Comprehensive training dummy man of ambulance group for health major

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medical education equipment, and particularly discloses a health major ambulance group comprehensive training dummy which comprises a dummy body, a simulation box is arranged on the dummy body, a sliding baffle is slidably clamped on the simulation box, and an operation opening penetrating into the simulation box is formed in the sliding baffle. Two first fixing rods are installed in the simulation box, a pleural effusion storage box is fixedly connected between the two first fixing rods, a first opening is formed in the side wall of the pleural effusion storage box, and a pleural skeleton simulation device used for simulating a pleural skeleton structure in a puncture path is arranged on the pleural effusion storage box; and a puncture epidermis replacing device for automatically replacing the puncture epidermis at the thoracic cavity skeleton simulating device is arranged in the simulating box, so that the technical problems that the efficiency is low and the operation is tedious due to the fact that the used puncture epidermis and pleura layer need to be manually replaced in the thoracic cavity puncture simulating process of an existing simulator are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical education equipment technology, and specifically discloses a comprehensive training simulator for ambulance crews specializing in health care. Background Technology

[0002] The term "health profession" specifically refers to the field of "medical and health profession," particularly those engaged in pre-hospital emergency care, disaster medical rescue, and emergency response to public health emergencies. Its practitioners include, but are not limited to, emergency physicians, emergency nurses, and paramedics who have undergone professional medical training. The comprehensive training simulator for ambulance crews in the health profession is a full-process simulation training device designed specifically for pre-hospital emergency teams (doctors, nurses, stretcher bearers). It aims to realistically reproduce key scenarios of various invasive procedures during the transport of critically ill patients through high-precision anatomical reconstruction and dynamic vital sign simulation. Combined with ambulance training, it systematically strengthens the emergency team's rapid response, precise operation, and emergency response capabilities in mobile environments. In this comprehensive training, thoracentesis is a core skill in outdoor emergency care, especially crucial for the ambulance transport of patients with hemothorax and pneumothorax.

[0003] In existing thoracentesis simulation training, the simulated epidermis and pleura will suffer permanent needle hole damage after multiple puncture operations, resulting in fluid leakage and distortion of the simulated negative pressure in the pleural cavity. At the same time, since the simulated epidermis and the punctured pleura need to be replaced simultaneously, the manual replacement process is not only cumbersome and inefficient, but also has individual differences and uncontrollability due to manual operation, such as inaccurate replacement position, poor sealing or improper tightness, thus reducing the efficiency and realism of the simulation training. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive training manikin for medical professional ambulance crews, so as to solve the technical problem that existing manikins require manual replacement of the used puncture skin and pleural layer during simulated thoracentesis, resulting in low efficiency and cumbersome operation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a comprehensive training mannequin for ambulance crews specializing in healthcare, comprising a mannequin body, a simulation box mounted on the mannequin body, a sliding baffle mounted on the simulation box, an operating port extending through the simulation box on the sliding baffle, two first fixed rods installed inside the simulation box, a pleural effusion storage box fixedly connected between the two first fixed rods, a first opening on the side wall of the pleural effusion storage box, a pleural skeleton simulation device for simulating the thoracic skeleton structure in the puncture path mounted on the pleural effusion storage box, a puncture skin replacement device for automatically replacing the puncture skin at the pleural skeleton simulation device mounted inside the simulation box, and a pleural effusion release device for transporting simulated pleural effusion into the simulation box.

[0006] In this solution, the puncture skin replacement device can automatically replace the simulated puncture skin, effectively solving the problems of low efficiency and cumbersome operation caused by manual skin replacement in traditional simulation devices. It greatly improves the continuity and automation level of the training process. During the simulation training, trainees can perform multiple puncture operations without being limited by skin damage, thus focusing more on mastering operating skills and training in standardized procedures.

[0007] Furthermore, the thoracic skeleton simulation device includes two limiting mechanisms, each of which is slidably disposed in a first sliding groove opened on each of the first fixed rods. A skeleton simulation frame is disposed between the two limiting mechanisms, and a first movable cavity is formed between the skeleton simulation frame and the pleural effusion storage box. Multiple rib simulation rods are disposed within the skeleton simulation frame.

[0008] In this scheme, the multiple rib simulation rods on the skeleton simulation frame highly replicate the spatial arrangement of key rib anatomical structures in the puncture path, realistically reproducing the anatomical path of the human intercostal space, enabling trainees to form a correct understanding of the operation path during training.

[0009] Furthermore, each of the limiting mechanisms includes a second fixing rod, which is fixedly connected to the side wall of the skeleton simulation frame. A third fixing rod is fixedly connected to the second fixing rod. The end of the third fixing rod away from the second fixing rod is slidably disposed in the first sliding groove. Two first springs are disposed in the first sliding groove. One end of each of the two first springs is fixedly connected to the first sliding groove, and the other end of each of the two first springs is fixedly connected to the third fixing rod.

[0010] In this scheme, through the sliding cooperation between the third fixed rod and the first sliding groove and the elastic energy storage of the two first springs, when the skeleton simulation frame is displaced by the pressure of the puncture skin replacement device, the first spring can be compressed and store elastic potential energy. When the external force disappears, the spring releases energy and drives the third fixed rod to return to its original position, thereby realizing the automatic reset of the skeleton simulation frame.

[0011] Furthermore, the puncture skin replacement device includes a first fixing plate, which is fixedly connected to the simulation box. A first sliding frame is fixedly connected inside the simulation box. A slidable first sliding plate is provided inside the first sliding frame. A rotatable first fixing shaft is installed between the first sliding plate and the first fixing plate. A puncture pleural simulation belt is wound around the first fixing shaft. The free end of the puncture pleural simulation belt can cooperate with the first moving cavity. A second spring is provided inside the first sliding frame. The two ends of the second spring are respectively fixedly connected to the first sliding frame and the first sliding plate.

[0012] In this scheme, the puncture skin replacement device winds the puncture pleural simulation strip to be replaced around the first fixed shaft. Its free end passes through the first movable cavity and is located between the pleural effusion storage box and the skeleton simulation frame, directly serving as the puncturable pleural layer. During training, after the needle tip penetrates the puncture pleural simulation strip, it immediately enters the pleural effusion storage box to simulate the extraction of pleural effusion. When the strip loses its seal due to repeated punctures, simply pulling the free end of the puncture pleural simulation strip will trigger the synchronous rotation of the first fixed shaft to release the new strip.

[0013] Furthermore, the puncture skin replacement device also includes a second fixing plate, which is fixedly connected to the simulation box. A second sliding frame is fixedly connected inside the simulation box, and a slidable second sliding plate is provided inside the second sliding frame. A rotatable second fixing shaft is installed between the second sliding plate and the second fixing plate. A puncture skin simulation belt is wound on the second fixing shaft. A third spring is provided inside the second sliding frame, and both ends of the third spring are fixedly connected to the second sliding frame and the second sliding plate, respectively. A pressing and fixing mechanism for pressing the skeleton simulation frame is provided on the pleural effusion storage box. A second moving cavity is formed between the pressing and fixing mechanism and the skeleton simulation frame. The free end of the puncture skin simulation belt can cooperate with the second moving cavity. A clamping and winding mechanism for clamping and winding the free end of the puncture skin simulation belt and the puncture pleural simulation belt is provided inside the simulation box.

[0014] In this design, the puncture skin replacement device precisely covers the skeleton simulation frame via a puncture skin simulation band wound around a second fixed shaft and passing through a second moving cavity. Combined with a pressing and fixing mechanism, the puncture skin simulation band is pressed and positioned to form a realistic skin puncture layer. The needle tip must sequentially penetrate the puncture skin simulation band (simulating skin elastic resistance) and the puncture pleura simulation band (simulating pleural breakthrough sensation), finally entering the pleural effusion storage tank to extract fluid. This fully replicates the clinical needle insertion logic. When the puncture skin simulation band and the puncture pleura simulation band are repeatedly punctured... When the puncture is damaged, the pressing and fixing mechanism releases the pressure on the puncture skin simulation band. Simultaneously, the clamping and winding mechanism winds up the free ends of the puncture skin simulation band and the puncture pleural simulation band. At this time, the unused puncture skin simulation band and the puncture pleural simulation band are pulled to the pleural effusion storage box area in conjunction with the first and second fixing shafts to unwind. Then, the pressing and fixing mechanism re-presses and positions the puncture skin simulation band. This completes the automatic replacement of the puncture skin, and the simulated thoracentesis training can continue.

[0015] Furthermore, the pressing and fixing mechanism includes an electric telescopic rod, which is fixedly connected to the pleural effusion storage box. A connecting plate is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod, and multiple connecting columns are fixedly connected to the connecting plate. A pressing frame is fixedly connected to the multiple connecting columns, and a second moving cavity is formed between the pressing frame and the skeleton simulation frame. The free end of the puncture epidermal simulation band can cooperate with the second moving cavity.

[0016] In this solution, the pressing and fixing mechanism drives multiple connecting columns to simultaneously push the pressing frame to uniformly press the skeleton simulation frame through an electric telescopic rod. Compared with the existing technology that uses local point pressure fixing, its surface contact pressure mode eliminates the risk of wrinkles between the puncture epidermal simulation band and the puncture pleura simulation.

[0017] Furthermore, the clamping and winding mechanism includes a support plate, which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the simulation box. A motor is mounted on the support plate, and a third fixing plate is fixedly connected to the support plate. A fifth cylinder is mounted on the third fixing plate, with one end of the fifth cylinder fixedly connected to the power output shaft of the motor and the other end of the fifth cylinder penetrating through the third fixing plate. A third sliding frame is fixedly connected to the support plate, and a third sliding plate is slidably mounted on the third sliding frame. A rotatable sixth cylinder is mounted on the third sliding plate, and a fixing post is engaged between the sixth cylinder and the fifth cylinder. Two limiting posts are fixedly connected to the fixing post, and fixing plates are mounted on the two limiting posts. Two limiting holes are formed on the fixing plates, and the limiting posts and limiting holes form a sliding pair. A rotatable screw is mounted on the fixing post, with one end of the screw away from the fixing post threadedly connected to the fixing plate. A fourth spring is mounted inside the third sliding frame, with both ends of the fourth spring fixedly connected to the third sliding frame and the third sliding plate, respectively.

[0018] In this design, the clamping and winding mechanism drives the fixed plate to move along the limiting post via a rotating screw, clamping the free ends of the pleural puncture simulation band and the punctural epidermal simulation band between the fixed plate and the fixed post. When the motor drives the fixed post to rotate counterclockwise, the used portions of the pleural puncture simulation band and the punctural epidermal simulation band are wound up synchronously, while the unused portions of the pleural puncture simulation band and the punctural epidermal simulation band move synchronously to the pleural effusion storage box area in preparation for subsequent simulated puncture.

[0019] Furthermore, the pleural effusion release device includes a storage tank, which is fixedly connected inside the simulation chamber. A water pump is installed on the storage tank, with the water inlet connected to the storage tank and the water outlet connected to the pleural effusion storage tank. A vacuum pump is installed on the pleural effusion storage tank, with the air inlet connected to the pleural effusion storage tank and the exhaust outlet located outside the pleural effusion storage tank. A capacitive liquid level sensor is installed inside the pleural effusion storage tank, and an inlet pipe is connected to the storage tank.

[0020] In this scheme, the electric telescopic rod drives the pressing frame to press the skeleton simulation frame tightly. At this time, the skeleton simulation frame and the puncture pleural simulation band are pressed simultaneously. The puncture pleural simulation band seals the first opening of the pleural effusion storage box. Then, the vacuum pump draws air to create negative pressure in the pleural effusion storage box. When the needle penetrates the pleural simulation band, it immediately collapses due to the negative pressure, creating a realistic feeling of falling. The effusion automatically flows out under the negative pressure, improving the realism of the puncture.

[0021] The working principle and beneficial effects of this solution are as follows: When training a mannequin for thoracentesis, the sliding baffle is removed from the mounting slot. The pleural puncture simulation band is pulled through the first moving cavity to between the fixed post and the fixed plate. The epidermal puncture simulation band is then pulled through the second moving cavity to the same clamping position between the fixed post and the fixed plate. The rotating screw drives the fixed plate to move along the limiting post, clamping the epidermal puncture simulation band and the free end of the pleural puncture simulation band. After reinstalling the sliding baffle, the electric telescopic rod is activated, driving the pressing frame to press the epidermal puncture simulation band against the skeleton simulation frame. Simultaneously, the pleural puncture simulation band is squeezed to close the first mounting port. At this time, the water pump is started to inject simulated pleural effusion, and the vacuum pump establishes negative pressure in the pleural effusion storage tank. The trainee performs thoracentesis training through the operating port, with the needle tip penetrating the epidermal puncture simulation band sequentially. The device simulates skin resistance, advances along the gaps between rib simulation rods (avoiding phased resistance), and breaks through the pleural puncture simulation band (experiencing the feeling of negative pressure imbalance and falling into emptiness). During the aspiration of simulated pleural effusion, a capacitive level sensor displays the fluid level in real time. When the simulated pleural effusion in the pleural effusion storage tank is ≤1%, the vacuum pump is turned off, the electric telescopic rod ends its compression of the skeleton simulation frame and releases pressure, the first spring pushes the skeleton simulation frame back to its original position, the motor drives the fixed column to rotate, and simultaneously rewinds the old sections of the two puncture epidermal simulation bands and the puncture pleural effusion simulation band and releases the new sections to the pleural effusion storage tank area. This solves the technical problem of low efficiency and cumbersome operation caused by the need to manually replace the used puncture epidermal and pleural layers during the simulated thoracentesis process of existing mannequins. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment; Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the simulation box and sliding baffle in the embodiment; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the simulation box and sliding baffle in the embodiment; Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the thoracic skeleton simulation device in the embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the puncture and skin replacement device in the embodiment; Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the puncture and skin replacement device in the embodiment; Figure 7 This is a partial exploded view of the puncture and skin replacement device in the embodiment; Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the clamping and winding mechanism in the embodiment; Figure 9 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the pleural effusion release device in the embodiment; Figure 10 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the puncture and skin replacement device in the embodiment; Figure 11 This is a side view of the pleural effusion storage box, the skeleton simulation frame, and the compression frame in the embodiment.

[0023] The following are the labels in the attached diagram: 1. Simulated human body; 2. Simulation box; 3. Sliding baffle; 4. First fixing rod; 5. Pleural effusion storage box; 6. Operating port; 7. First opening; 8. Skeletal simulation frame; 9. Rib simulation rod; 10. First moving cavity; 11. First sliding groove; 12. Second fixing rod; 13. Third fixing rod; 14. First spring; 15. First fixing plate; 16. First cylinder; 17. First sliding frame; 18. First sliding plate; 19. Second spring; 20. Second cylinder; 21. First fixing shaft; 22. Pleural puncture simulation belt; 23. Second fixing plate; 24. Third cylinder; 25. Second sliding frame; 26. Third spring; 27. Fourth cylinder; 28. Second fixing shaft; 29. ​​Pleural puncture mold. The following components are included: 30, second moving cavity 31, electric telescopic rod 32, connecting plate 33, connecting column 34, pressing frame 35, support plate 36, mounting bracket 37, motor 38, third fixing plate 39, fifth cylinder 40, third sliding frame 41, third sliding plate 42, fourth spring 43, sixth cylinder 44, fixing column 45, two limiting columns 46, fixing plate 47, screw 48, limiting hole 49, liquid storage tank 50, water pump 51, vacuum pump 52, capacitive liquid level sensor 53, liquid inlet pipe 54, valve 55, first limiting plate 56, first roller 57, second limiting plate 58, second roller 59, third limiting plate 60, third roller 61, mounting groove 62, anti-slip serrations 63. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method: Example

[0025] like Figures 1 to 11As shown, a comprehensive training manikin for ambulance crews in the field of health is disclosed, including a manikin body 1, a simulation box 2, a sliding baffle 3, two first fixing rods 4, a pleural effusion storage box 5, a thoracic skeleton simulation device, a puncture skin replacement device, and a pleural effusion release device. The simulation box 2 is set in the upper torso of the manikin. The simulation box 2 has an installation groove 62. The sliding baffle 3 is slidably locked in the installation groove 62. The sliding baffle 3 has an operation port 6 that extends into the simulation box 2. Two first fixing rods 4 are fixedly connected to opposite side walls inside the simulation box 2. The two first fixing rods 4 are fixed together. A pleural effusion storage box 5 is connected to the pleural effusion storage box 5. The pleural effusion storage box 5 has a first opening 7 on the side near the back of the mannequin. A thoracic skeleton simulation device is installed on the pleural effusion storage box 5. The thoracic skeleton simulation device is used to simulate the thoracic skeleton structure in the puncture path. A puncture skin replacement device is installed in the simulation box 2. The puncture skin replacement device can cooperate with the thoracic skeleton simulation device. The puncture skin replacement device is used to automatically replace the puncture skin at the thoracic skeleton simulation device. A pleural effusion release device is installed on the simulation box 2. The pleural effusion release device is used to transport the simulated pleural effusion into the simulation box 2.

[0026] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the thoracic skeleton simulation device includes two limiting mechanisms, a skeleton simulation frame 8, and multiple rib simulation rods 9. Each of the two first fixed rods 4 has a first sliding groove 11. Each first sliding groove 11 is provided with a limiting mechanism. The skeleton simulation frame 8 is fixedly connected to the limiting mechanism. The skeleton simulation frame 8 is located on the side close to the first opening 7. A first movable cavity 10 is formed between the skeleton simulation frame 8 and the pleural effusion storage box 5. Multiple rib simulation rods 9 are provided in the skeleton simulation frame 8.

[0027] like Figure 4 As shown, the limiting mechanism includes a second fixed rod 12, a third fixed rod 13, and two first springs 14. The second fixed rod 12 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the skeleton simulation frame 8. The third fixed rod 13 is provided on the side of the second fixed rod 12 away from the skeleton simulation frame 8. One end of the third fixed rod 13 is fixedly connected to the second fixed rod 12, and the other end of the third fixed rod 13 is slidably disposed in the first sliding groove 11. Two first springs 14 are disposed in the first sliding groove 11. One end of each of the two first springs 14 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first sliding groove 11, and the other end of each of the two first springs 14 is fixedly connected to the third fixed rod 13.

[0028] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 11As shown, the puncture skin replacement device includes a first fixing plate 15, a first cylinder 16, a first sliding frame 17, a first sliding plate 18, a second spring 19, a second cylinder 20, a first fixing shaft 21, a puncture pleural simulation belt 22, a second fixing plate 23, a third cylinder 24, a second sliding frame 25, a second sliding plate 26, a third spring 27, a fourth cylinder 28, a second fixing shaft 29, a puncture skin simulation belt 30, a pressing and fixing mechanism, and a clamping and winding mechanism. The first fixing plate 15 is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the inner wall of the simulation box 2, and the first cylinder 16 is rotatably connected to the first fixing plate 15. The first sliding frame 17 is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the inner wall of the simulation box 2, and the first sliding plate 18 is slidably fitted inside the first sliding frame 17. A second spring 19 is provided inside the first sliding frame 17. One end of the second spring 19 is fixedly connected to the first sliding frame 17, and the other end of the second spring 19 is fixedly connected to the first sliding plate 18. A second cylinder 20 is rotatably connected to one end of the first sliding plate 18 near the first cylinder 16. A first fixed shaft 21 is clamped between the second cylinder 20 and the first cylinder 16. A puncture pleural simulation belt 22 is wound around the first fixed shaft 21. The puncture pleural simulation belt 22 is made of medical silicone film. The puncture pleural simulation belt 22 is wound on the first fixed shaft 21. The free end of the puncture pleural simulation belt 22 can pass through the first moving cavity 10. The side of the skeleton simulation frame 8 near the pleural effusion storage box 5 can contact the puncture pleural simulation belt 22. like Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 11 As shown, a second fixing plate 23 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the inner wall of the simulation box 2. A third cylinder 24 is rotatably connected to the second fixing plate 23. A second sliding frame 25 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the inner wall of the simulation box 2. A second sliding plate 26 is slidably fitted inside the second sliding frame 25. A third spring 27 is provided inside the second sliding frame 25. One end of the third spring 27 is fixedly connected to the second sliding frame 25, and the other end of the third spring 27 is fixedly connected to the second sliding plate 26. A fourth cylinder 28 is rotatably connected to the side of the second sliding plate 26 near the second cylinder 20. The fourth cylinder 28 and the third cylinder 24 are connected... A second fixing shaft 29 is installed between the two, and a puncture epidermal simulation belt 30 is provided on the second fixing shaft 29. The puncture epidermal simulation belt 30 is made of medical silicone and is wound around the second fixing shaft 29. A pressing and fixing mechanism is provided on the pleural effusion storage box 5. A second moving cavity 31 is formed between the pressing and fixing mechanism and the skeleton simulation frame 8. The free end of the puncture epidermal simulation belt 30 can pass through the second moving cavity 31. A clamping and winding mechanism is provided in the simulation box 2. The clamping and winding mechanism is used to clamp and wind up the free end of the puncture epidermal simulation belt 30 and the puncture pleural simulation belt 22.

[0029] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the compression and fixation mechanism includes an electric telescopic rod 32, a connecting plate 33, multiple connecting columns 34, and a compression frame 35. The electric telescopic rod 32 is fixedly connected to the side of the pleural effusion storage box 5 away from the skeleton simulation frame 8. The telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 32 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 33. Multiple connecting columns 34 are installed on the connecting plate 33. The end of the multiple connecting columns 34 away from the connecting plate 33 is fixedly connected to the compression frame 35. A second moving cavity 31 is formed between the compression frame 35 and the skeleton simulation frame 8. The side of the compression frame 35 near the skeleton simulation frame 8 can contact the puncture pleural simulation belt 22.

[0030] like Figure 8 As shown, the clamping and winding mechanism includes a support plate 36, a mounting frame 37, a motor 38, a third fixed plate 39, a fifth cylinder 40, a third sliding frame 41, a third sliding plate 42, a fourth spring 43, a sixth cylinder 44, a fixed column 45, two limit columns 46, a fixed plate 47, and a screw 48. The support plate 36 is fixedly connected inside the simulation box 2. The mounting frame 37 is mounted on the support plate 36, and the motor 38 is mounted on the mounting frame 37. The third fixed plate 39 is fixedly connected to the support plate 36, and the fifth cylinder 40 is mounted on the third fixed plate 39. One end of the fifth cylinder 40 is fixedly connected to the power output shaft of the motor 38, and the other end of the fifth cylinder 40 passes through the third fixed plate 39. The third sliding frame 41 is fixedly connected to the support plate 36, and the third sliding plate is slidably mounted inside the third sliding frame 41. 42. A fourth spring 43 is provided inside the third sliding frame 41. One end of the fourth spring 43 is fixedly connected to the third sliding frame 41, and the other end of the fourth spring 43 is fixedly connected to the third sliding plate 42. A sixth cylinder 44 is rotatably connected to the third sliding plate 42. A fixing post 45 is fitted between the sixth cylinder 44 and the fifth cylinder 40. Two limiting posts 46 are fixedly connected to the fixing post 45. A fixing plate 47 is provided on the two limiting posts 46. Two limiting holes 49 are opened on the fixing plate 47. The limiting posts are slidably connected to the limiting holes 49. A screw 48 is provided on the side of the fixing post 45 near the fixing plate 47. One end of the screw 48 is rotatably connected to the fixing post 45, and the other end of the screw 48 is threadedly connected to the fixing plate 47. Anti-slip teeth 63 are opened on the opposite sidewalls of the fixing post 45 and the fixing plate 47.

[0031] like Figure 9As shown, the pleural effusion release device includes a storage tank 50, a water pump 51, a vacuum pump 52, a capacitive liquid level sensor 53, an inlet pipe 54, and a valve 55. The storage tank 50 is fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the simulation chamber 2, storing simulated pleural effusion. A water pump 51 is installed above the storage tank 50, with its inlet connected to the storage tank 50 and its outlet connected to the pleural effusion storage tank 5. A vacuum pump 52 is installed on the side wall of the pleural effusion storage tank 5, with its inlet connected to the pleural effusion storage tank 5 and its exhaust located outside the pleural effusion storage tank 5. A capacitive liquid level sensor 53 is installed inside the pleural effusion storage tank 5. The probe of the capacitive liquid level sensor 53 is installed inside the pleural effusion storage tank 5. The display module of the capacitive liquid level sensor 53 is connected to the operation panel on the top of the simulation tank 2 through a shielded cable. An inlet pipe 54 is installed on the storage tank 50. One end of the inlet pipe 54 is connected to the storage tank 50, and the other end of the inlet pipe 54 passes through the simulation tank 2 and the simulated human body 1. A valve 55 is installed at the end of the inlet pipe 54 that passes through the simulation tank 2. The capacitive liquid level sensor 53 is existing technology, and the model of the capacitive liquid level sensor 53 is Siemens CLS200.

[0032] like Figure 10 As shown, the puncture skin replacement device also includes two first limiting plates 56, a first roller 57, two second limiting plates 58, a second roller 59, two third limiting plates 60, and a third roller 61. Two first limiting plates 56 are fixedly connected to one end of the pleural effusion storage tank 5 near the first fixed shaft 21. A rotatable first roller 57 is disposed between the two first limiting plates 56, and the first roller 57 can contact the puncture pleural simulation belt 22. Two second limiting plates 58 are fixedly connected to one end of the pleural effusion storage tank 5 near the motor 38. A rotatable second roller 59 is disposed between the two second limiting plates 58, and the second roller 59 can contact the puncture pleural simulation belt 22. Two third limiting plates 60 are fixedly connected to one end of the skeleton simulation frame 8 near the motor 38. A rotatable third roller 61 is disposed between the two third limiting plates 60, and the third roller 61 can contact the puncture skin simulation belt 30.

[0033] In practice: When a mannequin is needed for thoracentesis simulation training, firstly, the sliding baffle 3 on the simulation box 2 is removed through the mounting slot 62. Then, the free end of the pleural puncture simulation band 22, wound on the first fixed shaft 21, is pulled through the first movable cavity 10 formed between the skeleton simulation frame 8 and the pleural effusion storage box 5. After the pleural puncture simulation band 22 passes through the first movable cavity 10, it is placed between the fixed post 45 and the fixed plate 47. Next, the free end of the punctural epidermal simulation band 30, wound on the second fixed shaft 29, is pulled through the second movable cavity 31 formed between the pressing frame 35 and the skeleton simulation frame 8. After the free end of the punctural epidermal simulation band 30 passes through the second movable cavity 31, it is placed between the fixed post 45 and the fixed plate 47. At this time, rotating the screw 48 on the fixing post 45 clockwise will cause the fixing plate 47 to move closer to one side of the fixing post 45 when the screw 48 is rotated clockwise. The two limiting posts 46 on the fixing post 45 slide in the two limiting holes 49 on the fixing plate 47 to limit the fixing plate 47, preventing the screw 48 from rotating and causing the fixing plate 47 to rotate. The rotation of the screw 48 causes the fixing plate 47 to move closer to the fixing post 45. During the movement, the fixing plate 47 clamps and fixes the free ends of the puncture epidermal simulation band 30 and the puncture pleural simulation band 22 on the fixing post 45. The anti-slip teeth 63 on the opposite sidewalls of the fixing post 45 and the fixing plate 47 increase the friction.

[0034] After the puncture skin simulation band 30 and the puncture pleura simulation band 22 are pulled and clamped between the fixing post 45 and the fixing plate 47, the sliding baffle 3 is placed in the mounting slot 62 on the simulation box 2. At this time, the electric telescopic rod 32 can be activated to move the connecting plate 33 away from the skeleton simulation frame 8. During the movement of the connecting plate 33, the connecting plate 33 drives multiple connecting posts 34 to move simultaneously. At this time, the connecting posts 34 drive the pressing frame 35 to move. During the movement of the pressing frame 35, it will gradually press the puncture skin simulation band 30 located in the second moving cavity 31. When the puncture skin simulation band 30 is pressed, it will also press the skeleton simulation frame 8. When the skeleton simulation frame 8 is pressed, it will drive the second fixing rod 12 to move. The second fixing rod 12 drives the third fixing rod 13 to move. The third fixed rod 13 moves within the first sliding groove 11 on the fixed rod 4. During the movement of the third fixed rod 13, the first spring 14 in the first sliding groove 11 is compressed to store elastic potential energy for subsequent reset. During the movement of the skeleton simulation frame 8, the puncture pleural simulation band 22 located in the first moving cavity 10 is squeezed. The electric telescopic rod 32 works continuously to clamp and fix the puncture pleural simulation band 22 between the skeleton simulation frame 8 and the pleural effusion storage box 5. At this time, the puncture pleural simulation band 22 is in close contact with the surface of the pleural effusion storage box 5, sealing the first opening 7 to form a sealed space. When the electric telescopic rod 32 reaches the predetermined stroke, it stops working. At this time, the pressing frame 35 presses and fixes the puncture epidermal simulation band 30 on the skeleton simulation frame 8, and at the same time, presses and fixes the puncture pleural simulation band 22 on the pleural effusion storage box 5.

[0035] After the electric telescopic rod 32 reaches the predetermined stroke, the water pump 51 is started, and the simulated pleural effusion in the reservoir 50 is pumped into the pleural effusion storage tank 5. Since the electric telescopic rod 32 has driven the pleural puncture simulation belt 22 to close the first opening 7 on the pleural effusion storage tank 5, the simulated pleural effusion pumped into the pleural effusion storage tank 5 by the water pump 51 will not flow out. At this time, the volume of the simulated pleural effusion in the pleural effusion storage tank 5 is detected by the capacitive liquid level sensor 53. The volume in the pleural effusion storage tank 5 is detected in real time through the operation panel of the capacitive liquid level sensor 53 located above the simulation tank 2. When the simulated pleural effusion in the pleural effusion storage tank 5 reaches the required set volume, the water pump 51 is turned off. At this time, the vacuum pump 52 is started to extract the air in the pleural effusion storage tank 5 to achieve a negative pressure physiological environment of -5 to -10 cmH2O in the human pleural cavity. By opening the valve 55 on the inlet pipe 54, the fluid can be continuously replenished into the reservoir 50.

[0036] Once the pleural effusion storage tank 5 is filled with simulated pleural effusion and a negative pressure is established, simulated thoracentesis training can begin. Trainees start training directly through the operating port 6 on the sliding baffle 3. Holding the puncture needle, the trainee first punctures the simulated skin band 30, experiencing the elastic resistance of the simulated skin made of medical silicone. Then, the needle tip touches the simulated rib rods 9 on the skeleton simulation frame 8. By adjusting the insertion angle, the needle is advanced along the gaps between adjacent simulated rib rods 9, avoiding the phased resistance applied by the simulated rib rods 9. When the needle tip penetrates the simulated pleural band 22, the trainee experiences a feeling of emptiness caused by the disruption of the negative pressure environment within the pleural effusion storage tank 5. Simultaneously, the -8±2cmH2O negative pressure maintained by the vacuum pump 52 becomes unbalanced, causing the pleural effusion to puncture. The simulated pleural effusion in the pleural effusion storage tank 5 flows out instantly through the needle hole, simulating the drainage characteristics of real pleural effusion. After the puncture needle enters the pleural effusion storage tank 5, the trainee operates the syringe to aspirate the simulated pleural effusion. The capacitive liquid level sensor 53 installed in the pleural effusion storage tank 5 detects the changes in the pleural effusion level in real time. The display module of the capacitive liquid level sensor 53 is connected to the operation panel on the top of the simulation tank 2 through a shielded cable to dynamically update the liquid level percentage value. It can detect the simulated pleural effusion in the pleural effusion storage tank 5 in real time. When the liquid level is aspirated to ≤1%, the vacuum pump 52 automatically shuts off to release the negative pressure, simulating the final state of complete aspiration in clinical operation, and preventing the trainee from over-aspirating and damaging the simulated organ.

[0037] After continuous simulation training, the puncture skin simulation band 30 and puncture pleural simulation band 22 located at the pleural effusion storage box 5 suffer dense penetrating damage due to repeated punctures, making it impossible for them to maintain a seal and the realism of the puncture feel. First, the electric telescopic rod 32 is activated to return to its initial state, ending the compression and fixation of the puncture skin simulation band 30 and puncture pleural simulation band 22 located at the pleural effusion storage box 5. The skeleton simulation frame 8 is then driven back to its initial state by the release of elastic potential energy from the compressed first spring 14. At this time, the system is activated. The motor 38 on the mounting bracket 37 drives the fifth cylinder 40 on the third fixing plate 39 to rotate counterclockwise. The fifth cylinder 40 drives the fixing column 45 to start rotating through the sixth cylinder 44 on the third sliding plate 42. When the fixing column 45 starts to rotate, the free ends of the puncture epidermal simulation band 30 and the puncture pleura simulation band 22 are clamped and fixed between the fixing column 45 and the fixing plate 47. When the fixing column 45 starts to rotate, the puncture epidermal simulation band 30 and the puncture pleura simulation band 22 also start to rotate.

[0038] When motor 38 starts driving fixed column 45 to rotate and rewind the puncture epidermal simulation belt 30 and the puncture pleural simulation belt 22, the puncture epidermal simulation belt 30 is wound around the second fixed shaft 29. The second fixed shaft 29 is clamped and limited by the third cylinder 24 on the second fixed plate 23 and the fourth cylinder 28 on the second sliding plate 26. When the free end of the puncture epidermal simulation belt 30 begins to be rotated and rewound by fixed column 45, the puncture epidermal simulation belt 30 wound around the second fixed shaft 29 is continuously released under the action of traction force. At this time, the puncture epidermal simulation belt 22... The used portion of the simulated skin puncture band 30 will gradually be wound onto the fixed post 45, while the unused portion of the simulated skin puncture band 30 will gradually move to the skeleton simulation frame 8. During this movement, the third roller 61 between the two third limiting plates 60 assists in the movement of the simulated skin puncture band 30. Simultaneously, the simulated skin puncture band 30 is wound and rolled up by the fixed post 45. Since the simulated skin puncture band 22 is wound onto the first roller 57, the first fixed post 2... 1. The pleural simulation band 22 is clamped and limited by the first cylinder 16 on the first fixed plate 15 and the second cylinder 20 on the first sliding plate 18. When the free end of the pleural simulation band 22 begins to be rotated and wound by the fixed column 45, the pleural simulation band 22 wound on the first fixed shaft 21 is continuously released under the action of traction force. At this time, the used part of the pleural simulation band 22 will gradually be wound onto the fixed column 45, and the unused part of the pleural simulation band 22 will gradually move to the pleural effusion storage box 5. When the pleural simulation band 22 moves... During the movement, the first roller 57 between the two first limiting plates 56 and the second roller 59 between the two second limiting plates 58 assist in the movement of the puncture pleural simulation belt 22. The motor 38 drives the fixed column 45 to rotate counterclockwise, synchronously winding up the used parts of the puncture pleural simulation belt 22 and the puncture epidermal simulation belt 30, so that the unused sections of the puncture pleural simulation belt 22 and the puncture epidermal simulation belt 30 are automatically moved to the area of ​​the pleural effusion storage box 5 and the skeleton simulation frame 8, completing the coordinated replacement of the puncture pleural simulation belt 22 and the puncture epidermal simulation belt 30.

[0039] After the pleural puncture simulation band 22 and the epidermal puncture simulation band 30 wound on the first fixed shaft 21 and the second fixed shaft 29 are used up, directly remove the sliding baffle 3 on the simulation box 2. Then, by pulling the first sliding plate 18, move it away from the first fixed plate 15 within the first sliding frame 17. During the movement, the first sliding plate 18 will compress the second spring 19 within the first sliding frame 17 to provide elastic potential energy for subsequent reset. At this time, the first fixed shaft 21, which is clamped and held between the first cylinder 16 and the second cylinder 20, can be removed. A new pleural puncture simulation band 22 can then be wound onto the first fixed shaft 21. After pulling the first sliding plate 18, the first fixed shaft 21 can be placed between the first cylinder 16 and the second cylinder 20. The second sliding plate 26 is reset by the second spring 19. After pulling the second sliding plate 26, move it away from the second fixed plate 23 within the second sliding frame 25. The second fixed shaft 29, located between the third cylinder 24 and the fourth cylinder 28, can then be removed. Remove the first fixed shaft 21. Then, wind the new puncture epidermal simulation band 30 onto the second fixed shaft 29. Pull the second sliding plate 26 to place the second fixed shaft 29 between the third cylinder 24 and the fourth cylinder 28. The third spring 27 pushes the second sliding plate 26, causing the fourth cylinder 28 to reset and clamp the second fixed shaft 29. After the replacement of the first fixed shaft 21 and the second fixed shaft 29 is complete, pull the third sliding plate 42 within the third sliding frame 41 to move it away from the third fixed plate 39. Then, the fixed post 45 located between the fifth cylinder 40 and the sixth cylinder 44 can be removed, and the used puncture pleural simulation band 22 and puncture epidermal simulation band 30 rolled up on the fixed post 45 can be retrieved. Then, the third sliding plate 42 is pulled to place the fixed post 45 between the fifth cylinder 40 and the sixth cylinder 44, and the free ends of the puncture epidermal simulation band 30 and puncture pleural simulation band 22 are pulled back to the fixed post 45 and the fixed plate 47 for clamping and fixing. At this time, the simulation training can continue.

[0040] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge regarding specific structures and characteristics in the solutions is not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or its practicality.

Claims

1. A comprehensive training mannequin for ambulance crews specializing in medical care, characterized by: The device includes a mannequin body, a simulation box on the mannequin body, a sliding baffle on the simulation box, an operating port extending into the simulation box on the sliding baffle, two first fixing rods installed inside the simulation box, a pleural effusion storage box fixedly connected between the two first fixing rods, a first opening on the side wall of the pleural effusion storage box, a pleural skeleton simulation device for simulating the thoracic skeleton structure in the puncture path on the pleural effusion storage box, an automatic puncture skin replacement device for automatically replacing the puncture skin at the pleural skeleton simulation device, and a pleural effusion release device for transporting simulated pleural effusion into the simulation box.

2. The comprehensive training simulator for ambulance crews in the field of health care according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thoracic skeleton simulation device includes two limiting mechanisms, each of which is slidably disposed in a first sliding groove opened on each of the first fixed rods. A skeleton simulation frame is disposed between the two limiting mechanisms, and a first movable cavity is formed between the skeleton simulation frame and the pleural effusion storage box. Multiple rib simulation rods are disposed within the skeleton simulation frame.

3. The comprehensive training simulator for ambulance crews in the field of health care according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the limiting mechanisms includes a second fixing rod, which is fixedly connected to the side wall of the skeleton simulation frame. A third fixing rod is fixedly connected to the second fixing rod. The end of the third fixing rod away from the second fixing rod is slidably disposed in the first sliding groove. Two first springs are disposed in the first sliding groove. One end of each of the two first springs is fixedly connected to the first sliding groove, and the other end of each of the two first springs is fixedly connected to the third fixing rod.

4. The comprehensive training simulator for ambulance crews in the field of health care according to claim 1, characterized in that: The puncture skin replacement device includes a first fixing plate, which is fixedly connected to the simulation box. A first sliding frame is fixedly connected inside the simulation box. A slidable first sliding plate is provided inside the first sliding frame. A rotatable first fixing shaft is installed between the first sliding plate and the first fixing plate. A puncture pleural simulation belt is wound around the first fixing shaft. The free end of the puncture pleural simulation belt can cooperate with the first moving cavity. A second spring is provided inside the first sliding frame. The two ends of the second spring are respectively fixedly connected to the first sliding frame and the first sliding plate.

5. The comprehensive training simulator for ambulance crews in the field of health care according to claim 4, characterized in that: The puncture skin replacement device further includes a second fixing plate, which is fixedly connected to the simulation box. A second sliding frame is fixedly connected inside the simulation box, and a slidable second sliding plate is provided inside the second sliding frame. A rotatable second fixing shaft is installed between the second sliding plate and the second fixing plate. A puncture skin simulation belt is wound on the second fixing shaft. A third spring is provided inside the second sliding frame, and the two ends of the third spring are fixedly connected to the second sliding frame and the second sliding plate, respectively. A pressing and fixing mechanism for pressing the skeleton simulation frame is provided on the pleural effusion storage box. A second moving cavity is formed between the pressing and fixing mechanism and the skeleton simulation frame. The free end of the puncture skin simulation belt can cooperate with the second moving cavity. A clamping and winding mechanism for clamping and winding the free end of the puncture skin simulation belt and the puncture pleural simulation belt is provided inside the simulation box.

6. The comprehensive training simulator for ambulance crews in the field of health care according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressing and fixing mechanism includes an electric telescopic rod, which is fixedly connected to the pleural effusion storage box. A connecting plate is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod, and multiple connecting columns are fixedly connected to the connecting plate. A pressing frame is fixedly connected to the multiple connecting columns, and a second moving cavity is formed between the pressing frame and the skeleton simulation frame. The free end of the puncture epidermal simulation band can cooperate with the second moving cavity.

7. The comprehensive training simulator for ambulance crews in the field of health care according to claim 4, characterized in that: The clamping and winding mechanism includes a support plate, which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the simulation box. A motor is mounted on the support plate, and a third fixed plate is fixedly connected to the support plate. A fifth cylinder is mounted on the third fixed plate, with one end of the fifth cylinder fixedly connected to the power output shaft of the motor and the other end of the fifth cylinder penetrating through the third fixed plate. A third sliding frame is fixedly connected to the support plate, and a third sliding plate is slidably mounted on the third sliding frame. A rotatable sixth cylinder is mounted on the third sliding plate, and a fixed post is engaged between the sixth cylinder and the fifth cylinder. Two limiting posts are fixedly connected to the fixed post, and fixed plates are mounted on the two limiting posts. Two limiting holes are formed on the fixed plate, and the limiting posts and limiting holes form a sliding pair. A rotatable screw is mounted on the fixed post, with one end of the screw away from the fixed post threadedly connected to the fixed plate. A fourth spring is mounted inside the third sliding frame, with both ends of the fourth spring fixedly connected to the third sliding frame and the third sliding plate, respectively.

8. The comprehensive training simulator for ambulance crews in the field of health care according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pleural effusion release device includes a reservoir fixedly connected inside the simulation chamber. A water pump is installed on the reservoir, with its inlet connected to the reservoir and its outlet connected to the pleural effusion storage tank. A vacuum pump is installed on the pleural effusion storage tank, with its inlet connected to the storage tank and its exhaust located outside the tank. A capacitive level sensor is installed inside the storage tank, and an inlet pipe is connected to the reservoir.

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