An apparatus for separating particulate matter in air and a separation method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses an air particulate matter separation device and method. The device includes a fan, a purified water chamber, and a multi-stage separation chamber. A filter element is installed within the multi-stage separation chamber. The fan blows air carrying dust particles into the multi-stage separation chamber, causing the dust particles (calcium carbonate particles) to be filtered onto the filter element. The multi-stage separation chamber is connected to a first gas separation mechanism, which in turn is connected to the purified water chamber. The purified water chamber stores distilled water. The first gas separation mechanism separates carbon dioxide from the air and inputs the carbon dioxide into the purified water chamber, converting the distilled water into carbon dioxide-containing water. The purified water chamber is connected to the multi-stage separation chamber, and the filter element is rinsed using this carbon dioxide-containing water. During physical rinsing, carbon dioxide, water, and calcium carbonate react to form calcium bicarbonate dissolved in the water, effectively removing dust particles adhering to the filter element, preventing filter pore clogging, extending filter element life, and avoiding frequent filter element replacements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of air filtration technology, and in particular to an air particulate matter separation device and method. Background Technology

[0002] In classrooms and other indoor educational spaces, the use of chalk often generates a large amount of chalk dust. The main component of chalk is calcium carbonate, which, although not obviously toxic, can still easily cause the concentration of particulate matter in the air to exceed the standard, potentially damaging the respiratory tract and easily staining clothing, desks, and other items.

[0003] Chalk dust is mainly generated by chalk rubbing against blackboards. Existing technology has relatively mature mechanical separation methods for solid particles in the air, and the commonly used method is to use the isolation or adsorption function of porous filter elements to achieve filtration.

[0004] However, chalk is used frequently in indoor educational spaces such as classrooms. A large amount of chalk particles can cause the filter cartridge to need to be replaced frequently, which consumes a lot of manpower and resources. In addition, chalk particles adhering to the surface of the filter cartridge are prone to deliquescence and blockage of pores when exposed to moisture.

[0005] Based on the above statements, the existing technical solutions have the following obvious drawbacks:

[0006] The filter element needs to be replaced frequently, resulting in high maintenance costs: "Due to the high frequency of chalk use, a large amount of chalk particles can easily cause the filter element to need to be replaced frequently, which consumes a lot of manpower and resources."

[0007] Filter cartridges are prone to deliquescence and clogging when exposed to water, resulting in unreliable performance: "Chalk particles adhering to the surface of the filter cartridge are prone to deliquescence and clogging of the pores when exposed to moisture, causing a rapid decline in filtration efficiency and making the equipment unable to operate stably." Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide an air particulate matter separation device, which aims to solve the technical problems of the prior art of filtering chalk particles through porous filter cartridges, which requires frequent replacement of filter cartridges, which consumes manpower and resources, and the chalk particles are easily deliquesced by moisture on the surface of the filter cartridge, resulting in filter pore blockage.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0010] An airborne particulate matter separation device includes a fan, a water purification chamber, and a multi-stage separation chamber connected to the fan;

[0011] The multi-stage separation chamber is equipped with a filter element, and the fan is used to blow air containing dust particles into the multi-stage separation chamber so that the dust particles are filtered onto the filter element. The dust particles are calcium carbonate particles.

[0012] The multi-stage separation chamber is connected to the first gas separation mechanism, which is connected to the purified water chamber. The purified water chamber is used to store distilled water. The first gas separation mechanism is used to separate carbon dioxide from the air and input the carbon dioxide into the purified water chamber to convert the distilled water into carbon dioxide-containing water.

[0013] The purified water chamber is connected to the multi-stage separation chamber to rinse the filter element with carbon dioxide-containing water.

[0014] Preferably, a spraying mechanism is provided in the multi-stage separation chamber, and the spraying mechanism is connected to the water purification chamber. The water outlet of the spraying mechanism is set towards the filter element. Water is supplied through the water purification chamber to rinse the filter element. During the physical rinsing, water, carbon dioxide and the core particulate matter component calcium carbonate react to generate calcium bicarbonate dissolved in the water, thereby achieving the purpose of cleaning the filter element.

[0015] Preferably, the first gas separation mechanism includes a first carbon dioxide adsorption / desorption chamber that is connected to the purified water chamber and the multi-stage separation chamber respectively. The first carbon dioxide adsorption / desorption chamber is provided with an adsorption material and a heating mechanism. The adsorption material is used to adsorb carbon dioxide in the air, and the heating mechanism is used to heat the adsorption material so that the carbon dioxide is removed from the adsorption material. Combined with a one-way valve, the high concentration of carbon dioxide is transported to the purified water chamber to form a water body rich in carbon dioxide.

[0016] Preferably, it also includes a secondary purification chamber and a second gas separation mechanism;

[0017] The front end of the secondary purification chamber is connected to the water purification chamber via a pipe and a one-way valve, so that the carbon dioxide-containing water in the water purification chamber can enter the secondary purification chamber.

[0018] The outlet of the first carbon dioxide adsorption chamber is connected to the inlet of the secondary purification chamber, and is used to introduce the air treated by the first carbon dioxide adsorption chamber into the secondary purification chamber.

[0019] The air inlet of the secondary purification chamber is located below its internal liquid level line, and an aeration device is installed at the air inlet to ensure that the incoming air comes into full contact with the carbon dioxide-containing water in the chamber, so as to remove residual nano-sized particles in the air and increase air humidity through chemical reaction.

[0020] The outlet of the secondary purification chamber is connected to the inlet of the second gas separation mechanism. The second gas separation mechanism is connected to both the water purification chamber and the external environment. It is used to transport carbon dioxide from the secondary purification chamber back to the water purification chamber and simultaneously discharge the purified and humidified air to the external environment.

[0021] Preferably, the air particulate matter separation device further includes a dehydration chamber, which is disposed between the fan and the multi-stage separation chamber, and is used to remove moisture from the air.

[0022] Preferably, the air particulate matter separation device further includes a water storage tank, one end of which is connected to the dehydration tank for storing water in the dehydration tank. A distillation mechanism is installed inside the water storage tank for distilling water into distilled water. The water storage tank and the purified water tank are connected by a pipeline, and the distilled water is collected in the purified water tank.

[0023] Preferably, the air duct between the dehydration chamber and the multi-stage separation chamber is arranged around the connecting duct between the water storage chamber and the purified water chamber, so that the flowing air can cool the duct at the outlet end of the distillation mechanism during the operation of the distillation mechanism.

[0024] Preferably, the secondary purification chamber is connected to the water storage chamber;

[0025] A detachable sedimentation tank is installed inside the water storage tank to collect and remove solid particles accumulated in the device.

[0026] The secondary purification chamber and the precipitator are connected by a pipeline with a one-way valve, which is used to periodically transport the high-calcium bicarbonate water generated in the secondary purification chamber to the precipitator.

[0027] The water purification tank is connected to the secondary purification tank and is used to replenish the secondary purification tank with new water and carbon dioxide after the high calcium bicarbonate water is discharged, so as to refresh the reaction medium.

[0028] The multi-stage separation chamber is connected to the water storage tank, and the wastewater carrying particulate matter after rinsing the filter element flows back into the water storage tank.

[0029] Preferably, a drying mechanism is provided in the multi-stage separation chamber, and the drying mechanism is used to dry the filter element.

[0030] In addition, the present invention also provides a separation method for an air particulate matter separation device, comprising the following steps:

[0031] Step S1, Gas Input and Dehydration: Start the fan to allow the air to be treated to enter the dehydration chamber under the drive of the fan, and remove the moisture from the air;

[0032] Step S2, Dust Filtration: The dehydrated air enters the multi-stage separation chamber, where calcium carbonate particles are trapped on the filter element inside the multi-stage separation chamber.

[0033] Step S3, Carbon Dioxide Separation: After dust filtration, the air enters the first carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption chamber, where the adsorption material adsorbs the carbon dioxide in the air and desorbs it through the heating mechanism to obtain high-concentration carbon dioxide gas.

[0034] Step S4: Preparation of reaction solution: The high-concentration carbon dioxide gas obtained in step S is introduced into the water purification chamber, so that it is mixed with the distilled water in the chamber to form a water body rich in carbon dioxide.

[0035] Step S5, Filter Cartridge Cleaning: The carbon dioxide-rich water in the purified water chamber is passed into the multi-stage separation chamber to rinse the filter cartridge; the carbon dioxide in the water reacts chemically with the calcium carbonate particles trapped on the filter cartridge to generate water-soluble calcium bicarbonate, thereby dissolving and removing the particles.

[0036] Step S6, Secondary Purification: The carbon dioxide-containing water in the purified water chamber is introduced into the secondary purification chamber, and the air after step S3 is introduced into the secondary purification chamber below the liquid surface, so that the air and the carbon dioxide-containing water can fully contact each other to remove the residual nano-sized calcium carbonate particles in the air and increase the air humidity.

[0037] Step S7, Gas Separation and Discharge: The gas processed in step S6 is introduced into the second gas separation mechanism to separate the carbon dioxide and send it back to the clean water tank, while the purified and humidified air is discharged.

[0038] Step S8, Filter element drying: After completing the filter element cleaning in step S5, start the drying mechanism in the multi-stage separation chamber to dry the filter element.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] This invention solves the technical problem that chalk particles (calcium carbonate) are prone to deliquescence, caking, and clogging of filter pores when filtering humid air by setting up a dehydration chamber to pre-dehumidify the air. It achieves stable and efficient physical interception of chalk dust and ensures the long-term unobstructed operation of the filter unit.

[0041] This invention separates carbon dioxide from the air by setting up a first carbon dioxide adsorption chamber, and uses it to form a carbon dioxide-rich water body with water in the purified water chamber to rinse the filter element. This solves the core pain point of traditional physical filtration methods where the filter element is easily clogged by particulate matter and requires frequent manual cleaning or replacement. It realizes the self-cleaning function of the filter element by using chemical reaction to dissolve and remove solid particulate matter in situ, which significantly reduces the maintenance frequency and cost.

[0042] This invention solves the problem of treating filter cleaning wastewater and solid byproducts within the system by integrating a water storage tank, a sedimentation tank, and connected pipelines. It realizes the internal circulation of water resources and the centralized and convenient cleaning of solid waste, thereby improving the environmental friendliness and ease of operation of the system.

[0043] This invention solves the problem of the difficulty in completely removing residual nano-sized fine particulate matter in the air by setting up a secondary purification chamber and a second gas separation mechanism, achieving deep purification of chalk dust (including nano-sized particles), while increasing the humidity of the exhaust air and improving the quality of the indoor environment.

[0044] This invention solves the problem of cooling the outlet pipe during the operation of the distillation mechanism by arranging the air pipe between the dehydration chamber and the multi-stage separation chamber around the connecting pipe between the water storage chamber and the purified water chamber. It utilizes airflow for heat exchange, thereby reducing system energy consumption and improving thermal energy utilization efficiency.

[0045] This invention improves filtration efficiency by adding a step to dry the filter element, allowing the filtration function to be quickly restored.

[0046] In summary, this invention not only provides a highly efficient physical filtration method, but also introduces a chemical dissolution and self-cleaning mechanism, fundamentally changing the working mode of traditional dust filters. This gives them significant comprehensive advantages in high-dust-generating environments such as classrooms, including long maintenance cycles, low operating costs, environmental friendliness, and thorough purification. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the air particulate matter separation device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 This is a process flow diagram of the separation method of the air particulate matter separation device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Explanation of key component symbols:

[0050] 10. Fan; 20. Clean water tank; 30. Multi-stage separation tank; 310. Filter element; 320. Spraying mechanism; 330. Drying mechanism; 40. First carbon dioxide adsorption / desorption tank; 410. Adsorbent material; 420. Heating mechanism; 50. Secondary purification tank; 60. Second gas separation mechanism; 70. Water storage tank; 710. Distillation mechanism; 720. Sedimenter; 80. Dehydration tank.

[0051] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will further illustrate the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0052] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more complete description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings. However, the invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

[0053] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "fixed to" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intervening component. When a component is said to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0054] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an air particulate matter separation device, including a fan 10, a water purification chamber 20, and a multi-stage separation chamber 30 connected to the fan 10. A filter element 310 is installed in the multi-stage separation chamber 30. The fan 10 is used to blow air containing dust particles into the multi-stage separation chamber 30 so that the dust particles are filtered onto the filter element 310. It can be understood that since the main component of chalk is calcium carbonate, the dust particles are calcium carbonate particles. It should be noted that the calcium carbonate particles are micron-sized calcium carbonate particles, which can be filtered by the filter element 310.

[0056] Preferably, the air particulate matter separation device further includes a dehydration chamber 80, which is disposed between the fan 10 and the multi-stage separation chamber 30. The dehydration chamber 80 is used to remove moisture from the air. By removing moisture from the dehydration chamber 80, subsequent dust particles can be prevented from entering the multi-stage separation chamber 30 and being filtered onto the filter element 310. Excessive moisture causes the dust particles to deliquesce and clog the filter pores of the filter element 310. In this embodiment, a condenser is provided inside the dehydration chamber 80 to lower the temperature inside the dehydration chamber 80, causing the moisture in the air to condense. Furthermore, a separator is provided inside the dehydration chamber 80 to discharge the condensed moisture.

[0057] The multi-stage separation chamber 30 is connected to a first gas separation mechanism, which is connected to the purified water chamber 20. The purified water chamber 20 is used to store distilled water. The first gas separation mechanism is used to separate carbon dioxide from the air and input the carbon dioxide into the purified water chamber 20 to convert the distilled water into carbon dioxide-containing water. Specifically, the first gas separation mechanism includes a first carbon dioxide adsorption / desorption chamber 40 that is connected to both the purified water chamber 20 and the multi-stage separation chamber 30. The first carbon dioxide adsorption / desorption chamber 40 is provided with an adsorption material 410 and a heating mechanism 420. The adsorption material 410 is used for... To adsorb carbon dioxide from the air, the heating mechanism 420 is used to heat the adsorbent material 410 so that the carbon dioxide is released from the adsorbent material 410. In this embodiment, the adsorbent material 410 is an amine-functionalized material, and more specifically, the amine-functionalized material is polyethyleneimine. After the adsorption of carbon dioxide is completed, the adsorbent material 410 is heated to a preset temperature by the heating mechanism 420, and the adsorbent material 410 releases carbon dioxide and enters the water purification tank 20. Preferably, the preset temperature is 85℃~100℃, and in this embodiment, the preset temperature is 90℃.

[0058] The purified water chamber 20 is connected to the multi-stage separation chamber 30. When the flushing mode is activated, the air inlet valve of the multi-stage separation chamber 30 is closed to flush the filter element 310 with carbon dioxide-containing water. Specifically, a spray mechanism 320 is installed inside the multi-stage separation chamber 30. The spray mechanism 320 is connected to the purified water chamber 20, and the outlet of the spray mechanism 320 faces the filter element 310. After dust particles are filtered onto the filter element 310, air enters the first gas separation mechanism under the continuous action of the fan 10 and is separated to remove carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide enters the purified water chamber 20 and mixes thoroughly with distilled water to form a carbon dioxide-containing water. After the carbon dioxide-containing water enters the multi-stage separation chamber 30 from the purified water chamber 20, it comes into contact with the dust particles. Since the dust particles are calcium carbonate particles, during physical rinsing, carbon dioxide, water, and calcium carbonate react to form calcium bicarbonate dissolved in the water. Through physical rinsing combined with chemical dissolution, the dust particles deposited on the filter element 310 pass through the filter pores of the filter element 310 along with the carbon dioxide-containing water, efficiently removing the dust particles attached to the filter element 310, preventing clogging of the filter pores, and extending the service life of the filter element 310, avoiding frequent replacements. The chemical reaction formula of calcium carbonate in the carbon dioxide-containing water is as follows:

[0059] .

[0060] Preferably, a drying mechanism 330 is provided in the multi-stage separation chamber 30. The drying mechanism 330 is used to dry the filter element 310. After the filter element 310 is rinsed, it can be quickly dried by the drying mechanism 330, which is convenient for continuous use and can also avoid excessive moisture causing the dust particles to deliquesce during subsequent filtration processes.

[0061] The airborne particulate matter separation device also includes a water storage tank 70 connected to the purified water tank 20. A distillation mechanism 710 is installed within the water storage tank 70 to distill water into distilled water. The water storage tank 70 is connected to an external water source and, after the distilled water is prepared, is transported to the purified water tank 20. Preferably, a sedimentation tank 720 is detachably connected to the water storage tank 70. The sedimentation tank 720 is located at the bottom of the water storage tank 70. After distillation, the distilled solid particles settle to the bottom of the water storage tank 70 and are collected in the sedimentation tank 720. The sedimentation tank 720 is periodically disassembled and cleaned to remove the accumulated solid particles within the device. The sedimentation tank 720 has a flat structure and can employ free settling or inclined plate sedimentation, with inclined plate sedimentation being preferred. The dehydration tank 80 is connected to the water storage tank 70, meaning that the separator transfers the moisture extracted from the air to the water storage tank 70 for recycling. Furthermore, the multi-stage separation chamber 30 is connected to the water storage chamber 70. When carbon dioxide-containing water washes the filter element 310 and dissolves the dust particles on the filter element 310, wastewater is formed and discharged into the water storage chamber 70. When the wastewater enters the water storage chamber 70, which has a low concentration of carbon dioxide, calcium bicarbonate decomposes and releases carbon dioxide, forming a new calcium carbonate precipitate. The reaction formula is as follows:

[0062]

[0063] Understandably, the precipitated calcium carbonate falls to the bottom of the water storage tank 70 and is contained in the sedimentation tank 720, where it is periodically cleaned along with other solid particles.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] In order to further improve the treatment effect and intercept smaller particulate matter in the air, this embodiment adds a secondary purification chamber 50 and a second carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption chamber, as well as their related connecting pipes and valves, based on the first embodiment.

[0066] The purified water tank 20 is connected to the secondary purification tank 50 so that the carbon dioxide-containing water overflows into the secondary purification tank 50. The first carbon dioxide adsorption and removal tank 40 is connected to the secondary purification tank 50. It should be noted that the connection port between the first carbon dioxide adsorption and removal tank 40 and the secondary purification tank 50 is located below the liquid level line of the secondary purification tank 50. When carbon dioxide-free air enters the secondary purification tank 50, it comes into contact with the carbon dioxide-containing water. Through the chemical reaction of the three, residual nano-sized calcium carbonate particles in the air can be removed, while increasing the moisture content in the air, thus achieving comprehensive removal of dust particles in the air. Preferably, the gas from the first carbon dioxide adsorption and removal tank 40 enters the secondary purification tank 50 through an aeration device. The aeration head of the aeration device is laid at the bottom of the secondary purification tank 50 to ensure sufficient contact of the three. Furthermore, the secondary purification tank 50 is connected to the water storage tank 70 so that the carbon dioxide-containing water that has been treated with nano-sized calcium carbonate particles can be discharged into the water storage tank 70 to complete the subsequent particulate matter cleaning.

[0067] The secondary purification chamber 50 is connected to the second gas separation mechanism 60, which is connected to the purified water chamber 20 and is also connected to the external environment. The second gas separation mechanism 60 includes a second carbon dioxide adsorption chamber, the configuration of which is the same as that of the first carbon dioxide adsorption chamber 40, and will not be described in detail here. By setting the second gas separation mechanism 60, carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide-containing air discharged from the secondary purification chamber 50 can be adsorbed and removed again, and the purified air can be discharged to the external environment. At the same time, the adsorbed carbon dioxide is transferred to the purified water chamber 20.

[0068] In addition, such as Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment also provides a separation method using an air particulate matter separation device:

[0069] Step S1, Gas Input and Dehydration: Start the fan 10 to allow the air to be treated to enter the dehydration chamber 80 under the drive of the fan 10, and remove the moisture from the air.

[0070] Step S2, Dust Filtration: The dehydrated air enters the multi-stage separation chamber 30, where calcium carbonate particles are trapped on the filter element 310 inside the multi-stage separation chamber 30.

[0071] Step S3, Carbon Dioxide Separation: After dust filtration, the air enters the first carbon dioxide adsorption chamber 40, where the adsorption material 410 adsorbs the carbon dioxide in the air, and the heating mechanism 420 desorbs it to obtain high-concentration carbon dioxide gas.

[0072] Step S4: Preparation of reaction solution: The high-concentration carbon dioxide gas obtained in step S3 is introduced into the water purification chamber 20 to mix with the distilled water in the chamber, forming a water body rich in carbon dioxide.

[0073] Step S5, Filter Cartridge Cleaning: Water rich in carbon dioxide from the purified water tank 20 is introduced into the multi-stage separation tank 30 to rinse the filter cartridge 310; the carbon dioxide in the water reacts chemically with the calcium carbonate particles trapped on the filter cartridge 310 to generate water-soluble calcium bicarbonate, thereby dissolving and removing the particles.

[0074] Step S6, Secondary Purification: The carbon dioxide-containing water in the water purification chamber 20 is introduced into the secondary purification chamber 50, and the air after step S3 is introduced into the secondary purification chamber 50 below the liquid surface, so that the air and the carbon dioxide-containing water can fully contact each other to remove the residual nano-sized calcium carbonate particles in the air and increase the air humidity.

[0075] Step S7, Gas Separation and Discharge: The gas processed in step S6 is introduced into the second gas separation unit 60 to separate the carbon dioxide and send it back to the water purification chamber 20, while the purified and humidified air is discharged.

[0076] Step S8, Filter element drying: After completing the filter element cleaning in step S5, start the drying mechanism 330 in the multi-stage separation chamber 30 to dry the filter element 310.

[0077] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0078] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An airborne particulate matter separation device, characterized in that, It includes a fan (10), a clean water tank (20), and a multi-stage separation tank (30) connected to the fan (10); The multi-stage separation chamber (30) is equipped with a filter element (310), and the fan (10) is used to blow air carrying dust particles into the multi-stage separation chamber (30) so that the dust particles are filtered onto the filter element (310). The dust particles are calcium carbonate particles. The multi-stage separation chamber (30) is connected to the first gas separation mechanism, which is connected to the purified water chamber (20). The purified water chamber (20) is used to store distilled water. The first gas separation mechanism is used to separate carbon dioxide from the air and input carbon dioxide into the purified water chamber (20) to convert distilled water into carbon dioxide-containing water. The water purification chamber (20) is connected to the multi-stage separation chamber (30) to rinse the filter element (310) with carbon dioxide-containing water. The multi-stage separation chamber (30) is equipped with a spray mechanism (320), which is connected to the water purification chamber (20). The outlet of the spray mechanism (320) is set towards the filter element (310). The filter element (310) is rinsed with water supplied through the water purification chamber (20). During the physical rinsing, water, carbon dioxide and the core particulate matter component calcium carbonate react to generate calcium bicarbonate dissolved in the water, thereby achieving the purpose of cleaning the filter element (310). The first gas separation mechanism includes a first carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption chamber (40) that is connected to the water purification chamber (20) and the multi-stage separation chamber (30). The first carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption chamber (40) is provided with an adsorption material (410) and a heating mechanism (420). The adsorption material (410) is used to adsorb carbon dioxide in the air, and the heating mechanism (420) is used to heat the adsorption material (410) so that the carbon dioxide is removed from the adsorption material (410). Combined with a one-way valve, the high concentration of carbon dioxide is transported to the water purification chamber (20) to form a water body rich in carbon dioxide. It also includes a secondary purification chamber (50) and a second gas separation mechanism (60); The front end of the secondary purification chamber (50) is connected to the water purification chamber (20) through a pipe and a one-way valve so that the carbon dioxide-containing water in the water purification chamber (20) can enter the secondary purification chamber (50). The outlet of the first carbon dioxide adsorption chamber (40) is connected to the inlet of the secondary purification chamber (50) to allow the air treated by the first carbon dioxide adsorption chamber (40) to be introduced into the secondary purification chamber (50). The air inlet of the secondary purification chamber (50) is located below its internal liquid level line, and an aeration device is provided at the air inlet to make the incoming air fully contact the carbon dioxide-containing water in the chamber, so as to remove the residual nano-sized particles in the air and increase the air humidity through chemical reaction. The outlet of the secondary purification chamber (50) is connected to the inlet of the second gas separation mechanism (60). The second gas separation mechanism (60) is connected to the water purification chamber (20) and the external environment respectively, and is used to transport the carbon dioxide in the secondary purification chamber (50) back to the water purification chamber (20), while discharging the purified and humidified air to the external environment. The air particulate matter separation device also includes a dehydration chamber (80), which is located between the fan (10) and the multi-stage separation chamber (30) and is used to remove moisture from the air; A drying mechanism (330) is provided inside the multi-stage separation chamber (30), and the drying mechanism (330) is used to dry the filter element (310).

2. The air particulate matter separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air particulate matter separation device also includes a water storage tank (70), one end of which is connected to a dehydration tank (80) for storing water in the dehydration tank (80). A distillation mechanism (710) is installed inside the water storage tank (70) for distilling water into distilled water. The water storage tank (70) and the purified water tank (20) are connected by a pipe, and the distilled water is collected in the purified water tank (20).

3. The air particulate matter separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The air duct between the dehydration chamber (80) and the multi-stage separation chamber (30) is arranged around the connecting duct between the water storage chamber (70) and the purified water chamber (20), so that the air flowing through it can cool the duct at the outlet end of the distillation mechanism (710) during the operation of the distillation mechanism (710).

4. The air particulate matter separation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The secondary purification chamber (50) is connected to the water storage chamber (70); A sedimentation tank (720) is detachably arranged inside the water storage tank (70) for collecting and removing solid particles accumulated in the device; The secondary purification chamber (50) and the sedimentation tank (720) are connected by a pipeline with a one-way valve, which is used to periodically transport the high calcium bicarbonate water generated in the secondary purification chamber (50) to the sedimentation tank (720). The water purification chamber (20) is connected to the secondary purification chamber (50) and is used to replenish the secondary purification chamber (50) with new water and carbon dioxide after the high calcium bicarbonate water is discharged, so as to refresh the reaction medium. The multi-stage separation chamber (30) is connected to the water storage chamber (70), and the wastewater carrying particulate matter after rinsing the filter element (310) flows back into the water storage chamber (70).

5. A separation method based on the air particulate matter separation device according to claim 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1, Gas Input and Dehydration: Start the fan (10) to allow the air to be treated to enter the dehydration chamber (80) under the drive of the fan (10) to remove the moisture from the air; Step S2, Dust Filtration: The dehydrated air enters the multi-stage separation chamber (30), where the calcium carbonate particles are trapped on the filter element (310) inside the multi-stage separation chamber (30); Step S3, carbon dioxide separation: After dust filtration, the air enters the first carbon dioxide adsorption chamber (40), where the adsorption material (410) adsorbs the carbon dioxide in the air and desorbs it through the heating mechanism (420) to obtain high-concentration carbon dioxide gas. Step S4: Preparation of reaction solution: The high-concentration carbon dioxide gas obtained in step S3 is introduced into the water purification chamber (20) to mix with the distilled water in the chamber and form a water body rich in carbon dioxide. Step S5, filter element cleaning: Water rich in carbon dioxide in the water purification chamber (20) is passed into the multi-stage separation chamber (30) to rinse the filter element (310); the carbon dioxide in the water reacts chemically with the calcium carbonate particles trapped on the filter element (310) to generate water-soluble calcium bicarbonate, thereby dissolving and removing the particles. Step S6, Secondary Purification: The carbon dioxide-containing water in the water purification tank (20) is introduced into the secondary purification tank (50), and the air after completing step S3 is introduced into the secondary purification tank (50) below the liquid surface, so that the air and the carbon dioxide-containing water can be in full contact to remove the residual nano-sized calcium carbonate particles in the air and increase the air humidity. Step S7, Gas Separation and Discharge: The gas processed in step S6 is introduced into the second gas separation unit (60) to separate the carbon dioxide and send it back to the water purification chamber (20), while the purified and humidified air is discharged. Step S8, Filter element drying: After completing the filter element cleaning in step S5, start the drying mechanism (330) in the multi-stage separation chamber (30) to dry the filter element (310).

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