Dam osmotic pressure resistance type measuring device capable of remotely monitoring in real time and accuracy verification method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of dam safety monitoring engineering, and discloses a dam osmotic pressure resistance type measuring device capable of remote real-time monitoring and an accuracy verification method. In the device, the lower end of a pressure measuring pipe is a water inlet pipe section; the resistance type osmometer is fixed in the water inlet pipe section; the osmotic pressure verification unit comprises a small range finder and a range finding buoy; the small range finder is arranged in the water inlet pipe section and fixed on the top of the resistance type osmometer, and the distance measuring buoy is located in the pressure measuring pipe and located above the small range finder so as to float on the water surface above the small range finder; the osmotic pressure verification unit is used for verifying the osmotic pressure at the bottom end of the resistance type osmometer; and the field data acquisition end is electrically connected with the resistance type osmometer and the small range finder respectively through cables, and is used for acquiring data of the resistance type osmometer and data of the small range finder in real time and transmitting the data to the remote monitoring platform. The system can realize remote real-time automatic monitoring, and is high in measurement efficiency and reliable in measurement data.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of reservoir dam safety monitoring engineering, and in particular to a dam seepage pressure resistance type measuring device capable of remote real-time monitoring and an accuracy verification method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, as the key infrastructure for regulating water resources and ensuring flood control safety, the long-term stable operation of a dam is of great importance. Seepage pressure monitoring is one of the core means for evaluating the safety state of a dam structure. By real-time monitoring of the changes in pore water pressure within the dam body and dam foundation, important basis can be provided for judging the seepage stability of the dam.

[0003] Currently, traditional seepage pressure measuring devices mostly use on-site display or manual periodic data collection methods, which have obvious limitations in actual application. Firstly, they cannot realize remote real-time transmission of data, making it difficult for management personnel to obtain seepage pressure dynamic information in a timely manner, to identify and respond to abnormal seepage conditions in a timely manner, and to lack early warning and disposal capabilities. Secondly, water level measurement relies on manual operation, and frequent on-site operations not only reduce efficiency, but also increase work intensity and safety risks. Thirdly, the existing technology lacks an effective and reliable verification mechanism for measurement results, which raises doubts about the authenticity and accuracy of the data, and further affects the scientific judgment of the safety state of the dam. With the continuous improvement of information technology, sensor technology and automation level, higher requirements are put forward for the real-time, accuracy and reliability of dam seepage pressure monitoring. It has become an urgent need for the development of the industry to develop a new type of seepage pressure resistance measuring device that can break through the time and space limitations, support remote real-time monitoring, and have built-in verification functions. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, one object of the present application is to provide a dam seepage pressure resistance measuring device capable of remote real-time monitoring and an accuracy verification method, which can realize remote real-time automatic monitoring, has high measurement efficiency and reliable measurement data.

[0005] The dam seepage pressure resistance measuring device capable of remote real-time monitoring according to the first aspect of the present application comprises: a pressure measuring pipe, the lower end of the pressure measuring pipe being a water inlet pipe section, the pressure measuring pipe being used to be inserted into a drill hole and the water inlet pipe section being located at the lower end of the drill hole; a resistance type seepage pressure gauge, the resistance type seepage pressure gauge being placed at a monitoring elevation within the water inlet pipe and being used to monitor the seepage pressure at the bottom end position of the resistance type seepage pressure gauge; The pressure verification unit includes a small rangefinder and a rangefinder float. The small rangefinder is installed inside the inlet pipe section and fixed on the top of the resistive piezometer. The rangefinder float is located inside the pressure measuring tube and above the small rangefinder, floating on the water surface above the small rangefinder. The small rangefinder and the rangefinder float are used to jointly monitor the water level above the small rangefinder in real time, thereby verifying the pressure at the bottom of the resistive piezometer. The field data acquisition terminal is electrically connected to the resistive piezometer and the miniature distance measuring instrument via cables, and is used to collect the measurement data of the resistive piezometer and the measurement data of the miniature distance measuring instrument in real time and transmit them to the remote monitoring platform.

[0006] The remote, real-time monitoring device for dam seepage resistance measurement according to embodiments of the present invention has the following advantages: First, it features remote, real-time, and automated monitoring, enabling remote transmission, real-time data transmission, and real-time monitoring, and can operate normally under certain water pressure conditions. On one hand, it monitors the seepage pressure at the bottom of the piezometer using a resistive piezometer. Simultaneously, a seepage pressure verification unit monitors the water level above the small rangefinder to verify the seepage pressure at the bottom of the piezometer, achieving automatic and reliable seepage pressure monitoring. On the other hand, it automatically collects measurement data from the piezometer and the seepage pressure verification unit at the field data acquisition terminal and transmits it to the remote monitoring platform using wireless communication technology, realizing remote, real-time, and automatic acquisition and transmission of seepage pressure data. Management personnel can promptly grasp the dam's seepage pressure status without being physically present on-site, significantly reducing the number and cost of manual inspections and improving monitoring efficiency. Second, it offers highly efficient automatic and real-time monitoring of the water level elevation within the borehole. By using the seepage pressure verification unit (small rangefinder and rangefinder float), the water level within the borehole is automatically, continuously, and in real-time monitored without any manual intervention or repeated manual measurements, reducing labor costs. The monitoring data can also verify the working status and accuracy of the resistive piezometer. Third, the verification method is effective and the data is reliable. The seepage pressure at the bottom of the resistive piezometer is monitored, and simultaneously, the seepage pressure at the bottom of the piezometer is verified by monitoring the water level above the small distance measuring instrument using a seepage verification unit, thus improving the reliability of the pressure measurement data. Fourth, installation does not require pulling long cables into the monitoring box; simply place the resistive piezometer inside the pressure measuring pipe and connect the cable to the field data acquisition terminal at the orifice. Fifth, the device has a simple structural principle and simple construction and installation process, achieving the goal of rapid installation and remote real-time monitoring.

[0007] In some embodiments, the miniature rangefinder measures the height of the water level above it by transmitting a signal to the rangefinder float and receiving the reflected signal from the rangefinder float.

[0008] In some embodiments, the resistive piezometer includes a circuit board disposed within a housing, two sliding resistive elements, a steel wire pointer, a steel wire, a pressure-sensing diaphragm, and permeable stones; the circuit board is fixed to the bottom of the miniature rangefinder; the two sliding resistive elements are arranged opposite each other below the circuit board and are electrically connected to the circuit board respectively; the steel wire pointer is movably disposed between the two sliding resistive elements, and both ends of the steel wire pointer are in contact with the two sliding resistive elements respectively; the upper end of the steel wire is fixed to the steel wire pointer; the pressure-sensing diaphragm is disposed below the steel wire, and the center position of the pressure-sensing diaphragm is fixed to the lower end of the steel wire; the permeable stones are arranged at intervals below the pressure-sensing diaphragm.

[0009] In some embodiments, when the resistive piezometer detects an increase in seepage pressure at the bottom of the piezometer within the pressure measuring tube, the pressure sensing diaphragm bulges upward, pushing the steel string and the steel string pointer to slide upward, thereby reducing the overall resistance value of the resistive piezometer and increasing the current data at the field data acquisition terminal. Correspondingly, the height of the water level above the small distance measuring instrument, as monitored by the small distance measuring instrument and the distance measuring float, increases. When the resistive piezometer detects a decrease in piezometer pressure at the bottom of the pressure measuring tube, the pressure sensing diaphragm dips downward, pulling the steel string and the steel string pointer downward, causing the overall resistance of the resistive piezometer to increase, the current data at the field data acquisition terminal to decrease, and correspondingly, the height of the water level above the small distance measuring instrument, as monitored by the small distance measuring instrument and the distance measuring float, decreases.

[0010] In some embodiments, if the output current of the resistive piezometer in its natural state... I 0, then the first resistance piezometer n The osmotic pressure and current measured in this instance should have the following relationship: (1) In equation (1), P n For the first n seepage pressure at the time of the second measurement I n For the first n Current output value during the second measurement k This is the proportionality coefficient; If the first n Seepage pressure during the second measurement P n The corresponding water pressure height is h, The height from the top of the miniature rangefinder to the bottom of the resistive osmotic pressure gauge is h 1. The height measured by the small rangefinder and the rangefinder float is: h2, then we have: (2) Then the osmotic pressure is used in the nth measurement. h It can be represented as: (3) In the formula, ρ is the density of water. g It is the acceleration due to gravity. A The area under stress; Verify equation (1) based on equation (3).

[0011] In some embodiments, the ranging float passes through the cable.

[0012] In some embodiments, a borehole cover is also included, which covers the opening of the drilled hole.

[0013] In some embodiments, a protective box and a solar panel are also included; the field data acquisition terminal and the orifice cover are located inside the protective box, and the solar panel is disposed on the top of the protective box for supplying power to the field data acquisition terminal.

[0014] In some embodiments, the installation steps are as follows: The drilling process; The pressure measuring tube is fabricated and installed as follows: a water-permeable hole is provided in the water inlet pipe section, and geotextile is wrapped around the outer periphery of the water inlet pipe section; Backfilling inside the borehole: After the pressure measuring pipe is installed in the borehole, the gravel filter layer, grout-stopping material and cement mortar are backfilled into the borehole from bottom to top around the pressure measuring pipe in sequence, wherein the gravel filter layer completely covers the water inlet pipe section. Placement of the resistive piezometer and the miniature distance measuring instrument: Before placement, soak the resistive piezometer until saturated and remove all air. After measuring the initial value, place it in the monitoring position inside the pressure measuring tube; after the resistive piezometer and the miniature distance measuring instrument are placed, thread the distance measuring float along the cable. Seal the hole.

[0015] The second aspect of the present invention also proposes an accuracy verification method for a dam seepage resistance measuring device that can be remotely monitored in real time, wherein the dam seepage resistance measuring device that can be remotely monitored in real time is the dam seepage resistance measuring device that can be remotely monitored in real time according to the first aspect of the present invention.

[0016] The accuracy verification method of the remotely monitored dam seepage pressure resistance measurement device according to the present invention utilizes the seepage pressure verification unit to monitor the water level in the pressure measuring tube in real time to verify the seepage pressure at the bottom of the resistance piezometer, thereby realizing the direct verification of the measurement results of the resistance piezometer, improving the reliability of the pressure measurement data, and improving the accuracy of the judgment of the dam safety status.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dam seepage resistance measuring device that can be remotely monitored in real time according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the resistive piezometer according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 3 This is a set of comparison charts verifying the accuracy of dam seepage pressure monitoring data according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure Labels The following components are included: a remotely monitored real-time dam seepage pressure resistance measurement device 1000; a pressure measuring tube 1; an inlet pipe section 101; a permeable hole 1011; a resistance piezometer 2; a circuit board 201; a sliding resistance element 202; a steel wire pointer 203; a steel wire 204; a pressure sensing membrane 205; permeable stone 206; a seepage pressure verification unit 3; a small rangefinder 301; a rangefinder float 302; a field data acquisition terminal 4; a borehole 5; a cable 6; a remote monitoring platform 7; a remote data receiving terminal 701; a remote data processing terminal 702; a manhole cover 8; a protective box 9; a solar panel 10; a gravel filter layer 11; a grout-stopping material layer 12; and a cement mortar layer 13. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0021] The following is combined with Figs. 1 to 3 This invention describes a remote, real-time monitoring device 1000 for measuring the seepage resistance of dams and an accuracy verification method.

[0022] like Figs. 1 to 3 As shown, the dam seepage pressure resistance measurement device 1000, which can be remotely monitored in real time according to the first aspect of the present invention, includes a pressure measuring tube 1, a resistance piezometer 2, a seepage pressure verification unit 3, and a field data acquisition terminal 4.

[0023] The lower end of the pressure testing tube 1 is the water inlet section 101. The pressure testing tube 1 is used to insert into the borehole 5, and the water inlet section 101 is located at the lower end of the borehole 5. The water inlet section 101 allows the seepage water from the lower end of the borehole 5 to seep into the pressure testing tube from the side and bottom of the water inlet section 101, while preventing mud and sand from entering the pressure testing tube.

[0024] The resistance piezometer 2 is placed inside the inlet pipe 101 at a monitoring elevation to monitor the seepage pressure at its bottom. The function of the resistance piezometer 2 is to accurately monitor the seepage pressure (pore water pressure) at its bottom position and convert the physical pressure signal into a measurable electrical signal to achieve pressure measurement.

[0025] The pressure verification unit 3 includes a miniature rangefinder 301 and a rangefinder float 302. The miniature rangefinder 301 is installed inside the inlet pipe section 101 and fixed on top of the resistive piezometer 2. The rangefinder float 302 is located inside the pressure measuring tube 1 and above the miniature rangefinder 301, floating on the water surface above the miniature rangefinder 301. The miniature rangefinder 301 and the rangefinder float 302 are used together to monitor the water level above the miniature rangefinder 301 in real time, thereby verifying the pressure at the bottom of the resistive piezometer 2. The pressure verification unit 3 is an independent measurement system set up to verify the accuracy of the pressure measured by the resistive piezometer 2, consisting of the miniature rangefinder 301 and the rangefinder float 302. The miniature rangefinder 301 is installed inside the inlet pipe section 101 and fixedly mounted on top of the resistive piezometer 2. The distance-measuring float 302 is located inside the piezometer 1, floating on the water surface above the miniature distance measuring instrument 301, and can rise and fall freely with changes in water level. The miniature distance measuring instrument 301 and the distance-measuring float 302 work together to monitor the water level above the miniature distance measuring instrument 301 in real time by measuring the distance between them. Using the known fixed height difference, the monitored seepage pressure value acting on the bottom of the resistive piezometer 2 can be calculated, thus cross-validating the direct measurement results of the resistive piezometer 2, improving the reliability of the pressure measurement data, and enhancing the accuracy of the assessment of the dam's safety status. The field data acquisition terminal 4 is electrically connected to the resistive piezometer 2 and the miniature distance measuring instrument 301 via cables 6, and is used to collect the measurement data of the resistive piezometer 2 and the miniature distance measuring instrument 301 in real time, transmitting the data to the remote monitoring platform 7. The remote monitoring platform 7 includes a remote data receiving terminal 701 and a remote data processing terminal 702. The on-site data acquisition terminal 4 transmits the collected measurement data to the remote data receiving terminal 701 via a wireless network. The remote data processing terminal 702 processes, displays, and archives the data to achieve remote, real-time monitoring and archiving analysis of the data.

[0026] The remote real-time monitoring dam seepage resistance measuring device 1000 of this invention has the following advantages: First, it features remote, real-time, and automated monitoring, enabling remote transmission, real-time data transmission, and real-time monitoring, and can operate normally under certain water pressure conditions. On one hand, it monitors the seepage pressure at the bottom of the piezometer 2 using a resistance piezometer 2. Simultaneously, it verifies the seepage pressure at the bottom of the piezometer 2 by monitoring the water level above the small rangefinder 301 using a seepage pressure verification unit 3, achieving automatic and reliable seepage pressure monitoring. On the other hand, it automatically collects measurement data from the piezometer 2 and the seepage pressure verification unit 3 through the field data acquisition terminal 4, and transmits this data to the remote monitoring platform 7 using wireless communication technology, realizing remote, real-time, and automatic acquisition and transmission of seepage pressure data. Management personnel can promptly grasp the dam's seepage pressure status without being physically present on-site, significantly reducing the number and cost of manual inspections and improving monitoring efficiency. Second, it has a highly efficient function for automatically and in real-time monitoring of the water level elevation within the borehole. The water level in the borehole is automatically, continuously, and in real-time monitored using the pressure verification unit 3 (small rangefinder 301 and rangefinder float 302). The process requires no manual intervention or repeated measurements, reducing labor costs. The monitoring data also verifies the working status and accuracy of the resistance piezometer 2. Thirdly, the verification method is effective and the data is reliable. The pressure at the bottom of the resistance piezometer 2 is monitored by the resistance piezometer 2, while the water level above the small rangefinder 301 is monitored by the pressure verification unit 3 to verify the pressure at the bottom of the resistance piezometer 2, improving the reliability of the pressure measurement data. Fourthly, installation does not require pulling a long cable 6 into the monitoring box; simply place the resistance piezometer 2 inside the pressure measuring tube, and connect the cable 6 to the field data acquisition terminal 4 at the borehole opening. Fifthly, the device has a simple structural principle and simple construction and installation process, achieving rapid installation and remote real-time monitoring.

[0027] In some embodiments, the miniature rangefinder 301 measures the water level above it by transmitting a signal to the rangefinder float 302 and receiving the reflected signal from the rangefinder float 302. This achieves high-precision, high-reliability automatic measurement, avoiding manual intervention.

[0028] In some embodiments, the resistive piezometer 2 includes a circuit board 201 disposed within a housing, two sliding resistive elements 202, a steel wire pointer 203, a steel wire 204, a pressure-sensing diaphragm 205, and permeable stones 206. The circuit board 201 is fixed to the bottom of a miniature rangefinder 301. The two sliding resistive elements 202 are arranged opposite each other below the circuit board 201 and are electrically connected to the circuit board 201. The steel wire pointer 203 is movably disposed between the two sliding resistive elements 202, and both ends of the steel wire pointer 203 are in contact with the two sliding resistive elements 202 respectively. The upper end of the steel wire 204 is fixed to the steel wire pointer 203. The pressure-sensing diaphragm 205 is disposed below the steel wire 204, and the center of the pressure-sensing diaphragm 205 is fixed to the lower end of the steel wire 204. The permeable stones 206 are arranged at intervals below the pressure-sensing diaphragm 205.

[0029] When the resistance piezometer 2 detects an increase in osmotic pressure at the bottom of the pressure measuring tube 1, the pressure sensing diaphragm 205 bulges upward (as shown in the image). Fig. 2 As shown, pushing the steel string 204 and the steel string pointer 203 upwards reduces the overall resistance value of the resistance piezometer 2, increases the current data at the field data acquisition terminal 4, and correspondingly increases the height of the water level above the small rangefinder 301 monitored by the small rangefinder 301 and the rangefinder float 302.

[0030] When the resistance piezometer 2 detects a decrease in the seepage pressure at the bottom of the piezometer 2 in the pressure measuring tube 1, the pressure sensing membrane 205 is concave downwards, pulling the steel string 204 and the steel string pointer 203 downwards, which increases the overall resistance value of the resistance piezometer 2, decreases the current data at the field data acquisition terminal 4, and correspondingly, the height of the water level above the small rangefinder 301 monitored by the small rangefinder 301 and the rangefinder float 302 decreases.

[0031] In some embodiments, if the output current of the resistive piezometer 2 in its natural state... I 0, then the second resistance piezometer n The osmotic pressure and current measured in this instance should have the following relationship: (1) In equation (1), P n For the first n seepage pressure at the time of the second measurement I n For the first n Current output value during the second measurement k This is the proportionality coefficient. Therefore, the resistive piezometer 2 achieves real-time automatic monitoring of the piezometer's bottom position, with high accuracy in the measurement data.

[0032] If the first n Seepage pressure during the second measurement P n The corresponding water pressure height is h, The height from the top of the small rangefinder 301 to the bottom of the resistive piezometer 2 is h 1. The height measured by the miniature rangefinder 301 and the rangefinder float 302 is: h 2, then we have: (2) Then the osmotic pressure is used in the nth measurement. h It can be represented as: (3) In the formula, ρ is the density of water. g It is the acceleration due to gravity. A The area under stress; Because the height from the small rangefinder 301 to the bottom of the resistive piezometer 2 (the test position of the resistive piezometer 2) is h 1 is fixed; during measurement, only the heights of the small rangefinder 301 and the rangefinder float 302 need to be collected. h 2. The seepage pressure can be calculated, and equation (1) can be verified according to equation (3). The accuracy of the piezometer monitoring can be verified.

[0033] In the actual experiment, 10 measuring points were selected for verification and analysis, and these measuring points were designated as 1#, 2#, 3#, 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 9#, and 10#. The heights of the small rangefinder 301 and the rangefinding float 302 measured at measuring points 1# to 10# were... h The measured m and heights are 12.322m, 8.172m, 6.342m, 5.225m, 11.922m, 5.752m, 8.334m, 9.295m, 6.645m, and 14.375m respectively. The height h1 from the small rangefinder 301 to the bottom of the resistive piezometer 2 (the test position of the resistive piezometer 2) is 15.000cm. Therefore, the water pressure height at the bottom of the resistive piezometer 2 (the test position of the resistive piezometer 2) at each measuring point is... h The m values ​​are 12.472m, 8.322m, 6.492m, 5.375m, 12.072m, 5.902m, 8.484m, 9.445m, 6.795m, and 14.525m. According to equation (3), the seepage pressure at the bottom of the resistive piezometer 2 (the test location of the resistive piezometer 2) can be calculated as 120.978kPa, 80.723kPa, 62.972kPa, 52.138kPa, 117.098kPa, 57.249kPa, 82.295kPa, 91.617kPa, 65.912kPa, and 140.893kPa. This set of data can verify the monitoring values ​​of the resistive piezometer 2. The comparison results are shown in […]. Fig. 3 .Depend on Fig. 3 The results are visible in both the monitored values ​​(directly measured by the resistive piezometer 2) and the calculated values ​​(derived from the water level measured by the small rangefinder 301 and calculated using physical formulas). The highly consistent trend of these two lines as the measuring point changes demonstrates that both independent measurement systems respond consistently to the same changes in seepage pressure. This confirms the effectiveness of the measurement and verification scheme of the remotely monitorable real-time dam seepage pressure resistive measuring device 1000 in this embodiment, and that the measurement results are accurate and reliable.

[0034] In some embodiments, the ranging float 302 passes through the cable 6. By allowing the ranging float 302 to pass through the cable 6, its movement is restricted to the vertical direction only, effectively preventing its lateral drift within the tube.

[0035] In some embodiments, an orifice cover 8 is also included, which is placed over the opening of the borehole 5. The orifice cover 8 can prevent surface debris and rainwater from falling into the borehole 5, protecting the monitoring environment inside the borehole and avoiding blockage or contamination.

[0036] In some embodiments, the device further includes a protective box 9 and a solar panel 10; the field data acquisition terminal 4 and the orifice cover 8 are located inside the protective box 9, and the solar panel 10 is disposed on the top of the protective box 9 for supplying power to the field data acquisition terminal 4. The protective box 9 provides physical and environmental protection for the data acquisition terminal 4, while the solar panel 10 enables energy self-sufficiency, ensuring that the remotely monitored dam seepage resistance measuring device 1000 can operate stably and reliably in the field environment without mains power supply for a long time.

[0037] In some embodiments, the system further includes a gravel filter layer 11, a grout-stopping material layer 12, and a cement mortar layer 13, arranged from bottom to top within the borehole 5 and located around the pressure testing pipe 1. The gravel filter layer 11 completely covers the inlet pipe section 101. The gravel filter layer 11 is permeable, ensuring that groundwater around the borehole 5 can flow into the inlet pipe section 101. The grout-stopping material layer 12 prevents upper groundwater or surface infiltration water from flowing into the inlet pipe section 101 along the borehole wall. The cement mortar layer 13, after solidification, has a certain strength and is used to seal the upper part of the borehole 5, preventing borehole wall collapse and ensuring the long-term stability of the overall structure.

[0038] In some embodiments, the installation steps are as follows: Hole 5 was drilled. Hole 5 was drilled at the designed location of the reservoir dam to the predetermined depth.

[0039] Piezometer 1 fabrication and installation: A permeable hole 1011 is provided in the inlet pipe section 101, and geotextile is wrapped around the outer periphery of the inlet pipe section 101. The permeable hole 1011 can be quincunx-shaped, circular, square, or other shapes. The geotextile allows water to pass freely, but effectively prevents fine particles in the surrounding soil from entering the interior of the piezometer 1 with the water flow, thus playing a role in reverse filtration and anti-clogging.

[0040] Backfilling: After the pressure measuring pipe 1 is installed in the borehole 5, a gravel filter layer 11, a grout-stopping material layer 12, and a cement mortar layer 13 are sequentially backfilled into the borehole 5 from bottom to top around the pressure measuring pipe 1. The gravel filter layer 11 completely covers the water inlet pipe section 101. The gravel filter layer 11 is permeable, ensuring that groundwater around the borehole 5 can flow into the water inlet pipe section 101; the grout-stopping material layer 12 prevents upper groundwater or surface infiltration water from flowing into the water inlet pipe section 101 along the borehole wall; the cement mortar layer 13 has a certain strength after solidification, used to seal the upper part of the borehole 5, prevent the borehole wall from collapsing, and ensure the long-term stability of the overall structure.

[0041] Placement of the resistive piezometer 2 and miniature distance measuring instrument 301: Before placement, saturate the resistive piezometer 2 to remove air, measure the initial value, and then place it at the monitoring position inside the pressure measuring tube 1; after the resistive piezometer 2 and miniature distance measuring instrument 301 are placed, thread the distance measuring float 302 along the cable 6. Specifically, the miniature distance measuring instrument 301 is fixed on the top of the resistive piezometer 2, forming an integrated structure, and the resistive piezometer 2 and the miniature distance measuring instrument 301 are installed together in the inlet pipe section 101.

[0042] Seal the hole. Install the hole cover 8, connect the cable 6 to the field data acquisition terminal 4, and finally encapsulate the acquisition terminal and the solar panel 10 together in the protective box 9 to complete the installation.

[0043] The construction and installation process of the remote real-time monitoring dam seepage pressure resistance measuring device 1000 of the first aspect of the present invention is simple. It does not require pulling a long cable 6 to the monitoring box. It is only necessary to place the resistance piezometer 2 in the water inlet pipe section 101, connect the cable 6 to the field data acquisition terminal 4 at the surface of the orifice, and then install the protection box 9.

[0044] The second aspect of the present invention also proposes an accuracy verification method for a dam seepage resistance measuring device that can be remotely monitored in real time, wherein the dam seepage resistance measuring device that can be remotely monitored in real time is the dam seepage resistance measuring device 1000 that can be remotely monitored in real time according to the first aspect of the present invention.

[0045] The accuracy verification method of the remotely real-time monitoring dam seepage pressure resistance measurement device of the present invention uses the seepage pressure verification unit 3 to monitor the water level in the pressure measuring tube 1 in real time to verify the seepage pressure at the bottom position of the resistance piezometer 2, thereby realizing the direct verification of the measurement results of the resistance piezometer 2, improving the reliability of the pressure measurement data, and improving the accurate judgment of the dam safety status.

[0046] In summary, the remote real-time monitoring dam seepage pressure resistance measuring device 1000 and accuracy verification method of this invention have remote transmission, real-time transmission, and real-time monitoring functions, and can work normally under certain water pressure conditions; it has the effective function of automatically and in real-time monitoring the internal water level elevation of the pressure measuring tube 1, eliminating the need for repeated manual measurements, and the monitoring data can also verify the working status and accuracy of the resistance piezometer 2; during installation, there is no need to pull a long cable 6 to the field data acquisition terminal 4, only need to place the resistance piezometer 2 in the water inlet pipe section 101, connect the cable 6 to the field data acquisition terminal 4 at the surface of the orifice, and then install the protective box 9; the device has a simple structural principle and simple construction and installation process, and can achieve the purpose of rapid installation and remote real-time monitoring.

[0047] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A remote, real-time monitoring device for dam seepage resistance, characterized in that, include: A pressure measuring tube, the lower end of which is a water inlet pipe section, is used to be inserted into a borehole and the water inlet pipe section is located at the lower end of the borehole; A resistance piezometer is placed inside the inlet pipe at a monitoring elevation to monitor the osmotic pressure at the bottom of the piezometer. The pressure verification unit includes a small rangefinder and a rangefinder float. The small rangefinder is installed inside the inlet pipe section and fixed on the top of the resistive piezometer. The rangefinder float is located inside the pressure measuring tube and above the small rangefinder, floating on the water surface above the small rangefinder. The small rangefinder and the rangefinder float are used to jointly monitor the water level above the small rangefinder in real time, thereby verifying the pressure at the bottom of the resistive piezometer. The field data acquisition terminal is electrically connected to the resistive piezometer and the miniature distance measuring instrument via cables, and is used to collect the measurement data of the resistive piezometer and the measurement data of the miniature distance measuring instrument in real time and transmit them to the remote monitoring platform.

2. The dam seepage resistance measuring device capable of remote real-time monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The small rangefinder measures the height of the water level above it by transmitting a signal to the rangefinder float and receiving the reflected signal from the rangefinder float.

3. The dam seepage resistance measuring device capable of remote real-time monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that, The resistive piezometer includes a circuit board housed within a casing, two sliding resistance plates, a steel wire pointer, a steel wire, a pressure-sensing diaphragm, and permeable stones. The circuit board is fixed to the bottom of the small rangefinder. The two sliding resistance plates are arranged opposite each other below the circuit board and are electrically connected to it. The steel wire pointer is movable up and down between the two sliding resistance plates, with both ends of the pointer contacting the two resistance plates. The upper end of the steel wire is fixed to the pointer. The pressure-sensing diaphragm is located below the steel wire, and its center is fixed to the lower end of the steel wire. The permeable stones are arranged at intervals below the pressure-sensing diaphragm.

4. The dam seepage resistance measuring device capable of remote real-time monitoring according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the resistive piezometer detects an increase in seepage pressure at the bottom of the piezometer tube, the pressure sensing diaphragm bulges upward, pushing the steel string and the steel string pointer to slide upward, thereby reducing the overall resistance value of the resistive piezometer and increasing the current data at the field data acquisition terminal. Correspondingly, the height of the water level above the small distance measuring instrument, as monitored by the small distance measuring instrument and the distance measuring float, increases. When the resistive piezometer detects a decrease in piezometer pressure at the bottom of the pressure measuring tube, the pressure sensing diaphragm dips downward, pulling the steel string and the steel string pointer downward, causing the overall resistance of the resistive piezometer to increase, the current data at the field data acquisition terminal to decrease, and correspondingly, the height of the water level above the small distance measuring instrument, as monitored by the small distance measuring instrument and the distance measuring float, decreases.

5. The dam seepage resistance measuring device capable of remote real-time monitoring according to claim 4, characterized in that, If the output current of the resistive piezometer in its natural state... I 0, then the first resistance piezometer n The osmotic pressure and current measured in this instance should have the following relationship: （1） In equation (1), P n For the first n seepage pressure at the time of the second measurement I n For the first n Current output value during the second measurement k This is the proportionality coefficient; If the first n Seepage pressure during the second measurement P n The corresponding water pressure height is h, The height from the top of the miniature rangefinder to the bottom of the resistive osmotic pressure gauge is h 1. The height measured by the small rangefinder and the rangefinder float is h 2, then we have: （2） Then the osmotic pressure is used in the nth measurement. h It can be represented as: （3） In the formula, ρ is the density of water. g It is the acceleration due to gravity. A The area under stress; Verify equation (1) based on equation (3).

6. The dam seepage resistance measuring device capable of remote real-time monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ranging float passes through the cable.

7. The dam seepage resistance measuring device capable of remote real-time monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a borehole cover, which is placed over the borehole opening of the drilled hole.

8. The dam seepage resistance measuring device capable of remote real-time monitoring according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a protective box and a solar panel; the field data acquisition terminal and the orifice cover are located inside the protective box, and the solar panel is set on the top of the protective box to supply power to the field data acquisition terminal.

9. The dam seepage resistance measuring device capable of remote real-time monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The installation steps are as follows: The drilling process; The pressure measuring tube is fabricated and installed as follows: a water-permeable hole is provided in the water inlet pipe section, and geotextile is wrapped around the outer periphery of the water inlet pipe section; Backfilling inside the borehole: After the pressure measuring pipe is installed in the borehole, a gravel filter layer, a grout-stopping material layer, and a cement mortar layer are backfilled into the borehole from bottom to top around the pressure measuring pipe. The gravel filter layer completely covers the water inlet pipe section. Placement of the resistive piezometer and the miniature distance measuring instrument: Before placement, soak the resistive piezometer until saturated and remove all air. After measuring the initial value, place it in the monitoring position inside the pressure measuring tube; after the resistive piezometer and the miniature distance measuring instrument are placed, thread the distance measuring float along the cable. Seal the hole.

10. A method for verifying the accuracy of a remotely monitored dam seepage resistance measuring device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The seepage pressure at the bottom of the resistive piezometer is verified by using the seepage pressure verification unit to monitor the water level in the pressure measuring tube in real time.

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