one beam from the Tx sensing node and one beam from the Rx sensing node. Then, the sensing node 202 can report one or more selected measurement results.

[0064] In other words, if sensing node 202 has the ability to distinguish different targets based on measurement results, then the measurement results can be determined or reported for each target or for each target and each sensing resource. Otherwise, the measurement results can be determined or reported for each path or for each path and each sensing resource. In some implementations, a sensing resource may correspond to a beam, or a quasi-colocation (QCL) information, or a spatial relationship, or a transmission configuration indication (TCI) status.

[0065] In some implementations, different measurement results (or measurement types or measurement parameters) may have different factors or sub-functions in this function. For example, a function of at least one measurement result may be expressed as formula (4) or (4') as follows.

[0066] (4) or (4') in A function representing at least one measurement result (or measurement type or measurement parameter). Indicates the first i The change in the measurement result, and Indicates the first iThe threshold for the change of each measurement result. It can be seen that when any measurement result exceeds the threshold, the sensing node 202 can trigger a measurement report.

[0067] In another example, at least one measurement result can be expressed as a function of the following formula (5) or (5').

[0068] (5) (5') in A function representing at least one measurement result (or measurement type or measurement parameter). Indicates the first i The change in the measurement result, and Indicates the first i The threshold for the change of each measurement result. It can be seen that when all measurement results exceed the threshold, the sensing node 202 can trigger a measurement report.

[0069] In yet another example, at least one measurement result can be expressed as a function of the following formula (6).

[0070] (6) in A function representing at least one measurement result (or measurement type or measurement parameter), and Indicates the first i The change in each measurement result. It can be seen that when the combined change of at least one measurement result exceeds a threshold, the sensing node 202 can trigger a measurement report.

[0071] In some implementations, different combination functions can be applied for different scenarios, or even for the same type of measurement. For example, the distance variation in the function or subfunction may be in meters for outdoor scenarios and in centimeters for indoor or factory scenarios.

[0072] In some implementations, different thresholds can be applied to different scenarios. For example, the threshold for outdoor scenarios can be higher than the threshold for indoor scenarios.

[0073] In this way, the conditions for measurement reports can be defined for a single target or route. A description of defining the conditions for measurement reports for multiple targets or routes is given below.

[0074] In some implementations, for each of the plurality of targets or paths, whether to report a measurement result may be determined based on conditions defined for a single target or path (as described above in conjunction with step 251, for example, any of formulas (2) to (6)). In some implementations, sensing node 202 may trigger a measurement report if one of the plurality of targets satisfies the conditions defined for a single target or path. In some implementations, sensing node 202 may trigger a measurement report if one of the plurality of targets satisfies the conditions defined for a single target or path, and the corresponding received signal strength (RSRP or RSRPP, etc.) for that single target is also above a strength threshold.

[0075] In some implementations, whether to report measurement results can be determined based on changes in measurement results across multiple paths or targets. (Reference) FIG. 3 In some embodiments, sensing node 202 may determine changes in the measurement results within the set of measurements between two paths or two adjacent paths, and determine a change threshold corresponding to the measurement result from a second set of change thresholds. If the change in the measurement result is higher than the change threshold, sensing node 202 may report the set of measurements. In some embodiments, two adjacent paths may mean that the two paths are adjacent in transmission delay. In some embodiments, two adjacent paths may mean that the two paths are adjacent in a given order determined by one or more measurement results.

[0076] FIG. 3 Figure 300 illustrates an example scenario illustrating variations among multiple objectives or paths according to embodiments of this disclosure. For example... τ As shown, three targets or paths 301, 302, and 303 are detected. The transmission delays of targets or paths 301, 302, and 303 are measured at detection times t0 and t1, respectively. In this example, τ_dif This represents the threshold defined for the delay of a single target or path, and FIG. 3 This represents the threshold defined for the differential delay between two targets or paths, or between two adjacent targets or adjacent paths.

[0077] like δ1 As shown, the differential delay of target or path 301 between detection times t0 and t1 τ Below the threshold δ2 And the differential delay of target or path 302 between detection times t0 and t1 τ It is also below the threshold. δ1+δ2 However, the differential delay between target or path 301 and 302 τ_dif Above the threshold FIG. 3 Therefore, the measurement results for targets or paths 301 and 302 can be reported. For example...δ3 As shown, the differential delay of target or path 303 between detection times t0 and t1 τ Above the threshold FIG. 3 Therefore, the measurement results for target or path 303 can be reported. That is, the measurement results for all three targets or paths 301, 302, and 303 can be reported.

[0078] Despite the combination FIG. 4 This describes the distance or transmission delay difference between the target or path, but the same procedure can also be applied to velocity or phase shift differences, or to angle, beam ID, or width differences. For the sake of brevity, other details are omitted here.

[0079] In some implementations, sensing node 202 can determine the order of the measurement results within the set. Based on this order, sensing node 202 can determine the change in measurement results between two adjacent paths. In other words, sensing node 202 can determine whether to trigger a measurement report based on the higher-ranked measurement results. If no measurement report is triggered, sensing node 202 can determine whether to trigger a measurement report based on the lower-ranked measurement results.

[0080] In some implementations, the order can be configured by network device 201. In some implementations, the order can be determined based on sensing measurements of the target or path. For example, the order can be determined based on the order of delay, phase, angle, RSRPP, and RSSI for each target or path. In some implementations, different orders can be applied for different scenarios or sensing requirements. In some implementations, the order can be determined based on a predefined priority order (e.g., delay > RSRP / RSRPP > beam / angle > velocity) according to multiple measurement types.

[0081] In some implementations, whether to report a measurement result can be determined based on the number of missing existing targets or paths. In some implementations, if the received signal strength associated with an existing target or path is below a threshold... (Also referred to herein as the first intensity threshold), then sensing node 202 can determine that the present target or path has disappeared. In some embodiments, if the received signal strength associated with the present target or path is within... Within a number of consecutive time periods (also referred to in this paper as the first number of consecutive time periods), the value is below the threshold. If the sensing node 202 determines that the existing target or path has disappeared.

[0082] In some implementations, whether to report measurement results can be determined based on the number of new targets or paths that appear. In some implementations, if the received signal strength associated with a target or path is higher than a threshold... (Also referred to herein as the second intensity threshold), the sensing node 202 can determine that a new target or path has appeared. In some embodiments, if the received signal strength associated with the target or path is within... Within a number of consecutive time periods (also referred to in this paper as the second number of consecutive time periods), the value is above the threshold. Then, sensing node 202 can determine that a new target or path has appeared. In some implementations, In some implementations, this is used to determine whether a target or path has disappeared or reappeared. , , and The value can be configured by network device 201. In some implementations, , , and The value can be predefined.

[0083] This concludes the description of the conditions used to trigger a measurement report. The following section describes the content and format of the measurement report.

[0084] In some implementations, sensing node 202 may report multiple measurement types for each target or path. In some implementations, sensing node 202 may report the time difference between TRPs of the associated paths for a target. In some implementations, sensing node 202 may report the received signal strength of the associated paths for a target. In some implementations, sensing node 202 may report the beam ID of the associated paths for a target. In some implementations, sensing node 202 may report the Doppler shift of the associated paths for a target.

[0085] In some implementations targeting multiple targets or paths, sensing node 202 may report an absolute value for the starting target or path (e.g., the first target or path in sequence) and report the difference from that absolute value for other targets or paths.

[0086] In some implementations, the sensing node 202 may determine the number of valid targets or paths to be reported or maintained. In some implementations, the number of valid targets or paths may be determined based on the following formula (7).

[0087] (7) in This indicates the number of valid objectives or pathways to be reported or maintained. This indicates the number of actual targets or paths whose RSRPP or RSSIP values ​​are greater than the threshold P0, and This indicates the maximum tracking target or path supported by sensor node 202.

[0088] In some implementations, the number of effective targets or paths can be determined based on the following formula (8).

[0089] (8) in This indicates the number of valid objectives or pathways to be reported or maintained. Indicates the number of configurations for the targets or paths to be reported. In some implementations, if reporting... ,but ≤ In some implementations, if The report then has the following characteristics: A target or path for an RSRPP or RSSIP. In some implementations, if Then all targets or paths with RSRPP or RSSIP values ​​greater than the threshold are... Report in the form of empty or invalid values.

[0090] In some implementations, it is possible to report having the largest Measurement results of a target or path of an RSRPP or RSSIP.

[0091] In some implementations targeting multiple targets or paths, sensing node 202 may determine the order in which measurement results for the multiple targets or paths are reported. In some implementations, sensing node 202 may report the measurement results for the multiple targets or paths under the same resource or sensing resource in descending order of received signal strength (such as RSRPP or RSSIP). In some implementations, sensing node 202 may report the measurement results for the multiple targets or paths under the same resource or sensing resource in ascending order of transmission delay. In some implementations, sensing node 202 may correlate received signal strength (such as RSRPP or RSSIP) with transmission delay one by one, and report the measurement results for the multiple targets or paths based on both received signal strength (such as RSRPP or RSSIP) and transmission delay. For example, a smaller received signal strength may be associated with a larger transmission delay.

[0092] In some implementations, network device 201 may configure or instruct sensing node 202 on the order in which measurement results of the plurality of targets or paths are reported. In some implementations, network device 201 may request sensing node 202 to specify the order in which measurement results of the plurality of targets or paths are reported.

[0093] In some implementations targeting multiple targets or paths, sensing node 202 can determine the mapping between measurement results and targets / paths. It is assumed that a set of measurement results may correspond to one path. In some implementations, when a report includes a set of measurement results corresponding to one or more measurement types corresponding to a path, sensing node 202 can treat that set of measurement results as a single target. In some implementations, multiple sets of measurement results corresponding to multiple paths can be mapped to a single target. For example, prior information may be required, and more than one path can be combined or aggregated based on that prior information.

[0094] In some implementations targeting multiple targets or paths, sensing node 202 may report measurement results for some or all of the targets or paths. In some implementations, sensing node 202 may report only the measurement results for targets or paths that meet the conditions used to trigger a measurement report. For example, sensing node 202 may report the IDs of the targets or paths that meet the conditions. This approach achieves low overhead.

[0095] In some implementations, if any target or path meets the conditions for triggering a measurement report, the sensing node 202 can report the measurement results for all targets or paths. In this way, detection or decoding errors between instances can be independent.

[0096] In some implementations, if any target or path meets the condition for triggering a measurement report, the sensing node 202 may determine, based on sensing requirements or channel quality, whether to report measurements for the target or path that meets the condition, or to report measurements for all targets or paths. For example, for high sensing requirements, the sensing node 202 may report measurements for all targets or paths. For low sensing requirements, the sensing node 202 may report measurements only for the target or path that meets the condition. For example, for low channel quality, the sensing node 202 may report measurements for all targets or paths. For high channel quality, the sensing node 202 may report measurements only for the target or path that meets the condition.

[0097] In some implementations, network device 201 can be configured with a reporting policy that indicates whether to report measurement results for targets or paths that meet a certain condition, or to report measurement results for all targets or paths. In this case, sensing node 202 can send measurement reports based on the configured reporting policy.

[0098] In this way, rules for non-periodic or triggered reporting with low overhead can be defined for sensing measurement reporting.

[0099] In some implementations, this set of measurements may be based on E-CID technology. In these implementations, sensing node 202 can report this set of measurements by reporting the received signal strength on a first path and the strength differences relative to the first path on a set of second paths. This will be combined with... FIG. 4 Provide a more detailed description.

[0100] FIG. 4 A diagram illustrating an example ISAC scenario 400 according to some embodiments of this disclosure is provided. In this example, sensing based on enhanced cell identity (E-CID) can be applied to scenario 400. For example, TRP1, TRP2, TRP3, and TRP4 are used as Tx sensing nodes, and the UE is used as an Rx sensing node. TRP1 is the primary cell, and TRP2, TRP3, and TRP4 are neighboring cells. There are two objectives: objective 1 and objective 2.

[0101] exist FIG. 4 In this diagram, we assume that P1, P2, P3, and P4 are the main paths to resource P in each TRP, and Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are the main paths to resource Q in each TRP. It should be understood that one or more additional paths may exist for each resource in each TRP, but only P41 is shown.

[0102] For TRP1, the UE can report the received signal strength of the sensed signal at the cell level (e.g., RSRP or RSRQ). Alternatively or in addition, the UE can report the received signal strength of the sensed signal at the resource level (e.g., RSRP or RSRQ). In some implementations, the UE can report the received signal strength for each path per resource. FIG. 5 As shown, the UE can report the received signal strength (e.g., RSRP or RSRQ) on paths P1 and Q1 respectively. Similarly, the UE can report the received signal strength on paths P2 and Q2 for TRP2 respectively, and report the received signal strength on paths P3 and Q3 for TRP3 respectively.

[0103] For TRP4, the UE can report the received signal strength on paths P4, Q4, and P41. It reports the received signal strength on paths P4 and P41, which have the same beam ID or the same resources, respectively. It reports the independent power of path P4 and can also report the power difference between path P41 and P4.

[0104] For illustration, an example measurement report for E-CID-based sensing can be described as follows.

[0105] NR-MeasuredResultsList-r19 ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..32)) OF NR-MeasuredResultsElement-r19 NR-MeasuredResultsElement-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { nr-PhysCellID-r16 NR-PhysCellID-r16, … resultsSSB-Cell-r16 MeasQuantityResults-r16 OPTIONAL, resultsCSI-RS-Cell-r16 MeasQuantityResults-r16 OPTIONAL, resultsSSB-Indexes-r16 ResultsPerSSB-IndexList-r16 OPTIONAL, resultsCSI-RS-Indexes-r16 ResultsPerCSI-RS-IndexList-r16 OPTIONAL, [resultsSSB-Cell-r19 MeasQuantityResults-r19 OPTIONAL, resultsCSI-RS-Cell-r19 MeasQuantityResults-r19 OPTIONAL, resultsSSB-Indexes-r19 ResultsPerSSB-IndexList-r19 OPTIONAL, resultsCSI-RS-Indexes-r19 ResultsPerCSI-RS-IndexList-r19 OPTIONAL, ] ...} MeasQuantityResults-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { nr-RSRP-r19 INTEGER (0..127) OPTIONAL, nr-RSRQ-r19 INTEGER (0..127) OPTIONAL fisrtPathRSRP INTEGER (0..127) OPTIONAL additionalPathRSRPDifflist SIZE(1..4) AddPathPowerDiff OPTIONAL } AddPathPowerDiff INTEGER (-32,32) In this example, the information element "MeasQuantityResults-r19" represents the measurement results for one or more targets or paths. The IE "firstPathRSRP" represents the RSRP of the first path or the path with the largest RSRPP; the IE "additionalPathRSRPDifflist" represents a list of RSRP differences for the second paths in this group relative to the RSRP or RSRPP of the first path, or a list of RSRP differences for the second paths in this group relative to the RSRP or RSRPP of the most recent preceding path; and the IE "AddPathPowerDiff" represents the RSRP or RSRPP difference for one of the second paths in this group. It should be understood that all values ​​in these IEs are merely examples. The RSRP or RSRPP of the i-th path can be determined by adding the difference to the RSRP of the first path or the (i-1)-th path. It should be understood that RSRPP can be replaced with RSSI or RSSIP, especially when the signal used for sensing is a data signal.

[0106] In some implementations, the path may include a first link between the target associated with the path and an Rx sensing node, and a second link between the target and a Tx sensing node. In these implementations, LOS or NLOS information for the first and second links may be reported for the path.

[0107] In some implementations, a hard LOS / NLOS type definition may be introduced. LOS or NLOS information can indicate the LOS / NLOS type. In some implementations, if both the first and second links are LOS for the path, the LOS / NLOS type is LOS. If only one of the first and second links is LOS for the path, the LOS / NLOS type is half-LOS or NLOS type 1. If both the first and second links are NLOS, the LOS / NLOS type is NLOS or NLOS type 2. In some implementations, if both the first and second links are LOS for the path, the LOS / NLOS type is LOS. If the first link is LOS and the second link is NLOS for the path, the LOS / NLOS type is NLOS type 1. If the second link is LOS and the first link is NLOS for the path, the LOS / NLOS type is NLOS type 2. If both the first and second links are NLOS, the LOS / NLOS type is NLOS type 3. It should be understood that these LOS / NLOS types are merely examples, and any other suitable definition of LOS / NLOS types is also possible.

[0108] In some implementations, a soft LOS / NLOS type definition may be introduced. For example, the LOS or NLOS information for the first and second links may include X and Y, where X represents the probability that the first link is LOS and Y represents the probability that the second link is LOS.

[0109] For illustration, we will combine FIG. 5 Some example implementation schemes are provided. FIG. 5 A diagram illustrating another example of an ISAC scenario 500 according to some embodiments of this disclosure is shown. FIG. 5 In this diagram, we assume that P1, P2, P3, and P4 are the main paths to resource P in each TRP, and Q1, Q21, Q3, and Q4 are the main paths to resource Q in each TRP. It should be understood that one or more additional paths may exist for each resource in each TRP, but only P41, Q22, and Q23 are shown.

[0110] In some implementations, downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA) based sensing can be applied to scenario 500. For example, TRP1, TRP2, TRP3, and TRP4 are used as Tx sensing nodes, and the UE is used as an Rx sensing node. TRP1 is a reference TRP. There are three targets: target 1, target 2, and target 3.

[0111] For TRP2 / TRP3 / TRP4, the UE can report the transmission delay (e.g., RSTD) of path P2 / P3 / P4 relative to path P1. Furthermore, the UE can report the received signal strength (e.g., RSRP) on paths P2 / P3 / P4 and one or more additional paths (e.g., P41 for P4) under the same resources as paths P2 / P3 / P4. For each additional path other than P2 / P3 / P4, the UE can report the time difference relative to the time associated with the transmission delay (e.g., RSTD) of path P2 / P3 / P4. For example, for additional path P41 under the same resources, the UE can report the transmission delay of path P41 relative to path P4. The UE can also report the received signal strength (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP) of each additional path (e.g., path P41).

[0112] In addition, the UE can report LOS or NLOS information for each path for which RSTD has been reported. For example, for path P41, the link between TRP4 and target 2, as well as the link between target 2 and the UE, are LOS, so the UE can report the LOS as LOS or NLOS information for path P41.

[0113] The UE can report additional measurement results on resources that are different from those on paths P2 / P3 / P4 (e.g., paths Q21, Q22, and Q23 for TRP2, path Q3 for TRP3, and path Q4 for TRP4). Additional measurement results on these additional resources (e.g., resource Q) may include measurement information for the primary and secondary paths of that additional resource.

[0114] For measurement information of the primary path of an additional resource, the UE reports the RSTD of the primary path of the additional resource relative to the primary path of the primary resource. For example, the UE can report the RSTD difference of path Q21 (considered the primary path of resource Q) relative to path P2, the RSTD difference of path Q3 relative to path P3, and the RSTD difference of path Q4 relative to path P4. Furthermore, the UE can report the RSRP difference of the primary path or the first path corresponding to different resources of the TRP. For example, the RSRP difference of path Q21 relative to path P2, the RSRP difference of path Q3 relative to path P3, and the RSRP difference of path Q4 relative to path P4. In addition, for TRP2, the UE can report the RSRP difference of all paths of resource Q (including paths Q21, Q22, Q23, etc.) relative to resource P (including path P2, etc.). For TRP3, the UE can report the RSRP difference of resource Q (including path Q3, etc.) relative to resource P (including path P3, etc.). For TRP4, the UE can report the RSRP difference of resource Q (including path Q4, etc.) relative to resource P (including path P4, P41, etc.).

[0115] For measurement information of one or more additional paths with additional resources, the UE can report the time difference of the additional path relative to the primary path (or first path) under the same or different resources. For example, for path Q22, the UE can report the time difference of path Q22 relative to path Q21 or the time difference of path Q22 relative to P2. For path Q23, the UE can report the time difference of path Q23 relative to path Q21 or the time difference of path Q23 relative to path P2. Furthermore, the UE can report the received signal strength (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP) or received signal strength difference (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP difference) for each additional path (such as Q22 and Q23).

[0116] In addition, for each of the one or more additional paths with additional measurement results for different resources, the UE can report LOS or NLOS information for that path. For example, for path Q22, the link between TRP2 and target 3, as well as the link between target 3 and the UE, is LOS, so the UE can report the LOS as LOS or NLOS information for path Q22. For path Q23, both the link between TRP2 and target 3, as well as the link between target 3 and the UE, are NLOS because there is scattering on these links, so the UE can report NLOS type 2 (as defined above) as LOS or NLOS information for path Q23.

[0117] For illustration, an example measurement report based on DL-TDOA sensing can be described as follows.

[0118] NR-DL-TDOA-MeasElement-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { dl-PRS-ID-r16 INTEGER (0..255), nr-PhysCellID-r16 NR-PhysCellID-r16 OPTIONAL, nr-DL-PRS-ResourceID-r16 NR-DL-PRS-ResourceID-r16 OPTIONAL, nr-DL-PRS-ResourceSetID-r16 NR-DL-PRS-ResourceSetID-r16 OPTIONAL, nr-TimeStamp-r16 NR-TimeStamp-r16, nr-RSTD-r16 … nr-AdditionalPathList-r16 NR-AdditionalPathList-r16 OPTIONAL, nr-TimingQuality-r16 NR-TimingQuality-r16, nr-DL-PRS-RSRP-Result-r16 INTEGER (0..126) OPTIONAL, nr-DL-TDOA-AdditionalMeasurements-r16 NR-DL-TDOA-AdditionalMeasurements-r16 OPTIONAL, ..., [[ nr-UE-Rx-TEG-ID-r17 INTEGER (0..maxNumOfRxTEGs-1-r17) OPTIONAL, nr-DL-PRS-FirstPathRSRP-Result-r17 INTEGER (0..126) OPTIONAL, nr-los-nlos-Indicator-r17 CHOICE { perTRP-r17 LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r17, perResource-r17 LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r17 } OPTIONAL, nr-AdditionalPathListExt-r17 NR-AdditionalPathListExt-r17 OPTIONAL, nr-DL-TDOA-AdditionalMeasurementsExt-r17 NR-DL-TDOA-AdditionalMeasurementsExt-r17 OPTIONAL ]] [[ nr-AdditionalPathListExt-r19 NR-AdditionalPathListExt-r19 OPTIONAL, nr-DL-TDOA-AdditionalMeasurementsExt-r19 NR-DL-TDOA-AdditionalMeasurementsExt-r19 OPTIONAL, nr-los-nlos-Indicator-perPath-r19 LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19 OPTIONAL, ]] } NR-AdditionalPath-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { nr-RelativeTimeDifference-r16 …, nr-PathQuality-r16 NR-TimingQuality-r16 OPTIONAL, nr-DL-PRS-RSRPP-r17 INTEGER (0..126) OPTIONAL nr-LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19 CHOICE { perTRP-r19 LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19, perResource-r19 LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19, perPath-r19 LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19 } OPTIONAL … } LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19 ::= CHOICE { indicator-r17 CHOICE { soft-r17 INTEGER (0..10), hard-r17 BOOLEAN }, indicator-r19 CHOICE { soft-r19 SEQUENCE { Link-1 INTEGER (0..10), Link-2 INTEGER (0..10), } hard-r19 ENUMARATED{LOS, Half-LOS, NLOS} } ... } In this example, IE "NR-AdditionalPath-r19" represents the measurement results for the additional path to the primary resource of the TRP. IE "nr-DL-TDOA-AdditionalMeasurementsExt-r19" represents the measurement results for the additional resource. IE "LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19" represents LOS or NLOS information for the additional path. IE "soft-r19" represents a soft LOS / NLOS type definition. IE "hard-r19" represents a hard LOS / NLOS type definition. It should be understood that all values ​​in these IEs are merely examples.

[0119] Continue to refer to FIG. 5 In some implementations, downlink angle of departure (DL-AOD) sensing can be applied to scenario 500. For example, TRP1, TRP2, TRP3, and TRP4 are used as Tx sensing nodes, and the UE is used as an Rx sensing node. There are three targets: target 1, target 2, and target 3.

[0120] For TRP1, TRP2, TRP3, and TRP4, the UE can report the received signal strength (e.g., RSRP) on the primary resources (including paths P1, P2, P3, etc. on the same resources of TRP1, TRP2, TRP3, and TRP4, and paths P4, P41, etc. on the same resources of TRP4, respectively). Additionally, the UE can report the Rx beam ID for each primary resource. The UE can report the received signal strength (e.g., RSRP for P1 / P2 / P3 / P4) and LOS or NLOS information for the first path on the primary resource. For each additional path under the same resource as the primary path or the first path, the UE can report the received signal strength (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP) for each additional path (e.g., path P41) and LOS or NLOS information for each additional path (e.g., LOS for path P41).

[0121] The UE can report additional measurement results on one or more additional paths (e.g., path Q1 corresponding to path P1; paths Q21, Q22, and Q23 corresponding to path P2; path Q3 corresponding to path P3; and path Q4 corresponding to path P4) under resources different from those of path P1 / P2 / P3 / P4. For example, the UE can report the RSRP difference of the resource of path Q1 relative to the resource of path P1, the RSRP difference of the resources of paths Q21, Q22, and Q23 relative to the resource of path P2, the RSRP difference of the resource of path Q3 relative to the resource of path P3, and the RSRP difference of the resource of path Q4 relative to the resource of path P4. Furthermore, the UE can report the Rx beam IDs for the primary path or first path (e.g., Q1 / Q2 / Q3 / Q4 for TRP1 / TRP2 / TRP3 / TRP4 respectively) for these different resources. In addition, the UE can report the RSRP difference of the first path between different resources (e.g., RSRP difference of path Q1 relative to path P1, RSRP difference of path Q21 relative to path P2, RSRP difference of path Q3 relative to path P3, RSRP difference of path Q4 relative to path P4) and LOS or NLOS information for each resource.

[0122] The UE may also report received signal strength differences (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP differences) of other additional paths relative to the first path belonging to the same or different resources. For example, for path Q22, the UE may report the received signal strength difference (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP difference) of path Q22 relative to Q21 or the received signal strength difference (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP difference) of path Q22 relative to path P2. For path Q23, the UE may report the received signal strength difference (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP difference) of path Q23 relative to path Q21 or the received signal strength difference (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP difference) of path Q23 relative to path P2.

[0123] In addition, for each of the one or more additional paths with additional measurement results for different resources, the UE can report LOS or NLOS information for each path. For example, for path Q22, the UE can report the LOS as LOS or NLOS information for path Q22. For path Q23, the UE can report NLOS type 2 as LOS or NLOS information for path Q23.

[0124] For illustration, an example measurement report based on DL-AOD sensing can be described as follows.

[0125] NR-DL-AoD-MeasElement-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { dl-PRS-ID-r16 INTEGER (0..255), nr-PhysCellID-r16 NR-PhysCellID-r16 OPTIONAL, nr-DL-PRS-ResourceID-r16 NR-DL-PRS-ResourceID-r16 OPTIONAL, nr-DL-PRS-ResourceSetID-r16 NR-DL-PRS-ResourceSetID-r16 OPTIONAL, nr-TimeStamp-r16 NR-TimeStamp-r16, nr-DL-PRS-RSRP-Result-r16 INTEGER (0..126), nr-DL-PRS-RxBeamIndex-r16 INTEGER (1..8) OPTIONAL, nr-DL-AoD-AdditionalMeasurements-r16 NR-DL-AoD-AdditionalMeasurements-r16 OPTIONAL, ..., [[ nr-DL-PRS-FirstPathRSRP-Result-r17 INTEGER (0..126) OPTIONAL, nr-los-nlos-Indicator-r17 CHOICE { perTRP-r17 LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r17, perResource-r17 LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r17 } OPTIONAL, nr-DL-AoD-AdditionalMeasurementsExt-r17 NR-DL-AoD-AdditionalMeasurementsExt-r17 OPTIONAL ]] [[ nr-AdditionalPathRSRPListExt-r19 NR-AdditionalPathListExt-r19OPTIONAL, nr-DL-TDOA-AdditionalMeasurementsExt-r19 NR-DL-TDOA-AdditionalMeasurementsExt-r19 OPTIONAL, nr-los-nlos-Indicator-perPath-r19 LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19 OPTIONAL, ]] } NR-AdditionalPathRSRP-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { nr-DL-PRS-RSRPP-r19 INTEGER (0..126) OPTIONAL nr-LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19 CHOICE { for TRP-r19 LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19, forResource-r19 LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19, forPath-r19 LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19 } OPTIONAL … } LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19 ::= CHOICE { indicator-r17 CHOICE { soft-r17 INTEGER (0..10), hard-r17 BOOLEAN }, indicator-r19 CHOICE { soft-r19 SEQUENCE { Link-1 INTEGER (0..10), Link-2 INTEGER (0..10), } hard-r19 ENUMARATED{LOS, Half-LOS, NLOS} } ... } In this example, IE "NR-AdditionalPathRSRP-r19" indicates RSRP measurement results for an additional path belonging to the primary resource. IE "nr-DL-TDOA-AdditionalMeasurementsExt-r19" indicates RSRP measurement results for an additional resource. IE "LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19" indicates LOS or NLOS information for an additional path. IE "soft-r19" indicates a soft LOS / NLOS type definition. IE "hard-r19" indicates a hard LOS / NLOS type definition. It should be understood that all values ​​in these IEs are merely examples.

[0126] Continue to refer to FIG. 2 In some implementations, multi-round trip time (M-RTT) based sensing can be applied to scenario 500. For example, TRP1, TRP2, TRP3, and TRP4 are used as Tx sensing nodes, and the UE is used as an Rx sensing node. There are three targets: target 1, target 2, and target 3.

[0127] For TRP1, TRP2, TRP3, and TRP4, the UE can report the time difference between the received and transmitted signals between the Tx sensing nodes and the Rx sensing nodes, i.e., the time difference between the UL RS / signal transmission time and the DL RS / signal reception time via the main path P1 / P2 / P3 / P4. The UE can report the received signal strength of the main path or the first path (e.g., RSRP for path P1 / P2 / P3 / P4). For each additional path under the same resources as the main path, the UE can report the transmission delay of the additional path (e.g., P41) relative to the main path, and the received signal strength difference (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP) for each additional path (e.g., path P41). Furthermore, the UE can report LOS or NLOS information for each path with reported time differences (e.g., LOS for path P41).

[0128] The UE can report additional measurement results on resources that are different from those on paths P1 / P2 / P3 / P4 (e.g., path Q1 for TRP1, paths Q21, Q22, and Q23 for TRP2, path Q3 for TRP3, and path Q4 for TRP4). Additional measurement results on these additional resources (e.g., resource Q) that are different from those on paths P1 / P2 / P3 / P4 can include measurement information for the primary path and the additional path of that additional resource.

[0129] For measurement information of the primary path of an additional resource, the UE reports the time difference between the UL RS / signal transmission time and DL RS / signal reception time of the primary path of the additional resource relative to the primary path of the primary resource. For example, the UE can report the UL and DL time differences of path Q1 relative to path P1, path Q21 (considered the primary path of resource Q) relative to path P2, path Q3 relative to path P3, and path Q4 relative to path P4. Furthermore, the UE can report the RSRP difference of the primary path or the first path corresponding to different resources of the TRP. For example, the RSRP difference of path Q1 relative to path P1, path Q21 relative to path P2, path Q3 relative to path P3, and path Q4 relative to path P4. In addition, for TRP1, the UE can report the RSRP differences of all paths (including path Q1, etc.) for resource Q of TRP1 relative to resource P (including path P1, etc.). For TRP2, the UE can report the RSRP difference of all paths in resource Q (including paths Q21, Q22, Q23, etc.) relative to resource P (including path P2, etc.). For TRP3, the UE can report the RSRP difference of resource Q (including path Q3, etc.) relative to resource P (including path P3, etc.). For TRP4, the UE can report the RSRP difference of resource Q (including path Q4, etc.) relative to resource P (including paths P4, P41, etc.). For measurement information of one or more additional paths with additional resources, the UE can report the UL and DL time differences of the additional path relative to the primary path (or first path) under the same or different resources. For example, for path Q22, the UE can report the UL and DL time differences of path Q22 relative to path Q21 or path Q22 relative to path P2. For path Q23, the UE can report the UL and DL time differences of path Q23 relative to path Q21 or path Q23 relative to path P2. Furthermore, the UE can report the received signal strength (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP) or received signal strength difference (e.g., RSRPP or RSSIP difference) for each additional path (such as Q22 and Q23).

[0130] In addition, for each of the one or more additional paths with additional measurement results for different resources, the UE can report LOS or NLOS information for each path. For example, for path Q22, the UE can report the LOS as LOS or NLOS information for path Q22. For path Q23, the UE can report NLOS type 2 (as defined above) as LOS or NLOS information for path Q23.

[0131] For illustration, an example measurement report of M-RTT-based sensing can be described as follows.

[0132] NR-Multi-RTT-MeasElement-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { dl-PRS-ID-r16 INTEGER (0..255), nr-PhysCellID-r16 NR-PhysCellID-r16 OPTIONAL, nr-DL-PRS-ResourceID-r16 NR-DL-PRS-ResourceID-r16 OPTIONAL, nr-DL-PRS-ResourceSetID-r16 NR-DL-PRS-ResourceSetID-r16 OPTIONAL, nr-UE-RxTxTimeDiff-r16 … nr-AdditionalPathList-r16 NR-AdditionalPathList-r16 OPTIONAL, nr-TimeStamp-r16 NR-TimeStamp-r16, nr-TimingQuality-r16 NR-TimingQuality-r16, nr-DL-PRS-RSRP-Result-r16 INTEGER (0..126) OPTIONAL, nr-Multi-RTT-AdditionalMeasurements-r16 NR-Multi-RTT-AdditionalMeasurements-r16 OPTIONAL, ..., [[ nr-UE-RxTx-TEG-Info-r17 NR-UE-RxTx-TEG-Info-r17 OPTIONAL, nr-DL-PRS-FirstPathRSRP-Result-r17 INTEGER (0..126) OPTIONAL, nr-los-nlos-Indicator-r17 CHOICE { perTRP-r17 LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r17, perResource-r17 LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r17 } OPTIONAL, nr-AdditionalPathListExt-r17 NR-AdditionalPathListExt-r17 OPTIONAL, nr-Multi-RTT-AdditionalMeasurementsExt-r17 NR-Multi-RTT-AdditionalMeasurementsExt-r17 OPTIONAL ]] [[ nr-AdditionalPathListExt-r19 NR-AdditionalPathListExt-r19 OPTIONAL, nr-Multi-RTT-AdditionalMeasurementsExt-r19 NR-Multi-RTT-AdditionalMeasurementsExt-r19 OPTIONAL, nr-los-nlos-Indicator-perPath-r19 LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19 OPTIONAL, ]] } NR-AdditionalPath-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { nr-RelativeTimeDifference-r16 …, nr-PathQuality-r16 NR-TimingQuality-r16 OPTIONAL, nr-DL-PRS-RSRPP-r17 INTEGER (0..126) OPTIONAL nr-LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19 CHOICE { perTRP-r19 LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19, perResource-r19 LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19, perPath-r19 LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19 OPTIONAL … } LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19 ::= CHOICE { indicator-r17 CHOICE { soft-r17 INTEGER (0..10), hard-r17 BOOLEAN }, indicator-r19 CHOICE { soft-r19 SEQUENCE { Link-1 INTEGER (0..10), Link-2 INTEGER (0..10), } hard-r19 ENUMARATED{LOS, Half-LOS, NLOS} } ... } In this example, IE "NR-AdditionalPath-r19" represents the measurement results for the additional path under the main resource of the TRP. IE "nr-Multi-RTT-AdditionalMeasurementsExt-r19" represents the measurement results for the additional resource. IE "LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19" represents LOS or NLOS information for the additional path. IE "soft-r19" represents a soft LOS / NLOS type definition. IE "hard-r19" represents a hard LOS / NLOS type definition. It should be understood that all values ​​in these IEs are merely examples.

[0133] Thus far, this report describes the set of measurements associated with one or more targets, using various sensing technologies such as E-CID, DL-TDOA, DL-AOD, and M-RTT. It should be understood that embodiments of this disclosure are also applicable to any other existing or future-developed sensing technologies.

[0134] In some alternative or additional implementations, sensing node 202 may report the location information of the one or more targets. For example, when sensing node 202 has the ability to calculate the location of other targets, sensing node 202 may report the location information of these other targets in addition to sensing node 202 itself.

[0135] For illustration, a sample report of location information can be described as follows.

[0136] NR-DL-TDOA-LocationInformation-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { measurementReferenceTime-r16 CHOICE { systemFrameNumber-r16 NR-TimeStamp-r16, utc-time-r16 UTCTime, ... OPTIONAL ..., [[ locationCoordinates-r17 LocationCoordinates OPTIONAL, -- Cond batch1 locationSource-r17 LocationSource-r13 OPTIONAL -- Cond batch2 ]] [[locationCoordinatesList-r19 size(1..4) LocationCoordinates OPTIONAL locationSource-r19 LocationSource-r13 OPTIONAL]] In this example, IE "locationCoordinatesList-r19" represents a list of locations. It should be understood that all values ​​in this IE are merely examples. In some implementations, the first location in this list may be the location of the sensing node 202 itself, and the other locations in the list may be the locations of targets sensed by the sensing node 202.

[0137] return FIG. 2 In some implementations, sensing node 202 may send 253 to network device 201 an indication of whether the set of measurement results is for sensing node 202 itself or for the one or more targets. In this way, a flag can be added to distinguish the measurement results of the sensing node itself from the measurement results of other targets. In some implementations, sensing node 202 may indicate for each path whether the set of measurement results is for sensing node 202 itself or for the one or more targets.

[0138] For illustration, an example report of the instruction can be described as follows.

[0139] NR-AdditionalPath-r19 ::= SEQUENCE { nr-RelativeTimeDifference-r16 …, nr-PathQuality-r16 NR-TimingQuality-r16 OPTIONAL, nr-DL-PRS-RSRPP-r17 INTEGER (0..126) OPTIONAL nr-LOS-NLOS-Indicator LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r19 OPTIONAL InfoType ENUMERATED{type1, type2} OPTIONAL … } In this example, the IE "InfoType" indicates whether the associated measurement result is for sensing node 202 or for one or more targets. For example, type 1 is "for the sensing node itself," and type 2 is "for other targets." It should be understood that all values ​​in these IEs are merely examples.

[0140] In some implementations, sensing node 202 can associate measurements for the sensing node with a predetermined path. For example, if the first path of the TRP is a LOS (Loss of Spectrum) path, the measurements associated with the first path can be used by default for the sensing node location. In another example, if the LOS probability of the first path of the TRP is higher than a threshold (e.g., 0.8), the measurements associated with the first path can be used by default for the sensing node location.

[0141] In this way, the measurement report configuration can be enhanced to enable the sensing measurement report of multiple targets other than the sensing node itself, or to enable the sensing measurement report of paths related to multiple targets other than the path of the sensing node itself.

[0142] Continue to refer to Example implementations of methods In some implementations, network device 201 may update the behavior of target 260 (e.g., target 140) based on measurement reports (i.e., sensing results). For example, network device 201 may update the behavior of RIS. In some implementations, network device 201 may update the behavior of terminal device 270 (e.g., terminal device 110) based on measurement reports (i.e., sensing results). In this way, unnecessary interference caused by the target can be avoided, and communication with the terminal device can be enhanced.

[0143] This concludes the description of the sensing measurement reporting in conjunction with process 200. Using process 200, sensing measurement reporting can be implemented with low overhead. Sensing measurement reporting for each path can be implemented for both the sensing node and one or more targets detected by that sensing node.

[0144] It should be understood that the operations described in combination with process 200 can be performed individually or in any suitable combination.

[0145] FIG. 6 Therefore, embodiments of this disclosure provide communication methods implemented at terminal devices and network devices. These methods will be referenced below. FIG. 7 and FIG. 6 Describe it.

[0146] FIG. 2 Example communication method 600 implemented at a terminal device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated. For example, method 600 may be performed at a sensing node. For purposes of discussion, method 600 will be referred to below as... FIG. 7 The sensing node 202 shown is described. It should be understood that method 600 may include additional boxes not shown and / or some boxes shown may be omitted, and the scope of this disclosure is not limited in this respect.

[0147] At box 610, sensing node 202 may receive from network device 201 a configuration indicating a report of a set of measurements for a set of paths. This set of paths is associated with one or more targets. The set of measurements is associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase change, or transmission delay.

[0148] In some implementations, the set of measurements for a path in the set of paths may include at least one of the following: the distance between the sensing node and the target associated with the path; the velocity of the target; the angle between the sensing node and the target; the transmission delay on the path; the differential delay on the path relative to a reference path; the phase change on the path; the Doppler shift on the path; the received signal strength on the path; the received beam index for the path; or the received beamwidth for the path.

[0149] In some implementations, the configuration may include at least one of the following: a first set of change thresholds for changes in the set of measurements for paths in the set of paths; or a second set of change thresholds for changes in the set of measurements between two adjacent paths in the set of paths.

[0150] At box 620, sensing node 202 can report the set of measurements for the set of paths to network device 201 based on this configuration.

[0151] In some implementations, sensing node 202 can determine the change in a set of measurements between two adjacent paths and determine a change threshold corresponding to that measurement from a second set of change thresholds. If the change in a measurement exceeds the change threshold, sensing node 202 can report the set of measurements. In some implementations, sensing node 202 can determine the order of the measurements in the set and determine the change in the measurement based on that order.

[0152] In some implementations, if the received signal strength for a path in the group of paths is lower than a first strength threshold during a first time period, the sensing node 202 may update the group of measurements for that path or update the status of the group of measurements for that path. In some implementations, if the received signal strength for that path is higher than a second strength threshold during a second time period, the sensing node 202 may report the group of measurements for that path, where the second strength threshold is greater than the first strength threshold.

[0153] In some embodiments, the paths in this set of paths may include a first link between a target associated with the path and a sensing node (e.g., an Rx sensing node) and a second link between the target and another sensing node (e.g., a Tx sensing node). In some embodiments, sensing node 202 may report LOS or NLOS information for the first and second links for the path via a single indicator. In some embodiments, this information may indicate the probability that the first link is LOS and the probability that the second link is LOS.

[0154] In some implementations, the set of measurements may be based on E-CID technology. In these implementations, the sensing node 202 may report the received signal strength on the first path and the strength difference relative to the first path on a set of second paths.

[0155] In some implementations, the sensing node 202 may report the location information of the one or more targets.

[0156] In some implementations, sensing node 202 may send an indication to network device 201 whether the set of measurements is for sensing node 202 or for one or more targets. In some implementations, sensing node 202 may associate measurements for the sensing node with a predetermined path.

[0157] In some implementations, sensing node 202 may receive auxiliary information from network device 201 and determine the one or more targets based on the auxiliary information. In some implementations, the auxiliary information may include at least one of the following: a range of the expected number of targets, a range of expected reception time differences for targets, a range of expected angles for targets, a range of expected beam indices for targets, a range of expected received signal strengths for targets, or expected LOS or NLOS information for the path.

[0158] In some implementations, sensing node 202 may send information to network device 201 about the number of targets it can track simultaneously.

[0159] In some implementations, sensing node 202 may report the set of measurements for that path if the set of measurements for that path meets the conditions for triggering a report. In some implementations, sensing node 202 may report the set of measurements for that group of paths if the set of measurements for that path meets the conditions for triggering a report. In some implementations, sensing node 202 may determine whether to report the set of measurements for that path or for that group of paths based on sensing requirements or configuration, if the set of measurements for that path meets the conditions for triggering a report.

[0160] In some implementations, sensing node 202 may be a terminal device. In some implementations, sensing node 202 may be an access network device.

[0161] Method 600 allows for low-overhead sensing measurement reporting. Sensing measurement reporting can be implemented for each path.

[0162] FIG. 2 Example communication method 700 implemented at a terminal device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated. For example, method 700 may be performed at a network device. For purposes of discussion, method 700 will be referred to below as... FIG. 2 to FIG. 5 The network device 201 shown is described. It should be understood that method 700 may include additional boxes not shown and / or some boxes shown may be omitted, and the scope of this disclosure is not limited in this respect.

[0163] At box 710, network device 201 may be configured to send a report to sensing node 202 indicating a set of measurements for a set of paths. This set of paths is associated with one or more targets. The set of measurements is associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase change, or transmission delay.

[0164] At box 720, network device 201 can receive the set of measurements for the set of paths from sensing node 202 based on this configuration.

[0165] In some implementations, the set of measurements for a path in the set of paths may include at least one of the following: the distance between the sensing node and the target associated with the path; the velocity of the target; the angle between the sensing node and the target; the transmission delay on the path; the differential delay on the path relative to a reference path; the phase change on the path; the Doppler shift on the path; the received signal strength on the path; the received beam index for the path; or the received beamwidth for the path.

[0166] In some implementations, the configuration may include at least one of the following: a first set of change thresholds for changes in the set of measurements for paths in the set of paths; or a second set of change thresholds for changes in the set of measurements between two adjacent paths in the set of paths.

[0167] In some implementations, network device 201 may receive LOS or NLOS information for a first link and a second link of a path in the set of paths from sensing node 202 via a single indicator. The first link is between a target and a sensing node associated with the path, and the second link is between the target and another sensing node.

[0168] In some implementations, this information may indicate the probability that the first link is LOS and the probability that the second link is LOS.

[0169] In some implementations, this set of measurements is based on E-CID technology. In these implementations, network device 201 may receive the received signal strength on a first path and the strength difference relative to the first path on a set of second paths.

[0170] In some implementations, network device 201 may receive location information of the one or more targets.

[0171] In some implementations, network device 201 may receive from sensing node 202 an indication of whether the set of measurements is for the sensing node or for the one or more targets. In some implementations, network device 201 may determine that the set of measurements for a predetermined path is for the sensing node.

[0172] In some implementations, network device 201 may send auxiliary information to sensing node 202. The auxiliary information may include at least one of the following: a range of the expected number of targets, a range of expected reception time differences for targets, a range of expected angles for targets, a range of expected beam indices for targets, a range of expected received signal strengths for targets, or expected LOS or NLOS information for the path.

[0173] In some implementations, network device 201 may receive information from sensing node 202 regarding the device's ability to track the number of targets simultaneously.

[0174] In some implementations, network device 201 may be an access network device. In some implementations, network device 201 may be a core network device.

[0175] It should be understood that the operations of methods 600 and 700 correspond at least to Example implementations of devices The process described is so brief that other details are omitted here.

[0176] FIG. 8 FIG. 2 This is a simplified block diagram of a device 800 suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. Device 800 can be considered as follows: FIG. 1 The sensing node 202 or network device 201 shown (e.g., as FIG. 2 Another example of the implementation (of the terminal device 18, access network device 120, or core network device 130 shown) is given. Therefore, device 800 can be implemented as follows: FIG. 1 The sensing node 202 or network device 201 shown (e.g., as FIG. 1 to FIG. 7 The terminal device 110, access network device 120, or core network device 130 shown are implemented or are implemented in at least part of it.

[0177] As shown in the figure, device 800 includes a processor 810, a memory 820 coupled to the processor 810, a suitable transceiver 840 coupled to the processor 810, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 840. The memory 810 stores at least a portion of a program 830. Depending on requirements, the transceiver 840 can be used for bidirectional or unidirectional communication. The transceiver 840 may include at least one of a transmitter 842 or a receiver 844. The transmitter 842 and receiver 844 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 840 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication; however, in practice, the access node mentioned in this application may have several antennas. The communication interface can represent any interface necessary for communication with other network elements, such as the X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communication between eNBs / gNBs, the S1 / NG interface for communication between the Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and eNBs / gNBs, the Un interface for communication between eNBs / gNBs and relay nodes (RNs), or the Uu interface for communication between eNBs / gNBs and terminal equipment.

[0178] Assume that program 830 includes program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 810, enable device 800 to operate according to embodiments of this disclosure, as referenced herein. FIG. 1 to FIG. 7 The embodiments discussed herein may be implemented by computer software executable by processor 810 of device 800, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. Processor 810 may be configured to implement various embodiments of this disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of processor 810 and memory 820 may form a processing unit 850 suitable for implementing various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0179] Memory 820 can be of any type suitable for a local technology network and can be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as, as non-limiting examples, non-transitory computer-readable storage media, semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory, and removable memory. Although only one memory 820 is shown in device 800, several physically different memory modules may exist in device 800. Processor 810 can be of any type suitable for a local technology network and may include one or more of the following: as non-limiting examples, general-purpose computers, special-purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), and processors based on multi-core processor architectures. Device 800 may have multiple processors, such as application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chips, which are time-dependent on a clock that synchronizes the main processor.

[0180] In some implementations, the terminal device includes circuitry configured to: receive from a network device a report indicating a set of measurements for a set of paths associated with one or more targets, the set of measurements being associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase change, or transmission delay; and, based on the configuration, report the set of measurements for the set of paths to the network device.

[0181] In some implementations, the network device includes circuitry configured to: send a report to a sensing node indicating a set of measurements for a set of paths associated with one or more targets, the set of measurements being associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase change, or transmission delay; and receive the set of measurements for the set of paths from the sensing node based on the configuration.

[0182] As used herein, the term "circuit" can refer to hardware circuitry and / or a combination of hardware and software circuitry. For example, a circuit can be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuitry with software / firmware. As another example, a circuit can be any part of a hardware processor with software, including digital signal processors, software, and memory, which work together to enable a device (such as a terminal device or network device) to perform various functions. In yet another example, a circuit can be hardware circuitry and / or a processor (such as a microprocessor or a portion thereof) that requires software / firmware to operate, but which may be absent when operation is not required. As used herein, the term "circuit" also encompasses a specific implementation of hardware circuitry or a processor alone, or a portion thereof, and its accompanying software and / or firmware.

[0183] In summary, the implementation schemes disclosed herein provide the following solutions.

[0184] In one solution, the sensing node includes a processor configured to: receive from a network device a configuration indicating a set of measurements for a set of paths associated with one or more targets, the set of measurements being associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase change, or transmission delay; and, based on the configuration, report the set of measurements for the set of paths to the network device.

[0185] In some implementations, the set of measurements for a path in the set of paths includes at least one of the following: the distance between the sensing node and the target associated with the path; the velocity of the target; the angle between the sensing node and the target; the transmission delay on the path; the differential delay on the path relative to a reference path; the phase change on the path; the Doppler shift on the path; the received signal strength on the path; the received beam index for the path; or the received beamwidth for the path.

[0186] In some implementations, the configuration includes at least one of the following: a first set of change thresholds for changes in the set of measurements for paths in the set of paths; or a second set of change thresholds for changes in the set of measurements between two adjacent paths in the set of paths.

[0187] In some implementations, the sensing node reports the set of measurements by: determining a change in the measurement result within the set of measurements between two adjacent paths; determining a change threshold corresponding to the measurement result from a second set of change thresholds; and reporting the set of measurements based on the determination that the change in the measurement result is higher than the change threshold.

[0188] In some implementations, the sensing node determines changes in measurement results by: determining the order of the measurement results in the set of measurement results; and determining the changes in measurement results based on that order.

[0189] In some implementations, the sensing node reports the set of measurements by: updating the set of measurements for a path or updating the status of the set of measurements for a path based on determining that the received signal strength for a path in the set of paths is lower than a first strength threshold during a first time period; or reporting the set of measurements for a path based on determining that the received signal strength for a path is higher than a second strength threshold during a second time period, where the second strength threshold is greater than the first strength threshold.

[0190] In some implementations, the path in the set of paths includes a first link between a target and a sensing node associated with the path and a second link between the target and another sensing node, and wherein the sensing node is further configured to report line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information of the first and second links for the path via a single indicator.

[0191] In some implementations, this information indicates the probability that the first link is LOS and the probability that the second link is LOS.

[0192] In some implementations, the set of measurements is based on Enhanced Cell Identification (E-CID) technology, and the sensing node reports the set of measurements by reporting the received signal strength on a first path and the strength difference relative to the first path on a set of second paths.

[0193] In some implementations, the sensing node reports the set of measurements by reporting the location information of one or more targets.

[0194] In some implementations, the sensing node is further configured to: send an indication to the network device whether the set of measurements is for the sensing node or for the one or more targets; or associate the measurements for the sensing node with a predetermined path.

[0195] In some implementations, the sensing node is further configured to: receive auxiliary information from a network device, the auxiliary information including at least one of the following: a range of the expected number of targets, a range of expected reception time differences for targets, a range of expected angles for targets, a range of expected beam indices for targets, a range of expected received signal strength for targets, or expected line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information for a path; and determine the one or more targets based on the auxiliary information.

[0196] In some implementations, the sensing node is further configured to send information to the network device about the number of targets it can track simultaneously.

[0197] In some implementations, the sensing node reports the set of measurements in the following ways: reporting the set of measurements for the path based on the determination that the set of measurements for the path meets the conditions for triggering a report; or reporting the set of measurements for the group of paths based on the determination that the set of measurements for the path meets the conditions for triggering a report; or determining, based on sensing requirements or configuration, whether to report the set of measurements for the path or the group of paths.

[0198] In some implementations, the sensing node is a terminal device or an access network device.

[0199] In another solution, the network device includes a processor configured to cause the network device to: send a report to a sensing node indicating a set of measurements for a set of paths associated with one or more targets, the set of measurements being associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase change, or transmission delay; and receive the set of measurements for the set of paths from the sensing node based on the configuration.

[0200] In some implementations, the set of measurements for a path in the set of paths includes at least one of the following: the distance between the sensing node and the target associated with the path; the velocity of the target; the angle between the sensing node and the target; the transmission delay on the path; the differential delay on the path relative to a reference path; the phase change on the path; the Doppler shift on the path; the received signal strength on the path; the received beam index for the path; or the received beamwidth for the path.

[0201] In some implementations, the configuration includes at least one of the following: a first set of change thresholds for changes in the set of measurements for paths in the set of paths; or a second set of change thresholds for changes in the set of measurements between two adjacent paths in the set of paths.

[0202] In some implementations, the network device is further configured to receive, via a single indicator, line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information from a sensing node for a first link and a second link of a path in the set of paths, the first link being between a target and a sensing node associated with the path, and the second link being between the target and another sensing node.

[0203] In some implementations, this information indicates the probability that the first link is LOS and the probability that the second link is LOS.

[0204] In some implementations, the set of measurements is based on Enhanced Cell Identifier (E-CID) technology, and the network device receives the set of measurements by receiving the received signal strength on a first path and the strength difference relative to the first path on a set of second paths.

[0205] In some implementations, the network device receives the set of measurements by receiving the location information of one or more targets.

[0206] In some implementations, the network device is further configured to: receive from the sensing node an indication of whether the set of measurements is for the sensing node or for the one or more targets; or determine the set of measurements for a predetermined path as measurements for the sensing node.

[0207] In some implementations, the network device is further configured to send auxiliary information to the sensing node, the auxiliary information including at least one of the following: a range of the expected number of targets, a range of the expected reception time difference for the targets, a range of the expected angle for the targets, a range of the expected beam index for the targets, a range of the expected received signal strength for the targets, or expected line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information for the path.

[0208] In some implementations, the network device is further configured to receive information from the sensing node regarding the number of targets it can track simultaneously.

[0209] In some implementations, the network device is an access network device or a core network device.

[0210] Generally, various embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in hardware or special-purpose circuitry, software, logic, or any combination thereof. Some aspects can be implemented in hardware, while others can be implemented in firmware or software executable by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device. Although various aspects of embodiments of this disclosure are illustrated and described using block diagrams, flowcharts, or other illustrations, it should be understood that, as non-limiting examples, the blocks, apparatuses, systems, techniques, or methods described herein can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, special-purpose circuitry or logic, general-purpose hardware or controllers or other computing devices, or any combination thereof.

[0211] This disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions (such as those included in program modules) that execute on a target real or virtual processor in a device to perform the functions described above.​ The described process or method. Generally, a program module includes routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, etc., that perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. The functionality of a program module can be combined in various implementation schemes or split among program modules as needed. The machine-executable instructions used for a program module can be executed on a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, a program module can reside on both local and remote storage media.

[0212] Program code used to perform the methods of this disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. This program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that, when executed by the processor or controller, the program code causes the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, as a stand-alone software package, partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0213] The aforementioned program code may be embodied on a machine-readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that can contain or store a program used by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A machine-readable medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. Machine-readable media may include, but are not limited to, electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination thereof. Further specific examples of machine-readable storage media will include electrical connections having one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0214] Furthermore, although the operations are described in a specific order, this should not be construed as requiring such operations to be performed in the specific order shown or in sequential order, or to perform all the illustrated operations to achieve the desired result. In some environments, multitasking and parallel processing can be advantageous. While several specific implementation details are included in the foregoing discussion, these details should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features described in the context of individual embodiments may also be implemented in a single embodiment in combination. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple embodiments.

[0215] Although this disclosure has been described using language specific to structural features and / or methodological actions, it should be understood that the disclosure as defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or actions described above. Rather, the specific features and actions described above are disclosed as examples of implementing the claims.

Claims

1. A sensing node, the sensing node comprising: Processor, the processor being configured to cause the sensing node to: The configuration receives a report from a network device indicating a set of measurements for a set of paths associated with one or more targets, and the set of measurements is associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase change, or transmission delay. as well as The network device is then informed of the set of measurement results for the set of paths based on the configuration.

2. The sensing node of claim 1, wherein the set of measurement results for a path in the set of paths includes at least one of the following: The distance between the sensing node and the target associated with the path; The speed of the target; The angle between the sensing node and the target; The transmission delay on the path; The differential delay on the path relative to the reference path; The phase change along the path; Doppler frequency shift along the path; The received signal strength along the path; The receive beam index for the path; or The received beamwidth for the path.

3. The sensing node of claim 1, wherein the configuration includes at least one of the following: A first set of change thresholds for the change of the set of measurement results for the paths in the set of paths; or The second set of change thresholds for the change in the set of measurement results between two adjacent paths in the set of paths.

4. The sensing node of claim 1, wherein the sensing node reports the set of measurement results in the following manner: Based on the determination that the received signal strength for a path in the set of paths is lower than a first strength threshold within a first time period, update the set of measurement results for that path or update the state of the set of measurement results for that path; or Based on the determination that the received signal strength for the path is higher than a second strength threshold during a second time period, the set of measurement results for the path is reported, where the second strength threshold is greater than the first strength threshold.

5. The sensing node of claim 1, wherein a path in the set of paths includes a first link between a target associated with the path and the sensing node, and a second link between the target and another sensing node, and wherein the sensing node further comprises: For the path, line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information for the first and second links is reported via a single indicator.

6. The sensing node of claim 1, wherein the set of measurement results is based on enhanced cell identity (E-CID) technology, and wherein the sensing node reports the set of measurement results in the following manner: The report describes the received signal strength on the first path and the strength difference relative to the first path on a set of second paths.

7. The sensing node according to claim 1, wherein the sensing node further comprises: Send an indication to the network device whether the set of measurement results are for the sensing node or for one or more targets; or The measurement results for the sensing node are associated with a predetermined path.

8. The sensing node according to claim 1, wherein the sensing node further comprises: Receive auxiliary information from the network device, the auxiliary information including at least one of the following: The range of the expected target quantity The range of expected reception time difference for the target The expected range of angles for targeting The range of the expected beam index for the target The range of expected received signal strength for the target, or Expected line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information for the path; and The one or more targets are determined based on the auxiliary information.

9. The sensing node of claim 1, further comprising the sensing node: The ability of the sensing nodes to send information about the number of targets they can track simultaneously to the network device.

10. The sensing node according to claim 1, wherein the sensing node is a terminal device or an access network device.

11. A network device, the network device comprising: Processor, the processor being configured to cause the network device to: A configuration to send a report to a sensing node indicating a set of measurements for a set of paths associated with one or more targets, the set of measurements being associated with at least one of received signal strength, phase change, or transmission delay; as well as Based on the configuration, receive the set of measurement results for the set of paths from the sensing node.

12. The network device of claim 11, wherein the set of measurements for a path in the set of paths includes at least one of the following: The distance between the sensing node and the target associated with the path; The speed of the target; The angle between the sensing node and the target; The transmission delay on the path; The differential delay on the path relative to the reference path; The phase change along the path; Doppler frequency shift along the path; The received signal strength along the path; The receive beam index for the path; or The received beamwidth for the path.

13. The network device of claim 11, wherein the configuration includes at least one of the following: A first set of change thresholds for the change of the set of measurement results for the paths in the set of paths; or The second set of change thresholds for the change in the set of measurement results between two adjacent paths in the set of paths.

14. The network device of claim 11, further comprising the network device: The sensing node receives line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information for a first link and a second link of a path in the set of paths via a single indicator, the first link being between a target associated with the path and the sensing node, and the second link being between the target and another sensing node.

15. The network device of claim 11, wherein the set of measurement results is based on Enhanced Cell Identifier (E-CID) technology, and wherein the network device receives the set of measurement results in such a manner as follows: The received signal strength on the first path and the strength difference relative to the first path on a set of second paths.

16. The network device of claim 11, wherein the network device receives the set of measurement results in the following manner: Receive the location information of the one or more targets.

17. The network device of claim 11, further comprising the network device: Receive from the sensing node an indication of whether the set of measurement results are for the sensing node or for one or more targets; or The set of measurement results for a predetermined path is determined as the measurement results for the sensing node.

18. The network device of claim 11, further comprising the network device: Send auxiliary information to the sensing node, the auxiliary information including at least one of the following: The range of the expected target quantity The range of expected reception time difference for the target The expected range of angles for targeting The range of the expected beam index for the target The range of expected received signal strength for the target, or Expected line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information for the path.

19. The network device of claim 11, further comprising the network device: The ability of the sensing node to receive information about the number of targets that can be tracked simultaneously.

20. The network device according to claim 11, wherein the network device is an access network device or a core network device.

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