A photovoltaic panel remote monitoring management method and system

Abstract

The application relates to the photovoltaic technology field and provides a photovoltaic panel remote monitoring management method and system.The method comprises the following steps: acquiring operation parameters of a photovoltaic array, determining a current maximum output power of a photovoltaic panel according to an environmental temperature value, solar irradiance and a photovoltaic panel temperature value; determining a current maximum output power of an inverter according to an inverter temperature value; determining the minimum value in the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel and the current maximum output power of the inverter as the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic array; and sending the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic array to a central control device, so that the central control device schedules the photovoltaic array based on the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic array. The efficiency of the photovoltaic panel remote monitoring management can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a method and system for remote monitoring and management of photovoltaic panels. Background Technology

[0002] The operation and management of large-scale distributed photovoltaic power plants face many challenges, such as the wide distribution of equipment, slow operation and maintenance response speed, and difficulty in load scheduling.

[0003] Traditional centralized monitoring systems often struggle to meet the demands for real-time, precise control under complex terrain and variable climate conditions. Particularly in power generation efficiency assessment, existing technologies frequently employ simplified compensation strategies based on regional average temperatures when addressing the impact of photovoltaic panel temperature on power generation efficiency. This results in insufficient dynamic optimization of the actual power generation capacity between photovoltaic arrays, leading to fluctuations in energy utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method and system for remote monitoring and management of photovoltaic panels, which can improve the efficiency of remote monitoring and management of photovoltaic panels.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, this application discloses a method for remote monitoring and management of photovoltaic (PV) panels, comprising the following steps: obtaining operating parameters of the PV array, including the solar irradiance of the environment where the PV array is located, the ambient temperature of the environment where the PV array is located, the PV panel temperature of the PV panels in the PV array, and the inverter temperature of the inverter in the PV array; determining the current maximum output power of the PV panels based on the ambient temperature, solar irradiance, and PV panel temperature; determining the current maximum output power of the inverter based on the inverter temperature; determining the minimum value between the current maximum output power of the PV panels and the current maximum output power of the inverter as the current maximum output power of the PV array; and sending the current maximum output power of the array to a central control device so that the central control device can schedule the PV array based on the current maximum output power of the array.

[0007] This technical solution comprehensively considers the actual operating status of photovoltaic panels and inverters, dynamically assesses the true maximum output power of photovoltaic arrays, thereby achieving more precise scheduling. It avoids the deviation in power generation efficiency assessment caused by the simplification of traditional methods, effectively solves the problem of insufficient dynamic optimization of the actual power generation capacity between photovoltaic arrays in existing technologies, and reduces the risk of accelerated equipment aging.

[0008] Furthermore, determining the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel based on ambient temperature, solar irradiance, and photovoltaic panel temperature includes: determining whether the photovoltaic panel is in an abnormally high temperature state based on ambient temperature, solar irradiance, and photovoltaic panel temperature; when the photovoltaic panel is in an abnormally high temperature state, determining the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel based on solar irradiance and photovoltaic panel temperature; and when the photovoltaic panel is not in an abnormally high temperature state, determining the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel as the rated maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel.

[0009] This technical solution can distinguish between normal operation and abnormal temperature rise based on the actual temperature state of the photovoltaic panel, and calculate the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel accordingly. This avoids overestimating the power generation capacity when the photovoltaic panel temperature rises abnormally, thereby improving the accuracy of power assessment.

[0010] More specifically, determining whether a photovoltaic panel is in an abnormally high temperature state based on ambient temperature, solar irradiance, and photovoltaic panel temperature includes: using the sum of the ambient temperature and a first value as the theoretical temperature value of the photovoltaic panel; the first value is the product of solar irradiance and the temperature rise coefficient of the photovoltaic panel; if the photovoltaic panel temperature is greater than the theoretical temperature value, the photovoltaic panel is determined to be in an abnormally high temperature state; otherwise, the photovoltaic panel is determined not to be in an abnormally high temperature state.

[0011] This technical solution enables the establishment of a theoretical temperature model based on ambient temperature, solar irradiance, and temperature rise coefficient. By comparing this model with the actual temperature of the photovoltaic panel, it can accurately determine whether there is abnormal temperature rise in the photovoltaic panel, thus providing a reliable basis for subsequent power correction.

[0012] In some preferred embodiments, when the photovoltaic panel is in a state of abnormally high temperature, the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel is determined based on the solar irradiance and the photovoltaic panel temperature value, including: determining the current power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel based on the photovoltaic panel temperature value; and taking the product of the current power generation efficiency and a second value as the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel; wherein the second value is the product of the solar irradiance and the power generation area of ​​the photovoltaic panel.

[0013] This technical solution can quantify the impact of photovoltaic panel temperature on power generation efficiency. When the photovoltaic panel experiences abnormal temperature rise, its true maximum output power can be calculated by correcting the power generation efficiency, making the power assessment more closely reflect the actual situation.

[0014] Based on this, the current power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel is determined according to the temperature value of the photovoltaic panel, including: obtaining the rated power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel at the set temperature value; multiplying the third value by the temperature decay coefficient of the photovoltaic panel as the power generation efficiency decay of the photovoltaic panel; the third value is the difference between the temperature value of the photovoltaic panel and the set temperature value; and using the difference between the rated power generation efficiency and the power generation efficiency decay as the current power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel.

[0015] This technical solution enables the precise calculation of the power generation efficiency reduction caused by temperature rise, based on the temperature degradation characteristics of photovoltaic panels. This allows for a more accurate determination of the current power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels, further improving the precision of power assessment.

[0016] Furthermore, determining the current maximum output power of the inverter based on the inverter temperature value includes: obtaining the rated output power of the inverter; determining the reduced power of the inverter based on the inverter temperature value; and determining the current maximum output power of the inverter based on the rated output power and the reduced power.

[0017] This technical solution takes into account the impact of inverter temperature on output power, and corrects the inverter's maximum output power by calculating the power reduction, thus avoiding power overload and equipment damage caused by inverter overheating.

[0018] Based on the above, the power reduction of the inverter is determined according to the inverter temperature value, including: obtaining the inverter temperature derating factor and the inverter power reduction threshold temperature value; determining whether the inverter temperature value is greater than the power reduction threshold temperature value; if so, the product of the fourth value and the temperature derating factor is taken as the power reduction of the inverter; the fourth value is the difference between the inverter temperature value and the power reduction threshold temperature value; if not, the power reduction of the inverter is determined to be 0.

[0019] This technical solution can accurately calculate the power reduction required when the inverter temperature exceeds a threshold, based on the inverter's temperature derating characteristics, thereby effectively protecting the inverter and extending its service life.

[0020] Preferably, determining the current maximum output power of the inverter based on the rated output power and the reduced power includes: obtaining the operating time of the inverter's cooling fan; determining the difference between the rated output power and the reduced power as the initial current maximum output power of the inverter; and determining the current maximum output power of the inverter based on the operating time and the initial current maximum output power of the inverter.

[0021] This technical solution allows for further consideration of the impact of the cooling fan's operating time on the inverter's heat dissipation capacity, correcting the initial maximum output power and making the inverter's power assessment more comprehensive and accurate.

[0022] Furthermore, based on the operating time and the initial maximum output power of the inverter, the current maximum output power of the inverter is determined, including: obtaining a preset correspondence; the preset correspondence includes a one-to-one correspondence between multiple operating time ranges and multiple time adjustment coefficients; using the time adjustment coefficient corresponding to the operating time range in which the cooling fan operates in the preset correspondence is located as the target time adjustment coefficient; and using the product of the initial maximum output power of the inverter and the target time adjustment coefficient as the current maximum output power of the inverter.

[0023] This technical solution allows for fine-tuning of the inverter power based on the actual operating time of the cooling fan using a preset adjustment coefficient. This more accurately reflects the inverter's actual maximum output capacity and further optimizes system scheduling.

[0024] Secondly, this application also discloses a photovoltaic panel remote monitoring and management system, including an acquisition device and a processing device. The acquisition device is used to acquire the operating parameters of the photovoltaic array, including the solar irradiance of the environment where the photovoltaic array is located, the ambient temperature of the environment where the photovoltaic array is located, the photovoltaic panel temperature of the photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic array, and the inverter temperature of the inverter in the photovoltaic array. The processing device is used to determine the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panels based on the ambient temperature, solar irradiance, and photovoltaic panel temperature. The processing device is used to determine the current maximum output power of the inverter based on the inverter temperature. The processing device is used to determine the minimum value between the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panels and the current maximum output power of the inverter as the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic array. The processing device is used to send the current maximum output power of the array to a central control device so that the central control device can schedule the photovoltaic array based on the current maximum output power of the array.

[0025] Beneficial Effects: The photovoltaic panel remote monitoring and management method disclosed in this application acquires the operating parameters of the photovoltaic array, including solar irradiance, ambient temperature, photovoltaic panel temperature, and inverter temperature. Based on these real-time parameters, it dynamically determines the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel and inverter, and then uses the minimum of these two values ​​as the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic array, sending it to the central control device for scheduling. This method overcomes the limitation of existing power generation efficiency assessment mechanisms that rely solely on regional average temperature, effectively solving the problem of power generation efficiency assessment deviation caused by abnormally high photovoltaic panel temperatures due to local environmental factors (such as dust accumulation). By accurately calculating the true maximum output capacity of the photovoltaic panel and inverter, this application avoids the central management system's systematic overestimation of the power generation potential of dust-accumulated and high-temperature subarrays, thereby avoiding issuing mismatched power generation commands. This not only prevents key components such as inverter power modules and cooling fans from accelerating performance degradation and mechanical wear due to long-term exposure to excessively high electrothermal loads, but also effectively identifies and warns of systemic losses and hidden accelerated aging of equipment caused by defects in power generation efficiency assessment, thereby significantly improving the energy utilization rate, equipment operation reliability and overall operation and maintenance efficiency of photovoltaic power plants. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for remote monitoring and management of photovoltaic panels provided in this application;

[0027] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating another method for remote monitoring and management of photovoltaic panels provided in this application;

[0028] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating another method for remote monitoring and management of photovoltaic panels provided in this application;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic panel remote monitoring and management system provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of this application will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, in the description of this application, terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0032] The operation and management of large-scale distributed photovoltaic power plants face many challenges, such as the wide distribution of equipment, slow operation and maintenance response speed, and difficulty in load scheduling.

[0033] Traditional centralized monitoring systems often struggle to meet the demands for real-time, precise control under complex terrain and variable climate conditions. Particularly in power generation efficiency assessment, existing technologies frequently employ simplified compensation strategies based on regional average temperatures when addressing the impact of photovoltaic panel temperature on power generation efficiency. This results in insufficient dynamic optimization of the actual power generation capacity between photovoltaic arrays, leading to fluctuations in energy utilization.

[0034] In this regard, such as Figure 1 As shown, this application proposes a method for remote monitoring and management of photovoltaic panels, including:

[0035] S101. Obtain the operating parameters of the photovoltaic array.

[0036] The operating parameters include the solar irradiance of the environment in which the photovoltaic array is located, the ambient temperature of the environment in which the photovoltaic array is located, the photovoltaic panel temperature of the photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic array, and the inverter temperature of the inverter in the photovoltaic array.

[0037] S102. Determine the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel based on the ambient temperature, solar irradiance, and photovoltaic panel temperature.

[0038] S103. Determine the current maximum output power of the inverter based on the inverter temperature value.

[0039] S104. The minimum value between the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel and the current maximum output power of the inverter is determined as the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic array.

[0040] S105. Send the current maximum output power of the array to the central control device so that the central control device can schedule the photovoltaic array based on the current maximum output power of the array.

[0041] This application dynamically assesses the actual maximum output power of the photovoltaic array by comprehensively considering the real-time operating parameters of the photovoltaic panels and inverters, thereby achieving more precise scheduling. It effectively avoids equipment overload and efficiency loss caused by assessment bias in traditional methods, and significantly improves the overall operating efficiency and equipment reliability of photovoltaic power plants.

[0042] To better understand the technical solutions proposed in this application, some key terms are explained first. A photovoltaic array refers to a power generation unit composed of multiple photovoltaic panels connected in series and parallel, linked to an inverter. Operating parameters are a series of real-time data describing the operating status of the photovoltaic array, including solar irradiance (solar radiation power received per unit area), ambient temperature, photovoltaic panel temperature, and inverter temperature. The current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel refers to the maximum electrical power that the photovoltaic panel can output under current environmental conditions. The current maximum output power of the inverter refers to the maximum electrical power that the inverter can safely and stably output under the current operating temperature. The current maximum output power of the array refers to the actual maximum output power of the entire photovoltaic array under current conditions, determined jointly by the photovoltaic panels and the inverter. The central control device is the core of the system responsible for monitoring, scheduling, and managing the entire photovoltaic power station.

[0043] The core of the photovoltaic panel remote monitoring and management method proposed in this application lies in the refined acquisition and analysis of the operating parameters of the photovoltaic array, and the dynamic adjustment of the scheduling strategy based on this.

[0044] Specifically, there are several ways to acquire the operating parameters of a photovoltaic (PV) array. For example, solar irradiance sensors and ambient temperature sensors can be deployed in the environment where the PV array is located to collect real-time solar irradiance data and ambient temperature values. Simultaneously, temperature sensors can be installed on the back of each PV panel to obtain its real-time temperature. Furthermore, temperature sensors can be installed inside or on the surface of the inverter to obtain its temperature. These sensors can be wired to the data acquisition unit or wirelessly transmitted to a centralized data server. Another approach is to use a drone equipped with a thermal imaging camera to periodically inspect the PV array, acquire temperature distribution data of the PV panels, and extract the panel temperature values ​​using image processing technology. Solar irradiance can also be estimated using weather station data or satellite remote sensing data.

[0045] To determine the maximum output power of a photovoltaic (PV) panel based on ambient temperature, solar irradiance, and PV panel temperature, a power calculation formula based on an empirical or physical model can be established first. For example, a preset maximum rated output power for the PV panel under standard test conditions can be used. Then, based on real-time ambient temperature, solar irradiance, and PV panel temperature, a series of correction coefficients can be applied to calculate the actual maximum output power. These correction coefficients can be fitted based on extensive experimental data or derived using semiconductor physical models. For instance, as the PV panel temperature increases, its open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current change, thus affecting the maximum output power. Solar irradiance directly determines the energy received by the PV panel and is a key factor influencing output power. Ambient temperature indirectly affects the PV panel's heat dissipation conditions and operating temperature.

[0046] To determine the inverter's maximum output power based on its temperature, the inverter's rated output power can be preset. When the inverter temperature rises, it typically derating to protect internal electronic components, reducing its maximum output power. Therefore, a curve or formula can be established to correlate inverter temperature with derating power. For example, when the inverter temperature is below a certain threshold, it can operate at full power; when the temperature exceeds this threshold, its maximum output power decreases by a certain percentage or a fixed value for every degree Celsius increase. Inverters usually integrate temperature sensors to monitor their operating temperature in real time and feed this temperature value back to the control unit.

[0047] Determining the maximum output power of a photovoltaic array by the minimum of the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panels and the current maximum output power of the inverter is based on the principle of the "weakest link" principle. The overall output capacity of a photovoltaic array is limited by its weakest link. If the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic panels is stronger than the processing capacity of the inverter, then the inverter becomes the bottleneck; conversely, if the processing capacity of the inverter is stronger than the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic panels, then the photovoltaic panels become the bottleneck. Therefore, taking the minimum of the two accurately reflects the actual maximum output power of the photovoltaic array, avoiding overestimation or underestimation of the array's power generation capacity.

[0048] In transmitting the array's current maximum output power to the central control unit, enabling the central control unit to schedule the photovoltaic arrays based on this power, the central control unit receives this real-time updated maximum output power and uses it as a crucial scheduling basis. For example, when the grid needs to increase power supply, the central control unit will rationally allocate power generation tasks according to the current maximum output power of each photovoltaic array, ensuring that each array operates within its safe and efficient range and avoiding equipment overload or damage due to excessive scheduling. Simultaneously, when the current maximum output power of an array is significantly lower than expected, the central control unit can issue an early warning, prompting maintenance personnel to conduct inspections, such as checking for issues like dust accumulation or malfunctions.

[0049] Specifically, the central control unit can accurately issue power generation commands based on the array's current maximum output power. If the grid needs power from the photovoltaic arrays, the central control unit will issue corresponding power generation commands to each photovoltaic array based on its current maximum output power. Since these commands are based on the array's actual maximum output capacity, it ensures that the photovoltaic arrays operate within a safe and efficient range, avoiding issuing commands beyond the capacity of arrays with limited actual power generation capabilities.

[0050] The central control unit can also optimize power allocation based on the array's current maximum output power. A large-scale distributed photovoltaic power plant typically contains multiple photovoltaic arrays. The central control unit can utilize the current maximum output power data of each array to perform global power optimization allocation. For example, when the total demand is lower than the total maximum output power of all arrays, the central control unit can prioritize scheduling arrays with higher current power generation efficiency and better operating conditions. When the total demand is close to or exceeds the total maximum output power, the central control unit can accurately understand the contribution limit of each array, thereby making the most reasonable power allocation decision and avoiding blind scheduling that could lead to overload or inefficiency in some arrays.

[0051] The central control unit can also prevent equipment overload and accelerated aging based on the array's current maximum output power. Traditional scheduling methods may overestimate the array's power generation potential and issue excessively high commands, causing critical equipment such as inverters to be subjected to electrothermal stress exceeding their design load for extended periods, accelerating performance degradation and lifespan loss. The scheduling mechanism in this application, by providing accurate information on the array's current maximum output power, enables the central control unit to avoid issuing mismatched or excessively high power generation commands. This effectively reduces the operating load on components such as inverter power modules and cooling fans, thereby extending equipment lifespan and reducing maintenance costs. The photovoltaic panel remote monitoring and management method proposed in this application, through refined acquisition and analysis of photovoltaic array operating parameters and dynamic adjustment of scheduling strategies based on this, effectively solves the problems of inaccurate scheduling and accelerated equipment aging caused by deficiencies in the power generation efficiency assessment mechanism in existing technologies.

[0052] Specifically, this application first obtains the solar irradiance, ambient temperature, photovoltaic panel temperature, and inverter temperature of the environment where the photovoltaic array is located. Real-time acquisition of these parameters lays the foundation for subsequent accurate calculations. Next, based on the ambient temperature, solar irradiance, and photovoltaic panel temperature, the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel is dynamically determined. This step overcomes the limitation of traditional methods that rely solely on the regional average temperature, and can more accurately reflect the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic panel under actual operating conditions. Especially in cases where localized dust accumulation or abnormal heat dissipation causes abnormal temperature increases in the photovoltaic panel, it can promptly correct the assessment of its power generation potential. Simultaneously, determining the current maximum output power of the inverter based on its temperature considers the derating characteristics of the inverter at different temperatures, avoiding performance degradation or damage caused by inverter overheating.

[0053] Subsequently, the minimum of the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panels and the current maximum output power of the inverter is determined as the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic array. This crucial step ensures that the assessment of the entire photovoltaic array's power generation capacity is based on the actual limitations of its weakest link, thereby avoiding a systematic overestimation of the array's power generation potential. Finally, this current maximum output power is sent to the central control unit, enabling it to precisely schedule the photovoltaic array based on this information.

[0054] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this application are as follows: Existing technologies often employ simplified compensation strategies based on regional average temperatures when assessing power generation efficiency. This leads to insufficient dynamic optimization of the actual power generation capacity between photovoltaic arrays. Particularly when localized dust accumulation causes abnormal temperature increases in photovoltaic panels, the system overestimates their power generation potential and issues mismatched power generation commands, thereby accelerating the wear and tear on key components such as inverters. This application, by acquiring and comprehensively analyzing photovoltaic panel and inverter temperature values ​​in real time, dynamically calculates the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panels and inverters, and takes the minimum of the two as the actual maximum output power of the array. This refined assessment mechanism can accurately identify and quantify the decline in power generation capacity caused by factors such as dust accumulation, poor heat dissipation, or inverter overheating, thus providing a more realistic and reliable scheduling basis for the central control device. Consequently, the central control device can avoid issuing power generation commands exceeding the actual capacity of dust-accumulated or overheated subarrays, effectively reducing the electrothermal load on key components such as inverter power modules and cooling fans, significantly extending the service life of the equipment, and improving the overall operating efficiency and reliability of the photovoltaic power station. This application not only solves the problem of inaccurate power generation efficiency assessment in the prior art, but also fundamentally avoids the resulting hidden accelerated aging of equipment, which has significant technological progress and practical value.

[0055] like Figure 2 As shown, this application further proposes a step for determining the current maximum output power of a photovoltaic panel based on ambient temperature, solar irradiance, and photovoltaic panel temperature, including:

[0056] S201. Determine whether the photovoltaic panel is in an abnormally high temperature state based on the ambient temperature value, solar irradiance, and photovoltaic panel temperature value.

[0057] S202. When the photovoltaic panel is in a state of abnormal temperature rise, determine the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel based on the solar irradiance and the photovoltaic panel temperature value.

[0058] S203. When the photovoltaic panel is not in a state of abnormal temperature rise, determine the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel as the rated maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel.

[0059] Specifically, determining whether a photovoltaic (PV) panel is in an abnormally high temperature state involves comparing the panel's actual temperature with the theoretical temperature calculated based on environmental conditions to identify whether overheating is occurring. When the actual temperature of the PV panel is significantly higher than its expected theoretical temperature under current environmental conditions, it can be considered to be in an abnormally high temperature state. When a PV panel is in an abnormally high temperature state, its power generation efficiency will be negatively affected. Therefore, the maximum output power of the PV panel in this state needs to be corrected and calculated based on the actual solar irradiance and the panel temperature to reflect its true output capacity under abnormal conditions.

[0060] In practical applications, when a photovoltaic panel is not experiencing an abnormally high temperature, it indicates that it is operating well and its power generation efficiency is at a normal level. At this time, the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel can be determined as its rated maximum output power, that is, the maximum output power nominally stated under standard test conditions. The rated maximum output power is usually the upper limit of the photovoltaic panel's design output under ideal or normal operating conditions.

[0061] This application's solution, by introducing the detection of abnormal temperature increases in photovoltaic (PV) panels, enables a more refined assessment of the actual power generation capacity of PV panels. When PV panels are operating normally, their performance is typically stable, and the rated maximum output power accurately represents their power generation potential. However, once an abnormal temperature increase is detected, it usually indicates a change in the internal operating state of the PV panel, causing a decrease in its power generation efficiency due to the high temperature. In this case, using the rated power or calculations based on a normal temperature model would lead to an overestimation of the actual output capacity of the PV panel. By dynamically calculating based on real-time solar irradiance and PV panel temperature under abnormal conditions, this deviation can be effectively corrected, ensuring that the determined current maximum output power of the PV panel is closer to reality, thereby providing a more accurate scheduling basis for the central control device.

[0062] Through the above technical solution, this application can dynamically adjust the method for determining the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel based on its actual operating conditions, especially its temperature. This avoids scheduling errors caused by inaccurate power estimation when the photovoltaic panel experiences abnormal temperature increases, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of photovoltaic array power prediction. Consequently, the central control device can perform scheduling based on a more accurate current maximum output power of the array, optimizing the operating efficiency of the photovoltaic array, extending equipment lifespan, and improving the economic benefits and safety of the entire photovoltaic system.

[0063] In some preferred embodiments, a specific example is given below. Assume that the photovoltaic panels in a photovoltaic array have a rated maximum output power of 300W under normal operating conditions. At a certain moment, the ambient temperature, solar irradiance, and photovoltaic panel temperature are acquired. First, based on these parameters, it is determined whether the photovoltaic panel is in a state of abnormal temperature rise. For example, the theoretical temperature is calculated and compared with the actual photovoltaic panel temperature. If the determination result is that the photovoltaic panel is not in a state of abnormal temperature rise, then the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel is directly determined to be 300W. If the determination result is that the photovoltaic panel is in a state of abnormal temperature rise, for example, the photovoltaic panel temperature is much higher than the theoretical temperature, then the rated maximum output power is no longer simply used. Instead, the current power generation efficiency is recalculated based on the current solar irradiance (e.g., 1000W / m²) and the actual photovoltaic panel temperature (e.g., 70°C), thereby determining the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel. For example, at 70°C, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel may decrease, causing its current maximum output power to be calculated as 280W. In this way, this application can flexibly and accurately determine the maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel based on its actual health condition and operating environment, thereby avoiding power estimation deviations caused by abnormal temperatures.

[0064] like Figure 3 As shown, this application further proposes a more accurate judgment method, which introduces theoretical temperature values ​​to more accurately identify the abnormal temperature rise state of photovoltaic panels.

[0065] Specifically, the above-mentioned method of determining whether a photovoltaic panel is in an abnormally high temperature state based on ambient temperature, solar irradiance, and photovoltaic panel temperature includes:

[0066] S301. The sum of the ambient temperature value and the first value is taken as the theoretical temperature value of the photovoltaic panel.

[0067] The first value is the product of solar irradiance and the temperature rise coefficient of the photovoltaic panel.

[0068] S302. If the temperature of the photovoltaic panel is greater than the theoretical temperature, the photovoltaic panel is determined to be in an abnormally high temperature state; otherwise, the photovoltaic panel is determined not to be in an abnormally high temperature state.

[0069] The theoretical temperature value refers to the expected temperature that a photovoltaic (PV) panel should reach under normal operating conditions under specific environmental conditions. This theoretical temperature value is obtained by adding the ambient temperature of the environment in which the PV array is located to a first value. The first value is used to quantify the impact of solar irradiance on the temperature rise of the PV panel, and it is specifically calculated by multiplying the solar irradiance by the temperature rise coefficient of the PV panel. The temperature rise coefficient is a physical parameter inherent to the PV panel material and structure, characterizing the degree of temperature rise of the PV panel relative to the ambient temperature under a unit of solar irradiance.

[0070] The temperature rise coefficient of photovoltaic panel materials can be measured in a laboratory environment and then stored in a storage device for use in S301.

[0071] In practical applications, by comparing the actual measured temperature value of the photovoltaic panel with the calculated theoretical temperature value, it is possible to accurately determine whether the photovoltaic panel is in a state of abnormal temperature rise. When the photovoltaic panel temperature value exceeds its theoretical temperature value, it indicates that the photovoltaic panel may have poor heat dissipation, local hot spots, or other abnormalities, and is thus identified as being in a state of abnormal temperature rise; conversely, if the photovoltaic panel temperature value is not greater than the theoretical temperature value, it is considered to be in normal working condition and not in a state of abnormal temperature rise.

[0072] This application's solution introduces a theoretical temperature value to dynamically assess the normal operating temperature range of photovoltaic (PV) panels. Traditional methods may rely solely on fixed temperature thresholds, neglecting the significant impact of ambient temperature and solar irradiance on PV panel temperature. By adding the ambient temperature value to a first value determined by solar irradiance and the temperature rise coefficient, a theoretical temperature value that more closely reflects actual operating conditions can be obtained. This theoretical temperature value serves as a benchmark for determining whether the PV panel is experiencing abnormal temperature increases, making the judgment process more scientific and accurate. When the actual PV panel temperature exceeds this dynamic benchmark, potential abnormal heating can be effectively identified, thus avoiding misjudgments caused by environmental factors and improving the accuracy of abnormal temperature state identification.

[0073] The above technical solution enables a more accurate determination of whether a photovoltaic (PV) panel is experiencing an abnormal temperature rise. Compared to methods relying solely on fixed thresholds or simple empirical judgments, this solution considers the combined effects of ambient temperature and solar irradiance on PV panel temperature, allowing the theoretical temperature value to more accurately reflect the expected temperature of the PV panel under normal operating conditions. This effectively avoids misjudgments caused by environmental changes, improves the accuracy of identifying abnormal PV panel temperature states, and provides a reliable basis for the accurate calculation of the current maximum output power of the PV panel, thus contributing to improved overall operating efficiency and safety of the PV array.

[0074] In some preferred embodiments, a specific example is given below. Assume that the ambient temperature of a photovoltaic array is measured to be 25°C, the solar irradiance is 800 W / m², and the temperature rise coefficient of the photovoltaic panel is known to be 0.03°C / (W / m²).

[0075] First, calculate the first value: First value = solar irradiance × temperature rise coefficient = 800W / m² × 0.03℃ / (W / m²) = 24℃.

[0076] Next, calculate the theoretical temperature value of the photovoltaic panel: theoretical temperature value = ambient temperature value + first value = 25℃ + 24℃ = 49℃.

[0077] If the actual measured temperature of the photovoltaic panel is 55℃, since 55℃ is greater than 49℃, it is determined that the photovoltaic panel is in a state of abnormal temperature rise.

[0078] Conversely, if the actual measured temperature of the photovoltaic panel is 45℃, since 45℃ is not greater than 49℃, it is determined that the photovoltaic panel is not in an abnormally high temperature state.

[0079] In this way, the system can dynamically adjust the judgment benchmark according to real-time environmental conditions, thereby more accurately identifying abnormal heating of photovoltaic panels.

[0080] This application further proposes a method for determining the current maximum output power of a photovoltaic panel based on solar irradiance and panel temperature when the panel is experiencing an abnormally high temperature, including:

[0081] The current power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel is determined based on the temperature value of the photovoltaic panel; the product of the current power generation efficiency and the second value is taken as the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel; the second value is the product of the solar irradiance and the power generation area of ​​the photovoltaic panel.

[0082] Specifically, when a photovoltaic (PV) panel experiences an abnormally high temperature, its power generation efficiency is significantly affected. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the current power generation efficiency of the PV panel based on its temperature. This current power generation efficiency reflects the actual energy conversion capability of the PV panel under the current temperature conditions. The second value can be understood as the total solar energy that a unit area of ​​the PV panel can receive under ideal conditions with a given solar irradiance, specifically obtained by multiplying the solar irradiance by the power generation area of ​​the PV panel.

[0083] In practical applications, the maximum output power of a photovoltaic panel is calculated by multiplying the determined current power generation efficiency by this second value. The purpose is to more accurately assess the actual power generation capacity of the photovoltaic panel when its temperature rises abnormally.

[0084] This application's solution calculates the current maximum output power of a photovoltaic (PV) panel by incorporating its current power generation efficiency and combining it with solar irradiance and the panel's power generation area. This solves the problem of inaccurate output power assessment that can occur with traditional methods when PV panel temperatures rise abnormally. Specifically, when the PV panel temperature rises abnormally, the performance of its internal semiconductor materials changes, leading to a decrease in power generation efficiency. By determining the current power generation efficiency based on the real-time PV panel temperature, this efficiency decrease can be accurately quantified. Subsequently, multiplying this current power generation efficiency by the theoretically total energy that the PV panel can receive under the current solar irradiance (i.e., the product of solar irradiance and power generation area) yields a more realistic estimate of the PV panel's current maximum output power. This calculation method considers the direct impact of temperature on power generation efficiency, making the assessment of PV panel output capacity more scientific and accurate under abnormally high temperature conditions.

[0085] Through the above technical solution, this application provides a more accurate method for determining the current maximum output power of photovoltaic panels when the panels are experiencing abnormally high temperatures. Compared to a general determination based solely on solar irradiance and photovoltaic panel temperature, this solution incorporates current power generation efficiency and area, enabling the calculation results to more accurately reflect the actual performance of the photovoltaic panels under high-temperature conditions. Consequently, the central control device can obtain more reliable data on the array's current maximum output power, allowing for more precise and safer scheduling decisions. This effectively avoids system overload or power generation efficiency loss due to misjudgment of the photovoltaic panel's output capacity, improving the overall reliability and economic benefits of the photovoltaic array.

[0086] In some preferred embodiments, suppose that during operation, the temperature of a photovoltaic panel is detected to be 70°C, and based on the above judgment, the photovoltaic panel is in a state of abnormal temperature rise. In this case, it is necessary to determine the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel.

[0087] Specifically, firstly, as one implementation method for determining the current power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic (PV) panel based on its temperature, the current power generation efficiency is determined, for example, to be 15%, based on the PV panel's temperature of 70°C, using a lookup table or a preset model. Simultaneously, assuming the current ambient solar irradiance is 1000 W / m² and the PV panel's power generation area is 2 m², the second value will be calculated as 1000 W / m² multiplied by 2 m², resulting in 2000 W. Finally, the PV panel's current maximum output power will be determined as 15% multiplied by 2000 W, resulting in 300 W. In this way, even under abnormally high PV panel temperatures, a current maximum output power based on actual efficiency and environmental conditions can be obtained, providing an accurate basis for subsequent scheduling.

[0088] Specifically, as another implementation method for determining the current power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic panel based on its temperature value, the steps for determining the current power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic panel based on its temperature value can be further refined as follows.

[0089] Determining the current power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic panel based on its temperature value includes:

[0090] Obtain the rated power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel at the set temperature value; multiply the third value by the temperature decay coefficient of the photovoltaic panel as the power generation efficiency decay of the photovoltaic panel; the third value is the difference between the photovoltaic panel temperature value and the set temperature value; the difference between the rated power generation efficiency and the power generation efficiency decay is taken as the current power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel.

[0091] The set temperature refers to the temperature set for performance evaluation of the photovoltaic (PV) panel under standard test conditions (STC) or specific reference conditions, typically 25°C. Rated power generation efficiency refers to the maximum power generation efficiency of the PV panel at this set temperature, a crucial parameter calibrated at the factory. The temperature decay coefficient is a physical quantity characterizing the degree to which the PV panel's power generation efficiency decreases with increasing temperature. Different types and materials of PV panels have different temperature decay coefficients, which are usually provided by the manufacturer or determined experimentally. The third value is the difference between the PV panel's actual temperature and the set temperature, used to quantify the degree to which the PV panel's actual operating temperature deviates from the set temperature. By multiplying this difference by the temperature decay coefficient, the amount of power generation efficiency degradation due to temperature changes can be accurately calculated. Finally, subtracting the power generation efficiency degradation from the rated power generation efficiency yields the current power generation efficiency of the PV panel at the current actual operating temperature.

[0092] The solution proposed in this application obtains the rated power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel at a set temperature value, and combines this with the difference between the photovoltaic panel's temperature and the set temperature value, as well as the temperature degradation coefficient of the photovoltaic panel, to accurately calculate the amount of power generation efficiency reduction caused by temperature increases. Therefore, the rated power generation efficiency can be calculated by subtracting this reduction amount from the rated power generation efficiency, thereby obtaining the current power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel at the current actual operating temperature. This calculation method takes into account the temperature characteristics of the photovoltaic panel, enabling a more accurate assessment of its power generation capacity when the photovoltaic panel is under abnormal temperature rise, avoiding errors that may result from simply using the rated maximum output power.

[0093] The above technical solution enables the accurate calculation of the current power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels when they are experiencing abnormally high temperatures, based on their actual temperature characteristics. This allows for a more accurate determination of the maximum output power of the photovoltaic panels, providing more reliable data support for subsequent photovoltaic array scheduling and helping to improve the overall operating efficiency and management accuracy of the photovoltaic array.

[0094] The application further proposes a more refined method for determining the current maximum output power of the inverter, which achieves a more accurate power assessment by taking into account the inverter's rated output power and the power reduction due to temperature.

[0095] In the aforementioned method for remote monitoring and management of photovoltaic panels, determining the inverter's current maximum output power based on the inverter's temperature value includes:

[0096] Obtain the rated output power of the inverter; determine the reduced power of the inverter based on the inverter temperature value; determine the current maximum output power of the inverter based on the rated output power and the reduced power.

[0097] Specifically, obtaining the inverter's rated output power refers to obtaining the maximum output power that the inverter can achieve under standard test conditions or design operating conditions. This rated output power is usually provided by the inverter manufacturer and serves as a benchmark parameter for inverter performance. Determining the inverter's power degradation based on its temperature can be understood as assessing the output power loss caused by the inverter's own temperature increase. When an inverter operates in a high-temperature environment, the performance of its internal electronic components degrades, resulting in a reduction in its maximum output capability. Determining the power degradation aims to quantify this power attenuation caused by temperature increases.

[0098] In practical applications, the current maximum output power of the inverter is determined based on its rated output power and the power reduction. For example, the rated output power can be subtracted from the power reduction to obtain the actual maximum output capacity of the inverter under the current temperature conditions. The purpose is to provide an upper limit for the inverter power that is closer to actual operating conditions, so as to guide the optimized scheduling of photovoltaic arrays.

[0099] This application's solution addresses the issue of insufficient precision in determining the inverter's current maximum output power in basic solutions by introducing the concept of "power reduction" and combining it with the inverter's rated output power. Specifically, when the inverter's temperature rises, the performance of its internal components is affected, resulting in an actual output power lower than the rated value. By calculating the corresponding power reduction based on the inverter's temperature and subtracting it from the rated output power, the true maximum output capability of the inverter under current temperature conditions can be more accurately reflected. This temperature-based dynamic adjustment mechanism ensures that the determination of the inverter's current maximum output power is no longer a static rated value but can respond to environmental changes in real time, thus providing a more reliable scheduling basis for the central control device.

[0100] The above technical solutions enable a more accurate assessment of the inverter's actual maximum output power at different operating temperatures. This precise power assessment helps avoid overload operation caused by overestimating the inverter's capacity, thereby extending the inverter's lifespan and improving system reliability. Simultaneously, by accurately determining the inverter's actual output capacity, the central control unit can perform more rational power scheduling, avoiding power waste and maximizing the photovoltaic array's power generation efficiency and economic benefits.

[0101] In some preferred embodiments, a specific example is given below. Assume an inverter in a photovoltaic array has a rated output power of 100kW. At a certain moment, the inverter temperature is measured to be 60°C. To determine the inverter's maximum output power at this temperature, its rated output power of 100kW is first obtained. Then, based on the inverter temperature of 60°C, combined with the inverter's performance curve or a preset derating model, the power reduction at this temperature is calculated. For example, if the power reduction is determined to be 5kW based on the inverter temperature of 60°C, the inverter's maximum current output power will be determined as the rated output power of 100kW minus the power reduction of 5kW, i.e., 95kW. This value of 95kW is then sent to the central control unit as the maximum power the inverter can provide under the current conditions, thereby guiding the central control unit to precisely schedule the photovoltaic array.

[0102] Specifically, in some implementations of the aforementioned photovoltaic panel remote monitoring and management method, the step of determining the inverter's power reduction based on the inverter temperature value can be further refined to more accurately reflect the inverter's performance under different temperature conditions.

[0103] Determining the inverter's reduced power based on the aforementioned inverter temperature values ​​includes:

[0104] Obtain the inverter's temperature derating factor and the inverter's power reduction threshold temperature value; determine whether the inverter's temperature value is greater than the power reduction threshold temperature value; if so, multiply the fourth value by the temperature derating factor as the inverter's power reduction; the fourth value is the difference between the inverter's temperature value and the power reduction threshold temperature value; if not, determine that the inverter's power reduction is 0.

[0105] The inverter's temperature derating factor refers to the percentage decrease in power for each degree Celsius increase in temperature after the inverter exceeds its power derating threshold. This factor is typically provided by the inverter manufacturer based on its design and heat dissipation performance. The inverter's power derating threshold temperature is the highest ambient temperature at which the inverter can maintain its rated output power under normal operating conditions. Once this temperature is exceeded, the inverter needs to begin power derating to protect itself.

[0106] Specifically, when determining whether the inverter temperature exceeds the power derating threshold temperature, the inverter temperature value collected by temperature sensors inside the inverter or key components can be monitored in real time and compared with the preset power derating threshold temperature value. If the inverter temperature value does not exceed the threshold, the inverter is considered to be within the normal operating temperature range and no power derating is required; in this case, the power reduction is determined to be 0.

[0107] Furthermore, when the inverter temperature exceeds the power derating threshold temperature, the specific power reduction needs to be calculated. At this point, a fourth value is determined as the difference between the inverter temperature and the power derating threshold temperature, representing the degree to which the inverter's actual operating temperature exceeds the safe range. Subsequently, multiplying this fourth value by the inverter's temperature derating factor yields the amount of power reduction required by the inverter, thereby ensuring stable and safe operation of the inverter in high-temperature environments.

[0108] This application's solution introduces a temperature derating factor and a power reduction threshold temperature for the inverter, and performs judgment and calculation based on real-time monitored inverter temperature values ​​to accurately determine the power reduction of the inverter. When the inverter temperature is below the power reduction threshold temperature, it indicates that the inverter is within a safe operating range, and its power reduction is set to 0, thus ensuring that the inverter can output full power. When the inverter temperature exceeds the power reduction threshold temperature, by calculating the temperature difference exceeding the threshold (i.e., the fourth value) and multiplying it by the temperature derating factor, the power that the inverter needs to reduce due to overheating can be quantified, thereby preventing the inverter from being damaged or experiencing performance degradation due to prolonged high-temperature operation. This dynamic adjustment mechanism based on actual temperature and specific parameters allows the inverter's power output to adapt to constantly changing environmental conditions.

[0109] The above technical solution enables more refined and intelligent management of the power output of inverters in photovoltaic arrays. Compared to simple fixed derating or coarse temperature threshold judgments, this solution can dynamically and accurately calculate the required power reduction based on the actual temperature state and inherent thermal characteristics of the inverter. This not only helps prevent inverter failure due to overheating and extends its service life, but also avoids unnecessary excessive derating, thereby maximizing the power generation efficiency and economic benefits of the photovoltaic array while ensuring equipment safety. Furthermore, this method provides more reliable and accurate power data support for the central control device to schedule the photovoltaic array, optimizing the overall system operation strategy.

[0110] This application further proposes a step for determining the current maximum output power of the inverter based on the rated output power and the reduced power, including:

[0111] Obtain the operating time of the inverter's cooling fan; determine the difference between the rated output power and the reduced power as the initial maximum output power of the inverter; determine the current maximum output power of the inverter based on the operating time and the initial maximum output power of the inverter.

[0112] Specifically, obtaining the inverter's cooling fan operating time refers to the cumulative running time of the cooling fan or the running time within a specific time period, monitored or read from the inverter's internal control system. This operating time can serve as an important indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of the inverter's cooling system. The difference between the rated output power and the reduced power is determined as the inverter's initial current maximum output power. This step aims to calculate a preliminary maximum output power value, uncorrected for the cooling fan operating time, based on the inverter's basic performance parameters and current temperature conditions. In practical applications, determining the inverter's current maximum output power based on the operating time and the initial current maximum output power is for further correction of the initial current maximum output power.

[0113] By considering the actual operating time of the cooling fan, the actual load-bearing capacity of the inverter under current cooling conditions can be more accurately reflected. For example, if the cooling fan runs stably for a long time, it may indicate that the inverter has good heat dissipation, and its output power can be closer to the initial maximum value; conversely, if the cooling fan operates for an insufficient or unstable time, it may be necessary to further reduce the output power to ensure the safe and stable operation of the equipment.

[0114] This application optimizes the determination process of the inverter's current maximum output power by introducing the operating duration of the inverter's cooling fan. Considering only the difference between the rated output power and the reduced power may not fully reflect the inverter's true heat dissipation capacity under continuous operation. The operating duration of the cooling fan directly reflects the activity and sustained effectiveness of the inverter's internal thermal management system. When the cooling fan operates for a long time, it usually means that the inverter's internal temperature is effectively controlled, and its sustained output capacity may be higher than the initial value calculated based solely on instantaneous temperature. Conversely, if the cooling fan's operating duration is short or irregular, it may indicate poor heat dissipation or a potential overheating risk, requiring a more conservative adjustment to the initial maximum output power. By using the cooling fan's operating duration as a correction factor, the assessment of the inverter's current maximum output power can more closely reflect the inverter's actual operating state and thermal management capabilities, thereby avoiding overload or performance waste caused by inaccurate assessments.

[0115] Through the above technical solution, this application can more accurately determine the current maximum output power of the inverter. By fully considering the impact of the cooling fan's operating time on the inverter's heat dissipation performance, the determined maximum output power value can more realistically reflect the inverter's sustainable output capability under actual operating conditions. This helps the central control device to schedule the photovoltaic array based on a more accurate current maximum output power, thereby improving the photovoltaic array's operating efficiency, stability, and reliability. It also helps extend the inverter's lifespan and avoid equipment overload or performance loss caused by inaccurate power assessment.

[0116] In some preferred embodiments, assume an inverter has a rated output power of 100kW. Based on its inverter temperature, the calculated power reduction is 5kW, thus the initial maximum output power of the inverter is determined to be 95kW. If the inverter's cooling fan has been operating for 8 hours over a past period, and this operating time falls within a preset "long-term stable operation" range, then the initial maximum output power of 95kW can be multiplied by a duration adjustment factor (e.g., 1.0) according to a preset correspondence, ultimately determining the current maximum output power of the inverter to remain 95kW. However, if the cooling fan has been operating for only 1 hour, and this operating time falls within a preset "short-term operation" range, then it may be necessary to multiply by a duration adjustment factor less than 1 (e.g., 0.95), thereby correcting the current maximum output power of the inverter to 90.25kW. In this way, the actual output capacity of the inverter can be more precisely evaluated and scheduled.

[0117] This application further proposes a step for determining the current maximum output power of the inverter based on the aforementioned operating time and the current maximum output power of the initial inverter, including:

[0118] Obtain the preset correspondence; the preset correspondence includes a one-to-one correspondence between multiple working duration ranges and multiple duration adjustment coefficients; take the duration adjustment coefficient corresponding to the working duration range in which the cooling fan is located in the preset correspondence as the target duration adjustment coefficient; take the product of the initial inverter's current maximum output power and the target duration adjustment coefficient as the inverter's current maximum output power.

[0119] Specifically, the preset correspondence can be understood as a lookup table, database, or algorithm model stored in the system, which establishes the relationship between the performance degradation or efficiency change of the cooling fan under different cumulative operating times and the corresponding adjustment coefficient. For example, as the operating time of the cooling fan increases, its heat dissipation efficiency may gradually decrease, thus affecting the maximum output capacity of the inverter. Multiple operating time ranges can divide the cumulative operating time of the cooling fan into different stages, such as 0-1000 hours, 1001-5000 hours, 5001-10000 hours, etc. Each operating time range corresponds to a specific duration adjustment coefficient, which is used to correct the initial maximum output power of the inverter to more accurately reflect the inverter performance under the actual operating conditions of the cooling fan. The duration adjustment coefficient is usually a value less than or equal to 1, used to represent the power reduction caused by the increase in fan operating time.

[0120] Specifically, using the operating time range of the cooling fan as the target operating time adjustment coefficient means that the system, based on the currently acquired cumulative operating time of the cooling fan, looks up the range to which the current operating time belongs in a preset correspondence and extracts the operating time adjustment coefficient associated with that range. For example, if the cumulative operating time of the cooling fan is 3500 hours, and the preset correspondence defines the operating time adjustment coefficient for the range "1001-5000 hours" as 0.98, then 0.98 is determined as the target operating time adjustment coefficient.

[0121] In practical applications, the product of the initial inverter's current maximum output power and the target duration adjustment factor is used as the inverter's current maximum output power. The purpose is to further correct the initial inverter's current maximum output power calculated based on the rated output power and the power reduction factor by introducing a duration adjustment factor. This correction takes into account the cumulative impact of the cooling fan's long-term operation on the inverter's performance, making the final determined inverter's current maximum output power closer to actual operating conditions.

[0122] This application's solution introduces a preset correspondence to link the cumulative operating time of the cooling fan with a duration adjustment coefficient, thereby enabling a more refined assessment of the cooling fan's impact on inverter performance. As the cooling fan's operating time increases, its heat dissipation capacity may decrease due to wear, dust accumulation, and other factors, leading to a reduction in the inverter's maximum output power at the same temperature. Through the preset correspondence, the system can dynamically obtain a suitable duration adjustment coefficient based on the actual operating time of the cooling fan. This coefficient is used to multiply and correct the initial maximum output power of the inverter, ensuring that the final determined maximum output power more accurately reflects the inverter's actual performance under long-term cooling fan operation. This dynamic adjustment mechanism based on operating time effectively compensates for the potential inaccuracies of simple calculations, ensuring a more realistic and reliable assessment of the inverter's maximum output capability.

[0123] Through the above technical solution, this application enables a more accurate assessment of the inverter's current maximum output power. By introducing a duration adjustment coefficient related to the operating time of the cooling fan, the system can dynamically consider the performance degradation of the cooling fan, thereby avoiding deviations in the assessment of the inverter's maximum output power caused by the decrease in heat dissipation efficiency due to long-term fan operation. This allows the central control device to perform more optimized and efficient resource allocation and operation strategy adjustments based on more accurate inverter maximum output power data when scheduling the photovoltaic array, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency and operational stability of the photovoltaic array.

[0124] The application proposes a remote monitoring and management system for photovoltaic (PV) panels, comprising: an acquisition device and a processing device; the acquisition device is used to acquire operating parameters of the PV array, including the solar irradiance of the environment where the PV array is located, the ambient temperature of the environment where the PV array is located, the PV panel temperature of the PV panels in the PV array, and the inverter temperature of the inverter in the PV array; the processing device is used to determine the current maximum output power of the PV panels based on the ambient temperature, solar irradiance, and PV panel temperature; the processing device is used to determine the current maximum output power of the inverter based on the inverter temperature; the processing device is used to determine the minimum value between the current maximum output power of the PV panels and the current maximum output power of the inverter as the current maximum output power of the PV array; the processing device is used to send the current maximum output power of the array to a central control device so that the central control device can schedule the PV array based on the current maximum output power of the array.

[0125] The system of this application dynamically evaluates the actual maximum output power of the photovoltaic array by comprehensively considering the real-time operating parameters of the photovoltaic panels and inverters, thereby achieving more precise scheduling. It effectively avoids equipment overload and efficiency loss caused by evaluation deviations in traditional methods, and significantly improves the overall operating efficiency and equipment reliability of the photovoltaic power station.

[0126] The core of the photovoltaic panel remote monitoring and management system proposed in this application lies in the fine acquisition of the operating parameters of the photovoltaic array through the acquisition device, and the dynamic adjustment of the scheduling strategy by the processing device based on this.

[0127] Specifically, the acquisition device can include, but is not limited to, various sensors, data acquisition modules, and communication interfaces. For example, the acquisition device can be configured with solar irradiance sensors, ambient temperature sensors, photovoltaic panel temperature sensors, and inverter temperature sensors to collect real-time solar irradiance data, ambient temperature values, photovoltaic panel temperature values, and inverter temperature values. These sensors can be wired to the data acquisition unit or transmit data to the central processing unit of the acquisition device via wireless modules. As an optional implementation, the acquisition device can also integrate an image acquisition module, for example, by using a drone equipped with a thermal imaging camera to periodically inspect the photovoltaic array, acquire temperature distribution data of the photovoltaic panels, and extract the photovoltaic panel temperature values ​​through image processing technology. Furthermore, the acquisition device can also communicate with weather station data or satellite remote sensing data sources via a network interface to acquire or estimate solar irradiance.

[0128] The processing device can be one or more processors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or any other programmable logic devices, and may include memory for storing instructions and data. The processing device is configured to perform a series of operations to analyze the operating parameters of the photovoltaic array and determine its maximum output power. For example, the processing device can preset a power calculation formula based on an empirical or physical model, and calculate the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel using a series of correction coefficients based on real-time ambient temperature, solar irradiance, and photovoltaic panel temperature values ​​provided by the acquisition device. These correction coefficients can be fitted based on a large amount of experimental data or derived through semiconductor physical models. Simultaneously, the processing device is also configured to determine the current maximum output power of the inverter based on the inverter temperature value, for example, by calculating it using a preset curve or formula relating inverter temperature value to derating power.

[0129] Furthermore, the processing unit is configured to compare the determined current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panels with the current maximum output power of the inverter, and take the minimum of the two as the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic array. This design is based on the principle of the weakest link, ensuring that the assessment of the output capacity of the entire photovoltaic array is based on its weakest link. Subsequently, the processing unit sends the current maximum output power of the array to the central control unit via a communication interface. After receiving the real-time updated current maximum output power of the array, the central control unit can use it as an important scheduling basis. For example, when the grid needs to increase power supply, the central control unit will rationally allocate power generation tasks according to the current maximum output power of each photovoltaic array, ensuring that each array operates within its safe and efficient range.

[0130] The photovoltaic panel remote monitoring and management system proposed in this application effectively solves the problems of inaccurate scheduling and accelerated equipment aging caused by defects in the power generation efficiency assessment mechanism in the prior art by acquiring and analyzing the operating parameters of the photovoltaic array in a refined manner, and then dynamically adjusting the scheduling strategy based on this by the processing device.

[0131] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this application are as follows: Existing technologies often employ simplified compensation strategies based on regional average temperatures when assessing power generation efficiency. This leads to insufficient dynamic optimization of the actual power generation capacity between photovoltaic arrays. Particularly when localized dust accumulation causes abnormal temperature increases in photovoltaic panels, the system overestimates their power generation potential and issues mismatched power generation commands, thereby accelerating the wear and tear on key components such as inverters. The system in this application acquires photovoltaic panel and inverter temperature values ​​in real time through an acquisition device, and the processing device comprehensively analyzes these values ​​to dynamically calculate the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panels and inverters. The minimum of these two values ​​is taken as the actual maximum output power of the array. This refined assessment mechanism can accurately identify and quantify the decline in power generation capacity caused by factors such as dust accumulation, poor heat dissipation, or inverter overheating, thus providing a more realistic and reliable scheduling basis for the central control device. Consequently, the central control device can avoid issuing power generation commands exceeding the actual capacity of dust-accumulated or overheated subarrays, effectively reducing the electrothermal load on key components such as inverter power modules and cooling fans, significantly extending the service life of the equipment, and improving the overall operating efficiency and reliability of the photovoltaic power station. The system proposed in this application not only solves the problem of inaccurate power generation efficiency assessment in the prior art, but also fundamentally avoids the resulting hidden accelerated aging of equipment, which has significant technological progress and practical value.

[0132] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for remote monitoring and management of photovoltaic panels, characterized in that, include: The operating parameters of the photovoltaic array are obtained, including the solar irradiance of the environment in which the photovoltaic array is located, the ambient temperature of the environment in which the photovoltaic array is located, the photovoltaic panel temperature of the photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic array, and the inverter temperature of the inverter in the photovoltaic array. The current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel is determined based on the ambient temperature value, the solar irradiance, and the photovoltaic panel temperature value. The current maximum output power of the inverter is determined based on the inverter temperature value. The minimum value between the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel and the current maximum output power of the inverter is determined as the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic array. The current maximum output power of the array is sent to the central control device so that the central control device can schedule the photovoltaic array based on the current maximum output power of the array; Determining the current maximum output power of the inverter based on the inverter temperature value includes: Obtain the rated output power of the inverter; The power reduction of the inverter is determined based on the inverter temperature value; The current maximum output power of the inverter is determined based on the rated output power and the decreased power. Determining the current maximum output power of the inverter based on the rated output power and the decreased power includes: Obtain the operating time of the inverter's cooling fan; The difference between the rated output power and the decreased power is determined as the initial current maximum output power of the inverter. The current maximum output power of the inverter is determined based on the operating time and the current maximum output power of the initial inverter. The step of determining the current maximum output power of the inverter based on the operating time and the initial maximum output power of the inverter includes: Obtain a preset correspondence; the preset correspondence includes a one-to-one correspondence between multiple working duration ranges and multiple duration adjustment coefficients; The working time range of the cooling fan in the preset correspondence is used as the target working time adjustment coefficient. The product of the current maximum output power of the initial inverter and the target duration adjustment coefficient is taken as the current maximum output power of the inverter.

2. The method for remote monitoring and management of photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel based on the ambient temperature, solar irradiance, and photovoltaic panel temperature includes: Based on the ambient temperature value, the solar irradiance, and the photovoltaic panel temperature value, determine whether the photovoltaic panel is in a state of abnormal temperature rise; When the photovoltaic panel is in a state of abnormal temperature rise, the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel is determined based on the solar irradiance and the photovoltaic panel temperature value. When the photovoltaic panel is not in a state of abnormal temperature rise, the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel is determined to be the rated maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel.

3. The method for remote monitoring and management of photovoltaic panels according to claim 2, characterized in that, Determining whether the photovoltaic panel is in an abnormally high temperature state based on the ambient temperature value, the solar irradiance, and the photovoltaic panel temperature value includes: The sum of the ambient temperature value and the first value is taken as the theoretical temperature value of the photovoltaic panel; the first value is the product of the solar irradiance and the temperature rise coefficient of the photovoltaic panel. If the temperature of the photovoltaic panel is greater than the theoretical temperature, the photovoltaic panel is determined to be in an abnormally high temperature state; otherwise, the photovoltaic panel is determined not to be in an abnormally high temperature state.

4. The method for remote monitoring and management of photovoltaic panels according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the photovoltaic panel is in a state of abnormal temperature rise, the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel is determined based on the solar irradiance and the photovoltaic panel temperature, including: The current power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel is determined based on the temperature value of the photovoltaic panel. The product of the current power generation efficiency and the second value is taken as the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel; the second value is the product of the solar irradiance and the power generation area of ​​the photovoltaic panel.

5. The method for remote monitoring and management of photovoltaic panels according to claim 4, characterized in that, Determining the current power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel based on its temperature value includes: Obtain the rated power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel at a set temperature value; The product of the third value and the temperature decay coefficient of the photovoltaic panel is used as the power generation efficiency decay of the photovoltaic panel; the third value is the difference between the temperature value of the photovoltaic panel and the set temperature value. The difference between the rated power generation efficiency and the power generation efficiency degradation is taken as the current power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel.

6. The method for remote monitoring and management of photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the power reduction of the inverter based on the inverter temperature value includes: Obtain the temperature derating factor of the inverter and the power reduction threshold temperature value of the inverter; Determine whether the inverter temperature value is greater than the power reduction threshold temperature value; If so, the product of the fourth value and the temperature derating factor is taken as the power reduction of the inverter; the fourth value is the difference between the inverter temperature value and the power reduction threshold temperature value. If not, determine that the power reduction of the inverter is 0.

7. A remote monitoring and management system for photovoltaic panels, characterized in that, include: Acquisition device and processing device; The acquisition device is used to acquire the operating parameters of the photovoltaic array, including the solar irradiance of the environment where the photovoltaic array is located, the ambient temperature of the environment where the photovoltaic array is located, the photovoltaic panel temperature of the photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic array, and the inverter temperature of the inverter in the photovoltaic array. The processing device is used to determine the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel based on the ambient temperature value, the solar irradiance, and the photovoltaic panel temperature value. The processing device is used to determine the current maximum output power of the inverter based on the inverter temperature value. The processing device is used to determine the minimum value between the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel and the current maximum output power of the inverter as the current maximum output power of the photovoltaic array. The processing device is used to send the current maximum output power of the array to the central control device, so that the central control device can schedule the photovoltaic array based on the current maximum output power of the array; The processing device is also used for: Obtain the rated output power of the inverter; The power reduction of the inverter is determined based on the inverter temperature value; The current maximum output power of the inverter is determined based on the rated output power and the decreased power. Determining the current maximum output power of the inverter based on the rated output power and the decreased power includes: Obtain the operating time of the inverter's cooling fan; The difference between the rated output power and the decreased power is determined as the initial current maximum output power of the inverter. The current maximum output power of the inverter is determined based on the operating time and the current maximum output power of the initial inverter. The step of determining the current maximum output power of the inverter based on the operating time and the initial maximum output power of the inverter includes: Obtain a preset correspondence; the preset correspondence includes a one-to-one correspondence between multiple working duration ranges and multiple duration adjustment coefficients; The working time range of the cooling fan in the preset correspondence is used as the target working time adjustment coefficient. The product of the current maximum output power of the initial inverter and the target duration adjustment coefficient is taken as the current maximum output power of the inverter.

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