Bait composition

Abstract

Described herein are bait compositions. Methods of making the bait compositions are also described herein. Also described herein are methods of controlling pests with these bait compositions.

Description

Cross-reference to related applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 523,509, filed on June 27, 2023. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to the field of insect attractants, and more particularly to bait compositions and methods of using bait compositions to control pests. Background Technology

[0003] Pests, and especially agronomic pests, can cause widespread crop damage and economic losses. Examples of such agronomic pests include fruit flies (Tephritid fruit flies), with the genera *Tephritid*, *Tephritidus*, and *Tephritidus* posing the greatest risk to U.S. agriculture. The widespread damage and broad host range of pests such as the fruit fly (Tephritidus) can become obstacles to agricultural diversification and trade when pests are established.

[0004] Insecticides have been the primary method of pest control for the past 100 years and remain widely used today. However, despite the abundance of available agrochemicals, large populations of pests persist in farmland. For example, fruit flies (Drosophila spp.) feed and grow on over 400 host plant species during their larval stage. Many pest control failures can be attributed to insecticide resistance. Therefore, there is a need for further improved compositions and methods to combat the pest, the fruit fly.

[0005] This disclosure provides bait compositions for controlling the pest fruit fly. These bait compositions exhibit improved efficacy and leave no noticeable residue on surfaces after application. This characteristic of the bait compositions is particularly important when applied close to fruit harvest and when there is a possibility of contact with the fruit. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In one aspect, this article provides a bait composition comprising: (i) at least one bioactive ingredient; (ii) at least one bait; (iii) at least one dispersant; and (iv) at least one thickener in an amount not greater than about 0.80 wt%; wherein the bait composition comprises not more than about 6.0 wt% of anionic dispersant.

[0007] On the other hand, this document provides a method for preparing a bait composition, the method comprising: (A) forming a mixture comprising: (i) at least one bioactive ingredient; (ii) at least one bait; (iii) at least one dispersant; and (iv) at least one thickener in an amount not greater than about 0.80 wt%; wherein the bait composition comprises not more than about 6.0 wt% of an anionic dispersant; and (B) optionally diluting the mixture with water.

[0008] On the other hand, this article provides a method for controlling pests, the method comprising contacting the pest or its environment with a biologically effective amount of a composition comprising: (i) at least one pest-killing active ingredient; (ii) at least one bait; (iii) at least one dispersant; and (iv) at least one thickener in an amount not greater than about 0.80 wt%; wherein the bait composition comprises not more than about 6.0 wt% of anionic dispersant. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1A These are photographs of citrus fruits after application of the composition disclosed herein.

[0010] Figure 1B This is a photograph of the leaf after application of the composition according to this disclosure.

[0011] Figure 2A These are photos of citrus fruits after the application of the comparison composition.

[0012] Figure 2B This is a photograph of the leaves after the comparative composition was applied. Detailed Implementation

[0013] This written description uses examples to illustrate this disclosure, including best practices, and also enables any person skilled in the art to practice this disclosure, including making and using any composition or system and methods of merging any combination. The patentable scope of this disclosure is defined by the claims, but may include other examples that would occur to a person skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have elements that are not different from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent elements that are not substantially different from the literal language of the claims.

[0014] As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having,” “contains,” “containing,” “characterized by,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, subject to any expressly specified limitations. For example, a composition, mixture, process, or method that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but may include other elements not expressly listed or other elements inherent to such compositions, mixtures, processes, or methods.

[0015] The connecting phrase "composed of..." excludes any unspecified element, step, or component. If in a claim, this phrase makes the claim closed, excluding materials other than those stated, except for impurities typically associated with them. When the phrase "composed of..." appears in a clause of the body of a claim rather than immediately following the preamble, the phrase only limits the element set forth in that clause; the claim as a whole does not exclude other elements.

[0016] The connecting phrase "consisting essentially of" is used to define a composition or method that includes materials, steps, features, components, or elements other than those literally disclosed, provided that such additional materials, steps, features, components, or elements do not materially affect one or more essential and novel features of the claimed invention. The term "consisting essentially of" falls between "comprising" and "consisting of". The use of "consisting essentially of" herein allows the applicant (as the lexicographer) to define the claimed invention by excluding any materials, steps, features, etc., that the applicant considers non-critical to the claimed invention but which may be known in the prior art and could otherwise be included in the claimed invention, regardless of whether such inclusion or exclusion is specifically described in the specification. The applicant's sole purpose in excluding any materials, steps, features, etc., may be to exclude elements of the prior art that affect the novelty of the claimed invention and thus its patentability. Therefore, the use of “consisting substantially of…” herein does not require explicit support from the specification to exclude any element of the prior art from the claimed invention if including any element of the prior art would be detrimental to the patentability of the claimed invention.

[0017] When an invention or a part thereof is defined by an open-ended term such as “comprising”, it should be readily understood (unless otherwise stated) that the description should be interpreted as also using the terms “substantially composed of” or “composed of” to describe such an invention.

[0018] Furthermore, unless explicitly stated otherwise, "or" refers to an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or". For example, conditions A or B are satisfied by any of the following: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist), A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists), and both A and B are true (or exist).

[0019] Furthermore, the indefinite article "a / an" preceding an element or component of the invention is intended to be non-limiting in terms of the number of instances (i.e., occurrences) of that element or component. Therefore, "a / an" should be understood to include one or at least one, and the singular word form of an element or component also includes the plural, unless the number clearly indicates the singular.

[0020] As used herein, the term "about" provides an estimate of a value relevant to the claimed invention, depending on the context in which it is used. This estimate is reasonable when considered in conjunction with the description of the invention and with regard to information known from publicly available information that would be understood or interpreted by one of ordinary skill in the art. Generally, as used herein, the term "about" means that the estimated value will fall within plus or minus 10% of the relevant value. The term "about" can be further defined by context, and the applicant, as the term definer, has the right to define how "about" should be interpreted in the specific context in which it is used to describe the invention.

[0021] As used herein, “wt%” refers to the weight percentage of the component relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0022] As used herein, “essentially free” generally means no more than 2 wt%. In some embodiments, “essentially free” means no more than 1.5 wt%, no more than 1.0 wt%, no more than 0.5 wt%, or no more than 0.1 wt%.

[0023] In the context of this disclosure, “invertebrate pest control” means the suppression of the development of invertebrate pests (including death, reduced feeding and / or mating disturbance), and related expressions are defined similarly.

[0024] As mentioned in this disclosure, the term "invertebrate pest" includes arthropods, gastropods, nematodes, and worms that are of economic importance as pests. The term "arthropods" includes insects, mites, spiders, scorpions, centipedes, millipedes, woodlice, and symphylans. The term "gastropods" includes snails, slugs, and other stylomatophores. The term "nematodes" includes members of the phylum Nematoda, such as herbivorous nematodes and animal-parasitic nematodes. The term "worms" includes all parasites, such as roundworms (phylum Nematoda), heartworms (phylum Nematoda, class Seminentea), flukes (phylum Platyhelminthes, class Tematoda), acanthocephala (phylum Acanthocephala), and tapeworms (phylum Platyhelminthes, class Cestoda).

[0025] The term "agronomy" refers to the production of field crops used for food and fiber, and includes the growth of corn or maize, soybeans and other legumes, rice, cereals (e.g., wheat, oats, barley, rye and rice), leafy vegetables (e.g., lettuce, cabbage and other rapeseed crops), fruit vegetables (e.g., tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, cruciferous vegetables and cucurbits), potatoes, sweet potatoes, grapes, cotton, tree fruits (e.g., pome, stone and citrus), small fruits (e.g. berries and cherries) and other specialty crops (e.g., low-erucic acid rapeseed, sunflower and olive).

[0026] The term “non-agronomy” refers to applications other than those of field crops, such as horticultural crops (e.g., greenhouses, nurseries, or ornamental plants not grown in fields), residential, agricultural, commercial, and industrial structures, turf (e.g., sod farms, pastures, golf courses, lawns, sports fields, etc.), timber products, stored products, agroforestry and vegetation management, public health (i.e., human) and animal health (e.g., domestic animals such as pets, livestock, and poultry, and non-domestic animals such as wild animals).

[0027] The term "crop vigor" refers to the growth rate or biomass accumulation of a crop plant. "Increased vigor" refers to an increase in growth or biomass accumulation of a crop plant relative to an untreated control crop plant. The term "crop yield" refers to the return on crop material obtained after harvesting a crop plant, both in quantity and quality. "Increased crop yield" refers to an increase in crop yield relative to an untreated control crop plant.

[0028] The term "biologically effective amount" refers to the amount of a biologically active compound that, when applied (i.e., exposed to) the invertebrate pest to be controlled or its environment, or the plant, the seeds from which the plant grows, or the location of the plant (e.g., the growing medium) to protect the plant from invertebrate pests or for other desired effects (e.g., to increase plant vigor), is sufficient to produce the desired biological effect.

[0029] Non-agronomic applications include protecting animals from invertebrate parasitic pests by administering to the animals the amount of the biologically active compound disclosed herein (typically in the form of a composition formulated for veterinary use) that is effectively (i.e., biologically effective) in its antiparasitic effect. As used in this disclosure and the claims, the terms "antiparasitic" and "antiparasitic" refer to an observable effect on an invertebrate parasitic pest to protect the animal from the pest. Antiparasitic effects are typically associated with reducing the presence or activity of the target invertebrate parasitic pest. Such effects on the pest include necrosis, death, stunted growth, reduced activity or ability to remain on or within the host animal, reduced feeding, and reproductive inhibition. These effects on invertebrate parasitic pests control (including prevent, reduce, or eliminate) parasitic infestation or infection in animals.

[0030] This article found that the bait composition according to the disclosure exhibits improved efficacy and leaves no noticeable residue on the surface after the bait composition is applied to the surface.

[0031] The bait compositions disclosed herein have numerous advantages. First, the bait compositions are effective and applicable to a wide variety of crops and pests. Second, the bait compositions can be premixed formulations that do not require further mixing. Therefore, there is no need to mix the protein source with AI formulations as is typically required for barrel mixes. Third, where the bait compositions contain protein, they can be applied directly without reformulating the bait composition, as they do not require animal protein. This is particularly advantageous in countries with regulations relating to Halal and / or Kosher laws. Fourth, the bait compositions do not leave noticeable residues on the fruit. Therefore, only minimal post-harvest processing is required to remove residues.

[0032] This article describes a bait composition comprising: (i) at least one bioactive ingredient; (ii) at least one bait; (iii) at least one dispersant; and (iv) at least one thickener in an amount not greater than about 0.80 wt%; wherein the bait composition comprises not more than about 6.0 wt% of anionic dispersant.

[0033] In many embodiments, after the bait composition is applied to a surface, it does not leave any clearly visible residue on that surface. As used herein, "clearly visible residue" means residue that is visible to the naked eye in the absence of instruments. The residue may be colored or colorless. The residue may also be opaque or transparent.

[0034] Typically, the at least one thickener may be present in any suitable amount known in the art to contribute to a bait composition. In some embodiments, the at least one thickener is present in an amount of at least about 0.05 wt%, at least about 0.10 wt%, at least about 0.15 wt%, at least about 0.20 wt%, 0.25 wt%, at least about 0.30 wt%, 0.35 wt%, at least about 0.40 wt%, or at least about 0.45 wt%, at least about 0.50 wt%, at least about 0.55 wt%, at least about 0.60 wt%, at least about 0.65 wt%, at least about 0.70 wt%, at least about 0.75 wt%, at least about 0.80 wt%, at least about 0.85 wt%, at least about 0.90 wt%, or at least about 0.95 wt%. In some embodiments, the at least one thickener is present in an amount of up to about 0.10 wt%, up to about 0.15 wt%, up to about 0.20 wt%, 0.25 wt%, up to about 0.30 wt%, 0.35 wt%, up to about 0.40 wt%, up to about 0.45 wt%, up to about 0.50 wt%, up to about 0.55 wt%, up to about 0.60 wt%, up to about 0.65 wt%, up to about 0.70 wt%, up to about 0.75 wt%, up to about 0.80 wt%, up to about 0.85 wt%, up to about 0.90 wt%, up to about 0.95 wt%, or up to about 1.0 wt%.

[0035] In some embodiments, the at least one thickener is present in an amount ranging from about 0.30 wt% to about 0.80 wt%.

[0036] Typically, the at least one thickener may comprise any suitable thickener known in the art that contributes to the bait composition. In some embodiments, the thickener is selected from magnesium aluminosilicate hydrate, xanthan gum, amorphous silica, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, suitable commercially available thickeners include, for example, Van Gel B, Veegum K, Veegum HS, Veegum R, Veegum T, Veegum Pure, Actigel 208, Rhodopol 23, Kelzan S, Kelzan Splus, Aerosil, AEROSIL® R 202, AEROSIL® R 805, AEROSIL® R 812 S, AEROSIL® R816, AEROSIL® R 972, AEROSIL® R 974, AEROSIL® 200, AEROSIL® 300, AEROSIL® 380, and Bentonite (e.g., Vanatural). In some embodiments, suitable thickeners are sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.

[0037] In some embodiments, the at least one thickener is selected from hydrated magnesium aluminosilicate, xanthan gum, amorphous silica, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, gum arabic, and combinations thereof.

[0038] Typically, the at least one dispersant can be present in any suitable amount known in the art to contribute to a decoy composition. In some embodiments, the at least one dispersant is present in amounts of at least about 0.05 wt%, at least about 0.10 wt%, at least about 0.15 wt%, at least about 0.20 wt%, 0.25 wt%, at least about 0.30 wt%, 0.35 wt%, at least about 0.40 wt%, at least about 0.45 wt%, at least about 0.50 wt%, at least about 0.55 wt%, at least about 0.60 wt%, at least about 0.65 wt%, at least about 0.70 wt%, at least about 0.75 wt%, at least about 0.80 wt%, at least about 0.85 wt%, at least about 0.90 wt%, at least about 0.95 wt%, at least about 1.0 wt%, at least about 1.05 wt%, at least about 1.1 wt%, at least about 1.15 wt%, at least about 1.2 wt%, at least about 1.25 wt%, at least about 1.3 wt%, at least about 1.35 wt%, at least about 1.4 wt%. It is present in amounts of at least about 1.45 wt%, at least about 1.5 wt%, at least about 1.55 wt%, at least about 1.6 wt%, at least about 1.65 wt%, at least about 1.7 wt%, at least about 1.75 wt%, at least about 1.8 wt%, at least about 1.85 wt%, at least about 1.9 wt%, or at least about 1.95 wt%. In some embodiments, the at least one dispersant is present in amounts of up to about 0.10 wt%, up to about 0.15 wt%, up to about 0.20 wt%, 0.25 wt%, up to about 0.30 wt%, 0.35 wt%, up to about 0.40 wt%, up to about 0.45 wt%, up to about 0.50 wt%, up to about 0.55 wt%, up to about 0.60 wt%, up to about 0.65 wt%, up to about 0.70 wt%, up to about 0.75 wt%, up to about 0.80 wt%, up to about 0.85 wt%, up to about 0.90 wt%, up to about 0.95 wt%, up to about 1.0 wt%, up to about 1.05 wt%, up to about 1.1 wt%, up to about 1.15 wt%, up to about 1.2 wt%, up to about 1.25 wt%, and up to about 1.3 wt%. It is present in amounts of up to about 1.35 wt%, up to about 1.4 wt%, up to about 1.45 wt%, up to about 1.5 wt%, up to about 1.55 wt%, up to about 1.6 wt%, up to about 1.65 wt%, up to about 1.7 wt%, up to about 1.75 wt%, up to about 1.8 wt%, up to about 1.85 wt%, up to about 1.9 wt%, up to about 1.95 wt%, or up to about 2.0 wt%.

[0039] Typically, the at least one dispersant may include any suitable dispersant known in the art that contributes to the bait composition. In some embodiments, the at least one dispersant includes ionic dispersants, anionic dispersants, cationic dispersants, zwitterionic dispersants, nonionic dispersants, or combinations thereof.

[0040] Typically, a decoy composition may contain any suitable amount of anionic dispersant known in the art that contributes to the decoy composition. In some embodiments, the bait composition comprises at least about 0 wt%, at least about 0.05 wt%, at least about 0.10 wt%, at least about 0.15 wt%, at least about 0.20 wt%, 0.25 wt%, at least about 0.30 wt%, 0.35 wt%, at least about 0.40 wt%, at least about 0.45 wt%, at least about 0.50 wt%, at least about 0.55 wt%, at least about 0.60 wt%, at least about 0.65 wt%, at least about 0.70 wt%, at least about 0.75 wt%, at least about 0.80 wt%, at least about 0.85 wt%, at least about 0.90 wt%, at least about 0.95 wt%, at least about 1.0 wt%, at least about 1.05 wt%, at least about 1.1 wt%, at least about 1.15 wt%, at least about 1.2 wt%, at least about 1.25 wt%, at least about 1.3 wt%, and at least about 1.35 wt%. wt%, at least about 1.4 wt%, at least about 1.45 wt%, at least about 1.5 wt%, at least about 1.55 wt%, at least about 1.6 wt%, at least about 1.65 wt%, at least about 1.7 wt%, at least about 1.75 wt%, at least about 1.8 wt%, at least about 1.85 wt%, at least about 1.9 wt%, at least about 1.95 wt%, at least about 2.0 wt%, at least about 2.1 wt%, at least about 2.2 wt%, at least about 2.3 wt%, at least about 2.4 wt%, at least about 2.5 wt%, at least about 2.6 wt%, at least about 2.7 wt%, at least about 2.8 wt%, at least about 2.9 wt%, at least about 3.0 wt%, at least about 3.1 wt%, at least about 3.2 wt%, at least about 3.3 wt%, at least about 3.4 wt%, at least about 3.5 wt%, at least about 3.6 wt%, at least about 3.7 wt%. An anionic dispersant in amounts of wt%, at least about 3.8 wt%, at least about 3.9 wt%, at least about 4.1 wt%, at least about 4.2 wt%, at least about 4.3 wt%, at least about 4.4 wt%, at least about 4.5 wt%, at least about 4.6 wt%, at least about 4.7 wt%, at least about 4.8 wt%, at least about 4.9 wt%, at least about 5.1 wt%, at least about 5.2 wt%, at least about 5.3 wt%, at least about 5.4 wt%, at least about 5.5 wt%, at least about 5.6 wt%, at least about 5.7 wt%, at least about 5.8 wt%, or at least about 5.9 wt%.In some embodiments, the at least one dispersant is present in amounts of up to about 0.05 wt%, up to about 0.10 wt%, up to about 0.15 wt%, up to about 0.20 wt%, 0.25 wt%, up to about 0.30 wt%, 0.35 wt%, up to about 0.40 wt%, up to about 0.45 wt%, up to about 0.50 wt%, up to about 0.55 wt%, up to about 0.60 wt%, up to about 0.65 wt%, up to about 0.70 wt%, up to about 0.75 wt%, up to about 0.80 wt%, up to about 0.85 wt%, up to about 0.90 wt%, up to about 0.95 wt%, up to about 1.0 wt%, up to about 1.05 wt%, up to about 1.1 wt%, up to about 1.15 wt%, up to about 1.2 wt%, up to about 1.25 wt%. wt%, up to about 1.3 wt%, up to about 1.35 wt%, up to about 1.4 wt%, up to about 1.45 wt%, up to about 1.5 wt%, up to about 1.55 wt%, up to about 1.6 wt%, up to about 1.65 wt%, up to about 1.7 wt%, up to about 1.75 wt%, up to about 1.8 wt%, up to about 1.85 wt%, up to about 1.9 wt%, up to about 1.95 wt%, up to about 2.0 wt%, up to about 2.1 wt%, up to about 2.2 wt%, up to about 2.3 wt%, up to about 2.4 wt%, up to about 2.5 wt%, up to about 2.6 wt%, up to about 2.7 wt%, up to about 2.8 wt%, up to about 2.9 wt%, up to about 3.1 wt%, up to about 3.2 wt%. It is present in amounts of up to about 3.3 wt%, up to about 3.4 wt%, up to about 3.5 wt%, up to about 3.6 wt%, up to about 3.7 wt%, up to about 3.8 wt%, up to about 3.9 wt%, up to about 4.1 wt%, up to about 4.2 wt%, up to about 4.3 wt%, up to about 4.4 wt%, up to about 4.5 wt%, up to about 4.6 wt%, up to about 4.7 wt%, up to about 4.8 wt%, up to about 4.9 wt%, up to about 5.1 wt%, up to about 5.2 wt%, up to about 5.3 wt%, up to about 5.4 wt%, up to about 5.5 wt%, up to about 5.6 wt%, up to about 5.7 wt%, up to about 5.8 wt%, up to about 5.9 wt%, or up to about 6.0 wt%.

[0041] Non-limiting examples of anionic dispersants include: alkylaryl sulfonic acids and their salts; carboxylated alcohols; diphenyl sulfonate derivatives; olefin sulfonates; phosphate esters, such as phosphate esters of alcohol alkoxylates, phosphate esters of alkylphenol alkoxylates, and phosphate esters of styrylphenol ethoxylates; protein-based surfactants; sarcosine derivatives; styrylphenol ether sulfates; sulfates and sulfonates of oils and fatty acids; sulfates and sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols; sulfates of alcohols; sulfates of alkoxylated alcohols; sulfonates of amines and amides, such as... N , N -alkyl taurine salts; sulfonates of benzene, cumene, toluene, xylene, and dodecylbenzene and tridecylbenzene; sulfonates of naphthalene and alkylnaphthalene; sulfonates of fractionated petroleum; sulfosuccinates; sulfosuccinates and their derivatives, such as dialkylsulfosuccinates; and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of cationic counterions of anionic dispersants in salt form may include, but are not limited to, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, ammonium, or (C... 1-6 Alkyl ammonium cations.

[0042] Non-limiting examples of anionic dispersants within the scope of this disclosure include: ammonium lauryl sulfate; magnesium lauryl sulfate; sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate; sodium octyl sulfate; sodium oleyl sulfate; sodium tridecyl sulfate; triethanolamine lauryl sulfate; ammonium nonylphenol ether sulfate; ammonium nonylphenol ether-4-sulfate sulfosuccinate; tetrasodium N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-N-octadecyl sulfosuccinate; dipentyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate; dihexyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate; dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate; dihexyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate; dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate (Aerosol OT 75PG); calcium naphthalenesulfonate (DAXAD). ® 19LCAD); Sodium methyl oleyl taurate (Geropon) ® T-77); Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; Sodium dodecyl sulfate (Polystep) ® B-25Uvee); N-oleenoyl N-methyl taurate; 1,4-dioctyloxy-1,4-dioxo-butane-2-sulfonic acid; sodium lauryl sulfate; sodium lauryl ether sulfate (Steol CS-370); calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Rhodacal) ® 60 BE and 70 B); Isopropylamine dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Bio-Soft) ® N-411); and sodium diisopropylnaphthalenesulfonate (Morwet) ® IP).

[0043] Non-limiting examples of cationic dispersants include: amides and ethoxylated amides; amines (such as...) N-alkylpropyl diamine, tripropylene triamine and dipropylene tetraamine); ethoxylated amines, ethoxylated diamines and propoxylated amines (prepared from amines and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butyl oxide or mixtures thereof); amine salts such as amine acetate and diamine salts; quaternary ammonium salts such as quaternary salts, ethoxylated quaternary salts and diquaternary salts; amine oxides such as alkyl dimethylamine oxides and bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-alkylamine oxides; and combinations thereof.

[0044] Non-limiting examples of zwitterionic (ampholy) dispersants include betaine, N-alkylglycine, N-alkylpropionic acid, N-alkylaminobutyric acid, N-alkyliminodipropionic acid, N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropylglycine, N-alkyltaurine, N-alkylsarcosine, 2-alkylaminopropionic acid, and substances containing C 8-18 Alkyl aminoacetic acids and combinations thereof.

[0045] In some embodiments, the at least one dispersant is selected from sulfosuccinates, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (e.g., STEPWET DOS 70-PG), lignin sulfonates (e.g., REAX 88B or POLYFON F, Borresperse NA), naphthalene sulfonate condensates (e.g., Morwet D425, Morwet D400, Supragil MNS88), alkyl ethoxyphosphates (e.g., Dextrol OC180, Stepfac 1818K), alkyl sulfates (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate), and combinations thereof.

[0046] In some embodiments, the decoy composition comprises at least one nonionic dispersant. Non-limiting examples of nonionic surfactants include alkoxylates, fatty alcohol alkoxylates, siloxanes / silicones, alkylphenol alkoxylates, fatty acid alkoxylates, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated fatty acid amides, terminally capped alkoxylates, fatty acid esters of polyhydroxy compounds, fatty acid esters of glycerol, fatty acid esters of sorbitol, fatty acid esters of sucrose, alkyl polyglucosides, amine oxides, and combinations thereof. The alkoxy group may suitably be ethoxy, propoxy, or a combination of ethoxy and propoxy groups in a random or block configuration.

[0047] Non-limiting examples of nonionic dispersants also include: alcohol alkoxylates (such as alcohol alkoxylates based on natural and synthetic alcohols (which may be branched or straight-chain) and prepared from alcohols and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butane oxide, or mixtures thereof); amine ethoxylates, alkanolamides, and ethoxylated alkanolamides; alkoxylated triglycerides (such as ethoxylated soybean oil, castor oil, and rapeseed oil); alkylphenol alkoxylates (e.g., octyl- (such as Triton)). ® X series), Noni- (such as Tergitol) ®HP series); dinonyl- or dodecyl-); ethoxylated fatty acids; ethoxylated fatty esters and oils (such as Break Thru); ® SP 133); ethoxylated methyl esters; ethoxylated tristyrylphenols (including those prepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butane oxide, or mixtures thereof); fatty acid esters, glycerides, lanolin-based derivatives, polyethoxylated esters (such as polyethoxylated sorbitol fatty acid esters, polyethoxylated sorbitol fatty acid esters, and polyethoxylated glycerol fatty acid esters); other sorbitol derivatives such as sorbitol esters; polymer surfactants such as random copolymers, block copolymers (such as block polymers prepared from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide and trans-block polymers in which the terminal blocks are prepared from propylene oxide; ethoxylated fatty acids), alkyd PEG (polyethylene glycol) resins, alkyd copolyesters, grafted or comb-type polymers, and star-type polymers; polyethylene glycol (PEG); polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters; silicone-based surfactants; sugar derivatives such as sucrose esters, alkyl glycosides, and alkyl polysaccharides; and combinations thereof.

[0048] Non-limiting examples of nonionic dispersants also include sorbitol fatty acid esters, polyethoxylated sorbitol fatty acid esters, sorbitol ethoxylate esters, and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of sorbitol fatty acid esters include sorbitol monolaurate (e.g., Span...). TM 20) Sorbitol monopalmitate (e.g., Span TM 40) Sorbitol monostearate (e.g., Span TM 60), Sorbitol tristearate (e.g., Span TM 65), sorbitan monooleate (e.g., Span TM 80), sorbitan trioleate (e.g., Span TM 85) and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of polyethoxylated dehydrated sorbitol fatty acid esters include Tween ® 20. Tween ® 21. Tween ® 40. Tween ® 60. Tween ® 80 and Surfonic ® L24-4. Non-limiting examples of sorbitol ethoxylates suitable for use with the biocide pests described herein include polyoxyethylene sorbitol oleate (e.g., Arlatone). ® TV), polyoxyethylene sorbitan hexaoleate (e.g., Cirrasol) ® G-1086), polyoxyethylene sorbitan hexaoleate (e.g., Cirrasol)® G-1096), polyoxyethylene oleate-laurate (e.g., Atlox 1045AR) ® Polyethoxylated dehydrated sorbitol fatty acid esters and sorbitol ethoxylates having a degree of ethoxylation of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 or 80 are generally suitable.

[0049] Non-limiting examples of nonionic dispersants also include silicone dispersants. Non-limiting examples of silicone dispersants within the scope of this disclosure include: polyether siloxanes (e.g., Break Thru...). ® OE441); polyether trisiloxane (e.g., Break Thru) ® S240, Break Thru ® S233); polyoxyethylene dimethylsiloxane (e.g., Dyne-Amic) ® (Mixtures with methylated seed oils); polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane (e.g., KF-640 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.); polyoxyethylene modified polymethylsiloxane (e.g., Kinetic manufactured by Helena Chemical); polyoxyethylene propyl heptamethyltrisiloxane (e.g., Masil...). ® SF19); polyether-modified polysiloxanes (e.g., Quark (a mixture with alkylphenol ethoxylates)); hydroxypropyl heptamethyltrisiloxanes (e.g., Silflow) ® (A mixture of ethoxylated acetate, polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether acetate, and polyethylene glycol diacetate)); polyepoxide-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane (e.g., Silwet) ® L77); polyether / polymethylsiloxane copolymers (e.g., Syl-Coat) ® ); polyoxyethylene modified polydimethylsiloxane (e.g., Xiameter) ® ); polyoxypropylheptamethyltrisiloxane; siloxane / polyoxyethylene copolymers (e.g., Vestis) TM (A mixture with polyoxyethylene). In some respects, the silicone dispersant is a polyether trisiloxane, such as Break Thru. ® S240 (a mixture of polyether trisiloxane and alcohol ethoxylate (CAS 9043-30-5)), Break Thru ® S321, Break Thru ® S200, Break Thru ® OE 441, Break Thru® S278, Break Thru ® S243, Break Thru ® S233, Silwet ® L-77, Silwet ® 408, Silwet ® HS 429, Silwet ® HS 312, Silwet ® Y-12808, Silwet ® L-7607, Silwet ® L-7602, Silwet ® L-7210, Silwet ® L-7002, Silwet ® L-720 and Silwet ® L-7200, Sylgard ® 309 and Silibase ® 2848 and its combinations.

[0050] In some embodiments, the nonionic dispersant may comprise at least one alcohol alkoxylate surfactant, at least one alkylphenol alkoxylate surfactant, or at least a seed oil alkoxylate surfactant (e.g., Ecosurf). ® SA-4, Ecosurf ® SA-7, Ecosurf ® SA-9 and Ecosurf ® SA-15), at least one alkylamine alkoxylated surfactant, at least one tallow amine alkoxylated surfactant, at least one fatty acid alkoxylated surfactant, and combinations thereof. In some aspects, the alkoxylated compound may be end-capped. Alcohol alkoxylated compounds typically comprise a hydrophobic alkyl chain attached to a hydrophilic alkoxy chain via an ether bond and have the general formula R-(OC). 2-4 ) n -OH. R can be C 6-18 Straight-chain or branched alkyl groups. Alkyl group (OC) 2-4 The alkoxy group can be ethoxy, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, or tert-butyl. In some aspects, the alkoxy moiety can be a block copolymer of polymerized ethoxy and polymerized propoxy or polymerized butoxy, and n can suitably be an integer from 2 to 100. Suitable alcohol alkoxylates include straight-chain alcohol alkoxylates, branched-chain alcohol alkoxylates, secondary alcohol alkoxylates, and mixtures thereof. Non-limiting examples of alcohol alkoxylates include: Plurafac ® SL-42 (C 6-10-(PO)3(EO)6); Plurafac ® SL-62 (C 6-10 -(PO)3(EO)8); the general structure is Guerbet C 10 -(PO) a (EO) b Lutensol ® XL series, including but not limited to Lutensol ® XL-40, Lutensol ® XL-50, Lutensol ® XL-60, Lutensol ® XL-70, Lutensol ® XL-79, Lutensol ® XL-80, Lutensol ® XL-89, Lutensol ® XL-90, Lutensol ® XL-99, Lutensol ® XL-100 and Lutensol ® XL-140; General structure is Guerbet C 10 -(EO) a Lutensol ® XP series, including but not limited to Lutensol ® XP-40, Lutensol ® XP-50, Lutensol ® XP-60, Lutensol ® XP-70, Lutensol ® XP-79, Lutensol ® XP-80, Lutensol ® XP-89, Lutensol ® XP-90, Lutensol ® XP-99, Lutensol ® XP-100; General structure is oxo-C 10 -(EO) a Lutensol ® ON series, including but not limited to Lutensol ® ON-30, Lutensol ® ON-50, Lutensol ® ON-60, Lutensol ® ON-70, Lutensol® ON-80, Lutensol ® ON-110; the general structure is oxo-C 13 / 15 -(EO) a Lutensol ® AO series, including but not limited to Lutensol ® AO-3, Lutensol ® AO-5, Lutensol ® AO-7, Lutensol ® AO-79, Lutensol ® AO-8, Lutensol ® AO-11; its general structure is oxo-C 13 -(EO) a Lutensol ® TO series, including but not limited to Lutensol ® TO-6, Lutensol ® TO-65, Lutensol ® TO-7, Lutensol ® TO-79, Lutensol ® TO-8, Lutensol ® TO-89, Lutensol ® TO-10, Lutensol ® TO-109, Lutensol ® TO-12, Lutensol ® TO-129, Lutensol ® TO-15, Lutensol ® TO-20; the general structure is oxo-C. 11- C 14 -RichC 13 (EO) a Lutensol ® TDA series, including but not limited to Lutensol ® TDA-6, Lutensol ® TDA 8, Lutensol ® TDA-9, Lutensol ® TDA-10; the general structure is 2-ethylhexyl (PO). m (EO) n Ecosurf ® EH series, including Ecosurf ® EH-3, Ecosurf ®EH-6 and Ecosurf ® EH-9; Ecosurf ® SA series, including Ecosurf ® SA-4 (C 6-12 -(PO) 3-4 (EO)4), Ecosurf ® SA-7 (C 6-12 -(PO) 3-4 (EO)7) and Ecosurf ® SA-9 (C 6-12 -(PO) 3-4 (EO)9); Tergitol ® 15-S-3, Tergitol ® 15-S-5, Tergitol ® 15-S-7, Tergitol ® 15-S-9, Tergitol ® 15-S-12, Tergitol ® 15-S-15, Tergitol ® 15-S-20, Tergitol ® 15-S-30 and Tergitol ® 15-S-40; Tergitol ® L-61, Tergitol ® L-62, Tergitol ® L-64, Tergitol ® L-81 and Tergitol ® L-101; Tergitol ® TMN-3, Tergitol ® TMN-6 and Tergitol ® TMN-10 and its combinations.

[0051] In some embodiments, the nonionic dispersant may comprise at least one polymeric surfactant. Polymer surfactants are classified into several classes, including but not limited to block copolymers, random copolymers, graft copolymers, and star polymers. Non-limiting examples of polymeric monomer units include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, acrylic acid, styrene, methacrylic acid, hydroxystearate, and esters (e.g., alkyds). Examples include, but are not limited to, EO / PO block copolymers, acrylic acid / styrene copolymers, methacrylic acid copolymers, polyhydroxystearate derivatives, alkyd PEG resin derivatives, and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of block copolymers include Atlas TM G-5000 and Atlas TMG-5002L (butyl block copolymer). A non-limiting example of a graft copolymer is Atlox. ® 4913 (a methyl methacrylate graft copolymer backbone from which PEG extends). In some aspects, the nonionic surfactant component contains Atlox. ® 4913. In some respects, the nonionic surfactant component contains Atlas TM G-5000. In some respects, the nonionic surfactant component contains Atlox. ® 4913, Atlas TM G-5000 and Lutensol ® TDA 6.

[0052] In some embodiments, the bait composition comprises at least one nonionic dispersant selected from graft polymers, acrylic acid graft copolymers (e.g., ATLOX 4913), polymethyl methacrylate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymers (e.g., STEP-FLOW 4000), alkyl glycosides, C 9-11 Alkyl polyglucosides (e.g., AGNIQUE PG9116), C 8-10 Alkyl polyglucosides (e.g., AGNIQUE PG 8107), polyvinylpyrrolidone (e.g., PVP K-30, PVP60, PVP 90), polyepoxide block copolymers, polyepoxide glycol ethers (e.g., Atlas G5000), butyl polyepoxide block copolymers (e.g., TOXIMUL 8330, Emulsogen EP4910), alkyl ethoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates (e.g., Sorprophor BSU, Markon TSP), and combinations thereof.

[0053] Typically, the at least one biocidal ingredient may comprise any suitable biocidal ingredient known in the art that contributes to a bait composition. In some embodiments, the bait composition comprises one or more pest control agents selected from insecticides, herbicides, biocides, nematicides, bactericides, and fungicides. General references to these pest control agents (i.e., insecticides, fungicides, nematicides, acaricides, herbicides, and biological agents) include... The Pesticide Manual[Manual of Pest Control Agents] , 13th Edition Edited by Tomlin, CDS, British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, Surrey, UK, 2003 and The BioPesticide Manual[Biological Pest Control Agent Manual] , 2nd Edition, LG Copping, editor, Crop Protection Council, Surrey, 2001.

[0054] In some embodiments, the bioactive ingredient is selected from suicidal insecticides, nematicides, biological pest control agents, and combinations thereof.

[0055] In some embodiments, the bioactive ingredient comprises an insecticide. In some embodiments, the insecticide is a diamide selected from chlorantraniliprole, broflanilide, tetrachlorantraniliprole, broflanilide, dichlorantraniliprole, tetrazolium acetamiprid, cyclobromhizometrazine, chlorfluazuron, flufenoxuron, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the insecticide is broflanilide.

[0056] In some embodiments, the composition comprises a pest-killing bioactive ingredient selected from: abamectin, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenapyr, acetamiprid, flufenoxuron, and cyclopropanecarbamate (cyclopropanecarbamate [(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-6,12-dihydroxy-4,6a,12b-trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(3-pyridyl)-2H,11H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrano[3,4-e]pyran-4-yl]methyl ester). Sulfamethrin, amitraz, avermectin, azadirachtin, phosmet, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, pyrimethanil, bifenthrin, κ-bifenthrin, bifenazate, tebufenozide, chlorfenapyr, borate, bromonitrile dimethoate, thiamethoxam, thion, carbofuran, carbofuran, pyrimethanil, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, difenoconazole, chloroprallethrin, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-e, methyl chlorpyrifos, cyclofenozide, tetradifon, d-trans-chloroprallethrin, thiamethoxam, bromocyanamide (3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6- [(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cyclobromofenac (3-bromo-N-[2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[[(1-cyclopropylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cypermethrin, cyclopyridine ((5S,8R)-1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-9-nitro-5,8-epoxy-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]azapyr), pyridaben, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, β-cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr, trifluralin, γ-cypermethrin - Cypermethrin, λ-cypermethrin, cypermethrin, α-cypermethrin, ζ-cypermethrin, cyromazine, deltamethrin, difenoconazole, diazinon, dichlorvos, dieldrin, diflubenzuron, tetrafluoromethrin, cartap, dimethoate, fenpropathrin, fipronil, benzyl benzoate, emamectin, cypermethrin benzoate, endosulfan, fenvalerate, acetamiprid, permethrin, ε-methoxybenzylflupyr, etoxazole, fenbutatin, fenitrothion, fenthiocarb, fenoxycarb, cypermethrin, fipronil, flumetoquinone (2-ethyl-3,7-Dimethyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]-4-quinolinylmethyl ester), flupyradifurone, trifluralinamide, flufenoxuron, cypermethrin, pyrimethanil, flufenoxuron, methyl 2-[[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)phenylacetate, sulfadiazine (5-chloro-2-[(3,4,4-trifluoro-3-buten-1-yl)sulfonyl]thiazole), fluhexafon, fluopyram, fluopyram (role) (1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-[(2-methyl-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazol-3-carboxylonitrile), flupyrfluranone (4-[[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino]-2(5H)-furanone), flupyriminin, lambda-cyhalothrin, t-flupyrfluranone, fluoxazolamide, terbufos, thiamethoxam, thiazophos, γ-trifluorocypermethrin, chlorfenapyr , heptamethrin (2,2-dimethyl-3-[(1Z)-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propen-1-yl]cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl ester), flufenoxuron, thiamethoxam, flufenoxuron, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, insecticidal soap, isopropylamine, isoxaflutamide, κ-heptamethrin, λ-trifluorocypermethrin, lufenuron, malathion, meperfluthrin ((1R,3S)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate, cyfluthrin, metaldehyde, methamidophos, chlorpyrifos, thiophanate-methyl, methomyl, tebufenozide, methoxybenzylfluthrin, methoxyfenozide, ε-methoxybenzylfluthrin, ε-cyhalothrin, phosmet, pyrethroids (3-(2-cyano-1-propen-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate [2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate), nicotine, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, flufenoxuron, polyfluorourea, etc. N -[1,1-Dimethyl-2-(methylthio)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2 H -Indazole-4-carboxamide, N -[1,1-Dimethyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2 H -Indazole-4-carboxamide, N -[1,1-Dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2 H-Indazole-4-carboxamide, N-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide and N -[1-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]-2-(3-pyridyl)-2 H -Indazole-4-carboxamide, chlorpyrifos, oxazosulfyl, parathion, methyl parathion, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosmet, phosmet, pymetrozine, propargite, propargite, propargite, propargite, pyrethroid, pyrfluperamide (1,3,5-trimethyl-N-(2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-N-[3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methoxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide) amide), pymetrozine, pyridaben, pyrethroid, pyridaben, acetamiprid, pyrifluquinazon, pyrimethanil ((αE)-2-[[[2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)amino]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]oxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)phenylacetic acid methyl ester), fluopyram, pyrazosulfan, pyriproxyfen, rotenone, ranylamine, flusilazole, ethyl spinosad, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spirodiclofen, methoxypiperidine ethyl ester, spirotetramat, thiophanate-methyl, flonicamid Nitriles (N-[methyloxy[1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]ethyl]-λ4-thionyl]cyanamide), tebufenozide, pyridaben, flufenoxuron, heptafluthrin, κ-heptafluthrin, terbufos, tetrachlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr, methamidophos, tetrafluoroethylene (2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid [2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl ester), tetrazolium, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, thiodicarb, cartap, thiazolyl... Tioxazafen (3-phenyl-5-(2-thienyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole), acetamiprid, tetrabromopyrethrin, pymetrozine, trichlorfon, trifluoropyrimidine (2,4-dioxo-1-(5-pyrimidinylmethyl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinium endonium salt), chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, zeylebium δ-endotoxin, entomopathogenic bacteria, entomopathogenic viruses, entomopathogenic fungi, and combinations thereof.

[0057] In some embodiments, the composition comprises a bioactive fungicide selected from the following: acibenzolar-S-methyl, aldimorph, azoxystrobin, aminopyrifen, indoxamyl, fenbendazole, azaconazole, pyraclostrobin, benzalkonium chloride (including fenbendazole), fenbendazole, benzalkonium chloride (including benzalkonium chloride isopropyl ester), benzovindiflubenzuron, bethoxazin, chlorfenapyr, biphenyl, bifenthrin, bifenpyraclostrobin, blasticidin-S, boscalid, furazolidone, ethirimol. Bupirimate, Butylthionine, Carbendazim, Cyclopropionylimide, Captan, Carbendazim, Chloroneb, Chlorothalonil, Chlozolinate, Copper hydroxide, Copper oxychloride, Copper sulfate, Eugenol, Cyazofamid, Cyfluthrin, Cyclofenac, Cyclopyralid, Azoxystrobin, Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Diclofenac, Diclomezine, Dicloran, Dietofencarb, Difenoconazole, Diflumetorim ), dimethirimol, dimethomorph, fenamidone, tebuconazole (including diniconazole-M), difenoconazole, dipymetitrone, dithianon, dithiopental, dodecyl morpholine, doxycycline, econazole, ethoxycycline, enoxastrobin (also known as enestroburin), flutriafol, ethaboxam, ethirimol, etridiazole, oxadiazon, fenamidone, fenamidone, chlorfenapyr. Pyridoxine, cyproconazole, methomylamide, fenhexamide, fenoxanil, seed dressing agent, fenpicoxamid, fenpropidin, butylmorpholine, amidopyrone, triphenyltin acetate, triphenyltin hydroxide, ferram, ferimzone, fometoquin, florylpicoxamid, fluazinam, fluazinam, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, fluindapyr, flumorpholine, fluopicolide, fluopicolide,Fluoxapiprolin, flupyraclostrobin, fluquinazole, flusilazole, flusulfamide, flutolanil, fenbendazole, fluopyram, captan, fthalide (also known as phthalide), wheat fungicide, furalaxyl, furapyramide, hexaconazole, hymexazole, guazatine, imazalil, iminoctadine albesilate, iminoctadine octylbenzene sulfonate Triacetate, inpyrfluxam, thiophanate-methyl, tebuconazole, ipfentrifluconazole, ipflufenoquin, iprobenfos, iprobenfos, propineb, isoflavone, isoflavone, isopyrazam, isoflavone, kasugamycin, azoxystrobin, lancotrione, mancozeb, mandipropamid, mandeoxystrobin Trobin), Mancozeb, Mapanipyrin, Chlorfluazuron, Meptyldinocap, Metalaxyl (including Mefenoxam), Effluzazole, Methasulfuron-methyl, Mancozeb, Fenoxynil, Metyltetraprole, Benomyl, Cyazofamid, Naftitine, Ferrous Methylarsinate, Flufenoxuron, Octathione, Furazolidone, Oxadixyl, Oxathiapiprolin, Oxolinic Acid Acid), oxpoconazole, oxytetracycline, tebuconazole, pencycuron, fluopyram, penthiophanate-methyl, perfurazoate, phosphorous acid (including its salts, e.g., aluminum fosetyl-aluminum), azoxystrobin, piperalin, polyoxin, thiamethoxam, prochloraz, iprodione, cymoxanil, propiconazole, zinc methyl thiophanate, proquinazid, prothiocarb, prothioconazole, adepidyn®, azoxystrobin, pyrametostrobinPyrapropoyne, azoxystrobin, pyraziflumid, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyributacarb, pyridachlometyl, pyrifenox, pyriofenone, perisoxazole, pyrimethanil, pyrrolnitrin, pyroquilon, fluquinazole, quinmethionate, quinofumelin, quinoxal, pentachloronitrol Benzene, silthiofam, sedaxane, simeconazole, spirocycline, streptomycin, sulfur, tebuconazole, isobutylethoxyquin, teclofthalam, tecloftalam, tetrachloronitrobenzene, terbinafine, tetraflufenicol, thifenzazole, thifluzamide, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, thiamethoxam, methyl thiophanate, tolprocarb, toluenesulfonamide, triadimefon, triadimefon, pyraclostrobin, triazoloxide, basic copper sulfate, chlorpyrifos, tridemorph, azoxystrobin, fluopyram, trimoprhamide Tricyclazole, azoxystrobin, cyproconazole, fenbendazole, uniconazole, valerate (also known as valerate), vinclozolin, zineb, thiram, zoxamide, 1-[4-[4-[5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-isoxazolyl]-2-thiazolyl]-1-piperidinyl]-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1, H [-pyrazole-1-yl] ethyl ketone and combinations thereof.

[0058] In some embodiments, the composition comprises a pest-killing bioactive ingredient selected from herbicides, including: cyclohexenone oxime ethers, such as quizalofop-p-ethyl, clethodim, cloproxydim, thiamethoxam, haloxyfop-methyl, butylbenzyl, cyclobenzyl, or pyranoben; phenoxyphenoxypropionates, such as quizalofop-p-ethyl, cyhalofop-p-ethyl, quizalofop-p-ethyl, oxazolidinone, quizalofop-p-ethyl, pyrfluthrin, quizalofop-p-ethyl, flupyrfluthrin, flupyrfluthrin, isoxaflutole, quizalofop-p-ethyl, quizalofop-p-ethyl, quizalofop-p-ethyl, or quizalofop-p-ethyl; arylaminopropionates, such as methyl methacrylate or methyl methacrylate; and acetyllactate synthase inhibitors (ALS). Examples of herbicides include: methyl imidacloprid, imidazoline, methyl imidacloprid, methoxyimidacloprid, methyl imidacloprid, or imidazoline; pyrimidinyl ethers, such as pyrimethanil, pyrimethanil sodium, bispyribac sodium, KIH-6127, or pyribenzoxym; sulfonamides, such as diflubenzuron, pyrazosulfuron, or sulfadiazon; sulfonylureas, such as pyrimisulfuron, tetrazolium-sulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorpyrisulfuron, chlorsulfuron, ethersulfuron, cyprosulfuron, acesulfuron, pyrimisulfuron, chlorpyrisulfuron, chlorpyrisulfuron, imidazosulfuron, mesosulfuron, nicosulfuron, flusulfuron, flusulfuron, pyrimisulfuron, sulfonylsulfuron, mesosulfuron, thifensulfuron, ethersulfuron, and bensulfuron. Flusulfuron, triflusulfuron, sulfonylsulfuron, formamide sulfuron, or iodosulfuron; amides, such as dipropionylamine (CDAA), fenvalerate, bromobutyroxychloride, cyhalothrin, ethoxybenzylamine, fluthiamethoxam, phosmet, or heptamethrin; plant growth hormone herbicides, such as pyridinecarboxylic acid, such as picaridin or chlorpyrifos; 2,4-D or glyphosate; plant growth hormone transport inhibitors, such as naphazoline or diflupyrone; carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors, such as imidacloprid, isoxaflutole (dimethoprim), pyrfluthrin, flurfluthrin, flupyrazothrin, pyrazothrin, bensulfuron, isoxaflutole, isoxaflutole, mesotrione, sulcotrion. (e / chlormesulone), ketoxam, furazolidone, dapoxetine, or chlorpyrifos; enolpyruvate-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors (EPSPS), such as glyphosate or glyphosate; glutamine synthase inhibitors, such as bilanafos / bialaphos or glufosinate; lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, such as anilines, such as barnyardgrass or bensulfuron-methyl; chloroacetanilides, such as s-xylenol, S-xylenol, acetochlor, metolachlor, butachlor, butenazol, acetochlor, metolachlor, pyrazochlor, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, propachlor, dapoxetine, propargyl, terbutaline, thifenazol, or xylazol.Thioureas, such as sulfadiazine, glyphosate, oat chlorpyrifos, piperazine, EPTC, pendimethalin, sulfadiazine, chlorpyrifos, benthiocarb, fenbendazole, or fenpyroximate; or furazolidone or fenpyroximate; mitotic inhibitors, such as sulfadiazine, diflubenzuron, chlorfenapyr, fenpyroximate, fenpyroximate, diflubenzuron, or diflubenzuron; dinitroanilines, such as fluazinam, terbufos, dichlorvos, chlorfluazine, amosulfuron, pendimethalin, amofluazine, or trifluralin; pyridines, such as flusulfuron or thiamethoxam; phosmet, dichlorvos (DCPA), maleic acid hydrazine; Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitors, such as trifluralin, trifluralin sodium, bensulfuron, methyl chlorpyrifos, chlomitrofen (CNP), fluroxypyr, trifluralin, ethoxysulfuron, flufenoxuron, furoxynil, quizalofop-P-ethyl, chlorpyrifos, trifluralin, or ethoxysulfuron; oxadiazoles, such as propyzoxystrobin or oxadiazole; cyclic imides, such as pyrazosulfuron, flupropyzoxystrobin, triadimefon, indole-methyl, flufenoxuron, propyzoxystrobin, clodinafop-propyzamide, flupyrazostrobin, methyl methazine, mesotrione, or thiamethoxam; pyrazoles, such as ET-751.JV. 485 or fluchlorfon; photosynthesis inhibitors, such as propargite, pyridafol, or pyridazine; benzothiadiazinones, such as bentazon; dinitrophenols, such as bromophenol oxime, diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron-acetate, terfenadine, or DNOC; bipyridines, such as glyphosate-chloride, fenvalerate-methyl sulfate, diquat, or paraquat-dichloride; ureas, such as chlorobromopropylate, chlormequat, oxazol, diuron, sulfathiazole, fenugreek, fenflur, isoproturon, isoxaflutole, linuron, methylbenzylthiazoline, metribuzin, pyranolol, methoxyfenozide, chlorfluazin, cyclohexane, or butyron; phenols, such as bromobenzonitrile or iodobenzyl. Nitriles; chlorpyrifos; triazines, such as atrazine, cypermethrin, desmein, dimethoate, cyclomethazine, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, simazine, chlorpyrifos, terbufos, terbufos, terbufos, or terbufos; triazinones, such as fenazate or fenpyrazosulfuron; uracils, such as chlorpyrifos, cyclomethonium, or terbufos; or dicarboxylate esters, such as betaine or betaine acetonitrile; synergists, such as metribuzin; CIS cell wall synthesis inhibitors, such as isoxaflutole or dichlorvos; dichloropropionic acid esters, such as cypermethrin; dihydrobenzofurans, such as ethoxyfuran; phenylacetic acid esters, such as fenac.Or azoxystrobin, oat oxychloride, flubutyrazole, s-flubutyrazole, dimethoate, benzylthion, benzofluor, bixlozone, buminafos, buminafone, clodinafone, chlorpyrifos, oat ester, calcitriol, cyclohexane, cumyluron, atrazine, cyprodinium, tricyclosporine, dibenzyluron, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-ethyl, chlorpyrifos, ethazine Herbicides including: flubentranil, flufensulfuron, flubentranil, flumetsulam, isoflex, isoflurane, termethrin, flusulfanilamide, metribuzin, fenfluridine, diflubenzuron, oxadiazon, styraclostrobin, cyclomethrin, piperazine, cyprofen, cyproflufenoxam, rimisoxamid, methyl parathion, CDEC, termethrin, triazine, triazole carbendazim, or trimethylbenzyl; their environmentally compatible salts; and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the herbicide is selected from the group consisting of: flubutyrazole, s-flubutyrazole, flubutyridine, dichloroisoxamid, isoflurane, isoflurane, bensulfuron, and combinations thereof.

[0059] In some embodiments, the composition comprises a pest-killing bioactive ingredient selected from nematicides, including fluopyram, spirotetramat, thiamethoxam, thiazophos, abamectin, iprodione, sulfadiazine, dimethyl disulfide, thiazoxafen, 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), fenamiphos (sodium and potassium), dazomet, chloropicrin, fenamiphos, fenamiphos, cadusaphos, terbufos, imidacloprid, carbofuran, thiazoxafen, and Bacillus thuringiensis. Bacillus firmus ), Pasteurella multocida ( Pasteuria nishizawae (and combinations thereof). A non-limiting example of a bactericide is streptomycin. Additional non-limiting examples of acaricides include amitraz, dicofol, ethyl chlorpyrifos, cyhexatin, trichlorfon, chlorfenapyr, etoxazole, quinclorac, fenbutatin, cypermethrin, azoxystrobin, thiamethoxam, dicofol, pyridaben, pyridaben, and combinations thereof.

[0060] Typically, the at least one bioactive ingredient that kills pests can be present in any suitable amount known in the art to contribute to bait compositions. In some embodiments, the at least one bioactive ingredient is present in amounts of at least about 0.05 wt%, at least about 0.10 wt%, at least about 0.15 wt%, at least about 0.20 wt%, 0.25 wt%, at least about 0.30 wt%, 0.35 wt%, at least about 0.40 wt%, at least about 0.45 wt%, at least about 0.50 wt%, at least about 0.55 wt%, at least about 0.60 wt%, at least about 0.65 wt%, at least about 0.70 wt%, at least about 0.75 wt%, at least about 0.80 wt%, at least about 0.85 wt%, at least about 0.90 wt%, at least about 0.95 wt%, at least about 1.0 wt%, at least about 1.05 wt%, at least about 1.1 wt%, at least about 1.15 wt%, at least about 1.2 wt%, at least about 1.25 wt%, at least about 1.3 wt%, at least about 1.35 wt%. It is present in amounts of at least about 1.4 wt%, at least about 1.45 wt%, at least about 1.5 wt%, at least about 1.55 wt%, at least about 1.6 wt%, at least about 1.65 wt%, at least about 1.7 wt%, at least about 1.75 wt%, at least about 1.8 wt%, at least about 1.85 wt%, at least about 1.9 wt%, or at least about 1.95 wt%. In some embodiments, the at least one bioactive ingredient is present in amounts of up to about 0.10 wt%, up to about 0.15 wt%, up to about 0.20 wt%, 0.25 wt%, up to about 0.30 wt%, 0.35 wt%, up to about 0.40 wt%, up to about 0.45 wt%, up to about 0.50 wt%, up to about 0.55 wt%, up to about 0.60 wt%, up to about 0.65 wt%, up to about 0.70 wt%, up to about 0.75 wt%, up to about 0.80 wt%, up to about 0.85 wt%, up to about 0.90 wt%, up to about 0.95 wt%, up to about 1.0 wt%, up to about 1.05 wt%, up to about 1.1 wt%, up to about 1.15 wt%, up to about 1.2 wt%, up to about 1.25 wt%. It is present in amounts of up to about 1.3 wt%, up to about 1.35 wt%, up to about 1.4 wt%, up to about 1.45 wt%, up to about 1.5 wt%, up to about 1.55 wt%, up to about 1.6 wt%, up to about 1.65 wt%, up to about 1.7 wt%, up to about 1.75 wt%, up to about 1.8 wt%, up to about 1.85 wt%, up to about 1.9 wt%, up to about 1.95 wt%, or up to about 2.0 wt%.

[0061] In some embodiments, the at least one bioactive ingredient is present in an amount ranging from about 0.10 wt% to about 0.70 wt%.

[0062] Optionally, one or more additional additives may be combined with the aqueous spray mixture produced according to this disclosure. Examples of such additives include, for example, but not limited to, safeners (as described elsewhere herein), dispersants (as described elsewhere herein), surfactants (as described elsewhere herein), oils (e.g., crop oil concentrates and / or methylated seed oils), nitrogen-based fertilizers (e.g., ammonium sulfate and / or urea ammonium nitrate), defoamers, suspending agents, buffers, conditioners or water softeners, sedimentation agents (adhesives), drift control agents, and colorants.

[0063] In some embodiments, the bait composition comprises at least one adjuvant selected from defoamers, antifreeze agents, biocides, and combinations thereof.

[0064] In some embodiments, the at least one bait comprises a component selected from feeding attractants, attractants, sugar attractants, ammonia, ammonium salts, hydrolyzed proteins, plant proteins, hydrolyzed plant proteins, yeast proteins, hydrolyzed yeast proteins, animal proteins, hydrolyzed animal proteins, and combinations thereof.

[0065] In some embodiments, the at least one bait does not contain animal protein or hydrolyzed animal protein. In some embodiments, the at least one bait is inherently free of animal protein or hydrolyzed animal protein.

[0066] In some embodiments, the at least one bait comprises plant protein. Suitable plant proteins are those that have attractant and feeding stimulant properties. In some embodiments, the at least one bait comprises corn steep liquor. In some embodiments, the at least one bait comprises corn protein in an amount ranging from about 2 wt% to about 80 wt%.

[0067] Typically, the at least one feeding attractant may include any suitable feeding attractant known in the art that contributes to the bait composition. In some embodiments, the at least one feeding attractant comprises corn steep liquor. In some embodiments, the at least one feeding attractant comprises hydrolyzed protein. In some embodiments, the at least one feeding attractant comprises sugar.

[0068] Typically, the at least one feeding attractant can be present in any suitable amount known in the art to contribute to a bait composition. In some embodiments, the at least one feeding attractant is present in an amount of at least about 50 wt%, at least about 55 wt%, at least about 60 wt%, at least about 65 wt%, at least about 70 wt%, or at least about 75 wt%. In some embodiments, the at least one feeding attractant is present in an amount of at most about 55 wt%, at most about 60 wt%, at most about 65 wt%, at most about 70 wt%, at most about 75 wt%, or at most about 80 wt%.

[0069] In some embodiments, the at least one feeding attractant is present in an amount ranging from about 55 wt% to about 80 wt%.

[0070] Typically, the at least one attractant may include any suitable attractant known in the art that contributes to the bait composition. In some embodiments, the at least one attractant comprises corn syrup.

[0071] Typically, the at least one attractant can be present in any suitable amount known in the art to contribute to a bait composition. In some embodiments, the at least one attractant is present in amounts of at least about 0.10 wt%, at least about 0.15 wt%, at least about 0.20 wt%, at least about 0.25 wt%, at least about 0.30 wt%, at least about 0.35 wt%, at least about 0.40 wt%, at least about 0.45 wt%, at least about 0.50 wt%, at least about 0.55 wt%, at least about 0.60 wt%, at least about 0.65 wt%, at least about 0.70 wt%, at least about 0.75 wt%, at least about 0.80 wt%, at least about 0.85 wt%, at least about 0.90 wt%, at least about 0.95 wt%, at least about 1.0 wt%, at least about 1.1 wt%, at least about 1.2 wt%, at least about 1.3 wt%, at least about 1.4 wt%, at least about 1.5 wt%, at least about 1.6 wt%, at least about 1.7 wt%, at least about 1.8 wt%, at least about 1.9 wt%. It is present in amounts of at least about 2.0 wt%, at least about 2.1 wt%, at least about 2.2 wt%, at least about 2.3 wt%, at least about 2.4 wt%, at least about 2.5 wt%, at least about 2.6 wt%, at least about 2.7 wt%, at least about 2.8 wt%, at least about 2.9 wt%, at least about 3.0 wt%, at least about 3.1 wt%, at least about 3.2 wt%, at least about 3.3 wt%, at least about 3.4 wt%, at least about 3.5 wt%, at least about 3.6 wt%, at least about 3.7 wt%, at least about 3.8 wt%, or at least about 3.9 wt%.In some embodiments, the at least one attractant is present in amounts of up to about 0.15 wt%, up to about 0.20 wt%, up to about 0.25 wt%, up to about 0.30 wt%, up to about 0.35 wt%, up to about 0.40 wt%, up to about 0.45 wt%, up to about 0.50 wt%, up to about 0.55 wt%, up to about 0.60 wt%, up to about 0.65 wt%, up to about 0.70 wt%, up to about 0.75 wt%, up to about 0.80 wt%, up to about 0.85 wt%, up to about 0.90 wt%, up to about 0.95 wt%, up to about 1.0 wt%, up to about 1.1 wt%, up to about 1.2 wt%, up to about 1.3 wt%, up to about 1.4 wt%, up to about 1.5 wt%, up to about 1.6 wt%, up to about 1.7 wt%. It is present in amounts of up to about 1.8 wt%, up to about 1.9 wt%, up to about 2.0 wt%, up to about 2.1 wt%, up to about 2.2 wt%, up to about 2.3 wt%, up to about 2.4 wt%, up to about 2.5 wt%, up to about 2.6 wt%, up to about 2.7 wt%, up to about 2.8 wt%, up to about 2.9 wt%, up to about 3.0 wt%, up to about 3.1 wt%, up to about 3.2 wt%, up to about 3.3 wt%, up to about 3.4 wt%, up to about 3.5 wt%, up to about 3.6 wt%, up to about 3.7 wt%, up to about 3.8 wt%, up to about 3.9 wt%, or up to about 4.0 wt%.

[0072] In some embodiments, the at least one attractant is present in an amount of up to about 0.55 wt%, up to about 0.60 wt%, up to about 0.65 wt%, up to about 0.70 wt%, up to about 0.75 wt%, up to about 0.80 wt%, up to about 0.85 wt%, or up to about 0.90 wt%.

[0073] In some embodiments, the at least one sugar attractant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.50 wt% to about 0.90 wt%.

[0074] Typically, the at least one ammonium salt may comprise any suitable ammonium salt known in the art that contributes to the bait composition. In some embodiments, the at least one ammonium salt is selected from ammonium acetate, ammonium citrate, ammonium tartrate, ammonium lactate, water-soluble ammonium salts of fatty acids, and combinations thereof.

[0075] Typically, the at least one ammonium salt can be present in any suitable amount known in the art to contribute to a decoy composition.

[0076] In some embodiments, the at least one ammonium salt is present in amounts of at least about 0.10 wt%, at least about 0.15 wt%, at least about 0.20 wt%, at least about 0.25 wt%, at least about 0.30 wt%, at least about 0.35 wt%, at least about 0.40 wt%, at least about 0.45 wt%, at least about 0.50 wt%, at least about 0.55 wt%, at least about 0.60 wt%, at least about 0.65 wt%, at least about 0.70 wt%, at least about 0.75 wt%, at least about 0.80 wt%, at least about 0.85 wt%, at least about 0.90 wt%, at least about 0.95 wt%, at least about 1.0 wt%, at least about 1.1 wt%, at least about 1.2 wt%, at least about 1.3 wt%, at least about 1.4 wt%, at least about 1.5 wt%, at least about 1.6 wt%, at least about 1.7 wt%, at least about 1.8 wt%, or at least about 1.9 wt%. It exists in wt%. In some embodiments, the at least one ammonium salt is present in amounts of up to about 0.15 wt%, up to about 0.20 wt%, up to about 0.25 wt%, up to about 0.30 wt%, up to about 0.35 wt%, up to about 0.40 wt%, up to about 0.45 wt%, up to about 0.50 wt%, up to about 0.55 wt%, up to about 0.60 wt%, up to about 0.65 wt%, up to about 0.70 wt%, up to about 0.75 wt%, up to about 0.80 wt%, up to about 0.85 wt%, up to about 0.90 wt%, up to about 0.95 wt%, up to about 1.0 wt%, up to about 1.1 wt%, up to about 1.2 wt%, up to about 1.3 wt%, up to about 1.4 wt%, up to about 1.5 wt%, up to about 1.6 wt%, up to about 1.7 wt%. It is present in amounts of wt%, up to about 1.8 wt%, up to about 1.9 wt%, or up to about 2.0 wt%.

[0077] In some embodiments, the at least one ammonium salt is present in an amount of at least about 0.50 wt%, at least about 0.55 wt%, at least about 0.60 wt%, at least about 0.65 wt%, at least about 0.70 wt%, at least about 0.75 wt%, at least about 0.80 wt%, or at least about 0.85 wt%. In some embodiments, the at least one ammonium salt is present in an amount of at most about 0.55 wt%, at most about 0.60 wt%, at most about 0.65 wt%, at most about 0.70 wt%, at most about 0.75 wt%, at most about 0.80 wt%, at most about 0.85 wt%, or at most about 0.90 wt%.

[0078] In some embodiments, the at least one ammonium salt is present in an amount ranging from about 0.50 wt% to about 0.90 wt%.

[0079] In some embodiments, ammonia is present in amounts of at least about 0.10 wt%, at least about 0.15 wt%, at least about 0.20 wt%, at least about 0.25 wt%, at least about 0.30 wt%, at least about 0.35 wt%, at least about 0.40 wt%, at least about 0.45 wt%, at least about 0.50 wt%, at least about 0.55 wt%, at least about 0.60 wt%, at least about 0.65 wt%, at least about 0.70 wt%, at least about 0.75 wt%, at least about 0.80 wt%, at least about 0.85 wt%, at least about 0.90 wt%, at least about 0.95 wt%, at least about 1.0 wt%, at least about 1.1 wt%, at least about 1.2 wt%, at least about 1.3 wt%, at least about 1.4 wt%, at least about 1.5 wt%, at least about 1.6 wt%, at least about 1.7 wt%, at least about 1.8 wt%, or at least about 1.9 wt%. It exists in wt%. In some embodiments, ammonia is present in amounts of up to about 0.15 wt%, up to about 0.20 wt%, up to about 0.25 wt%, up to about 0.30 wt%, up to about 0.35 wt%, up to about 0.40 wt%, up to about 0.45 wt%, up to about 0.50 wt%, up to about 0.55 wt%, up to about 0.60 wt%, up to about 0.65 wt%, up to about 0.70 wt%, up to about 0.75 wt%, up to about 0.80 wt%, up to about 0.85 wt%, up to about 0.90 wt%, up to about 0.95 wt%, up to about 1.0 wt%, up to about 1.1 wt%, up to about 1.2 wt%, up to about 1.3 wt%, up to about 1.4 wt%, up to about 1.5 wt%, up to about 1.6 wt%, up to about 1.7 wt%. It is present in amounts of wt%, up to about 1.8 wt%, up to about 1.9 wt%, or up to about 2.0 wt%.

[0080] In some embodiments, the bait composition is an agricultural chemical composition. In some embodiments, the bait composition is in the form of a premix and a barrel mix. In some embodiments, the bait composition is in the form of a premix. In some embodiments, the bait composition is a sprayable composition.

[0081] In some embodiments, the bait composition can control phytophagous insects. Phytophagous insects are invertebrate pests that damage plants by feeding, such as by eating twigs, stems, leaves, fruits, or seeds, or by sucking vascular sap. Leaf feeders can be external (exophytic) or they can mine tissue, sometimes even specifically targeting particular cell types. Phytophagous insect species exist in most orders of insects, including Hemiptera (…). Hemiptera ), Thysanoptera ( Thysanoptera ), Orthoptera ( Orthoptera ), Lepidoptera ( Lepidoptera ), Coleoptera ( Coleoptera Heteroptera ( Heteroptera ), Hymenoptera ( Hymenoptera ) and Diptera ( Diptera ).

[0082] Examples of invertebrate pests, whether agronomical or non-agronomical, include lepidopteran eggs, larvae, and adults, such as armyworms, root-cutting moths, and inchworms of the family Noctuidae, and the subfamily Heliothine (e.g., the pink stem borer). Sesamia inferens Walker, corn stalk borer Sesamia nonagrioides Lefebvre, Southern Armyworm Spodoptera eridania Cramer, fall armyworm JE Smith), beet armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda Hübner, cotton leafworm Spodoptera exigua Boisduval, yellow-striped armyworm Spodoptera littoralis Spodoptera Guenée, black cutworm ornithogalli Hufnagel), velvetbean caterpillar Agrotis ipsilon Hübner), greenfruitworm Anticarsia gemmatalis Walker, cabbage armyworm Lithophane antennata Barathra Linnaeus, soybean looper brassicaeWalker), cabbage looper Pseudoplusiaincludens Hübner, tobacco budworm Trichoplusia ni Fabricius); stem borers, sheath moths, web-forming moths, fruit borers, cabbage borers, and leaf-carving insects from the family Pyralidae (e.g., the European corn borer). Heliothis virescens Hübner), navel orangeworm Ostrinia nubilalis Walker), corn root-knot weevils (corn root borer) Amyelois transitella Clemens), meadow moth (Pyralidae: Pyralinae subfamily) Crambus caliginosellus ), such as the meadow root borer (rice leaf borer ( Crambinae Walker), sugarcane borer (two-spotted borer) Herpetogramma licarsisalis Chilo Snellen), tomato small borer infuscatellus Neoleucinodes Guenée, Green Leaf Roller (Rice Leaf Roller) elegantalis Grape leaffolder (Grape leaffolder) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Hübner), Melon Moth (Cucumber Silk Moth) Desmiafuneralis Diaphania Stoll), cabbage center grub nitidalis Guenée, yellow stem borer Hellualahydralis Walker), early shoot borers (sugarcane borer) Scirpophaga incertulas Snellen), rice white stem borer Scirpophaga infuscatellus Scirpophaga Walker), top shoot borer (sugarcane white twig borer) innotata Fabricius), dark-headed rice borer Scirpophaga nivella Meyrick), striped rice stem borer (steamer borer) Chilo polychrysus Chilo Walker)), cabbage cluster caterpillar / suppressalis Crocidolomia English); leafrollers, leafrollers, seed moths, and fruit moths of the family Tortricidae (e.g., the codling moth / apple leafroller). binotalisLinnaeus, grape leafroller (grape fruit borer) Cydia pomonella Endopiza Clemens), oriental fruit moth viteana Busck), Apple Fiber Roller (citrus false codling moth / Grapholita molesta Meyrick, citrus fruit borer (Citrus borer / Cryptophlebia leucotreta Lima), Redbanded Leafroller Ecdytolopha aurantiana Walker), obliquebanded leafroller Argyrotaenia velutinana Harris), light brown applemoth Choristoneura rosaceana Walker), European grape berry moth Epiphyas postvittana Hübner), apple bud leafroller (brown leafroller) Eupoecilia ambiguella Pandemis Note: The translation of some terms might not be the most common or accurate in the context of entomology, but they are literal translations based on the original text. For example, "杀有害生物剂手册" is translated as "Manual of Pest Control Agents" which might not be a standard term in this field but is a direct translation. If there are more specific requirements or standard translations for entomological terms, they can be adjusted accordingly. Pyrus Kearfott), the Dutch carnation leafroller (omnivorous leafroller) Platynostatultana Walsingham, the barred fruit-tree tortrix Pandemic cherry Hübner), apple brown tortrix Heparin pandemic Denis & Schiffermüller); and many other economically important Lepidoptera (e.g., diamondback moth). Small xylostella Linnaeus, pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders, gypsy moth Lymantria dispar Linnaeus, peach fruit borer Japanese carposin Walsingham, peach twig borer Anargy small line Zeller), potato tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella Zeller), spotted tapeworm-like leafminer (spotted leafminer ( Lithocolletis blancardella Fabricius), Apple Golden-striped Moth (Golden-striped Moth) Lithocolletis ringoniella Matsumura), rice leaf folder (Matsumura) Lerodea euphala Edwards, apple leafminer White-winged small bowl Zeller); eggs, nymphs, and adults of cockroaches, including cockroaches from the families Blattellidae and Blattidae (e.g., Oriental cockroach (Oriental cockroach)). Oriental cockroach Linnaeus), Asian cockroach (Asian cockroach) Blatella asahinai Mizukubo), German cockroach (German cockroach ( Cockroach German Linnaeus), brown-banded cockroach (long-bearded cockroach) Supella longipalpa Fabricius), American cockroach (American cockroach ( American periplaneta Linnaeus), brown cockroach (brown cockroach (Linnaeus)), brown cockroach (brown cockroach) Periplanet brown Burmeister), Madeira cockroach (Madeira cockroach) Leucophaea maderae Fabricius), Black-breasted cockroach (Black-breasted cockroach ( Sooty periplaneta Service), Australian Cockroach (Australian cockroach) Periplaneta Australasia Fabr.), lobster cockroach (grey cockroach) Grey Nauphoeta Olivier) and smooth cockroaches (pale-colored crickets) Symploce pale Stephens); Coleoptera eggs, leaf-feeding, fruit-feeding, root-feeding, seed-feeding, and vesicle-feeding larvae and adults, including weevils from the families Anthribidae, Bruchidae, and Curculionidae (e.g., the cotton boll weevil (Mexican cotton boll weevil) Anthonom big Boheman), rice water weevil Lissorhoptrus rice-loving Kuschel, Granary Weevil Sitophilus granarius Linnaeus, rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus, annual bluegrass weevil Listronotus maculicollis Dietz), early-maturing grain weevil (forage long-beaked weevil) Sphenophore little boy Gyllenhal), Hunting Valley Elephant (hunting long-beaked elephant) Sphenophorus venatusvestitus Denver Valley Elephant (Denver Long-beaked Elephant) Sphenophorus cicatriatus Fahraeus); Chrysomelidae family includes flea beetles, cucumber beetles, root beetles, leaf beetles, potato beetles, and leaf miners (e.g., Colorado potato beetle (potato beetle) Leptinotarsa ​​ten-lineata Say), Western corn rootworm (corn root leaf beetle) Diabrotica virgin-bearing LeConte); scarab beetles and other beetles from the Scarabaeidae family (e.g., Japanese beetle). Japanese popillia Newman, Oriental Beetle Oriental anomaly Waterhouse Exomala orientalis (Waterhouse) Baraud), Northern Rhinoceros Beetle (Northern Round-headed Rhinoceros Beetle) Cyclocephala borealis Arrow), Southern rhinoceros beetle (Southern round-headed rhinoceros beetle) Cyclocephala immaculata Olivier or C. lurida Bland), dung beetles and grubs (species of the genus *Aphodius*), black lawn beetles (black velvet beetles) Ataenius spretulus Haldeman), Green June Beetle (Green Flower Beetle) Cotinis nitida Linnaeus), Asiatic garden beetle Chestnut-colored mulberry Arrow), May / June gill-horned beetle (June gill-horned beetle genus ( Phyllophagus (species) and European chafer (European chafer / Rhizotrogus majalis Razoumowsky); red-edged dermestid beetle from the family Dermestidae; wireworm from the family Elateridae; bark beetle from the family Scolytidae; and flour beetle from the family Tenebrionidae.

[0083] In addition, both agronomical and non-agronomical pests include: eggs, adults, and larvae of Dermaptera, including earwigs from the family Forficulidae (e.g., the European earwig (Ground centipede)). Earwig Linnaeus), black earwig I am dying.Fabricius); eggs, larvae, adults, and nymphs of Hemiptera and Homoptera, such as mirid bugs from the family Miridae, cicadas from the family Cicadidae, and leafhoppers from the family Cicadellidae (e.g., species of the genus *Cicadellidae*). Empoasca spp.), potato leafhoppers, and bedbugs from the family Cimicidae (e.g., temperate bedbugs). Bed bug Linnaeus), planthoppers from the families Fulgoroidae and Delphacidae, treehoppers from the family Membracidae, psyllids from the family Psyllidae, whiteflies from the family Aleyrodidae, aphids from the family Aphididae, phylloxera from the family Phylloxeridae, mealybugs from the family Pseudococcidae, scale insects from the families Coccidae, Diaspididae, and Margarodidae, lace bugs from the family Tingidae, stink bugs from the family Pentatomidae, and long bugs from the family Lygaeidae (e.g., hairy long bug (American hairy valley long bug)). Blissus leucopterus shirtus Montandon) and Southern Long Bug (Southern Long Bug) Blissusinsularis Barber and other long bugs, including the bark bug from the family Cercopidae, the rim bug from the family Coreidae, and the red bug and cotton red bug from the family Pyrrhocoridae.

[0084] Agronomical and non-agronomical pests also include: eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adults of mites (Acari), such as spider mites and red mites of the family Tetranychidae (e.g., the European red mite). Panonychus elm Koch), two spotted spider mite Spider mite nettles Koch), McDaniel mite / Tetranychus mcdanieli McGregor); short-haired mites of the family Tenuipalpidae (e.g., citrus short-haired mite (Liu's short-haired mite) Short-palped LewisMcGregor); rust mites and bud mites of the family Eriophyidae, as well as other leaf-feeding mites and mites important to human and animal health, namely dust mites of the family Epidermoptidae, hair follicle mites of the family Demodicidae, and grain mites of the family Glycyphagidae; ticks of the family Ixodidae, commonly known as hard ticks (e.g., deer tick (black-legged hard tick) Ixodes scapularis Say), Australian paralyzed tick (Pholocircly hard tick) Ixodes holocyclus Neumann tick), American dog tick (mutant leather tick) Dermacentor variabilis Say), Lone Star Tick (American Blunt Eye Tick) Amblyomma americanum Linnaeus), and ticks of the family Argasidae, commonly known as soft ticks (e.g., relapsing thermos tick (Re ... Ornithodoros turicata ), common chicken ticks (commonfowl tick / Radiated argas ); scabies mites and itch mites of the families Psoroptidae, Pyemotidae, and Sarcoptidae; eggs, adults, and larvae of Orthoptera, including grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets (e.g., migratory grasshoppers; e.g., blood locusts). Melanoplus sanguineus Fabricius, special locust species ( M. differential Thomas), American grasshoppers (such as the American desert locust) Schistocerca americana Drury), desert locust (Derury), desert locust Schistocerca gregaria Forskal, migratory locust Migratory locust Linnaeus, shrub locust (Glandularia) Zonocerus ) species), house cricket (housecricket / Domesticated Acheta Linnaeus), mole crickets (e.g., the tawny mole cricket (tawny mole cricket) Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder and South American mole cricket Scapteriscus borellii Giglio-Tos); eggs, adults, and larvae of Diptera, including leaf miners (e.g., leaf miners of the genus *Giglio-Tos*). Liriomyza ) species, such as the vegetable leafminer (American leafminer ( Liriomyza sativa Blanchard, midges, fruit flies (Tephritidae), wheat straw flies (e.g., Swedish wheat straw fly) Oscinella frit Linnaeus), soil maggots, houseflies (e.g., houseflies ( HouseflyLinnaeus), housefly (e.g., summer toilet fly (Linnaeus)), and small housefly (e.g., summer toilet fly (Linnaeus)). Fanny dog-like Linnaeus, small housefly ( Femoral F. Stein), stable fly (e.g., stable fly ( Stomachache kicking Linnaeus), housefly, horned fly, blowfly (e.g., golden fly genus ( Chrysomya ) species, genus *Fly* ( Phormia ) species) and other fly pests, horseflies (e.g., horseflies) Horsefly ) species), Drosophila (e.g., the genus *Gastropoda* () Gastrophilus ) species, genus *Ceratophyllum* ( Estrus ) species), striped flies (e.g., the genus *Botrytis* () Hypodermis ) species), stag flies (e.g., the genus *Tetranychus* () Chrysops ) species), sheep tick flies (e.g., sheep tick flies ( Melophagus sheep Linnaeus and other suborders of Brachycera, mosquitoes (e.g., Aedes genus) House ) species, Anopheles genus ( Anopheles ) species, Culex genus ( Mosquito ) species), blackflies (e.g., the genus Protoceratops ( Proximum ) species, genus *Nematoda* ( Simulacrum ) species), biting midges, sand flies, fungus gnats and other Nematocera; eggs, adults and larvae of Thysanoptera, including onion thrips (smoke thrips ( Tobacco thrips Lindeman), thrips (Thrips genus) Frankliniella ) species) and other leaf-feeding thrips; hymenopteran insect pests, including ants of the family Formicidae, including the Florida carpenter ant (Florida ... Field-known Floridian Buckley), red carpenter ant / Field-known rusty Fabricius, black carpenter ant Camponotus pennsylvanicus DeGeer, white-footed ant Technomyrmexalbipes fr. Smith), big-headed ants (genus Big-headed ants ( Pheidole ) species), ghost ants (black-headed sour ant ( Tapinoma melanocephalum Fabricius); Pharaoh ant (small yellow house ant ( Pharaoh's Monomorium Linnaeus), little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata Roger, fire ant Solenopsis geminata Fabricius), red imported fire ant / Solenopsis invicta Buren, Argentine ant Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr, crazy ants (long-horned hairy ants) Paratrechina longhorn Latreille), pavement ants (grass pavement ants) Tetramorium turbinatum Linnaeus), cornfield ant Stranger's lasius Förster) and fragrant house ants (house ants ( Sessile tapinoma Say). Other Hymenoptera include bees (including carpenter bees), bumblebees, wasps, hornets, and sawflies (Neopschera genus ( Neodiprion ) species; Stem bee genus ( Cephus ) species); insect pests of the order Isoptera, including the family Termitidae (e.g., the genus Macrotermes). Macrotermes ) species, subterranean termites ( Odontotermes obesus Rambur), Kalotermitidae (e.g., the genus *Kalotermitidae*) Cryptotermes ) species) and Rhinotermitidae (e.g., subterranean termites) Reticulitermes ) species, genus *Dactylus* ( Coptotermes ) species, weak and thin termites ( Heterotherms thin Hagen termites, Eastern subterranean termites. Reticulitermes yellow-footed Kollar, western subterranean termite Reticulitermes evening Bank), Formosan subterranean termite / Coptotermes handsome Shiraki, West Indian drywood termite Incisive immigrant Snyder), powder post termite / Cryptotermesbrievis Walker, drywood termite Incisitermes snyderiLight), southeastern subterranean termites (southeasternsubterranean termite / Reticulitermes virginicus Banks, western drywood termite Incisitermes minor Hagen), arboreal termites such as the genus *Hago* (*Hago*). Nasutitermes ) species, as well as other economically important termites; insect pests of the order Thysanura, such as silverfish ( Silverfish saccharine Linnaeus and firebrat Thermobia domestica Packard); terrestrial insect pests, including head lice (Packard); Human head louse De Geer), body lice (bodylouse / Human louse Linnaeus, chicken body louse Menacanthus straw Nitszch), dog biting louse Trichodectes canis De Geer), fluff louse (fluff louse / Hen's goniocotes De Geer), sheep lice (sheep lice ( Cowgirl sheep Schrank), short-nosed cattle lice (cattle blood lice) Haematopinus eurysternus Nitzsch), long-nosed cattle lice (cattle jaw lice) Calf-footed tortoise Linnaeus and other sucking and chewing parasitic lice that attack humans and animals; insect pests of the order Siphonoptera, including the Oriental mouse flea (Linnaeus spp.) Xenopsylla Cheops Rothschild), cat fleas (cat comb-head fleas) Ctenocephalides felis Bouche), dog fleas (comb fleas) Dogfish Curtis), fleas (chicken leaf fleas) Hen's hornwort Schrank), sucking fleas (Ceratocephala avianis ( Echidnophaga gallinacea Westwood), human flea (human flea) Flea irritating Linnaeus and other fleas that torment mammals and birds. Additional arthropod pests covered include: spiders of the order Araneae, such as the brown recluse spider (Brown Recluse Spider). Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch & Mulaik) and the black widow spider The killing robberFabricius), and centipedes of the order Centipede, such as house centipedes ( / Scutigera coleoptrata Linnaeus).

[0085] Examples of invertebrate pests found in stored grains include the truncated longhorn beetle (Great Grain Beetle). Prostephanus truncated )), lesser grain borer / Rhyzopertha dominica ), maizeweevil (maizeweevil) Stiophilus zeamais ), bean weevil (four-striped bean weevil) Callosobruchus maculatus ), Red flour beetle ( Chestnut Tribolium ), grain weevil, Indian meal moth (Indian meal moth / Plodia interpunct ), Mediterranean flour beetle (Mediterranean flour borer) Ephestia kuhniella )) and Longhorn Flat Rice Beetle or Rusty Flat Rice Beetle (Rusty Red Flat Rice Beetle ( Cryptolestis ferrugineus )).

[0086] The compositions produced according to this disclosure can have activity against members of the classes Nematodes, Tapeworms, Trematodes, and Acanthocephalans, including economically important members of the orders Strongylida, Ascaridida, Oxyurida, Rhabditida, Spirurida, and Enoplida, such as, but not limited to, economically important agricultural pests (i.e., root-knot nematodes). Meloidogyne Root-knot nematodes and short-bodied nematodes ( ) Pratylenchus Root-rot nematodes and hairy nematodes ( ) Trichodorus (including short root-knot nematodes, etc.) and harmful organisms to animal and human health (i.e., all economically important flukes, tapeworms, and roundworms, such as the common roundworm in horses). Strongylus vulgaris Toxocara canis in dogs ( Toxocara canis ), Hemagglutinationis contortus in sheep ( Haemonchus contortus ), canine filarial worms ( Heartworm disease Leidy), the leaf-shaped naked-headed tapeworm in horses ( Anoplocephala perfoliata Liver flukes in ruminants ( Fasciolum liver Linnaeus, etc.

[0087] The compositions produced according to this disclosure may have activity against the following: harmful lepidopteran organisms (e.g., cotton leafminer moth (…)). Alabama clay Hübner (cotton leafworm), fruit tree yellow leafroller ( Archippus silver-haired Walker (fruit tree leafroller), European leafroller ( A. rosana Linnaeus / European leafroller) and other yellow leafroller genera ( Archippus ) species, rice stem borer (rice stem borer), rice leaf roller ( Naphthalocrosis Medicinal Guenée / rice leaf roller, corn root borer (corn root-knotting weevils), early-maturing grass borer ( Crab little fox Zincken / bluegrass webworm), codling moth, cotton moth ( Airy island Boisduval (a spiny borer), Green-striped borer moth ( Earias vitella Fabricius (spotted leafminer), American cotton bollworm ( Helicoverpa armigera Hübner / American bollworm, corn ear worm ( Helicoverpa zea Boddie / corn earworm), tobacco shoot moth, meadow grass borer (rice leaf cutter moth), grape flower leaf roller ( Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermüller (grape leafroller), cotton bollworm, citrus leafminer ( Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton / citrus leafminer, cabbage white butterfly ( Piers cabbages Linnaeus (Great White Butterfly), Cabbage White Butterfly ( Pieris turnips Linnaeus (small white butterfly), diamondback moth, beet armyworm, and cotton bollworm ( Spodoptera litura Fabricius / tobacco cutworm / clustercaterpillar), fall armyworm, cabbage leafminer (Cabbage leafminer), and tomato leafminer ( Safe absolute Meyrick / tomato leafminer)).

[0088] The compositions produced according to this disclosure can have significant activity against members of the order Hemiptera, including: the pea aphid ( Acyrthosiphon pea Harris (pea aphid), cowpea aphid ( Aphid ravenous Koch / cowpea aphid, broad bean aphid ( Bean aphid Scopoli / black bean aphid, cotton aphid ( Aphis gossypii Glover / cotton aphid), melon aphid, apple aphid ( Apple aphid De Geer / appleaphid, Spirea aphid ( Aphis spiraecola Patch / spirea aphid, foxtail aphid ( Aulacorthum nightshade Kaltenbach / foxglove aphid, strawberry aphid ( Chaetosiphon fragaefolii Cockerell / strawberry aphid, wheat double-tailed aphid ( Diuraphis noxious Kurdjumov / Mordvilko (Russian wheat aphid), rose apple aphid ( Dysaphis plantain Paaserini / rosy appleaphid, apple woolly aphid ( Eriosoma woolly Hausmann / woolly apple aphid, peach aphid ( Hyalopterus plumi Geoffroy / mealy plum aphid, cabbage constrictor aphid ( Lipaphis very hot Kaltenbach (radish aphid), wheat webless long-tubed aphid ( Metopolophium dirrhodum Walker (cereal aphid), potato long-tubed aphid ( Euphorbia macrosiphum Thomas (potato aphid), peach aphid ( Myzus persica Sulzer (peach aphid, green peach aphid), lettuce aphid ( Nasonovia blackcurrant Mosley / lettuce aphid, Gall aphid ( Pemphigus ) species (root aphid and beet aphid), corn aphid ( Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch / corn leaf aphid, cereal constrictor aphid ( Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus / bird cherry-oat aphid, wheat aphid ( Schizaphis grass Rondani / greenbug), English wheat aphid ( Sitobion oat Fabricius / Englishgrain aphid, spotted alfalfa aphid ( Therioaphis maculata Buckton / spotted alfalfaaphid), orange aphid ( Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe (black orange aphid) and brown orange aphid ( Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy / brown citrus aphid); Ball ( Adelges) species (coccidioidomycetes); pecan phylloxera ( Phylloxera devastating / pecan phylloxera); whitefly ( Bemisia tobacco Gennadius (whitefly, sweet potato whitefly), silver leaf whitefly ( Bemisia silverleaf Bellows&Perring / silverleaf whitefly), citrus whitefly ( Citrus citronella Ashmead / citruswhitefly and greenhouse whitefly ( Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (greenhouse whitefly); potato leafhopper ( Bean sprouts Harris (potato leafhopper), gray planthopper ( Laodelphax striatellus Fallen (small brown planthopper), two-spotted leafhopper ( Macrolestes quadrilineatus Forbes (Aster leafhopper), Black-tailed leafhopper ( Nephotettix cinquefoil Uhler (green leafhopper), two black-tailed leafhoppers ( Black-spotted Nephotettix Stål (rice leafhopper), brown planthopper ( Nilaparvata is mourning. Stål / brown planthopper), corn planthopper ( The pilgrim maid Ashmead (corn planthopper), white-backed planthopper ( Sogatella furcifera Horvath / white-backed planthopper, rice planthopper ( Sogatodes orizicola Muir / rice delphacid), apple leafhopper ( Typhlocyba pomaria McAtee / white apple leafhopper), Grape Leafhopper ( ) Erythroneura ) species (grape leafhopper); seventeen-year cicada ( Seventeen magic spells Linnaeus (periodic cicada); cottony cushion scale ( Icerya purchasi Maskell / cottony cushion scale), pear-shaped gecko ( Quadraspidiotus pernicious Comstock (San Jose scale); Mealybug (S. spp.) Planococcus citri Risso (citrus mealybug); genus Risso ( Pseudococci ) species (other mealybug groups); pear psyllid ( Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster / pear psylla), persimmon psyllid ( Trioza diospyri Ashmead / persimmon psylla).

[0089] The compositions produced according to this disclosure may also have activity against members of the order Hemiptera, including: green bugs ( Acrosternum cheerful Say (rice green bug), pumpkin edge bug ( Sad duck De Geer / squashbug, American valley bug ( Blissus leucopterus Say (wheat bug), temperate bed bug (bed bug), square-winged lace bug ( Corythuca gossypii Fabricius (cotton web bug), tomato bug ( Cyrtopeltis modesta Distant / tomato bug), cottony black-winged red bug ( Dysdercus suturellus Herrich-Schäffer (cotton red bug), brown stink bug ( Euchistus, servant Say / brown stink bug), single-spotted bug ( Euchistus variolarius Palisot deBeauvois / one-spotted stink bug), Graptosthetus Genus and species (long bug group), tea-winged bug ( Halymorpha halys Stål (brown marbled ailanthus), pine root bug ( Leptoglossus corculus Say / leaf-footed pine seed bug), American pasture mirid bug ( Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois / tarnished plant bug, rice green bug ( Green-leaved nezara Linnaeus (Southern Green Stink Bug), American Rice Bug ( The fighting bull Fabricius (rice bug), Milkweed bug ( Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas / large milkweed bug), cotton bug ( Pseudomoscelis seriatus Reuter / cottonfleahopper). Other insect orders controlled by the compounds disclosed herein include Thysanoptera (e.g., western flower thrips). Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (western flower thrips), orange thrips ( Citrus Scirthothrips Moulton / citrus thrips), soybean thrips ( Silkworm variable Beach / soybean thrips and smoke thrips (onion thrips); as well as Coleoptera (e.g., potato beetle (Colorado potato beetle), Mexican bean ladybug ( Epilachna varivesti Mulsant / Mexican beanbeetle and the genus *Mulsant* ( Agriots ), Athos genus or genus *Tegus* (or *Tegus*) Limonius (wireworms).

[0090] In some aspects, the compositions produced according to this disclosure can be used to control the western flower thrips. In some aspects, the compositions produced according to this disclosure can be used to control the potato leafhopper. In some aspects, the compositions produced according to this disclosure can be used to control cotton aphids. In some aspects, the compositions produced according to this disclosure can be used to control the diamondback moth. In some aspects, the compositions produced according to this disclosure can be used to control the silver leafhopper.

[0091] Regarding the bromocyanamide disclosed herein, compositions produced according to this disclosure are effective against the following: Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, *Cerotoma trifurcata bean leaf beetle*, *Chaetocnema concinna beet flea beetle*, Mexican bean ladybug, potato flea beetle (Epitrix cucumeris potatoflea beetle), Colorado potato beetle, *Oulema melanopus cereal leaf beetle*, rice leaf beetle (Oulema oryzae rice leaf beetle), cabbage flea beetle (Phyllotretacruciiferae cabbage flea beetle), yellow striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta striolata stripedflea beetle), flea beetle species of the genus *Psylliodes* spp. flea beetle; Weevilidae, pepper weevil (Anthonomus eugeni pepper weevil), cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus napi Cabbage stemweevil, cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus quadridens cabbage seed-stalk curculio), plum weevil (Conotrachelus nenuphar plum curculio), alfalfa leaf weevil (Hypera bruneipennis Egyptian alfalfa weevil), purple alfalfa leaf weevil (Hypera postica alfalfa weevil), rice water weevil, Nitidulidae family, rapeseed beetle (Meligethes aeneus pollen beetle), flower beetle (Blossom beetle), Scarabaeidae family, green-flowered beetle, June-brown beetle species June-brown beetle, grubs, Japanese beetle; Diptera, Agromyzidae family, onion leafminer (Liromyza chinensis stone leekleafminer), pea leafminer (Liromyza huidobrensis pea Leafminer), American serpentine leafminer, Liromyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer), family Anthomyiidae.Onion seed fly (Delia antiqua onion fly), gray seed fly (Delia platuraseedcorn maggot), Muscidae; rice seedling fly (Atherigona oryzae rice seedlingfly); stem fly family (Psilidae); carrot stem fly (Psila rosae carrot fly); fruit fly family (Anastrepha fraterculus South American fruit fly), Mexican fruit fly (Anastrephaludens Mexican fruit fly), guava fruit fly (Anasterpha striata guava fruit fly), melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae melon fly), oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis orientalfruit fly), olive fly (Bactrocera oleae olive fly), Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitiscapitata Mediterranean fruit fly), pea leafminer (Chromatomyia horticola gardenpea leafminer), European cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cerasi cherry fruit fly). *Rhagoletis cingulata cherry fruit fly*, *Rhagoletis indifferens western cherry fruit fly*, *Rhagoletis pomonella applemaggot*; Hemiptera, Amycidae, *Aleyrodes proletella cabbage whitefly*, *Bemisia tabaci sweet potato whitefly*, cotton whitefly, citrus whitefly, greenhouse whitefly, greenhouse whitefly, Aphididae.Pea aphid, cowpea aphid, broad bean aphid, soybean aphid (Aphis glycines soybean aphid), cotton aphid, melon aphid, buckthorn potato aphid (Aphis nasturtii buckthorn aphid), green apple aphid, spirea aphid, foxglove aphid, black peach aphid (Brachycaudus persicae black peach aphid), cabbage aphid (Brevicorynebrassicae cabbage aphid), European walnut black-spotted aphid (Chromaphis juglandicola Europeanwalnut aphid), rose apple aphid, peach aphid, cabbage aphid (Lipaphis erysimi mustard aphid), turnip aphid, potato aphid, green peach aphid, peach aphid, cereal aphid, lotus aphid (Rhopalosiphum nymphaeaeplum) aphid, wheat aphid, English wheat long-tubed aphid, spotted alfalfa aphid, brown orange aphid, oriental orange aphid, leafhopper family, potato green leafhopper / leafhopper group, false-eyed green leafhopper (Empoasca vitis green frogfly), common green leafhopper (Hortensia similis common green leafhopper), flat-smelling leafhopper species Idioscopus spp. mango leafhopper, Indian cotton leafhopper (Jacobiasca lybica cottonjassid), black-tailed leafhopper species rice leafhopper group, rose leafhopper (Typhlocyba rosae roseleafhopper), apple white leafhopper, rice bug (Coreidae Leptocorisa oratorius rice bug), rice spider bug, large rice bug, planthopper family, rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens rice brown planthopper), scale insect family, citrus red scale (Aonidiella aurantii) Citrus scale), Flatidae family, Citrus planthopper (Metcalfa pruinosa citrus flatid planthopper), Stink bug family, Euschistus spp. brown stinkbug, Edessa genus, Psyllid family,Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Asian citrus psyllid), potato psyllid (Paratrioza cockerellipotato psyllid), tomato psyllid, sweet cherry psyllid (Trioza eugeniae eugenia psyllid), sweet cherry psyllid, Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, European apple sawfly (Hoplocampa testudinea Europeanapple sawfly); Lepidoptera, Crombidae, rice stem borer, Gelechiidae, peach leafminer, tomato pinworm (Keiferia lycopersicella tomato pinworm), cotton bollworm, tomato leafminer, Gracillariidae, tea leafroller (Gracillaria theivora tea leafroller), spotted tentiform leafminer (Phyllonorycter blancardella spotted tentiform leafminer), nut leafminer (Phyllonorycter coryfoliella nut leafminer) Blister moth, apple blotch leafminer (Phyllonorycter crataegella apple blotch leafminer), apple ringoniella apple leafminer (Phyllonorycter ringoniella apple leafminer), European small leafminer (Phyllonorycter elmaella western tentiform leafminer), Hesperiidae, rice leaf roller (Borbocinara rice leafroller), Lyonetiidae, white coffee leafminer (Leucoptera coffeella white coffee leafminer), pear leaf blister moth (Leucoptera scitella pear leaf blistermoth), peach leafminer (Lyonetia clerkella peach leafminer), Noctuidae.Yellow cutworm (Agrotissegetum common cutworm), cotton leaf looper, alfalfa looper (Autographa californicaalfalfa looper), cabbage looper, golden garden looper (Chrysodeixis chalcites green garden looper), southern looper (Chrysodeixis eriosoma green semi-looper), Egyptian bollworm (Earias insulana Egyptian bollworm), green-striped looper, spotted looper (Feltia subterranea granulate cutworm), American cotton bollworm, cotton bollworm, climbing cutworm (Helicoverpa punctigera), tobacco bud looper, corn earworm, beet armyworm (Prodenia ornithogalli yellow-stripedarmyworm), American armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta true) armyworm), soybean looper, rice stem borer, southern gray-winged looper, beet armyworm, fall armyworm, cotton bollworm, beet armyworm, dry-weather moth (Thermesiagemmatalis velvetbean caterpillar), cabbage silver-striped looper, leaf miner (Phyllocnistidae), citrus leaf miner, Pieridae, alfalfa white butterfly (Colias eurytheme alfalfa caterpillar), small blue butterfly (Leptophobia aripa green-eyed white), cabbage white butterfly, large white butterfly, cabbage white butterfly, cabbage white butterfly, Plutellidae, diamondback moth, pyralid moth.Rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis Asiatic rice stemborer), rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocerus medinalis rice leaffolder), Chinese cabbage leaf roller, grape leaf roller, melon leaf roller (Diaphania indica cotton caterpillar), melon leaf roller (Diaphania nitidaltis melonworm), cabbage center grub (Hellula hydralis cabbage centergrub), cabbage webworm (Hellula undalis cabbage webworm), rice leaf roller, eggplant yellow spot borer (Leucinodesorbonalis brinjal fruit borer), bean pod borer (Maruca testulalis bean pod borer), cherry tomato borer, rice caseworm (Nymphula depunctalis rice caseworm), Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furicalis Asian corn) * *Borr*, *Cornus esculenta*, *Sphingidae*, *Manducasexta tomato hornworm*, *Tobacco hornworm*, *Smerinthus spp. sphinxmoth*, *Adoxophyes orana summer fruit tortrix*, *Argyrotaenia pulchellana grape tortrix*, *Red-banded leafroller*, *Rose leafroller*, *Grape leafroller*, *Apple leafroller*, *Cydia prunivora lesser apple worm*, *Pear leafroller*, *Grape flower-winged leafroller*, *Pandemis limitata three-lined leaf roller*, *Paramyelois transitella navel orangeworm*, *Platynotaidaeusalis tufted apple bud*. (Moth), Dutch carnation leafroller, order Thysanoptera, family Thripidae.Yellow-breasted thrips (Enneothrips flavens), smoke thrips, European flower thrips (Frankliniella intonsa European flower thrips), western flower thrips, common flower thrips (Frankliniella schultzei commonblossom thrips), eastern flower thrips (Frankliniella tritici eastern flower thrips), cowpea thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti cowpea thrips), bean blossom thrips (Megalurothrips usitatus bean blossom thrips), orange thrips, yellow tea thrips (Scirthothrips dorsalis yellow teathrips), chili thrips, soybean thrips, eastern rice thrips (Stenchaetothrips biformis oriental rice thrips), cotton black thrips (Thrips arizonensis cotton thrips), peach thrips (Thrips meridionalis peach thrips), melon thrips (Thrips palmi melon) thrips) and onion thrips, common cotton black thrips.

[0092] Regarding certain aspects of bromocyanamide disclosed herein, compositions produced according to this disclosure are effective against the following: Colorado potato beetle, rice leaf beetle, cabbage flea beetle, yellow striped flea beetle, flea beetle species, pepper weevil, plum weevil, rice water weevil, rapeseed beetle, flower beetle, onion leafminer, pea plant leafminer, American serpentine leafminer / vegetable leafminer, clover leafminer, onion seed fly, gray seed fly, carrot stem fly, oriental fruit fly, olive oil beetle. Fruit fly, Mediterranean fruit fly, Western sweet cherry fruit fly, apple fruit fly, sweet potato whitefly, cotton whitefly, greenhouse whitefly, greenhouse whitefly, pea long-tubed aphid, cowpea aphid, broad bean aphid, cotton aphid, melon aphid, green apple aphid, spirea aphid, foxglove aphid, cabbage aphid, rose apple aphid, cabbage constrictor aphid, turnip aphid, potato long-tubed aphid, green peach aphid, peach aphid, cereal constrictor aphid, wheat two-fork aphid, English wheat long-tubed aphid, brown orange aphid, oriental orange aphid, false-eyed green leafhopper, flat-smelling fruit fly Leafhoppers include species of the genus *Cicada* such as the mango brown leafhopper, rice brown planthopper, citrus red scale insect, species of the genus *Brown stink bug*, Asian citrus psyllid, potato psyllid, tomato psyllid, rice stem borer, peach leafminer, tomato leafminer, white coffee leafminer, cotton leafminer, American cotton bollworm, cotton bollworm, spotted fruit borer, tobacco bud borer, corn ear borer, soybean looper, rice stem borer, southern gray-winged borer, beet armyworm, fall armyworm, cotton fall armyworm, beet armyworm, and dry worm. Noctuid moth, cabbage silver-striped noctuid moth, citrus leafminer, cabbage white butterfly, large-striped white butterfly, cabbage white butterfly, cabbage white butterfly, diamondback moth, rice stem borer, rice leaf roller, eggplant yellow-spotted stem borer, Asian corn borer, European corn borer, rose leafroller, grape leafroller, apple leafroller, pear fruit moth, grape flower-winged leafroller, tobacco thrips, European flower thrips, western flower thrips, citrus thrips, tea yellow thrips, pepper thrips, melon thrips and onion thrips, common cotton black thrips.

[0093] Regarding some of the bromocyanamides disclosed herein, compositions produced according to this disclosure are effective against the following: plum weevil, pea plant leafminer, American serpentine leafminer / vegetable leafminer, clover leafminer, sweet potato whitefly, cotton whitefly, greenhouse whitefly, greenhouse whitefly, pea long-tubed aphid, cowpea aphid, cotton aphid, melon aphid, cabbage aphid, rose apple aphid, green peach aphid, peach aphid, Asian citrus psyllid, potato psyllid, tomato psyllid, rice stem borer, peach leafminer, tomato leafminer, white coffee leafminer, cotton... Leaf-striped looper, American cotton bollworm, cotton bollworm, spotted fruit looper, tobacco bud looper, corn earworm, soybean looper, rice stem borer, southern gray-winged looper, beet armyworm, fall armyworm, cotton fall armyworm, beet armyworm, citrus leafminer, diamondback moth, rice stem borer, rice leaf roller, rose leafroller, grape leafroller, apple leafroller, pear fruit borer, grape flower-winged leafroller, tobacco thrips, western flower thrips, tea yellow thrips, pepper thrips, melon thrips and onion thrips, common cotton black thrips.

[0094] Regarding chlorantraniliprole disclosed herein, compositions produced according to this disclosure are effective against the following: Coleoptera (Chronicidae, Colorado potato beetle, Weevilidae, rice water weevil, annual rice weevil, rice water weevil (Oryzophagus oryzae rice water weevil), Sphenophorus spp. Billbug, Scarabaeidae Ataenius spretulus black turfgrass beetle). The order includes: *Ataenius*, *Cyclocephala* species such as the scarab beetle, the green-flowered scarab beetle, the rhinoceros beetle, the oriental scarab beetle larvae, the Asian garden beetle, *Cyclocephala* species such as the June-brown scarab beetle, the Japanese scarab beetle, and the European scarab beetle; Diptera (Fluoridae, *Pea leafminer* and *Leymus leafminer* species); Hemiptera (Amycidae, *Bemisia* species such as the whitefly, *Trialeurodes abutiloneus bandedwinged whitefly*, leafhoppers and apple leafhoppers); Isoptera (Termitidae, *Microtermes obesi* sugarcane termite, *Microtermes obesi* sugarcane termite, and *Microtermes obesi* sugarcane termite); and Lepidoptera (Arctiidae, *Estigmene acrea*). Saltmarshcaterpillar, family Pterididae, garden webworm (Achyra rantalis), grape leafroller, European corn borer; family Ficus moths, peach leafminer, tomato stem leafminer, potato leafminer, American tomato pinworm (Tuta absoluta S. American tomato pinworm); family Geometridae, winter geometrid moth (Operophtherabrumata winter moth); family Gracilaridae, citrus leafminer, apple leafminer, spotted leafminer; family Lyonetidae, coffee leafminer (Leucoptera spp.).(i.e., *Malifoliella*, *Coffee Leafminer*), *Pear Leafblister Moth*, Noctuidae, cutworm, cotton leafminer, tiger worm (*Amphipyra pyramidoideshumped green fruitworm*), quinoa leafminer, *Autographa gamma common silver Ymoth*, cabbage leafminer, *Earias* spp. (i.e., *huegeliana*, *insulana*, *vitella*) rough, spiny, northern rough bollworm, *Helicoverpa* spp. (i.e., *armigera*, *punctigera*, *zea*) bollworms / budworms / fruitworms, tobacco bud moth, green fruit moth (*Lithophane antennata* green). Fruitworm), cabbage armyworm, green fruit armyworm, grape flower leaf roller, silver-spotted armyworm, soybean looper, beet armyworm (Spodoptera spp. (i.e., exigua, frugiperda, littoralis) beet armyworm), fall armyworm, Egyptian cotton leafworm, cabbage silver-striped armyworm, Pieris spp. (i.e., brassica, rapae) large white butterfly, cabbage white butterfly, Plutellidae, diamondback moth, pyralid moth, orange moth, rice stem borer (Chilo spp. (i.e., infuscatellus, polychrysus, suppressalis) sugarcane / rice stem borer), rice leaf roller, grass moth (Crambus spp. sod The webworm, the cabbage moth, and the melon moth (Diaphania spp.).(i.e., hyalinata, nitidalis) melonworm), pickleworm, small sugarcane moth (Diatraea saccharalis), Brazilian sugarcane borer, South American corn seedling borer (Elasmopalpus lignosellus lesser stalk borer), cross-stripped cabbageworm (Evergestis rimosalis cross-stripped cabbageworm), soybean leaf curler (Hedylepta indicata), cabbage centrifuge (Hellula spp. (i.e., hydralis, undalis) cabbagecentre-grub), cabbage webworm, eggplant shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis eggplantshoot and fruit borer), and pod borer (Maruca spp. pod). *Neoleucinodes elegantalis tomato small borer*, *Scirpophaga spp. sugarcane / rice stem borer*, *Sesamias pp. (i.e., inferens, nonagrioides) pink stem borer / corn stalk borer*, *Manduca spp. (i.e., quinquemaculata, sexta) tomato / tobaccohornworm*, *Argyrotaenia spp. (i.e., pulchellana, velutinana) grape tortrix*, *Redbanded Leafroller*, *Bonagota cranaodes Brazilian apple leafroller*, and *Carposina* species. spp.(i.e., *niponensis*, *sasaki*) peach fruit borer), peach fruit moth, rose leafroller, apple leafroller, apple leafroller, citrus fruit borer, grape leafroller, apple light brown leafroller, European grape leafroller, pear fruit moth, European grape vine moth, *Pandemis* spp. (i.e., *cerasana*, *heparana*, barred fruit tree tortrix, *limitata*, *pyrusana*) apple brown tortrix, three-lined leafroller, applepandemic, *Platynota* spp. (i.e., *idaeusalis*, *stultana*) tufted apple bud moth, omnivorous leafroller, Zygaenidae and Harrisina species *Harrisina* spp. (ie: americana, brillian) grapeleaf / western grapeleaf skeletonizer)). .

[0095] Regarding certain aspects of chlorantraniliprole disclosed herein, compositions produced according to this disclosure are effective against the following: Colorado potato beetle, leafminer (species of leafminer), whitefly (species of whitefly), *Heterotermes spp.*, *Canary termite*, *Canary termite*, *Canary termite*, *Canary termite*, *Canary termite*, *Corn borer*, *Wheat leafminer*, potato leafminer, American tomato pinworm, citrus leafminer, *Symplocos spp.*, coffee leafminer (species of leafminer), cutworm, cotton leafminer, *Enteromorpha chinensis*, *Armageddon spp.*, *Armageddon spp.*, tobacco shoot borer, soybean looper, and beet armyworm (species of looper). Oralis), Fall Moth, Egyptian Cotton Leafworm, Cabbage Silver-striped Noctuid Moth, Brassica Rape, Cabbage White Butterfly, Diamondback Moth, Navel Orange Moth, Rice / Sugarcane Moth (Infuscatellus, Polychrysus, Suppressalis), Rice Leaf Roller, Small Sugarcane Stalk Moth, Brazilian Sugarcane Moth, Eggplant Yellow Spotted Moth, Rice / Sugarcane Moth, Corn / Corn Moth (Inferens, Nonagrioides), Peach Fruit Moth (Niponensis, Sasaki), Peach Fruit Moth, Rose Leaf Roller, Apple Leaf Roller, European Grape Leaf Roller, Pear Fruit Moth, and European Grape Vine Moth.

[0096] Regarding certain aspects of chlorantraniliprole disclosed herein, compositions produced according to this disclosure are effective against the following: leafminer species, whitefly species, *Whitefly* species, *Whitefly spp.*, *Heterotermes spp.*, *Canary Termite*, *Canary Termite*, and *Obes spp.*, European corn borer, *Agrostis spp.*, American tomato pinworm, *Pterocarya spp.*, *Armageddon spp.*, *Armageddon spp.*, *Armageddon spp.*, *Armageddon spp.*, *Armageddon spp.*, and *Armageddon spp.* Species of the genus *Exigua* (also known as *Frugiperda* or *Littoralis*), *Egyptian leafworm*, *Prunella vulgaris*, *Citrus aurantium*, *Infuscatellus*, *Polychrysus*, *Suppressalis*, *Rice leaf roller*, *Salix esculenta*, *Brazilian sugarcane borer*, *Salix trifoliata*, *Salix esculenta*, *Salix esculenta*, *Salix esculenta*, *Salix esculenta*, *Salix esculenta*, *Salix esculenta*, *Salix esculenta*, *Salix esculenta*, *Salix esculenta*, and *Salix esculenta*.

[0097] In some embodiments, the pests are selected from, but not limited to, the group consisting of: fruit flies, fruit flies, Mexican fruit flies, guava fruit flies, melon fruit flies, oriental fruit flies, olive fruit flies, Mediterranean fruit flies, pea leaf miners, European cherry fruit flies, cherry fruit flies, western sweet cherry fly, apple fruit flies, and combinations thereof.

[0098] The compositions produced according to this disclosure can be used to protect agronomic field crops, other non-agronomic horticultural crops, and plants from phytophagous invertebrate pests. This utility includes protecting crops and other plants (i.e., agronomic and non-agronomic) containing genetic material introduced through genetic engineering (i.e., transgenics) or modified through mutagenesis to provide advantageous traits. Examples of such traits include herbicide tolerance, resistance to phytophagous pests (e.g., insects, mites, aphids, spiders, nematodes, snails, plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria, and viruses), improved plant growth, increased tolerance to adverse growth conditions (e.g., high or low temperatures, low or high soil moisture and high salinity), increased flowering or fruiting, larger harvest yields, faster maturity, higher quality and / or nutritional value of harvested products, or improved storage or processing characteristics of harvested products. Transgenic plants can be modified to express a variety of traits. Examples of plants containing traits provided by genetic engineering or mutagenesis include corn, cotton, soybean, and potato varieties that express Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxins, such as YIELD GARD. ® KNOCKOUT ® STARLINK ® BOLLGARD ® NuCOTN ® and NEWLEAF ® INVICTA RR2PRO TM and herbicide-tolerant varieties of corn, cotton, soybeans, and rapeseed, such as Roundup Ready. ® LIBERTY LINK ® IMI ® STS ® and CLEARFIELD ® and expression N- Acetyltransferase (GAT) to provide resistance to glyphosate herbicides, or crops containing an HRA gene that provides resistance to herbicides that inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS). The compositions produced according to this disclosure can synergistically interact with traits introduced through genetic engineering or modified through mutagenesis, thereby enhancing the phenotypic expression or effectiveness of the trait, or increasing the invertebrate pest control effectiveness of the compounds and compositions of the present invention. In particular, the compositions produced according to this disclosure can synergistically interact with the phenotypic expression of proteins or other natural products toxic to invertebrate pests to provide greater than additive control of these pests, i.e., producing a combined effect greater than the sum of their individual effects.

[0099] The plants covered by this disclosure include crops, vegetables, fruits, trees other than fruit trees, lawns, and other uses (flowers, biofuel plants, and ornamental foliage). Crops include: maize, rice, wheat, barley, rye, oats, sorghum, cotton, soybeans, peanuts, buckwheat, sugar beets, rapeseed, sunflowers, sugarcane, tobacco, and other crops known in the art. Vegetables include: Solanaceae (e.g., eggplant, tomato, bell pepper, black pepper, and potato); Cucurbitaceae (e.g., cucumber, squash, zucchini, watermelon, and cantaloupe); Cruciferae (e.g., radish, daikon radish, horseradish, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, kale, mustard greens, broccoli, and cauliflower); Asteraceae (e.g., burdock, garland chrysanthemum, artichoke, and lettuce); Liliaceae (e.g., green onion, onion, garlic, and asparagus); Apiaceae (e.g., carrot, parsley, celery, and parsnip); Chenopodiaceae (e.g., spinach and Swiss chard); and Mintaceae (e.g., basil, mint, and peppermint). Fruits include: pomegranates (e.g., apples, pears, Japanese pears, Japanese pears, and quince); firm-fleshed fruits (e.g., peaches, plums, nectarines, apricots, and dried plums); citrus fruits (e.g., mandarins, oranges, lemons, limes, and grapefruits); nuts (e.g., chestnuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds, pistachios, cashews, and macadamia nuts); berries (e.g., blueberries, cranberries, blackberries, strawberries, and raspberries); grapes; persimmons; olives; Japanese plums; bananas; coffee; dates; coconuts; and oil palms. Trees other than fruit trees include: tea trees; mulberry trees; and other trees (e.g., ash, birch, dogwood, eucalyptus, ginkgo, lilac, maple, oak, poplar, jujube, sweetgum, sycamore, beech, Japanese cypress, fir, hemlock, juniper, pine, spruce, Manchurian yew, elm, Japanese horse chestnut, coral tree, podocarpus, Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress, croton, Japanese euonymus, and glossy photinia). Lawn uses include: turf (e.g., zoysia grass, Manila grass); Bermuda grass; small grass; fescue; ryegrass. Floral uses include: roses, carnations, chrysanthemums, lisianthus, baby's breath, sage, marigolds, sage, petunias, verbena, tulips, asters, gentians, lilies, pansies, cyclamen, orchids, lily of the valley, lavender, violets, ornamental cabbage, primroses, poinsettias, gladioli, orchids, daisies, and begonias. Biofuel plants include: Jatropha curcas, safflower, flaxseed, switchgrass, sedge, reed, kenaf, cassava, and willow.

[0100] Compositions produced according to the methods disclosed herein can be used to treat all plants or any part of a plant. As used herein, the term "plant" should be understood to mean all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesirable wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants). Crop plants can be plants that can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnology and genetic engineering methods or a combination of these methods, including transgenic plants and including plant cultivars that may or may not be protected by plant breeder's rights. Plant parts should be understood to mean all parts and organs of a plant above and below ground, such as embryos, leaves, flowers, and roots; examples that may be mentioned are leaves, needles, stems, stalks, flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits, and seeds, as well as roots, tubers, and rhizomes. Plant parts also include harvested material as well as nutrient and reproductive propagation material, such as cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, branches, and seeds.

[0101] Treatment of plants and plant parts with the composition produced according to the methods disclosed herein is carried out by direct contact with the plant or plant parts or by applying the composition to the plant's environment, habitat, or storage space using common treatment methods. For example, the treatment as described herein can be carried out by: impregnation, spraying, evaporation, atomization, broadcasting, dispersing, injection, and, in the case of propagation material—particularly in the case of seeds—applying a coating containing the composition (optionally with an additional layer).

[0102] In one embodiment, the composition produced according to the method disclosed herein is delivered to the plant by air. In another embodiment, the composition produced according to the disclosure is delivered by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In yet another embodiment, the composition produced according to the disclosure is delivered by a helicopter or fixed-wing aircraft.

[0103] This disclosure may process wild plant species and cultivars, or those obtained through conventional biological breeding methods such as hybridization or protoplast fusion, and portions thereof. Furthermore, it may process transgenic plants and cultivars, and portions thereof, obtained through genetic engineering methods, if appropriate, in combination with conventional methods (genetically modified organisms). According to this disclosure, it may process commercially available or in-use cultivars. A cultivar should be understood to mean a plant possessing novel characteristics (“traits”) obtained through conventional breeding, mutagenesis, or recombinant DNA techniques. These can be cultivars, biotypes, or genotypes.

[0104] The transgenic plants and cultivars (obtained through genetic engineering) that can be processed under this disclosure include all plants whose genetic material is obtained through genetic modification, conferring particularly advantageous and useful traits. Examples of such traits include better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or water or soil salinity, improved flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yield, higher quality and / or higher nutritional value of the harvested product, and better storage stability and / or processability of the harvested product. Further and particularly emphasized examples of such traits include better plant resistance to animal and microbial pests (such as insects, mites, plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria, and / or viruses), and increased plant tolerance to certain herbicidal active compounds. Examples of genetically modified plants include important crop plants such as cereals (wheat, rice), corn, soybeans, potatoes, sugar beets, tomatoes, peas and other vegetable varieties, cotton, tobacco, rapeseed, and fruit plants (fruits include apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapes), with a focus on corn, soybeans, potatoes, cotton, tobacco and rapeseed. Traits include those formed in plants through toxins, particularly those formed through genetic material from Bacillus thuringiensis (e.g., through genes CryIA(a), CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIIA, CryIIIA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c, Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CryIF, and combinations thereof) (“Bt plants”), which increase the plant’s resistance to insects, spiders, nematodes and slugs, and snails. Other traits increase plant resistance to fungi, bacteria, and viruses through systemically acquired tolerance (SAR), systemins, phytoalexins, inducers, and resistance genes, as well as the corresponding expressed proteins and toxins. Traits also include increased plant tolerance to certain herbicidal active compounds such as imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, glyphosate, or phosphinotricin (e.g., the "PAT" gene). Genes conferring the desired traits discussed can also combine with each other in transgenic plants. Examples of "Bt plants" include those marketed under the trade name YIELD GARD. ® (e.g., corn, cotton, soybeans), KnockOut ® (e.g., corn), Starlink ® (e.g., corn), Bolgard ® (Cotton), Nucotn ® (Cotton) and NewLeaf ® (Potatoes) Varieties of corn, cotton, soybeans, and potatoes are available for sale. An example of a herbicide-tolerant plant is listed under the trade name Roundup Ready. ®(Tolerance to glyphosate, such as corn, cotton, and soybeans), Liberty Link ® (Tolerance to glufosinate, such as rapeseed), IMI ® (Tolerance to imidazolinone) and STS ® (Sulfonylurea tolerant, such as corn) Corn varieties, cotton varieties, and soybean varieties are sold. Herbicide-tolerant plants (herbicide-tolerant plants propagated in a conventional manner) include those under the name Clearfield. ® (For example, corn) varieties sold. Agricultural crops are selected from the following groups: cereals, fruit trees, citrus fruits, legumes, horticultural crops, melons, oil crops, tobacco, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar beets, sugarcane, and cotton.

[0105] Depending on the plant species or cultivar, its location, and growing conditions (soil, climate, growing season, nutrient supply (diet)), treatments according to this disclosure can also produce additive (“synergistic” effects. Therefore, for example, it is possible to reduce application rates and / or broaden the activity spectrum and / or increase the activity of substances and compositions that can be used according to this disclosure, resulting in better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or water or soil salinity, improved flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated ripening, higher harvest yields, higher quality and / or higher nutritional value of harvested products, and better storage stability and / or processability of harvested products—effects exceeding actual expectations.

[0106] Crops protected by compositions produced according to the methods disclosed herein include, for example, cereals (wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, corn, sorghum, etc.), fruit trees (apples, pears, plums, peaches, apricots, cherries, bananas, grapes, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, etc.), citrus trees (oranges, lemons, tangerines, grapefruits, etc.), legumes (kidney beans, peas, lentils, soybeans, etc.), vegetables (spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, peppers, etc.), melons (pumpkins, zucchini, cucumbers, melons, watermelons, etc.), oilseed plants (sunflowers, rapeseed, peanuts, castor beans, coconuts, etc.), tobacco, coffee, tea, cocoa, beets, sugarcane, and cotton.

[0107] To protect agricultural crops, the composition produced according to the method disclosed herein can be applied to any part of the plant, or applied to the seed before sowing, or applied to the soil in which the plant grows.

[0108] Non-agronomic uses refer to the control of invertebrate pests in areas other than crop fields. Non-agronomic uses of the compositions produced according to this disclosure include the control of invertebrate pests in stored grains, legumes, and other food products, as well as textiles such as clothing and carpets. Non-agronomic uses of the compositions produced according to this disclosure also include the control of invertebrate pests in ornamental plants, forests, yards, roadsides, railway land, and turf such as lawns, golf courses, and pastures. Non-agronomic uses of the compositions produced according to this disclosure also include the control of invertebrate pests in houses and other buildings that may be inhabited by humans and / or companion animals, farm animals, ranch animals, zoo animals, or other animals. Non-agronomic uses of the compositions produced according to this disclosure also include the control of pests such as termites that may damage timber or other structural materials used in buildings.

[0109] Non-agronomical uses of the compositions produced according to this disclosure also include protecting human and animal health by controlling parasitic or disease-transmitting invertebrate pests. Control of animal parasites includes controlling external parasites that infest the surface of the host animal (e.g., shoulder, armpit, abdomen, inner thigh) and internal parasites that infest the body of the host animal (e.g., stomach, intestine, lung, vein, subcutaneous tissue, lymphatic tissue). External parasitic or disease-transmitting pests include, for example, chiggers, ticks, lice, mosquitoes, flies, mites, and fleas. Internal parasites include heartworms, hookworms, and worms. The compositions produced according to this disclosure are suitable for systemic and / or non-systemic control of parasite infestation or infection in animals. The compositions produced according to this disclosure are particularly suitable for combating external parasitic or disease-transmitting pests. The compositions produced according to this disclosure are suitable for combating parasites that infest the following animals: agricultural working animals, such as cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, donkeys, camels, buffalo, rabbits, hens, turkeys, ducks, geese, and bees; pet animals and domesticated animals, such as dogs, cats, pet birds, and aquarium fish; and so-called laboratory animals, such as hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, and mice. By combating these parasites, mortality and performance degradation (in meat, milk, wool, fur, eggs, honey, etc.) are reduced, thus allowing for more economical and simpler animal husbandry through the application of the compositions disclosed herein.

[0110] The composition examples disclosed herein can be combined with the method examples disclosed herein in any way. Similarly, the method examples disclosed herein can be combined in any way. Therefore, the following examples are to be interpreted as illustrative only and are not intended to limit this disclosure in any way.

[0111] All aspects of this disclosure are provided by the subject of the following terms: 1. A bait composition comprising: (i) At least one bioactive ingredient that kills harmful organisms; (ii) At least one type of bait; (iii) at least one dispersant; and (iv) At least one thickener, in an amount not exceeding about 0.80 wt%; The bait composition contains no more than about 6.0 wt% of anionic dispersant.

[0112] 2. The bait composition as described in the preceding clause, wherein the at least one thickener is present in an amount ranging from about 0.30 wt% to about 0.80 wt%.

[0113] 3. The bait composition as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein the at least one thickener is selected from magnesium aluminosilicate hydrate, xanthan gum, amorphous silica, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, gum arabic, and combinations thereof.

[0114] 4. The bait composition as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein the at least one dispersant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.10 wt% to about 2.0 wt%.

[0115] 5. The bait composition as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein the at least one dispersant is selected from sulfosuccinates, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (e.g., STEPWET DOS 70-PG), lignin sulfonates (e.g., REAX 88B or POLYFON F, Borresperse NA), naphthalene sulfonate condensates (e.g., Morwet D425, Morwet D400, Supragil MNS88), alkyl ethoxyphosphates (e.g., Dextrol OC180, Stepfac 1818K), alkyl sulfates (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate), and combinations thereof.

[0116] 6. The bait composition as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein the bait composition comprises at least one nonionic dispersant selected from graft polymers, acrylic acid graft copolymers (e.g., ATLOX4913), polymethyl methacrylate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymers (e.g., STEP-FLOW 4000), alkyl glycosides, C 9-11 Alkyl polyglucosides (e.g., AGNIQUE PG 9116), C 8-10Alkyl polyglucosides (e.g., AGNIQUE PG 8107), polyvinylpyrrolidone (e.g., PVP K-30, PVP 60, PVP 90), polyepoxide block copolymers, polyepoxide glycol ethers (e.g., Atlas G5000), butyl polyepoxide block copolymers (e.g., TOXIMUL 8330, Emulsogen EP4910), alkyl ethoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates (e.g., Sorprophor BSU, Markon TSP), and combinations thereof.

[0117] 7. The bait composition as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein the at least one bioactive ingredient is present in an amount ranging from about 0.10 wt% to about 0.70 wt%.

[0118] 8. The bait composition as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein the biocidal active ingredient is selected from suicidal insecticides, nematicides, biological pest control agents, and combinations thereof.

[0119] 9. The bait composition as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein the bioactive ingredient comprises an insecticide.

[0120] 10. The bait composition as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein the insecticide is a diamide selected from chlorantraniliprole, bromonitrile cyanamide, tetrachlorantraniliprole, bromonitrile cyanamide, dichlorantraniliprole, tetrazolium cyanamide, cyclobromhizometranilamide, chlorfluazuron, flufenoxuron, and combinations thereof.

[0121] 11. The bait composition as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein the insecticide is bromocyanamide.

[0122] 12. The bait composition as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein the composition comprises a bioactive ingredient selected from: abamectin, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenapyr, acetamiprid, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, tebufenozide (methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate [(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-6,12-dihydroxy-4,6a,12b-trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(3-pyridyl)-2H,11H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrano[3,4-e]pyran-4-yl]), sulfadiazine, amitraz, abamectin Miconazole, azadirachtin, phosmet, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, pyrimethanil, bifenthrin, κ-bifenthrin, bifenazate, bispyribac-methyl, borate, bromoxynil, thiamethoxam, thionylphos, carbaryl, carbofuran, pyridaben, chlorantraniliprole, bromoxynil, difenoconazole, dextrorotatory trans-cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-e, methyl chlorpyrifos, cyclofenazate, tetradifon, dextrorotatory trans-cypermethrin, thiamethoxam, bromonitrile (3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cyclobromofenazate (3-bromo-N-[2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[[(1 [-Cyclopropylethyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cypermethrin, epoxim ((5S,8R)-1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-9-nitro-5,8-epoxy-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]azapyr), pyridaben, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, β-cyfluthrin, chlorfenapyr, trifluralin, γ-cyfluthrin, λ-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, α-cypermethrin, ζ-cypermethrin, cyromazine, deltamethrin, difenoconazole, diazinon, dichlorvos, dieldrin, diflubenzuron, tetrafluoromethrin, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos Fruit, pyrimethanil, fipronil, benzyl ether, emamectin benzoate, endosulfan, cypermethrin, acetamiprid, ethoxysulfuron, ε-methoxybenzylflupyr, etoxazole, fenbutatin, fenitrothion, fenthiocarb, fenoxycarb, cypermethrin, flufenoxuron, flumettroquinone (2-ethyl-3,7-dimethyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]-4-quinolinylmethyl ester), flupyridine, trifluralin, flufenoxuron, cypermethrin, pyrimethanil, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron ((αE)-2-[[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)phenylacetic acid methyl ester), sulfadiazine (5-chloro-2-[(3,4,4-Trifluoro-3-buten-1-yl)sulfonyl]thiazole), fluopyram, fluopyram, tebufenozide (1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-[(2-methyl-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylon), flupyrflufenone (4-[[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl) [Amino]-2(5H)-furanone), fluoropyrimidine, cypermethrin, t-cypermethrin, fluoxazolamide, terbufos, thiamethoxam, γ-trifluorocypermethrin, chlorantraniliprole, heptamethrin (2,2-dimethyl-3-[(1Z)-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propen-1-yl]cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl ester), flufenoxuron Urea, thiamethoxam, flufenoxuron, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, insecticidal soap, isopropyl phosphate, isoxazoline, κ-heptafluthrin, λ-cyhalothrin, lufenuron, malathion, chlorpyrifos ((1R,3S)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid [2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl ester), cyfluthrin, metaldehyde, methamidophos Phoxim, methiocarb, methomyl, tebufenozide, methoxydichlorophenoxyacetic acid, methoxyfenozide, ε-methoxyfenozide, ε-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, pyrethroid, pyrethroid (3-(2-cyano-1-propen-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid [2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl ester), nicotine, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, flufenoxuron, polyfluorourea, etc. N -[1,1-Dimethyl-2-(methylthio)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2 H -Indazole-4-carboxamide, N -[1,1-Dimethyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2 H -Indazole-4-carboxamide, N -[1,1-Dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2 H -Indazole-4-carboxamide, N-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide and N -[1-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]-2-(3-pyridyl)-2 H-Indazole-4-carboxamide, chlorpyrifos, oxadiazon, parathion, methyl parathion, permethrin, phorate, fenthion, phosmet, phosmet, pymetrozine, propargite, propargite, propargite, pyrethroid, pyrfluthamide (1,3,5-trimethyl-N-(2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-N-[3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methoxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide) Pymetrozine, pyridaben, pyrethroids, pyridaben, acetamiprid, pyrifluquinazon, pyrimethanil ((αE)-2-[[[2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)amino]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]oxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)phenylacetic acid methyl ester), fluopyram, pyrazosulfan, pyriproxyfen, rotenone, ranylene, flusilazole, ethyl spinosad, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spirodiclofen, methoxypiperidine ethyl ester, spirotetramat, thiophanate-methyl Phosphorus, flupyradifurone (N-[methyloxy[1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]ethyl]-λ4-thionyl]cyanamide), tebufenozide, pyridaben, flufenoxuron, heptafluthrin, κ-heptafluthrin, terbufos, tetrachlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, pyrethroid, methamidophos, tetrafluoroethylene (2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylate[2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl ester), tetrazolium, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos Thiazolamide (3-phenyl-5-(2-thienyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole), chlorfenapyr, tetrabromopyrethrin, pymetrozine, trichlorfon, trifluralin (2,4-dioxo-1-(5-pyrimidinylmethyl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinium endonium salt), chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, zeylebium, Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin, entomopathogenic bacteria, entomopathogenic viruses, entomopathogenic fungi, and combinations thereof.

[0123] 13. The bait composition as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein the at least one bait comprises a component selected from feeding attractants, attractants, sugar attractants, ammonia, ammonium salts, hydrolyzed proteins, plant proteins, hydrolyzed plant proteins, yeast proteins, hydrolyzed yeast proteins, animal proteins, hydrolyzed animal proteins, and combinations thereof.

[0124] 14. The bait composition as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein the at least one bait does not contain animal protein or hydrolyzed animal protein.

[0125] 15. The bait composition as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein the at least one bait comprises about 55 wt% to about 80 wt% of at least one feeding attractant, about 0.50 wt% to about 0.90 wt% of at least one sugar attractant, and / or about 0.50 wt% to about 0.90 wt% of at least one ammonium salt.

[0126] 16. The bait composition as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein the ammonium salt is selected from ammonium acetate, ammonium citrate, ammonium tartrate, ammonium lactate, water-soluble ammonium salts of fatty acids, and combinations thereof.

[0127] 17. The bait composition as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein the bait composition further comprises at least one adjuvant selected from defoamers, antifreeze agents, biocides, and combinations thereof.

[0128] 18. The bait composition as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein the bait composition is a premixed formulation.

[0129] 19. The bait composition as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein, after the bait composition is applied to a surface, it does not leave any noticeably visible residue on the surface.

[0130] 20. A method for preparing a bait composition, the method comprising: A) Forming a mixture comprising: (i) At least one bioactive ingredient that kills harmful organisms; (ii) At least one type of bait; (iii) at least one dispersant; and (iv) At least one thickener, in an amount not exceeding about 0.80 wt%; The bait composition contains no more than about 6.0 wt% of an anionic dispersant; and B) The mixture may be diluted with water.

[0131] 21. A method for controlling a pest, the method comprising contacting the pest or its environment with a biologically effective amount of a composition comprising: (i) At least one bioactive ingredient that kills harmful organisms; (ii) At least one type of bait; (iii) at least one dispersant; and (iv) At least one thickener, in an amount not exceeding about 0.80 wt%; The bait composition contains no more than about 6.0 wt% of anionic dispersant.

[0132] 22. The method as described in the preceding clause, wherein the pest is selected from invertebrate pests, insects, arthropods, and combinations thereof.

[0133] 23. The method described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein the environment is selected from farmland, orchards, forests, and combinations thereof.

[0134] 24. The method as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein contacting the pest or its environment with a biologically effective amount of the composition comprises applying the bait composition using an applicator selected from land-based sprayers, tractors, backpack sprayers, aerial sprayers, drones, and combinations thereof.

[0135] Without further elaboration, it is believed that those skilled in the art can utilize the invention to its fullest extent using the foregoing description. Therefore, the following examples should be interpreted as illustrative only and do not limit this disclosure in any way.

[0136] Example Example 1. Decoy composition.

[0137] The decoy compositions according to this disclosure were prepared and are shown in Tables 1-2. Composition IE10 is a 75% dilution of composition IE1. Diluted formulations like composition IE10 are particularly advantageous for manufacture due to their lower viscosity compared to the undiluted formulation.

[0138] The bait compositions in Table 1-2 did not leave any noticeable residue after being applied to the surface.

[0139] Table 1. Bait compositions.

[0140] Table 2. Bait Compositions.

[0141] Example 2. Efficacy.

[0142] Evaluate the efficacy of the bait compositions listed in Tables 1-2 applied to fruit flies. Laboratory-raised fruit flies were exposed in insect cages to cotton cores treated with 1 ml of 333 ppm AI bait solution for 7 hours. After 7 hours, the bait was removed and replaced with a sugar solution until the last mortality assessment. Mortality was assessed by counting the number of dead and dying fruit flies at 5 DAEs. Male and female fruit flies were counted separately. Each experiment was repeated three times. A mortality level of at least 70% was considered acceptable.

[0143] The results are shown in Table 3. The results are the average of the two tests.

[0144] Composition CE1 is a comparative commercial fruit fly bait composition containing 0.02 wt% spinosad and 99.8 wt% inert ingredients, with 0.16 wt% bromocyanamide added. These inert ingredients include hydrolyzed protein, high-fructose corn syrup (also known as invertose sugar or invertose), vegetable oil, adjuvants, wetting agents, and attractants. Composition CE1 is applied at a ratio of 12 ppm AI.

[0145] Composition CE2 is a comparative commercial fruit fly bait composition containing inert ingredients, to which 0.43 wt% bromocyanamide has been added. These inert ingredients include hydrolyzed protein. Composition CE2 is applied at a rate of 333 ppm AI.

[0146] The composition CE3 consists of water.

[0147] Table 3. Efficacy five days after exposure.

[0148] It was observed that, generally, the presence of relatively large amounts of anionic dispersants resulted in lower efficacy. It was also observed that, generally, even in the absence of anionic dispersants, the presence of relatively large amounts of thickeners also resulted in lower efficacy. Therefore, it was recognized that controlling the amounts of anionic dispersants and thickeners can produce improved efficacy.

[0149] Using controlled amounts of anionic dispersants and thickeners is also beneficial in reducing visible residues after application. In the examples of this invention, no clearly visible residues were observed after application to the surface.

[0150] Example 3. Phytotoxicity.

[0151] The responses of citrus and olive crops to the application of the premixed bait composition disclosed herein were evaluated as follows. Plants of the target crops were grown in a field under farm conditions. The plants were sprayed using an electric pump sprayer at different ratios. Phytotoxicity (%) was evaluated based on the treated portion of the canopy, considering the damaged area and damage intensity, at 7 and 14 days.

[0152] CE4 is a comparative composition containing 0.02 wt% Spinosad A&D, 0.025 wt% - <0.05 wt% 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one and other components (including plant protein, stabilizer, sugar and humectant).

[0153] Results for citrus are provided in Table 4. These are average results from six trials. Results for olive are provided in Table 5. These are average results from four trials. No phytotoxicity was observed after either 7 or 14 DAT for either crop.

[0154] Table 4. Phytotoxicity evaluation of citrus fruits.

[0155] Table 5. Phytotoxicity evaluation of olives.

[0156] Example 4. Visible residue.

[0157] The following evaluation is based on residual spray deposits on olive and citrus fruits and leaves after application of the premixed composition according to this disclosure. The test composition was sprayed onto olive or citrus fruits and leaves. Visible residue was measured using the following scale: 0 = no visible residue, 1 = slightly visible residue, 2 = moderately visible residue, and 3 = highly visible residue. The number of fruits in each category was counted.

[0158] Results for citrus are provided in Table 6. These are averages from three trials. Results for olive are provided in Table 7. These are averages from four trials. For both crops, except for some trials conducted at high rates, no spray deposits were observed for the compositions of the invention.

[0159] Table 6. Evaluation of residues in citrus fruits.

[0160] Table 7. Evaluation of residues in olives.

[0161] Other results Figure 1A-Figure 1B and Figure 2A-Figure 2B As shown in the image. Specifically, Figure 1A These are photographs of citrus fruits after applying the composition of this invention (IE10). Figure 1B These are photographs of leaves after the application of the composition of the present invention (IE10). Figure 2A These are photographs of citrus fruits after application of the comparative composition CE4, and... Figure 2B These are photographs of leaves after application of the comparative composition CE4. As can be seen, the composition of the present invention leaves no visible residue on citrus fruits or leaves, while the comparative composition CE4 leaves clearly visible dark residue on citrus fruits and leaves.

[0162] Example 5. Systemic efficacy of citrus.

[0163] The following evaluations are based on the systemic efficacy and fruit damage of the premixed composition applied according to this disclosure against adult Mediterranean fruit flies (FF). Adults were assessed using pheromone traps, with one trap placed in the center of each plot. Assessments were conducted weekly, during which the number of adults in the traps was counted.

[0164] The results for adult insects are provided in Table 8. They are the average results from three trials. It was observed that all compositions of the present invention reduced the number of adults in the traps.

[0165] Table 8. Adult insects on citrus fruits.

[0166] Fruit damage results are provided in Table 9. These are the average results from six trials. At least 100 fruits were evaluated per plot. It was observed that all compositions of the present invention reduced the number of damaged fruits.

[0167] Table 9. Adult insects on citrus fruits.

[0168] Example 6. Olive systemic efficacy.

[0169] The following evaluation is based on the application of the premixed composition according to this disclosure to fruit flies (FF) olive fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). Bractrocera oleae The systemic efficacy of adult insects and their damage to fruit were assessed. Adults were evaluated using pheromone traps, with one trap placed in the center of each plot. Assessments were conducted weekly, during which the number of adults in the traps was counted.

[0170] The results for adult insects are provided in Table 10. They are the average results from two trials. It was observed that all compositions of the present invention reduced the number of adults in the traps.

[0171] Table 10. Adult insects on olives.

[0172] Fruit damage results are provided in Table 11. They are the average results of four trials. A minimum of 20 fruits were evaluated per plot. It was observed that all compositions of the present invention reduced the number of damaged fruits.

[0173] Table 11. Adult insects on olives.

[0174] The bait compositions disclosed herein exhibit numerous advantages. They are effective and applicable to a wide variety of crops and pests. They are premixed formulations that do not require further mixing. In cases where the bait compositions contain protein, they can be applied directly without reformulating the bait composition, as they do not contain animal protein. Furthermore, since the bait compositions do not leave noticeable residues on the fruit, minimal post-harvest processing is required to remove residues.

Claims

1. A bait composition comprising: (i) At least one bioactive ingredient that kills harmful organisms; (ii) At least one type of bait; (iii) at least one dispersant; and (iv) At least one thickener, in an amount not exceeding about 0.80 wt%; The bait composition contains no more than about 6.0 wt% of anionic dispersant.

2. The bait composition of claim 1, wherein, The at least one thickener is present in an amount ranging from about 0.30 wt% to about 0.80 wt%.

3. The bait composition according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein, The at least one thickener is selected from hydrated magnesium aluminosilicate, xanthan gum, amorphous silica, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, gum arabic, and combinations thereof.

4. The bait composition according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The at least one dispersant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.010 wt% to about 2.0 wt%.

5. The bait composition according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The at least one dispersant is selected from sulfosuccinates, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (e.g., STEPWET DOS 70-PG), lignin sulfonates (e.g., REAX 88B or POLYFON F, Borresperse NA), naphthalene sulfonate condensates (e.g., Morwet D425, Morwet D400, Supragil MNS88), alkyl ethoxyphosphates (e.g., Dextrol OC180, Stepfac 1818K), alkyl sulfates (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate), and combinations thereof.

6. The bait composition according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The bait composition comprises at least one nonionic dispersant selected from graft polymers, acrylic acid graft copolymers (e.g., ATLOX4913), polymethyl methacrylate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymers (e.g., STEP-FLOW 4000), alkyl glycosides, C 9-11 Alkyl polyglucosides (e.g., AGNIQUE PG 9116), C 8-10 Alkyl polyglucosides (e.g., AGNIQUE PG 8107), polyvinylpyrrolidone (e.g., PVP K-30, PVP 60, PVP 90), polyepoxide block copolymers, polyepoxide glycol ethers (e.g., Atlas G5000), butyl polyepoxide block copolymers (e.g., TOXIMUL 8330, Emulsogen EP4910), alkyl ethoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates (e.g., Sorprophor BSU, Markon TSP), and combinations thereof.

7. The bait composition according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The at least one bioactive ingredient is present in an amount ranging from about 0.10 wt% to about 0.70 wt%.

8. The bait composition according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The active ingredients for killing harmful organisms are selected from insecticides, nematicides, biological pest control agents, and combinations thereof.

9. The bait composition according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein, The active ingredient that kills harmful organisms includes insecticides.

10. The bait composition of claim 9, wherein, The insecticide is a diamide selected from chlorantraniliprole, bromonitrile cyanamide, tetrachlorantraniliprole, bromonitrile cyanamide, dichlorantraniliprole, tetrazolium cyanamide, cyclobromhizobium cyanamide, fluorine diamide, and combinations thereof.

11. The bait composition of claim 9, wherein, The insecticide is bromocyanamide.

12. The bait composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, This composition contains a variety of bioactive ingredients selected from the following: abamectin, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenapyr, acetamiprid, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, pyrimethanil (cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-6,12-dihydroxy-4,6a,12b-trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(3-pyridyl)-2H,11H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrano[3,4-e]pyran-4-yl]methyl ester), sulfadiazine, amitraz, abamectin, azadirachtin, phosmet, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, and pyrimethanil. Bifenthrin, κ-bifenthrin, bifenazate, bis(triflufenoxam), borate, bromoxynil, thiamethoxam, thion, carbaryl, carbofuran, pyridaben, chlorantraniliprole, bromonitrile, difenoconazole, dextrorotatory trans-chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-e, methyl chlorpyrifos, cyclofenazate, tetradifon, dextrorotatory trans-chlorpyrifos, thiamethoxam, bromonitrile cyanamide (3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cyclobromofenac (3-bromo-N-[2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[[(1-cyclopropylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)- 1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cypermethrin, epoxiconazole ((5S,8R)-1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-9-nitro-5,8-epoxy-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]azapyr), pyridaben, cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, β-cyfluthrin, chlorfenapyr, deltamethrin, γ-cyfluthrin, λ-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, α-cypermethrin, ζ-cypermethrin, cyromazine, deltamethrin, difenoazone, diazinon, dichlorvos, dieldrin, diflubenzuron, tetrafluoromethrin, cartap, dimethoate, pyrimethanil, dinotefuran, benzyl ether, emamectin benzoate, sulfur Dan, cypermethrin, acetamiprid, ethoxysulfuron, ε-methoxybenzylflupyr, etoxazole, fenbutatin, fenitrothion, fenthiocarb, fenoxycarb, cypermethrin, fipronil, flumettoquinone (2-ethyl-3,7-dimethyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]-4-quinolinylmethyl ester), flupyridine, trifluralin, flufenoxuron, cypermethrin, pyrimethanil, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron ((αE)-2-[[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)phenylacetic acid methyl ester), sulfadiazine (5-chloro-2-[(3,4,4-trifluoro-3-buten-1-yl)sulfonyl]thiazole), flupyroxonil, flupyradifurone, tebufenozide (1-[2,[6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-[(2-methyl-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazol-3-carboxylonitrile, flupyrflufenone (4-[[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino]-2(5H)-furanone), fluoropyrimidine, lambda-cyhalothrin, t-flupyrflufenone Fluoxazolamide, terbufos, chlorfenapyr, thiazophos, γ-trifluorocypermethrin, chlorantraniliprole, heptamethrin (2,2-dimethyl-3-[(1Z)-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propen-1-yl]cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl ester), flufenoxuron, thiamethoxam, flufenoxuron, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, insecticides Soap, isopropylamine, isoxaflutole, κ-heptafluthrin, λ-cyhalothrin, lufenuron, malathion, chlorpyrifos ((1R,3S)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid [2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl ester), cyhalothrin, metaldehyde, methamidophos, chlorpyrifos, methyl thiocarb, methomyl Immunochlor, tebufenozide, methoxydimethalin, methoxyfenozide, ε-methoxydimethalin, ε-cyhalothrin, pyrethroid, pyrethroid (3-(2-cyano-1-propen-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid [2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl ester), nicotine, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, flufenoxuron, polyfluorourea, etc. N -[1,1-Dimethyl-2-(methylthio)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2 H -Indazole-4-carboxamide, N -[1,1-Dimethyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2 H -Indazole-4-carboxamide, N -[1,1-Dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-7-fluoro-2-(3-pyridyl)-2 H -Indazole-4-carboxamide, N-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide and N -[1-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]-2-(3-pyridyl)-2 H -Indazole-4-carboxamide, chlorpyrifos, oxadiazon, parathion, methyl parathion, permethrin, phorate, fenthion, phosmet, phosmet, pymetrozine, propargite, propargite, propargite, pyrethroid, pyrfluthamide (1,3,5-trimethyl-N-(2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-N-[3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methoxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide) Pymetrozine, pyridaben, pyrethroids, pyridaben, acetamiprid, pyrifluquinazon, pyrimethanil ((αE)-2-[[[2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)amino]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]oxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)phenylacetic acid methyl ester), fluopyram, pyrazosulfan, pyriproxyfen, rotenone, ranylene, flusilazole, ethyl spinosad, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spirodiclofen, methoxypiperidine ethyl ester, spirotetramat, thiophanate-methyl Phosphorus, flupyradifurone (N-[methyloxy[1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]ethyl]-λ4-thionyl]cyanamide), tebufenozide, pyridaben, flufenoxuron, heptafluthrin, κ-heptafluthrin, terbufos, tetrachlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, pyrethroid, methamidophos, tetrafluoroethylene (2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylate[2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl ester), tetrazolium, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos Thiazolamide (3-phenyl-5-(2-thienyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole), chlorfenapyr, tetrabromopyrethrin, pymetrozine, trichlorfon, trifluralin (2,4-dioxo-1-(5-pyrimidinylmethyl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinium endonium salt), chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, zeylebium, Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin, entomopathogenic bacteria, entomopathogenic viruses, entomopathogenic fungi, and combinations thereof.

13. The bait composition according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein, The at least one bait comprises a component selected from feeding attractants, attractants, sugar attractants, ammonia, ammonium salts, hydrolyzed proteins, plant proteins, hydrolyzed plant proteins, yeast proteins, hydrolyzed yeast proteins, animal proteins, hydrolyzed animal proteins, and combinations thereof.

14. The bait composition according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein, At least one of the baits does not contain animal protein or hydrolyzed animal protein.

15. The bait composition according to any one of claims 1-14, wherein, The at least one bait comprises about 55 wt% to about 80 wt% of at least one feeding attractant, about 0.50 wt% to about 0.90 wt% of at least one sugar attractant, and / or about 0.50 wt% to about 0.90 wt% of at least one ammonium salt.

16. The bait composition according to any one of claims 13-15, wherein, The ammonium salt is selected from ammonium acetate, ammonium citrate, ammonium tartrate, ammonium lactate, water-soluble ammonium salts of fatty acids, and combinations thereof.

17. The bait composition according to any one of claims 1-16, further comprising at least one adjuvant selected from defoamers, antifreeze agents, biocides, and combinations thereof.

18. The bait composition according to any one of claims 1-17, wherein, The bait composition is a premixed formulation.

19. The bait composition according to any one of claims 1-18, wherein, After the bait composition is applied to a surface, it does not leave any noticeable residue on the surface.

20. A method for preparing a bait composition, the method comprising: A) Forming a mixture comprising: (i) At least one bioactive ingredient that kills harmful organisms; (ii) At least one type of bait; (iii) at least one dispersant; and (iv) At least one thickener, in an amount not exceeding about 0.80 wt%; The bait composition contains no more than about 6.0 wt% of an anionic dispersant; and B) The mixture may be diluted with water.

21. A method for controlling a pest, the method comprising contacting the pest or its environment with a biologically effective amount of a composition, the composition comprising: (i) At least one bioactive ingredient that kills harmful organisms; (ii) At least one type of bait; (iii) at least one dispersant; and (iv) At least one thickener, in an amount not exceeding about 0.80 wt%; The bait composition contains no more than about 6.0 wt% of anionic dispersant.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein, The pests are selected from invertebrate pests, insects, arthropods and combinations thereof.

23. The method according to any one of claims 21-22, wherein, The environment was selected from farmland, orchards, forests, and combinations thereof.

24. The method according to any one of claims 21-23, wherein, Contacting the pest or its environment with a biologically effective amount of the composition includes applying the bait composition using an applicator selected from land-based sprayers, tractors, backpack sprayers, aerial sprayers, drones, and combinations thereof.

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