Dynamic backscatter link modulation scheme adaptation

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. Various aspects generally relate to a dynamic backscatter link modulation scheme. Some aspects are more particularly directed to applying a dynamic backscatter link modulation scheme to assist in environmental Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices from operating in backscatter dead zones. In some aspects, an A-IoT device adapts the ratio of power reflection to power absorption by selecting and applying an appropriate antenna load to collect a sufficient amount of energy and improve backscatter link data rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] All aspects of this disclosure relate to wireless communication in general, and more particularly to techniques and apparatus for adapting dynamic backscatter link modulation schemes. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services, such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth or transmit power). Examples of such multiple access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE / LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard issued by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0003] The multiple access technologies mentioned above have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol enabling different UEs to communicate at the city, country, region, or global level. New Radio (NR) (which may be referred to as 5G) is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard issued by 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband internet access by using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with a Cyclic Prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink, and CP-OFDM or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known as Discrete Fourier Transform Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink, as well as supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technologies and carrier aggregation to improve spectral efficiency, reduce costs, improve service, utilize new spectrum, and better integrate with other open standards. Further improvements to LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies remain useful as the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase.

[0004] Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices, such as RFID tags, communicate via energy harvesting and backscatter transmission. An antenna absorbs energy from a waveform to power the A-IoT device. Once the A-IoT device is sufficiently powered, it sends a backscatter message. The strength of the transmitted signal is inversely proportional to the amount of energy absorbed. If the A-IoT device absorbs too much energy, the resulting transmission may be too weak. If the A-IoT device cannot absorb enough energy quickly enough, the waveform may not be able to power the A-IoT device. Both of these situations can result in a backscatter dead zone, where the A-IoT cannot communicate effectively. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed at a user equipment (UE). The method may include: receiving a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmit powers. The method may include: using the backscatter measurement indication to transmit a supported modulation scheme indication. The method may include: using the supported modulation scheme indication to receive a modulation scheme update indication.

[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to a method for wireless communication performed at a network node. The method may include: transmitting a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmission powers. The method may include: using the backscatter measurement indication to receive a supported modulation scheme indication. The method may include: using the supported modulation scheme indication to transmit a modulation scheme update indication.

[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a UE for wireless communication. The UE may include: one or more memories storing processor-readable code; and one or more processors coupled to the memories. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively operable to enable the UE to receive a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmit powers. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively operable to enable the UE to use the backscatter measurement indication to transmit a supported modulation scheme indication. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively operable to enable the UE to use the supported modulation scheme indication to receive a modulation scheme update indication.

[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a network node for wireless communication. The network node may include: one or more memories storing processor-readable code; and one or more processors coupled to the memories. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively operable to enable the network node to transmit a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmission powers. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively operable to enable the network node to use the backscatter measurement indication to receive a supported modulation scheme indication. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively operable to enable the network node to use the supported modulation scheme indication to transmit a modulation scheme update indication.

[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. When executed by one or more processors of the UE, the set of instructions enables the UE to receive a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmission powers. When executed by one or more processors of the UE, the set of instructions enables the UE to use the backscatter measurement indication to transmit a supported modulation scheme indication. When executed by one or more processors of the UE, the set of instructions enables the UE to use the supported modulation scheme indication to receive a modulation scheme update indication.

[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication by a network node. When executed by one or more processors of the network node, the set of instructions enables the network node to transmit a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmission powers. When executed by one or more processors of the network node, the set of instructions enables the network node to use the backscatter measurement indication to receive a supported modulation scheme indication. When executed by one or more processors of the network node, the set of instructions enables the network node to use the supported modulation scheme indication to transmit a modulation scheme update indication.

[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include components for receiving a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmission powers. The apparatus may include components for transmitting a supported modulation scheme indication using the backscatter measurement indication. The apparatus may include components for receiving a modulation scheme update indication using the supported modulation scheme indication.

[0012] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include components for transmitting a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmission powers. The apparatus may include components for using the backscatter measurement indication to receive a supported modulation scheme indication. The apparatus may include components for using the supported modulation scheme indication to transmit a modulation scheme update indication.

[0013] The entirety of the terms includes, as fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings and description, and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings and description, methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, network nodes, network entities, wireless communication devices, or processing systems.

[0014] The foregoing has broadly outlined the features and technical advantages of the examples according to this disclosure in an effort to facilitate a better understanding of the following detailed description. Additional features and advantages will be described below. The disclosed concepts and specific examples can be readily used as the basis for modifying or designing other structures for achieving the same purpose as this disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein (both their organization and manner of operation) and their associated advantages will be better understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, based on the following description. Each figure in the accompanying drawings is provided for illustrative and descriptive purposes and not as a definition of limitation of the claims. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To gain a full understanding of the foregoing features of this disclosure, a more detailed description of the invention, briefly summarized above, can be obtained by referring to various aspects, some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that the drawings illustrate only some typical aspects of this disclosure and should not be considered as limiting its scope, as other equivalent aspects are permissible in this description. The same reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example network node communicating with a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of backscatter communication.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example associated with A-IoT backscatter coefficient scanning.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example associated with the backscattering coefficient scanning process.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of an example process performed at a UE or device of a UE that supports a backscatter coefficient scanning process.

[0022] Figure 7 This is an example flowchart of a process performed at a network node or device that supports a backscatter coefficient scanning process.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a diagram of an example device for wireless communication that supports a backscatter coefficient scanning process.

[0024] Figure 9This is a diagram of another example device for wireless communication that supports a backscatter coefficient scanning process. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Various aspects of this disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any particular structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided to make this disclosure thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of this disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of this disclosure. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement an apparatus or practice. Furthermore, the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover such apparatuses or methods implemented using structures, functions, or structures and functions other than or different from the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. Any aspect of this disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the claims.

[0026] Several aspects of a telecommunications system will now be presented with reference to various devices and techniques. These devices and techniques will be described in detail below and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various boxes, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively, “elements”). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0027] The Internet of Things (IoT) can refer to a network of devices that can communicate with each other (usually wirelessly). Ambient IoT (A-IoT) devices can be networked devices capable of receiving and / or sending data via wireless networks without a dedicated power source (such as a battery). Example A-IoT devices may include passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. Instead of drawing power from batteries or other electrical sources, passive RFID tags communicate by absorbing energy from waveforms (sometimes called "energy harvesting") until the passive RFID device has absorbed enough energy to fully power itself to send a signal (sometimes called "backscatter communication").

[0028] As the RFID tag absorbs more energy during the energy harvesting phase, less energy is available for sending backscatter communication. Therefore, if the RFID tag absorbs too much energy, the resulting backscatter communication may be too weak to reach the receiver. If the RFID tag does not absorb enough energy quickly enough during the energy harvesting phase, the waveform may not be sufficient to power the RFID tag. Both of these situations can result in a backscatter dead zone, where A-IoT cannot communicate adequately with the receiver.

[0029] Avoiding backscatter dead zones may involve the process of tuning the impedance of the RFID tag's antenna relative to the impedance of the transmitter and / or reader. This process, also known as "impedance matching," can involve: tuning the antenna impedance to closely match the transmitter's impedance for energy harvesting purposes, and tuning the antenna impedance for a larger mismatch with the reader's impedance to achieve a favorable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Incorrect impedance matching can cause passive RFID tags to absorb too much energy to transmit backscatter communication and / or not absorb enough energy to power the RFID tag, which can ultimately lead to RFID tag failure. Therefore, applying appropriate antenna loads for energy harvesting and backscatter communication can help improve RFID tag performance.

[0030] The overall picture involves A-IoT energy harvesting and backscatter communication. Some aspects are more specifically related to dynamic backscatter link modulation schemes. Other aspects involve applying dynamic backscatter link modulation schemes to help A-IoT devices avoid operating in backscatter dead zones by finding the most suitable backscatter modulation scheme in the current environment. In some aspects, A-IoT devices adapt the ratio of power reflection to power absorption by selecting and applying appropriate antenna loads to harvest sufficient energy and improve backscatter link data rates.

[0031] In some aspects, A-IoT devices can perform backscatter coefficient scans and reader measurements to find the minimum and maximum allowable transmit power. For example, an A-IoT device can ramp up its backscatter power by modifying its antenna load until the reader receives a signal from the A-IoT device. The backscatter power sufficient to elicit a response from the reader, along with the associated antenna load, represents the minimum threshold for backscatter communication. The A-IoT device can further determine the maximum threshold through power measurements or via communication from the reader. In some aspects, the reader can indicate the time interval and total number of power ramping steps to be performed during the backscatter coefficient scan process. In some aspects, the backscatter coefficient scan process can occur in multiple phases. If a backscatter dead zone occurs, the reader can increase its transmit power to power the A-IoT device.

[0032] In some respects, A-IoT devices can apply antenna loads based on modulation schemes. For example, a reader can indicate the antenna load to the A-IoT device for a specific modulation scheme. Alternatively or additionally, the A-IoT device can use all antenna loads between the minimum and maximum amplitudes of the backscattering coefficient for higher-order modulation schemes and indicate the maximum modulation order to the reader.

[0033] In some respects, the reader can adapt its operation based on its power characteristics or mobility and notify the A-IoT device accordingly. For example, the reader can send an indication before changes that might affect the reader's transmit power (e.g., the reader and the A-IoT device are moving away from each other). In other respects, the reader can indicate modifications to the transmit power to, for example, attempt to maintain stable forward link signal power for the A-IoT device.

[0034] Specific aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by adapting the ratio of power reflection to power absorption, the described techniques can be used to avoid backscatter dead zones caused by A-IoT devices absorbing too much or too little energy. For example, by adapting the ratio of power reflection to power absorption, A-IoT devices can optimize the balance between absorbing enough energy to power the A-IoT device and transmitting at a sufficient power level for the reader to receive backscatter communication.

[0035] For example, by modifying the antenna load until the reader receives a signal from the A-IoT device, the A-IoT device can identify the most efficient combination of antenna loads used for energy harvesting and backscatter communication with the reader. By applying this combination of antenna loads, the A-IoT device is more likely to avoid backscatter dead zones. By performing a backscatter coefficient scanning process in multiple stages, the A-IoT device can more quickly identify the minimum and maximum thresholds associated with the antenna loads used during energy harvesting and / or backscatter communication. By configuring the reader to detect and increase its transmit power as a result of backscatter dead zones, energy harvesting can still be performed even if the A-IoT device has previously been operating under conditions of insufficient energy that would have caused the A-IoT device to shut down.

[0036] By applying antenna load based on the modulation scheme, A-IoT devices and readers can apply a modulation order suitable for the backscatter scanning process and subsequent backscatter communication, which increases the likelihood of successful communication between the A-IoT device and the reader. By having the reader indicate the A-IoT device's antenna load to a specific modulation scheme, the A-IoT device does not need to expend additional energy trying to determine which modulation scheme is most suitable. Alternatively, by having the A-IoT device indicate the modulation scheme to the reader, backscatter communication can be performed more quickly.

[0037] By enabling readers to adapt their operation based on their power characteristics or mobility and to notify A-IoT devices accordingly, the likelihood of successful backscatter coefficient scanning and backscatter communication can be increased. For example, by notifying A-IoT devices before changes that might affect the reader's transmit power, the A-IoT devices can adjust their applied antenna load to compensate for changes in the reader's transmit power.

[0038] Figure 1 This is an illustration of an example of a wireless network. Wireless network 100 can be a 5G (e.g., NR) network or a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or may include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network or elements of a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, etc. Wireless network 100 may include one or more network nodes (NNs) 110 (shown as network nodes 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d), one user equipment (UE) 120 or multiple UEs 120 (shown as UE 120a, UE 120b, UE 120c, UE 120d, and UE 120e), or other network entities. Network node 110 is the entity that communicates with UE 120. As shown, network node 110 may include one or more network nodes. For example, network node 110 can be an aggregated network node, meaning that the aggregated network node is configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit). As another example, network node 110 can be a decomposed network node (sometimes referred to as a decomposed base station), meaning that network node 110 is configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more nodes (such as one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)).

[0039] In some examples, network node 110 is or includes network nodes (such as RUs) that communicate with UE 120 via a radio access link. In some examples, network node 110 is or includes network nodes (such as DUs) that communicate with other network nodes 110 via a fronthaul or midhaul link. In some examples, network node 110 is or includes network nodes (such as CUs) that communicate with other network nodes 110 via a midhaul link or with the core network via a backhaul link. In some examples, network node 110 (such as aggregated network node 110 or decomposed network node 110) may include multiple network nodes, such as one or more RUs, one or more CUs, or one or more DUs. For example, network node 110 may include NR network nodes, LTE network nodes, node Bs, eNBs (e.g., in 4G), gNBs (e.g., in 5G), access points, transmit / receive points (TRPs), DUs, RUs, CUs, network mobility elements, core network nodes, network elements, network equipment, or RAN nodes. In some examples, network nodes 110 can interconnect with each other or to one or more other network nodes 110 in wireless network 100 using any suitable transport network through various types of fronthaul, midhaul, or backhaul interfaces (such as direct physical connections, air interfaces, or virtual networks).

[0040] Each network node 110 can provide communication coverage for a specific geographic area. In the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), depending on the context in which the term is used, the term "cell" can refer to the coverage area of ​​network node 110 or a network node subsystem serving that coverage area.

[0041] Network node 110 can provide communication coverage for macrocells, picocells, femtocells, or another type of cell. A macrocell can cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and allows unrestricted access by UE 120 with a service subscription. A picocell can cover a relatively small geographic area and allows unrestricted access by UE 120 with a service subscription. A femtocell can cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a residential area) and allows restricted access by UE 120 associated with that femtocell (e.g., UE 120 in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG)). Network node 110 for macrocells may be referred to as a macro network node. Network node 110 for picocells may be referred to as a pico network node. Network node 110 for femtocells may be referred to as a femto network node or a home network node.

[0042] In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to an aggregated base station, a decomposed base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, or one or more components thereof. For example, in some aspects, "base station" or "network node" may refer to a CU, DU, RU, a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to a device configured to perform one or more functions (such as those described herein in conjunction with network node 110). In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to multiple devices configured to perform one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of multiple different devices (which may be located in the same geographical location or different geographical locations) may be configured to perform at least a portion of a function, or to repeatedly perform at least a portion of that function, and the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to any one or more of these different devices. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to one or more virtual base stations or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some aspects, two or more base station functions can be instantiated on a single device. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to one base station function rather than another. Thus, a single device can include more than one base station.

[0043] Network controller 130 may be coupled to or communicate with a group of network nodes 110, and may provide coordination and control for these network nodes 110. Network controller 130 may communicate with network nodes 110 via a backhaul communication link. Network nodes 110 may also communicate directly with each other, or indirectly via a wireless or wired backhaul communication link. In some aspects, network controller 130 may be a CU or a core network device, or network controller 130 may include a CU or a core network device.

[0044] Wireless network 100 may include one or more relay stations. A relay station is an entity that can receive data transmissions from an upstream station (e.g., network node 110 or UE 120) and transmit data transmissions to a downstream station (e.g., UE 120 or network node 110). A relay station may be a UE 120 that can relay transmissions for other UE 120s. Figure 1 In the example shown, network node 110d (e.g., a relay network node) can communicate with network node 110a (e.g., a macro network node) and UE 120d to facilitate communication between network node 110a and UE 120d. The network node 110 that relays communication may be referred to as a relay station, relay network node, or relay.

[0045] UE 120 may be distributed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. UE 120 may include, for example, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. UE 120 may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smartphone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet device, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart clothing, smart glasses (e.g., augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed reality, or extended reality (XR) headsets), a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, or a satellite radio), a vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a GPS device, a UE function of a network node, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via a wireless medium. Some UE 120 (e.g., UE 102a and 120e) can communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without network nodes acting as intermediaries for communication with each other).

[0046] Some UEs 120 may be considered Machine-Type Communication (MTC) or Evolved or Enhanced Machine-Type Communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC or eMTC UEs may include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, or location tags that can communicate with network nodes, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Some UEs 120 may be considered Internet of Things (IoT) devices or may be implemented as NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT) devices. Some UEs 120 may be considered customer premises equipment. UEs 120 may be included within a housing that houses the components of the UE 120, such as processor components or memory components. In some examples, the processor components and memory components may be coupled together. For example, the processor components (e.g., one or more processors) and memory components (e.g., memory) may be operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled.

[0047] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using network node 110 as an intermediary for communication with each other). For example, UE 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocols (e.g., which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols using, for example, a PC5 interface for direct communication), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols), or a mesh network. In such examples, UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by network node 110. In other examples, two or more UEs 120 may communicate via a vehicle-to-network-to-vehicle (V2N2V) protocol, for example, via a Uu interface using LTE or NR uplink and downlink.

[0048] In some aspects, UE 120 may include communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, communication manager 140 may: receive a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmit powers; use the backscatter measurement indication to transmit a supported modulation scheme indication; and use the supported modulation scheme indication to receive a modulation scheme update indication. Additionally or alternatively, communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0049] In some aspects, network node 110 may include communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, communication manager 150 may: send a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmission powers; use the backscatter measurement indication to receive a supported modulation scheme indication; and use the supported modulation scheme indication to send a modulation scheme update indication. Additionally or alternatively, communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0050] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example network node communicating with a UE in a wireless network. This network node can correspond to... Figure 1 Network node 110. Similarly, the UE can correspond to Figure 1 UE 120. Network node 110 may be equipped with a set of antennas 234a to 234t, such as T One antenna ( T ≥1). The UE 120 may be equipped with a set of antennas 252a to 252r, such as R One antenna ( R ≥1). Figure 2The network node 110 depicted includes one or more radio frequency components, such as antenna 234 and modem 232. In some examples, network node 110 may include an interface, communication components, or another component facilitating communication with UE 120 or another network node. Some network nodes 110 may not include radio frequency components facilitating direct communication with UE 120, such as one or more CUs or one or more DUs.

[0051] At network node 110, transmitting processor 220 can receive data from data source 212 intended for use by UE 120 (or a group of UEs 120). Transmitting processor 220 can select one or more modulation and decoding schemes (MCS) for UE 120 based at least in part on one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from UE 120. Network node 110 can process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for UE 120 based at least in part on the MCS selected for UE 120 and can provide data symbols for UE 120. Transmitting processor 220 can process system information (e.g., semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, or upper-layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. Transmitting processor 220 can generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS) or demodulation reference signals (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal (PSS) or secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 can perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-decoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, or reference symbols (if applicable), and can direct to a corresponding set of modems 232 shown as modems 232a to 232t (e.g., T A set of output symbol streams (e.g., modems) is provided by a modem. T Each output symbol stream can be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of modem 232. Each modem 232 can use a corresponding modulator component to process the corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 can also use a corresponding modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. Modems 232a to 232t can be connected via a corresponding set of antennas 234 (e.g., T Each antenna (shown as antennas 234a to 234t) is used to transmit a set of downlink signals (e.g., T (One downlink signal).

[0052] At UE 120, the set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a to 252r) can receive downlink signals from network node 110 or other network nodes 110, and can transmit signals to the set of modems 254 (e.g., R Each modem (shown as modems 254a to 254r) provides a set of received signals (e.g., R Each received signal may be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of modem 254. Each modem 254 may use a corresponding demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, down-convert, or digitize) the received signal to obtain an input sample. Each modem 254 may use a demodulator component to further process the input sample (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain a received symbol. MIMO detector 256 may obtain the received symbols from modem 254, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols where applicable, and provide the detected symbols. Receiver processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide the decoded data for UE 120 to data sink 260, and provide the decoded control information and system information to controller / processor 280. The term "controller / processor" may refer to one or more controllers or one or more processors. The channel processor may determine Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) parameters, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) parameters, Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) parameters, or CQI parameters, etc. In some examples, one or more components of UE 120 may be included in housing 284.

[0053] Network controller 130 may include communication unit 294, controller / processor 290, and memory 292. Network controller 130 may include one or more devices, for example, in a core network. Network controller 130 may communicate with network node 110 via communication unit 294.

[0054] One or more antennas (e.g., antennas 234a to 234t or antennas 252a to 252r) may include or be included in the following: one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more collections of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, etc. Antenna panels, antenna groups, collections of antenna elements, or antenna arrays may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings), a collection of coplanar antenna elements, a collection of non-coplanar antenna elements, or coupled to one or more transmitting or receiving components (such as...). Figure 2 One or more antenna elements (one or more components).

[0055] On the uplink, at UE 120, transmit processor 264 can receive and process data from data source 262 and control information from controller / processor 280 (e.g., for reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, or CQI). Transmit processor 264 can generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. Symbols from transmit processor 264 may be pre-decoded by TX MIMO processor 266 where applicable, further processed by modem 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to network node 110. In some examples, modem 254 of UE 120 may include modulator and demodulator. In some examples, UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, or TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 280) and memory 282 to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein.

[0056] At network node 110, uplink signals from UE 120 or other UEs may be received by antenna 234, processed by modem 232 (e.g., demodulator component of modem 232, shown as DEMOD), detected by MIMO detector 236 where applicable, and further processed by receiver processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted via UE 120. Receiver processor 238 may provide the decoded data to data sink 239 and the decoded control information to controller / processor 240. Network node 110 may include communication unit 244 and may communicate with network controller 130 via communication unit 244. Network node 110 may include scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communication. In some examples, modem 232 of network node 110 may include modulator and demodulator. In some examples, network node 110 includes transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna 234, modem 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, or TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 240) and memory 242 to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein.

[0057] The controller / processor 240 of network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of UE 120, or Figure 2Any other component may perform one or more techniques associated with the backscatter coefficient scanning process, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of UE 120, or... Figure 2 Any other component that can execute or direct, for example Figure 6 Process 600 Figure 7 The operation of process 700 or other processes as described herein. Memory 242 and memory 282 may store data and program code for network node 110 and UE 120, respectively. In some examples, memory 242 or memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions may cause the one or more processors, UE 120, or network node 110 to perform or direct, for example, when executed by one or more processors of network node 110 or UE 120 (e.g., directly, or after compilation, transformation, or interpretation). Figure 6 Process 600 Figure 7 The operation of process 700 or other processes as described herein. In some examples, the execution instructions may include run instructions, transform instructions, compile instructions, or interpret instructions, etc.

[0058] In some aspects, UE 120 includes: components for receiving a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmit powers; components for using the backscatter measurement indication to transmit a supported modulation scheme indication; and / or components for using the supported modulation scheme indication to receive a modulation scheme update indication. Components for UE 120 to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of a communication manager 140, an antenna 252, a modem 254, a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, or a memory 282.

[0059] In some aspects, network node 110 includes: components for transmitting a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmission powers; components for using the backscatter measurement indication to receive a supported modulation scheme indication; and / or components for using the supported modulation scheme indication to transmit a modulation scheme update indication. Components for enabling network node 110 to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the following: communication manager 150, transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246.

[0060] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating example 300 of backscatter communication according to this disclosure. In example 300, backscatter communication occurs between an RFID reader 305 (such as network node 110 or UE 120) and an ambient communication system, shown as an A-IoT device 310 (such as UE 120), such as an RFID tag, and sometimes referred to as a "passive tag". The ambient communication system can be a battery-free system that uses ambient radio frequency signals for communication.

[0061] RFID reader 305 can transmit, and environmental IoT device 310 can receive, a continuous wave (CW) that charges the environmental IoT device 310. The CW can be a radio frequency signal. The CW can also be replaced by other waveforms (such as OFDM, chirped, multisine, etc.). RFID reader 305 can transmit the CW when it is near the environmental IoT device 310. RFID reader 305 can transmit the CW for a period sufficient to charge the environmental IoT device 310. For example, RFID reader 305 can transmit the CW for a period on the order of 400 microseconds to 1500 microseconds. RFID reader 305 can transmit a command after this period has elapsed (in...). Figure 3 (The data is shown as packets transmitted via modulated waves).

[0062] The environmental IoT device 310 can receive CW (Consumer Wireless) and store the energy from the CW in a power source (such as a capacitor). When the CW provides sufficient power to communicate with the RFID reader 305, the environmental IoT device 310 can receive commands and send responses (in...). Figure 3 (The data is shown as packets transmitted as modulated waves).

[0063] RFID reader 305 can be configured to communicate with environmental IoT device 310 in full-duplex or half-duplex mode. During full-duplex communication, RFID reader 305 may send a CW or command while environmental IoT device 310 sends a response. During half-duplex communication, RFID reader 305 may briefly stop sending CWs or commands while environmental IoT device 310 sends a response. In a specific implementation involving half-duplex communication, another network device (such as another UE 120 or network node 110) may send a CW to environmental IoT device 310 while environmental IoT device 310 is sending a response. Alternatively, another network device may send a CW to environmental IoT device 310 instead of RFID reader 305 sending a CW to environmental IoT device 310.

[0064] As indicated above, Figure 3 Provided as an example. Other examples may be found with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 3 The examples described are different.

[0065] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating example 400 associated with an A-IoT backscattering coefficient scan according to this disclosure. (See diagram for example.) Figure 4 As shown, Example 400 includes communication between a reader 405 (such as network node 110 or UE 120) and an A-IoT device 410 (such as UE 120).

[0066] In some respects, the A-IoT device 410 can apply dynamic backscatter link modulation scheme adaptation based on a backscatter coefficient scanning process, measurements performed by the reader 405, or a combination thereof. For example, as discussed in more detail below, the backscatter coefficient scanning process can be used to determine the minimum and maximum transmit power of the A-IoT device 410. The A-IoT device 410 can then adapt the backscatter modulation scheme based on the minimum and maximum transmit power.

[0067] In some aspects, the reader 405 and the A-IoT device 410 can participate in the backscatter coefficient scanning process to determine the minimum transmit power of the backscattered signal. As shown in Example 400, the reader 405 can send a query to the A-IoT device. For example, the reader 405 can indicate the time interval and total number of power levels to be tested during the backscatter coefficient scanning process. The reader 405 can be configured to configure the data (sequence), length, and modulation (such as on-off keying (OOK) modulation or binary phase shift keying (BPSK)) of the backscattered signal to be transmitted by the A-IoT device 410 during the backscatter coefficient scanning process.

[0068] The A-IoT device 410 can perform a backscatter coefficient scanning process to determine the minimum transmit power of the backscattered signal. The backscatter coefficient scanning process may include the A-IoT device 410 gradually increasing its transmit power. Gradually increasing the transmit power may include gradually reducing the amount of energy absorbed by the A-IoT device 410, thereby increasing the amount of energy reflected by the A-IoT device. For example, the A-IoT device 410 may apply different antenna loads to change the amount of energy absorbed. Increasing the impedance matching between the antenna and the antenna load can increase the amount of energy absorbed, thereby reducing the amount of energy reflected. Decreasing the impedance matching between the antenna and the antenna load can decrease the amount of energy absorbed, thereby increasing the amount of energy reflected.

[0069] In the context of a multi-stage A-IoT device, A-IoT device 410 can save time by sequentially selecting corresponding impedances to scan a subset of supported power levels. In some respects, the subsets of supported power levels can be equally spaced. A-IoT device 410 can refine the impedance selection. For example, reader 405 can indicate an initial stop message when it receives backscatter communication from A-IoT device 410. A-IoT device 410 can then apply a subset of power levels immediately following the power level at which reader 405 sent the initial stop message until A-IoT device 410 receives another stop message. This process can be repeated until A-IoT device 410 determines the optimized transmission power.

[0070] If the reader 405 is unaware of the total number of power levels supported by the A-IoT device 410, the reader 405 may indicate the total number of stages to the A-IoT device 410 during a query. The A-IoT device 410 may determine a subset within each stage based on the total number of stages. Alternatively, the reader 405 may indicate the total number of power levels in the first stage to the A-IoT device 410 during a query. A tag in the reference signal may indicate supported power level information. After receiving the reference signal in the first stage, the reader 405 may configure the remaining number of stages for the power levels in the next stage to the A-IoT device 410. If the power level indicated by the reader 405 is less than the number of power levels supported by the A-IoT device 410 (e.g., the number of switchable impedances of the antenna load), the A-IoT device 410 may scan all supported power levels.

[0071] Circuit diagrams 415A to 415C illustrate the different loads applied during the backscatter coefficient scanning process. The A-IoT device 410 can change the antenna load. Γ The amount of data can be used to apply different loads. For example, the A-IoT device 410 can turn one or more switches on or off to apply different antenna loads. Γ When the A-IoT device 410 is turned on, the impedance matching of the antenna load is relatively small. Γ When the switch is activated, the transmission power may increase. This may occur when the reader 405 receives a reflected signal (e.g., antenna load). Γ The impedance matching has been sufficiently reduced to a level that allows enough energy to be reflected back to reader 405, and the reader can send a signal indicating a minimum transmission level. Using the signal indicating the minimum transmission level, A-IoT device 410 can apply impedance according to the minimum transmission level to future backscatter communication with reader 405.

[0072] The A-IoT device 410 may further determine or receive a maximum threshold for the transmit power used for backscatter communication to the reader 405. In some aspects, the A-IoT device 410 may measure the amount of absorbed power and calculate or otherwise derive the maximum transmit power based on the amount of absorbed power. For example, the maximum transmit power may be the minimum absorbed energy required to turn on the A-IoT device 410 and the selected antenna load. Γ The function. If A-IoT device 410 cannot measure the amount of absorbed power, it can determine the maximum transmit power based on the signal from reader 405. For example, reader 405 (or an RF source configured by reader 405) can transmit a carrier to A-IoT device 410 at a power lower than the maximum transmit power (i.e., a first transmit power). A-IoT device 410 can sweep the antenna load until it loses power. Reader 405 can increase the transmit power provided to A-IoT device 410 to a second transmit power until it receives enough power to power on. Match the antenna load according to the lowest impedance at the first transmit power. Γ The A-IoT device 410 can calculate the antenna load corresponding to the maximum threshold under different transmit power values, especially if the reader 405 conveys the transmit power or a change in transmit power. Alternatively, the reader 405 can measure the received power of the backscattered signal from the A-IoT device 410 during a backscatter coefficient scan. The reader 405 can estimate how much power the A-IoT device 410 has absorbed and indicate the estimated absorbed power to the A-IoT device 410. The estimated absorbed power can be correlated with a path loss model.

[0073] In some respects, the A-IoT device 410 can indicate to the reader 405 the antenna load index of the minimum amplitude of the backscattering coefficient (i.e., the minimum amplitude of each antenna load). Γ (Minimum transmit power). For example, A-IoT device 410 may indicate to reader 405 the antenna load index to be scanned during the backscatter coefficient scanning process. Reader 405 may determine the load index of the minimum amplitude of the backscatter coefficient from the antenna load index. Alternatively or additionally, A-IoT device 410 may indicate the antenna load index of the minimum amplitude of the backscatter coefficient based on the minimum transmit power indication received from the reader as discussed above.

[0074] In some respects, the A-IoT device 410 can indicate to the reader 405 the antenna load index of the maximum amplitude of the backscattering coefficient (i.e., the index of each antenna load). Γ(Maximum transmit power). For example, after A-IoT device 410 calculates or otherwise determines the maximum amplitude of the backscatter coefficient, A-IoT device 410 may indicate the antenna load index of the maximum amplitude of the backscatter coefficient to reader 405.

[0075] The antenna load to be used by the A-IoT device 410 can be determined by the A-IoT device 410 or the reader 405 after the backscatter coefficient scanning process. In some aspects, the reader 405 can select an antenna load for OOK modulation and indicate that antenna load to the A-IoT device 410. The reader 405 can select one of the antenna loads of the A-IoT device 410 based on signal strength measurements such as Reference Received Power (RSRP), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Signal-to-Interference Plus Noise Ratio (SINR), or combinations thereof. The signal strength measurement can be performed by the reader 405 during the backscatter coefficient scanning process. In some aspects, the reader 405 can select the antenna load with the lowest signal strength from the antenna loads with signal strengths higher than a pre-configured threshold. The reader 405 can configure the A-IoT device 410 using the selected load index. The A-IoT device 410 can adopt OOK modulation by switching from a first antenna load to a second antenna load (i.e., the selected antenna load).

[0076] Alternatively, A-IoT device 410 may use all antenna loads between the minimum and maximum amplitudes of the backscattering coefficient for higher-order modulation and indicate the maximum modulation order to reader 405. Once the antenna loads corresponding to the minimum and maximum amplitudes of the backscattering coefficient are determined, any remaining antenna loads within that range can be selected for the backscattering link between A-IoT device 410 and reader 405. Larger differences between the selected antenna loads may result in higher backscattering transmit power. The modulation order applied by A-IoT device 410 may be determined by the number of load candidates or combinations of load candidates within the range from minimum to maximum load. For example, more load candidates may result in a greater number of backscattering power levels, which may lead to a higher modulation order. If A-IoT device 410 has antenna loads with the same amplitude but different phases of the backscattering coefficient, A-IoT device 410 may employ quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Using QAM, A-IoT device 410 can select antenna loads with amplitudes of backscattering coefficients within the range of the minimum and maximum amplitudes of the backscattering coefficient. The A-IoT device 410 can indicate to the reader 405 the index of an antenna load with the same amplitude but different phase and backscattering coefficient.

[0077] In some aspects, as part of the backscatter coefficient scanning process, the A-IoT device 410 may send a modulation order indication to the reader 405. For example, at each step of the backscatter coefficient scanning process, the A-IoT device 410 may indicate to the reader 405 the total number (i.e., modulation order) and the current load index (i.e., the index of the modulation symbol). After the backscatter coefficient scanning process, the A-IoT device 410 may report the maximum modulation order based on the minimum and maximum amplitudes of the backscatter coefficients and the index of the antenna load corresponding to the minimum and maximum thresholds. The reader 405 may determine the power level corresponding to the symbol in the modulation alphabet based on measurements recorded during the backscatter coefficient scanning process. In some aspects, the A-IoT device 410 may use different sequences (i.e., preambles) to implicitly indicate the modulation order indication. Alternatively, the A-IoT device 410 may send a preamble and a data pattern, and indicate the modulation order via, for example, a data payload. In some respects, the A-IoT device 410 may apply a default modulation order or scheme configured, pre-configured, or predefined by the reader 405. In subsequent communications, the reader 405 may indicate to the A-IoT device 410 a higher modulation order within the maximum modulation order range reported by the A-IoT device 410.

[0078] In some respects, reader 405 may send an indication of a power change to A-IoT device 410 before the power change occurs. For example, reader 405 may indicate a power change to A-IoT device 410 when it needs to reduce its transmission power, or if the reader is moving away from A-IoT device 410. If the indication indicates that the transmission power from reader 405 will decrease, A-IoT device 410 may increase the minimum antenna load threshold, making it more likely that reader 405 will receive backscatter communication from A-IoT device 410. Furthermore, if the indication indicates that the transmission power from reader 405 will decrease, A-IoT device 410 may increase the threshold for the maximum amplitude of the backscatter coefficient.

[0079] Alternatively or additionally, when reader 405 needs to increase transmit power, or if the reader is moving closer to A-IoT device 410, reader 405 may indicate a power change to A-IoT device 410. If the indication indicates that the transmit power from reader 405 will increase, A-IoT device 410 may reduce the minimum antenna load threshold. Furthermore, if the indication indicates that the transmit power from reader 405 will increase, A-IoT device 410 may reduce the threshold for the maximum amplitude of the backscattering coefficient.

[0080] In some respects, the antenna load applied by A-IoT device 410 may be based on the amount of power collected (e.g., power previously stored in A-IoT device 410). If the power collected by A-IoT device 410 is close to but below a minimum threshold for powering A-IoT device 410, A-IoT device 410 may switch to an antenna load with greater absorbed power (and less backscattered power) to avoid power loss. If the power collected by A-IoT device 410 is close to but above a minimum threshold for powering A-IoT device 410, A-IoT device 410 may switch to an antenna load with greater backscattered power (and less absorbed power) to increase the likelihood that reader 405 can receive backscattered transmissions.

[0081] In some respects, the A-IoT device 410 can indicate to the reader 405 the updated modulation order and the corresponding load index.

[0082] In some aspects, reader 405 can modify the transmit power during the backscatter coefficient scan process in a way that keeps the forward link signal power of A-IoT device 410 stable. For example, reader 405 can increase the transmit power during the backscatter coefficient scan process to keep the forward link stable, even though A-IoT device 410 changes (e.g., periodically increases) the amount of power absorbed. In some aspects, while A-IoT device 410 is ramping up the transmit power, reader 405 can maintain the transmit power (e.g., when the transmit power is at its maximum level) and reduce the data rate in the forward link steps.

[0083] If the A-IoT device 410 switches to an antenna load with an excessively high backscatter power ratio and then shuts down (sometimes referred to as a backscatter dead zone), the reader 405 can detect the backscatter dead zone via a response timeout. When a backscatter dead zone occurs, the reader 405 can increase the transmit power and instruct the A-IoT device 410 to switch to the previous antenna load or an antenna load with a lower backscatter power ratio.

[0084] Using the above information Figure 4 The backscatter coefficient scanning process described in Example 400 can improve the data rate in the backscatter link of A-IoT device 410. Furthermore, the power supplied to A-IoT device 410 may more likely allow A-IoT device 410 to harvest energy and send backscatter communications to reader 405.

[0085] As indicated above, Figure 4 Provided as an example. Other examples may be found with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 4 The examples described are different.

[0086] Figure 5This is a diagram of Example 500 associated with the backscattering coefficient scanning process according to this disclosure. (See diagram for example.) Figure 5 As shown, a network node (e.g., network node 110, CU, DU, or RU) operating as a reader (such as reader 405) can communicate with a UE (e.g., UE 120) operating as an A-IoT device (such as A-IoT device 410). In some aspects, the network node and the UE can be part of a wireless network (e.g., wireless network 100). The UE and the network node can... Figure 5 The operation shown has been performed with a wireless connection already established.

[0087] In the first operation 505, network node 110 may send configuration information, and UE 120 may receive the configuration information, which may indicate one or more candidate configuration or communication parameters. In some aspects, the one or more candidate configuration or communication parameters may be selected, activated, or deactivated via subsequent indications. For example, a subsequent indication may select a candidate configuration or communication parameter from the one or more candidate configuration or communication parameters. In some aspects, the subsequent indications (e.g., the indications described herein) may include dynamic indications, such as one or more Media Access Control (MAC) Control Elements (MAC-CE) or one or more Downlink Control Information (DCI) messages, etc. In some aspects, the subsequent indications may include environment-specific IoT signaling with non-OFDM waveforms, such as a "query" command. In some aspects, the configuration information may instruct UE 120 to perform a backscatter coefficient scan procedure, as described above regarding... Figure 4 As discussed in Example 400. UE 120 can configure itself at least in part based on configuration information. In some aspects, UE 120 can be configured to perform one or more operations described herein, at least in part based on configuration information.

[0088] In the second operation 510, UE 120 may send a capability report, and network node 110 may receive the capability report. The capability report may indicate whether UE 120 supports a certain feature or one or more parameters associated with that feature. For example, capability information may indicate one or more capabilities or parameters used in the backscatter coefficient scanning procedure. One or more operations described herein may be based on the capability information in the capability report. For example, UE 120 may perform communication based on the capability information, or may receive configuration information based on the capability information. In some aspects, the capability report may indicate UE 120's support for the backscatter coefficient scanning procedure, supported modulation schemes, updated modulation schemes, or combinations thereof, etc.

[0089] In some aspects, the capability report or the configuration information described in conjunction with operation 505 may include information transmitted via multiple communications. Additionally or alternatively, network node 110 may transmit the configuration information or communications including at least a portion of the configuration information before or after UE 120 transmits the capability report. For example, network node 110 may transmit a first portion of the configuration information before the capability report, UE 120 may transmit at least a portion of the capability report, and network node 110 may transmit a second portion of the configuration information after receiving the capability report. In some aspects, the configuration may include configuration for one or more of the following: time interval, the total number of antenna loads to be included in the backscatter scan, data sequence, or the length or modulation of the signal used during the backscatter scan. One or more of the time interval, the total number of antenna loads to be included in the backscatter scan, data sequence, or the length or modulation of the signal used during the backscatter scan may be associated with an indication from network node 110, rather than through configuration.

[0090] In the third operation 515, UE 120 and network node 110 exchange information related to the above. Figure 4 The backscatter coefficient scanning process discussed in Example 400 involves signals associated with it. For example, network node 110 may send waveforms, queries, or combinations thereof. UE 120 may apply different antenna loads to the signals sent by network node 110 and send various backscatter communications to network node 110. In some aspects, UE 120 may send an antenna load index of the minimum amplitude of the backscatter coefficients during the backscatter coefficient scanning process before initiating the backscatter scan, such that, for example, network node 110 can know the minimum amplitude load index of the backscatter coefficients. In some aspects, the antenna load index may be sent based on a backscatter transmit power indication associated with the minimum transmit power received by UE 120. The strength of the backscatter communication may be associated with the amount of energy absorbed by each antenna load in the antenna loads tested by UE 120. For example, a higher level of absorbed energy may result in weaker backscatter communication (e.g., backscatter communication sent at a lower power level). A lower level of absorbed energy may result in stronger backscatter communication (e.g., backscatter communication sent at a higher power level). In some respects, during the backscatter coefficient scan process, network node 110 can transmit changes in reader transmit power, and UE 120 can receive these changes. The changes in reader transmit power can indicate to UE 120 how the transmit power of network node 110 has changed during the backscatter coefficient scan process, as described above regarding... Figure 4 As discussed in Example 400.

[0091] In some aspects, performing a backscatter coefficient scan procedure may include scanning a first subset of the antenna load group in a first phase and a second subset of the antenna load group in a second phase. The first subset may be at least partially different from the second subset. Furthermore, the backscatter coefficient scan procedure may include: UE 120 receiving a phase number indication output by network node 110, and determining one or more of the first or second subset based on the phase number indication. In some aspects, the backscatter coefficient scan procedure may include: UE 120 receiving a total power level indication associated with the first phase, and UE 120 transmitting supported power level information associated with the total power level indication. During the second phase, UE 120 may receive a configuration for the remaining number of phases or power levels, and perform the backscatter coefficient scan procedure according to the configuration for the remaining number of phases or power levels.

[0092] In the fourth operation 520, network node 110 may send a measurement indication, and UE 120 may receive the measurement indication. The measurement indication may indicate the strength of one or more signals received by network node 110 during the backscatter coefficient scan process.

[0093] In the fifth operation 525, when the UE 120 receives a measurement instruction, the UE 120 can determine the antenna load corresponding to the minimum transmit power threshold (e.g., minimum backscatter coefficient amplitude), as described above regarding... Figure 4 As discussed in Example 400. In some respects, the UE 120 can determine the maximum transmit power based on measurements of absorbed power or antenna load, as discussed above. Figure 4 As discussed in Example 400. For example, during a backscatter coefficient scan, network node 110 may transmit a first waveform, and UE 120 may perform an antenna load scan until power loss occurs in UE 120. Network node 110 may transmit a second waveform to power UE 120. The maximum transmit power (e.g., the maximum backscatter coefficient amplitude) may be associated with the transmit power received during the antenna load scan at the time of power loss. In some aspects, the maximum transmit power may be determined based on an indication of the estimated absorbed power associated with a path loss model. In some aspects, a minimum or maximum transmit power threshold may be associated with changes in reader transmit power, as discussed above regarding... Figure 4 As discussed in Example 400. In some respects, the antenna load index discussed above with respect to Operation 515 may be transmitted together with the minimum transmit power threshold, the maximum transmit power threshold, or a combination thereof.

[0094] In the sixth operation 530, network node 120 may send an indication of one or more modulation schemes supported by UE 120, and UE 110 may receive the indication. Supported modulation schemes may be associated with minimum or maximum thresholds, as described above regarding... Figure 4 As discussed in Example 400. In some aspects, the indication of supported modulation schemes may identify one or more antenna loads associated with one or more supported modulation schemes. In some aspects, UE 120 may transmit a maximum modulation order indication. In some aspects, UE 120 may apply a QAM scheme based on determining that a first antenna load and a second antenna load have the same backscattering coefficient amplitude and different phases. In some aspects, the maximum modulation order indication may include the total number of loads and the current load index. In some aspects, the maximum modulation order indication may be associated with one or more of the maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude, the minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude, or the antenna load index. In some aspects, the maximum modulation order indication may be included in one or more of the preamble or data modes.

[0095] In the seventh operation 535, network node 110 may send a modulation scheme update, and UE 120 may receive the modulation scheme update. For example, network node 110 may update the modulation scheme according to a supported modulation scheme indicated by UE 120. Therefore, the modulation scheme applied by UE 120 and network node 110 to the communication between UE 120 and network node 110 may be associated with the minimum or maximum transmit power threshold determined with respect to operation 525.

[0096] As indicated above, Figure 5 Provided as an example. Other examples may be found with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 5 The examples described are different.

[0097] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating an example process 600 performed, for example, at a UE or a device of a UE that supports a backscatter coefficient scanning process, according to the present disclosure. Example process 600 is an example of an operation performed by a device or UE (e.g., UE 120) associated with dynamic backscatter link modulation scheme adaptation.

[0098] like Figure 6 As shown, in some aspects, process 600 may include: receiving a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmission powers (block 610). For example, a UE (such as by using...) Figure 8 The communication manager 140 or receiver component 802 depicted herein may receive a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmission powers, as described above.

[0099] like Figure 6 As further shown, in some aspects, process 600 may include: using the backscatter measurement indication to transmit a supported modulation scheme indication (box 620). For example, the UE (such as by using...) Figure 8The communication manager 140 or transmitting component 804 depicted may use the backscatter measurement indication to transmit a supported modulation scheme indication, as described above.

[0100] like Figure 6 As further shown, in some aspects, process 600 may include: receiving a modulation scheme update indication using the supported modulation scheme indication (box 630). For example, a UE (such as by using...) Figure 8 The communication manager 140 or receiving component 802 depicted herein may use the supported modulation scheme indication to receive a modulation scheme update indication, as described above.

[0101] Process 600 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described in one or more other processes described below or in conjunction with other parts of this document.

[0102] In a first additional aspect, process 600 includes: performing a backscatter scan to determine the one or more backscatter transmission powers, including one or more of a minimum transmission power or a maximum transmission power.

[0103] In a second additional aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 600 includes: receiving a backscatter transmission power indication associated with the minimum transmission power as a result of the backscatter scan.

[0104] In a third additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 600 includes: measuring the absorbed power associated with the backscatter scan to determine the maximum transmitted power.

[0105] In a fourth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, process 600 includes: determining the maximum transmit power associated with the antenna load.

[0106] In a fifth additional aspect, determining the maximum transmit power, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, includes: receiving a first waveform; performing an antenna load scan based on the first waveform until power loss occurs; receiving a second waveform; and receiving a maximum transmit power indication based on the transmit power during the antenna load scan at the time of power loss.

[0107] In the sixth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the maximum transmit power is associated with one or more antenna loads tested during the antenna load scan.

[0108] In the seventh additional aspect, determining the maximum transmission power, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, includes: receiving an indication of an estimated absorbed power based on a path loss model; and determining the maximum transmission power based on the estimated absorbed power.

[0109] In the eighth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, process 600 includes: transmitting a minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude and an antenna load index associated with the minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude.

[0110] In the ninth additional aspect, the transmission of the antenna load index occurs, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, prior to the execution of the backscatter scan.

[0111] In the tenth additional aspect, the transmission of the antenna load index occurs, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, based on the receipt of a backscatter transmission power indication associated with the minimum transmission power.

[0112] In the eleventh additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, process 600 includes: transmitting the maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude and the antenna load index associated with the maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude.

[0113] In the twelfth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh aspects, process 600 includes: receiving a backscatter scan instruction or configuration that indicates or configures one or more of the following: a time interval, the total number of antenna loads to be included in the backscatter scan, a data sequence, or the length or modulation of a signal used during the backscatter scan.

[0114] In the thirteenth additional aspect, performing the backscatter scan, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twelfth aspects, includes: scanning a first subset of the antenna load group in a first phase and scanning a second subset of the antenna load group in a second phase, the first subset being at least partially different from the second subset.

[0115] In the fourteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to thirteenth aspects, process 600 includes: receiving a stage quantity indication, and determining one or more of the first subset or the second subset based on the stage quantity indication.

[0116] In the fifteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourteenth aspects, process 600 includes: receiving a total power level indication associated with the first phase; sending supported power level information associated with the total power level indication; receiving a configuration for the number of remaining phases or the number of power levels during the second phase; and performing the backscatter scan according to the configuration for the number of remaining phases or the number of power levels.

[0117] In the sixteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifteenth aspects, process 600 includes: selecting a first antenna load or a second antenna load from one or more antenna loads to be included in the supported modulation scheme.

[0118] In the seventeenth additional aspect, selecting the first antenna load or the second antenna load, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixteenth aspects, includes receiving an antenna load indication for on / off keying modulation.

[0119] In the eighteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventeenth aspects, the antenna load indication is associated with a first signal strength associated with the first antenna load and a second signal strength associated with the second antenna load.

[0120] In the nineteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighteenth aspects, the antenna load indication includes an antenna load index.

[0121] In the twentieth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to nineteenth aspects, process 600 includes applying the supported modulation scheme by switching between the first antenna load and the second antenna load, the second antenna load being included in the antenna load index.

[0122] In the twenty-first additional aspect, the selection of the first antenna load or the second antenna load, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twentieth aspects, includes: identifying all antenna loads between the maximum and minimum backscattering coefficient amplitudes, the all antenna loads including one or more of the first antenna load or the second antenna load.

[0123] In the twenty-second additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-first aspects, process 600 includes: transmitting a maximum modulation order indication.

[0124] In the twenty-third additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-second aspects, process 600 includes: applying a quadrature amplitude modulation scheme based on the determination that the first antenna load and the second antenna load have the same backscattering coefficient amplitude and different phases.

[0125] In the twenty-fourth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-third aspects, the maximum modulation order indication includes the total load number and the current load index.

[0126] In the twenty-fifth additional aspect, the maximum modulation order indication is associated, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-fourth aspects, with one or more of the maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude, the minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude, or the antenna load index.

[0127] In the twenty-sixth additional aspect, the maximum modulation order indication is included, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-fifth aspects, in one or more of the preamble or data modes.

[0128] In the twenty-seventh additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-sixth aspects, process 600 includes: receiving a power change indication.

[0129] In the twenty-eighth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-seventh aspects, process 600 includes: increasing or decreasing the minimum antenna load based on the received power change indication.

[0130] In the twenty-ninth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-eighth aspects, process 600 includes: transmitting an updated modulation order indication based on receiving the power change indication.

[0131] although Figure 6 An example box for process 600 is shown, but in some respects, it differs from... Figure 6 Compared to the boxes depicted, process 600 may include additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged in a different manner. Additionally or alternatively, two or more boxes in process 600 may be executed in parallel.

[0132] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating an example process 700 performed at a network node or device supporting a backscatter coefficient scanning process, according to the present disclosure. Example process 700 is an example of an device or network node (e.g., network node 110) performing operations associated with dynamic backscatter link modulation scheme adaptation.

[0133] like Figure 7As shown, in some aspects, process 700 may include: transmitting a backscatter measurement indication (box 710) representing the backscatter transmission power of one or more backscattered devices. For example, network nodes (such as those using...) Figure 9 The communication manager 150 or transmitting component 904 depicted herein can transmit a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmission powers, as described above.

[0134] like Figure 7 Further shown, in some aspects, process 700 may include: using the backscatter measurement indication to receive a supported modulation scheme indication (box 720). For example, network nodes (such as those using...) Figure 9 The communication manager 150 or receiver 902 depicted herein may use the backscatter measurement indication to receive a supported modulation scheme indication, as described above.

[0135] like Figure 7 As further shown, in some aspects, process 700 may include: sending a modulation scheme update indication using the supported modulation scheme indication (box 730). For example, network nodes (such as those using...) Figure 9 The communication manager 150 or the transmitting component 904 depicted in the text may use the supported modulation scheme indication to transmit a modulation scheme update indication, as described above.

[0136] Process 700 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described in one or more other processes described below or in conjunction with other parts of this document.

[0137] In a first additional aspect, process 700 includes: configuring the UE to perform a backscatter scan to determine the one or more backscatter transmission powers, including one or more of a minimum transmission power or a maximum transmission power.

[0138] In a second additional aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 700 includes: transmitting a backscatter transmission power indication associated with the minimum transmission power as a result of the backscatter scan.

[0139] In a third additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 700 includes: configuring the UE to measure the absorbed power associated with the backscatter scan to determine the maximum transmit power.

[0140] In a fourth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, process 700 includes: configuring the UE to determine the maximum transmit power associated with the antenna load.

[0141] In a fifth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, configuring the UE to determine the maximum transmit power includes configuring the UE to: receive a first waveform; perform an antenna load scan based on the first waveform until power loss occurs; receive a second waveform; and receive a maximum transmit power indication based on the transmit power during the antenna load scan at the time of the power loss.

[0142] In the sixth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the maximum transmit power is associated with one or more antenna loads tested during the antenna load scan.

[0143] In the seventh additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, configuring the UE to determine the maximum transmit power includes configuring the UE to: receive an indication of an estimated absorbed power according to a path loss model; and determine the maximum transmit power based on the estimated absorbed power.

[0144] In the eighth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, process 700 includes: receiving a minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude and an antenna load index associated with the minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude.

[0145] In the ninth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, the reception of the antenna load index occurs based on the transmission of a backscatter transmission power indication associated with the minimum transmission power.

[0146] In the tenth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, process 700 includes: receiving the maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude and the antenna load index associated with the maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude.

[0147] In the eleventh additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, process 700 includes: sending a backscatter scan instruction or configuration that indicates or configures one or more of the following: a time interval, the total number of antenna loads to be included in the backscatter scan, a data sequence, or the length or modulation of a signal used during the backscatter scan.

[0148] In the twelfth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh aspects, configuring the UE to perform the backscatter scan includes configuring the UE to: perform a first-stage scan of a first subset of the antenna load group and a second-stage scan of a second subset of the antenna load group, the first subset being at least partially different from the second subset.

[0149] In the thirteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twelfth aspects, process 700 includes: transmitting a phase quantity indication, and configuring the UE to determine one or more of the first subset or the second subset based on the phase quantity indication.

[0150] In the fourteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to thirteenth aspects, process 700 includes: sending a total power level indication associated with the first phase; receiving supported power level information associated with the total power level indication; sending a configuration for the number of remaining phases or the number of power levels during the second phase; and configuring the UE to perform the backscatter scan according to the configuration for the number of remaining phases or the number of power levels.

[0151] In the fifteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourteenth aspects, process 700 includes: increasing transmission power according to the backscatter scan performed by the UE.

[0152] In the sixteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifteenth aspects, process 700 includes: reducing the data rate based on the backscatter scan performed by the UE.

[0153] In the seventeenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixteenth aspects, process 700 includes: configuring the UE to select a first antenna load or a second antenna load from one or more antenna loads to be included in a supported modulation scheme.

[0154] In the eighteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventeenth aspects, process 700 includes: transmitting an antenna load indication for on / off keying modulation.

[0155] In the nineteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighteenth aspects, the antenna load indication is associated with a first signal strength associated with the first antenna load and a second signal strength associated with the second antenna load.

[0156] In the twentieth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to nineteenth aspects, the antenna load indication includes an antenna load index.

[0157] In the twenty-first additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twentieth aspects, process 700 includes: configuring the UE to apply the supported modulation scheme by configuring the UE to switch between the first antenna load and the second antenna load, the second antenna load being included in the antenna load index.

[0158] In the twenty-second additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-first aspects, configuring the UE to select the first antenna load or the second antenna load includes configuring the UE to: identify all antenna loads between the maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude and the minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude, the all antenna loads including one or more of the first antenna load or the second antenna load.

[0159] In the twenty-third additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-second aspects, process 700 includes: receiving a maximum modulation order indication.

[0160] In the twenty-fourth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-third aspects, process 700 includes: configuring the UE to apply a quadrature amplitude modulation scheme based on the determination by the UE that the first antenna load and the second antenna load have the same backscattering coefficient amplitude and different phases.

[0161] In the twenty-fifth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-fourth aspects, the maximum modulation order indication includes the total load quantity and the current load index.

[0162] In the twenty-sixth additional aspect, the maximum modulation order indication is associated, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-fifth aspects, with one or more of the maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude, the minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude, or the antenna load index.

[0163] In the twenty-seventh additional aspect, the maximum modulation order indication is included, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-sixth aspects, in one or more of the preamble or data modes.

[0164] In the twenty-eighth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-seventh aspects, process 700 includes: transmission power change indication.

[0165] In the twenty-ninth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-eighth aspects, process 700 includes: configuring the UE to increase or decrease the minimum antenna load based on the received power change indication.

[0166] In the thirtieth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twenty-ninth aspects, process 700 includes: receiving an updated modulation order indication based on the received power change indication.

[0167] In the thirty-first additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to thirtieth aspects, process 700 includes: detecting a backscatter dead zone; increasing the transmit power to the UE; and sending an indication to the UE of applying a previous antenna load or an antenna load with a lower backscatter power ratio.

[0168] although Figure 7 An example box for process 700 is shown, but in some respects, it differs from... Figure 7 Compared to the boxes depicted, process 700 may include additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged in a different manner. Additionally or alternatively, two or more boxes in process 700 may be executed in parallel.

[0169] Figure 8 This is a diagram of an example device 800 for wireless communication that supports a backscatter coefficient scanning process according to the present disclosure. Device 800 may be a UE, or a UE may include device 800. In some aspects, device 800 includes a receiving component 802, a transmitting component 804, and a communication manager 140 that can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses). As shown, device 800 can use the receiving component 802 and the transmitting component 804 to communicate with another device 806 (such as a UE, a network node, or another wireless communication device).

[0170] In some respects, device 800 may be configured or be operable to perform the functions described herein. Figures 4 to 5 One or more operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, device 800 may be configured or able to operate to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 6 The process 600. In some aspects, the device 800 may include the above-described combination. Figure 2 One or more components of the UE as described.

[0171] Receiver 802 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, or data communications, from device 806. Receiver 802 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 800, such as communication manager 140. In some aspects, receiver 802 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components. In some aspects, receiver 802 may include the combinations described above. Figure 2 The described UE may have one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receiver processors, one or more controllers / processors, or one or more memories.

[0172] The transmitting component 804 can transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, or data communications, to the device 806. In some aspects, the communication manager 140 can generate communications and send the generated communications to the transmitting component 804 for transmission to the device 806. In some aspects, the transmitting component 804 can perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding) on ​​the generated communications and send the processed signals to the device 806. In some aspects, the transmitting component 804 may include the combinations described above. Figure 2 The described UE may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, or one or more memories. In some aspects, the transmit component 804 may co-located with the receive component 802 in one or more transceivers.

[0173] Communication manager 140 may receive a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmit powers, or may cause receiving component 802 to receive a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmit powers. Communication manager 140 may transmit a supported modulation scheme indication based on the backscatter measurement indication, or may cause transmitting component 804 to transmit a supported modulation scheme indication based on the backscatter measurement indication. Communication manager 140 may receive a modulation scheme update indication based on the supported modulation scheme indication, or may cause receiving component 802 to receive a modulation scheme update indication based on the supported modulation scheme indication. In some aspects, communication manager 140 may perform one or more operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by one or more components of communication manager 140.

[0174] Communication manager 140 may include the above-mentioned components. Figure 2 The described UE includes one or more controllers / processors and one or more memories. In some aspects, the communication manager 140 includes a set of components, such as a backscatter scanning component 808, a measurement component 810, or a processing component 812. Alternatively, this set of components may be separate from and distinct from the communication manager 140. In some aspects, one or more components in this set of components may include those described above. Figure 2 The described UE may have one or more controllers / processors or one or more memories, or may be implemented therein. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the set of components may be implemented at least partially as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion thereof) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and may be executed by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0175] The receiving component 802 can receive a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmission powers. The transmitting component 804 can transmit a supported modulation scheme indication based on the backscatter measurement indication. The receiving component 802 can receive a modulation scheme update indication based on the supported modulation scheme indication.

[0176] The backscatter scanning component 808 can perform a backscatter scan to determine the backscatter transmission power, including one or more of the minimum or maximum transmission power.

[0177] The receiving component 802 can receive a backscatter transmission power indication associated with the minimum transmission power as a result of the backscatter scan.

[0178] The measurement component 810 can measure the absorbed power associated with the backscatter scan to determine the maximum transmitted power.

[0179] Processing component 812 can determine the maximum transmit power associated with the antenna load.

[0180] The transmitting component 804 can transmit the minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude and the antenna load index associated with the minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude.

[0181] The transmitting component 804 can transmit the maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude and the antenna load index associated with the maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude.

[0182] The receiving component 802 may receive a backscatter scan indication or configuration that indicates or configures one or more of the following: a time interval, the total number of antenna loads to be included in the backscatter scan, a data sequence, or the length or modulation of a signal used during the backscatter scan.

[0183] The receiving component 802 can receive a stage number indication.

[0184] Processing component 812 can determine one or more of the first subset or the second subset based on the stage quantity indication.

[0185] The receiving component 802 can receive a total power level indication associated with the first stage.

[0186] The transmitting component 804 can transmit supported power level information associated with the total power level indication.

[0187] The receiving component 802 can receive configurations for the number of remaining stages or the number of power levels during this second phase.

[0188] The backscatter scanning component 808 can perform the backscatter scan according to the configuration for the number of remaining stages or the number of power levels.

[0189] Processing component 812 can select either a first antenna load or a second antenna load from one or more antenna loads to be included in the supported modulation scheme.

[0190] The processing component 812 can apply the supported modulation scheme by switching between the first antenna load and the second antenna load, which is included in the antenna load index.

[0191] Transmitter component 804 can transmit a maximum modulation order indication.

[0192] The processing component 812 can apply a quadrature amplitude modulation scheme based on the determination that the first antenna load and the second antenna load have the same backscattering coefficient amplitude and different phases.

[0193] The receiving component 802 can receive power change indications.

[0194] The processing component 812 can increase or decrease the minimum antenna load based on the received power change indication.

[0195] The transmitting component 804 can transmit an updated modulation order indication based on the received power change indication.

[0196] Figure 8 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In reality, with... Figure 8 Compared to the components shown, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner. Furthermore, Figure 8 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 8 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 8 The collection of (one or more) components shown is executable and described as being composed of Figure 8 Another set of components shown performs one or more functions.

[0197] Figure 9 This is a diagram of an example device 900 for wireless communication that supports a backscatter coefficient scanning process according to the present disclosure. Device 900 may be a network node, or a network node may include device 900. In some aspects, device 900 includes a receiving component 902, a transmitting component 904, and a communication manager 150 that can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses). As shown, device 900 can use the receiving component 902 and the transmitting component 904 to communicate with another device 906 (such as a UE, a network node, or another wireless communication device).

[0198] In some respects, device 900 may be configured or be operable to perform the functions described herein. Figures 4 to 5 One or more operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, device 900 may be configured or able to operate to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 7 The process 700. In some aspects, the device 900 may include the above-described combination. Figure 2 One or more components of the network node described.

[0199] Receiver 902 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, or data communications, from device 906. Receiver 902 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 900, such as communication manager 150. In some aspects, receiver 902 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.), and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components. In some aspects, receiver 902 may include the combinations described above. Figure 2 The described network node includes one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receiver processors, one or more controllers / processors, or one or more memories.

[0200] The transmitting component 904 can transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, or data communications, to the device 906. In some aspects, the communication manager 150 can generate communications and send the generated communications to the transmitting component 904 for transmission to the device 906. In some aspects, the transmitting component 904 can perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding) on ​​the generated communications and send the processed signals to the device 906. In some aspects, the transmitting component 904 may include the combinations described above. Figure 2 The described network node may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, or one or more memories. In some aspects, the transmit component 904 may co-located with the receive component 902 in one or more transceivers.

[0201] Communication manager 150 may transmit a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmission powers, or may cause transmitting component 904 to transmit a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmission powers. Communication manager 150 may use the backscatter measurement indication to receive a supported modulation scheme indication, or may cause receiving component 902 to use the backscatter measurement indication to receive a supported modulation scheme indication. Communication manager 150 may use the supported modulation scheme indication to transmit a modulation scheme update indication, or may cause transmitting component 904 to use the supported modulation scheme indication to transmit a modulation scheme update indication. In some aspects, communication manager 150 may perform one or more operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by one or more components of communication manager 150.

[0202] Communication manager 150 may include the above-mentioned combination Figure 2 The described network node includes one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, one or more schedulers, or one or more communication units. In some aspects, the communication manager 150 includes a set of components, such as a configuration component 908 or a processing component 910. Alternatively, this set of components may be separate from and distinct from the communication manager 150. In some aspects, one or more components in this set of components may include those described above. Figure 2 The described network node may include, or may include, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, one or more schedulers, or one or more communication units. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components of this set may be implemented at least partially as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion thereof) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the function or operation of that component.

[0203] Transmitting component 904 can transmit a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmission powers. Receiving component 902 can use the backscatter measurement indication to receive a supported modulation scheme indication. Transmitting component 904 can use the supported modulation scheme indication to transmit a modulation scheme update indication.

[0204] Configuration component 908 can configure the UE to perform a backscatter scan to determine the backscatter transmission power of one or more of the minimum or maximum transmission power.

[0205] The transmitting component 904 can transmit a backscatter transmission power indication associated with the minimum transmission power as a result of the backscatter scan.

[0206] Configuration component 908 can configure the UE to measure the absorbed power associated with the backscatter scan to determine the maximum transmit power.

[0207] Configuration component 908 can configure the UE to determine the maximum transmit power associated with the antenna load.

[0208] The receiving component 902 can receive the minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude and the antenna load index associated with the minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude.

[0209] The receiving component 902 can receive the maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude and the antenna load index associated with the maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude.

[0210] The transmitting component 904 may transmit a backscatter scan indication or configuration that indicates or configures one or more of the following: a time interval, the total number of antenna loads to be included in the backscatter scan, a data sequence, or the length or modulation of the signal used during the backscatter scan.

[0211] The sending component 904 can send a stage number indication.

[0212] Configuration component 908 can configure the UE to determine one or more of the first subset or the second subset based on the phase quantity indication.

[0213] The transmitting component 904 can transmit a total power level indication associated with the first phase.

[0214] The receiving component 902 can receive supported power level information associated with the total power level indication.

[0215] The transmitting component 904 can transmit configurations for the number of remaining stages or the number of power levels during this second phase.

[0216] Configuration component 908 can configure the UE to perform the backscatter scan based on the configuration for the number of remaining stages or the number of power levels.

[0217] Processing component 910 can increase transmission power based on the backscatter scan performed by the UE.

[0218] The processing component 910 can reduce the data rate based on the backscatter scan performed by the UE.

[0219] Configuration component 908 can configure the UE to select either a first antenna load or a second antenna load from one or more antenna loads to be included in a supported modulation scheme.

[0220] Transmitter 904 can transmit an antenna load indication for on / off keying modulation.

[0221] Configuration component 908 can configure the UE to apply the supported modulation scheme by switching between the first antenna load and the second antenna load, which is included in the antenna load index.

[0222] The receiving component 902 can receive the maximum modulation order indication.

[0223] Configuration component 908 can configure the UE to apply a quadrature amplitude modulation scheme based on the determination by the UE that the first antenna load and the second antenna load have the same backscattering coefficient amplitude and different phases.

[0224] Transmitting component 904 can transmit power change indications.

[0225] Configuration component 908 can configure the UE to increase or decrease the minimum antenna load based on the received power change indication.

[0226] The receiving component 902 can receive an updated modulation order indication based on the received power change indication.

[0227] Processing component 910 can detect backscatter dead zones.

[0228] Processing component 910 can increase the transmit power of the UE.

[0229] The transmitting component 904 can send an indication to the UE to apply a previous antenna load or an antenna load with a lower backscatter power ratio.

[0230] Figure 9 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In reality, with... Figure 9 Compared to the components shown, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner. Furthermore, Figure 9 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 9 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 9 The collection of (one or more) components shown is executable and described as being composed of Figure 9 Another set of components shown performs one or more functions.

[0231] The following provides an overview of some aspects of this disclosure.

[0232] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication performed at a UE, the method comprising: receiving a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmission powers; using the backscatter measurement indication to transmit a supported modulation scheme indication; and using the supported modulation scheme indication to receive a modulation scheme update indication.

[0233] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, the method further includes: performing a backscatter scan to determine the one or more backscatter transmission powers, including one or more of a minimum transmission power or a maximum transmission power.

[0234] Aspect 3: According to the method of aspect 2, the method further includes: receiving a backscatter transmission power indication associated with the minimum transmission power as a result of the backscatter scan.

[0235] Aspect 4: According to the method of aspect 2, the method further includes: measuring the absorbed power associated with the backscatter scan to determine the maximum transmit power.

[0236] Aspect 5: According to the method of aspect 2, the method further includes: determining the maximum transmit power associated with the antenna load.

[0237] Aspect 6: According to the method of aspect 5, determining the maximum transmit power includes: receiving a first waveform; performing an antenna load scan based on the first waveform until power loss occurs; receiving a second waveform; and receiving a maximum transmit power indication based on the transmit power during the antenna load scan at the time of the power loss.

[0238] Aspect 7: According to the method of aspect 6, the maximum transmit power is associated with one or more antenna loads tested during the antenna load scan.

[0239] Aspect 8: According to the method of aspect 5, determining the maximum transmit power includes: receiving an indication of an estimated absorbed power based on a path loss model; and determining the maximum transmit power based on the estimated absorbed power.

[0240] Aspect 9: According to the method of aspect 2, the method further includes: transmitting a minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude and an antenna load index associated with the minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude.

[0241] Aspect 10: According to the method of aspect 9, the transmission of the antenna load index occurs before the backscatter scan is performed.

[0242] Aspect 11: According to the method of aspect 9, the transmission of the antenna load index occurs based on the receipt of a backscatter transmission power indication associated with the minimum transmission power.

[0243] Aspect 12: According to the method of aspect 2, the method further includes: transmitting a maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude and an antenna load index associated with the maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude.

[0244] Aspect 13: The method according to aspect 2, the method further comprising: receiving a backscatter scan instruction or configuration, the backscatter scan instruction or configuration indicating or configuring one or more of the following: a time interval, the total number of antenna loads to be included in the backscatter scan, a data sequence, or the length or modulation of a signal used during the backscatter scan.

[0245] Aspect 14: According to the method of aspect 2, performing the backscatter scan includes: scanning a first subset of the antenna load group in a first stage and scanning a second subset of the antenna load group in a second stage, the first subset being at least partially different from the second subset.

[0246] Aspect 15: The method according to aspect 14, the method further comprising: receiving a stage number indication; and determining one or more of the first subset or the second subset based on the stage number indication.

[0247] Aspect 16: The method according to aspect 14, the method further comprising: receiving a total power level indication associated with the first phase; sending supported power level information associated with the total power level indication; receiving a configuration for the number of remaining phases or the number of power levels during the second phase; and performing the backscatter scan according to the configuration for the number of remaining phases or the number of power levels.

[0248] Aspect 17: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 16, the method further comprising: selecting a first antenna load or a second antenna load from one or more antenna loads to be included in a supported modulation scheme.

[0249] Aspect 18: The method according to aspect 17, wherein selecting the first antenna load or the second antenna load includes: receiving an antenna load indication for on / off keying modulation.

[0250] Aspect 19: The method according to aspect 18, wherein the antenna load indication is based on a first signal strength associated with the first antenna load and a second signal strength associated with the second antenna load.

[0251] Aspect 20: The method according to aspect 18, wherein the antenna load indication includes an antenna load index.

[0252] Aspect 21: The method according to aspect 20 further includes: applying the supported modulation scheme by switching between the first antenna load and the second antenna load, the second antenna load being included in the antenna load index.

[0253] Aspect 22: According to the method of aspect 17, selecting the first antenna load or the second antenna load includes: identifying all antenna loads between the maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude and the minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude, said all antenna loads including one or more of the first antenna load or the second antenna load.

[0254] Aspect 23: According to the method of aspect 22, the method further includes: transmitting a maximum modulation order indication.

[0255] Aspect 24: According to the method of aspect 23, the method further includes: applying an orthogonal amplitude modulation scheme based on determining that the first antenna load and the second antenna load have the same backscattering coefficient amplitude and different phases.

[0256] Aspect 25: According to the method of aspect 23, the maximum modulation order indication includes the total number of loads and the current load index.

[0257] Aspect 26: According to the method of aspect 23, wherein the maximum modulation order indication is associated with one or more of the maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude, the minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude, or the antenna load index.

[0258] Aspect 27: According to the method of aspect 23, the maximum modulation order indication is included in one or more of the preamble or data modes.

[0259] Aspect 28: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 27, the method further comprising: receiving a power change indication.

[0260] Aspect 29: The method according to aspect 28 further includes: increasing or decreasing the minimum antenna load based on receiving the power change indication.

[0261] Aspect 30: The method according to aspect 28, the method further comprising: sending an updated modulation order indication based on receiving the power change indication.

[0262] Aspect 31: A method of wireless communication performed at a network node, the method comprising: transmitting a backscatter measurement indication representing one or more backscatter transmission powers; using the backscatter measurement indication to receive a supported modulation scheme indication; and using the supported modulation scheme indication to transmit a modulation scheme update indication.

[0263] Aspect 32: The method according to aspect 31, the method further comprising: configuring the UE to perform a backscatter scan to determine the one or more backscatter transmission powers, including one or more of a minimum transmission power or a maximum transmission power.

[0264] Aspect 33: According to the method of aspect 32, the method further includes: transmitting a backscatter transmission power indication associated with the minimum transmission power as a result of the backscatter scan.

[0265] Aspect 34: The method according to aspect 32 further includes: configuring the UE to measure the absorbed power associated with the backscatter scan to determine the maximum transmit power.

[0266] Aspect 35: The method according to aspect 32 further includes: configuring the UE to determine the maximum transmit power associated with the antenna load.

[0267] Aspect 36: According to the method of aspect 35, configuring the UE to determine the maximum transmit power includes configuring the UE to: receive a first waveform; perform an antenna load scan based on the first waveform until power loss occurs; receive a second waveform; and receive a maximum transmit power indication based on the transmit power during the antenna load scan at the time of the power loss.

[0268] Aspect 37: According to the method of aspect 36, the maximum transmit power is associated with one or more antenna loads tested during the antenna load scan.

[0269] Aspect 38: The method according to aspect 35, wherein configuring the UE to determine the maximum transmit power includes configuring the UE to: receive an indication of an estimated absorbed power according to a path loss model; and determine the maximum transmit power based on the estimated absorbed power.

[0270] Aspect 39: According to the method of aspect 32, the method further includes: receiving a minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude and an antenna load index associated with the minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude.

[0271] Aspect 40: The method according to aspect 39, wherein receiving the antenna load index occurs based on transmitting a backscatter transmission power indication associated with the minimum transmission power.

[0272] Aspect 41: According to the method of aspect 32, the method further includes: receiving a maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude and an antenna load index associated with the maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude.

[0273] Aspect 42: The method according to aspect 32, the method further comprising: sending a backscatter scan indication or configuration, the backscatter scan indication or configuration indicating or configuring one or more of the following: a time interval, the total number of antenna loads to be included in the backscatter scan, a data sequence, or the length or modulation of a signal used during the backscatter scan.

[0274] Aspect 43: According to the method of aspect 32, configuring the UE to perform the backscatter scan includes configuring the user equipment to: perform a first-stage scan of a first subset of the antenna load group and a second-stage scan of a second subset of the antenna load group, the first subset being at least partially different from the second subset.

[0275] Aspect 44: The method according to aspect 43 further includes: transmitting a phase number indication; and configuring the UE to determine one or more of the first subset or the second subset based on the phase number indication.

[0276] Aspect 45: The method according to aspect 43, the method further comprising: sending a total power level indication associated with the first phase; receiving supported power level information associated with the total power level indication; sending a configuration for the number of remaining phases or the number of power levels during the second phase; and configuring the UE to perform the backscatter scan according to the configuration for the number of remaining phases or the number of power levels.

[0277] Aspect 46: The method according to aspect 32, the method further comprising: increasing transmission power based on the backscatter scan performed by the user equipment.

[0278] Aspect 47: The method according to aspect 32, the method further comprising: reducing the data rate based on the backscatter scan performed by the user equipment.

[0279] Aspect 48: The method according to any one of aspects 31 to 47, the method further comprising: configuring the UE to select a first antenna load or a second antenna load from one or more antenna loads to be included in a supported modulation scheme.

[0280] Aspect 49: The method according to aspect 48 further includes: transmitting an antenna load indication for on / off keying modulation.

[0281] Aspect 50: The method according to aspect 49, wherein the antenna load indication is associated with a first signal strength associated with the first antenna load and a second signal strength associated with the second antenna load.

[0282] Aspect 51: The method according to aspect 49, wherein the antenna load indication includes an antenna load index.

[0283] Aspect 52: According to the method of aspect 51, the method further includes: configuring the UE to apply the supported modulation scheme by configuring the UE to switch between the first antenna load and the second antenna load, the second antenna load being included in the antenna load index.

[0284] Aspect 53: According to the method of aspect 48, configuring the UE to select the first antenna load or the second antenna load includes configuring the UE to: identify all antenna loads between the maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude and the minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude, said all antenna loads including one or more of the first antenna load or the second antenna load.

[0285] Aspect 54: According to the method of aspect 53, the method further includes: receiving a maximum modulation order indication.

[0286] Aspect 55: According to the method of aspect 54, the method further includes: configuring the UE to apply an orthogonal amplitude modulation scheme based on the determination by the UE that the first antenna load and the second antenna load have the same backscattering coefficient amplitude and different phases.

[0287] Aspect 56: According to the method of aspect 54, the maximum modulation order indication includes the total number of loads and the current load index.

[0288] Aspect 57: According to the method of aspect 54, wherein the maximum modulation order indication is associated with one or more of the maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude, the minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude, or the antenna load index.

[0289] Aspect 58: According to the method of aspect 54, wherein the maximum modulation order indication is included in one or more of the preamble or data modes.

[0290] Aspect 59: The method according to any one of aspects 31 to 58, the method further comprising: transmitting power change indication.

[0291] Aspect 60: The method according to aspect 59, the method further comprising: configuring the user equipment to increase or decrease the minimum antenna load based on receiving the power change indication.

[0292] Aspect 61: The method according to aspect 59, the method further comprising: receiving an updated modulation order indication based on receiving the power change indication.

[0293] Aspect 62: The method according to any one of aspects 31 to 61, the method further comprising: detecting a backscatter dead zone; increasing the transmit power to the UE; and sending an indication to the UE to apply a previous antenna load or an antenna load having a lower backscatter power ratio.

[0294] Aspect 63: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: one or more processors; one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 62.

[0295] Aspect 64: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 62.

[0296] Aspect 65: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 62.

[0297] Aspect 66: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 62.

[0298] Aspect 67: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 62.

[0299] Aspect 68: A device for wireless communication, the device including a processing system comprising one or more processors and one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors, the processing system being configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 62.

[0300] While the foregoing disclosure provides examples and descriptions, it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made based on the foregoing disclosure, or from various forms of practice.

[0301] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be broadly interpreted as hardware or a combination of hardware and software. "Software" should be broadly interpreted as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable programs, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or other terms. As used herein, a "processor" is implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that the systems or methods described herein can be implemented in various forms of hardware or combinations of hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems or methods is not limited in any way. Therefore, the operation and behavior of these systems or methods are described herein without reference to any specific software code, as those skilled in the art will understand that the software and hardware can be designed to implement these systems or methods, at least in part, based on the description herein.

[0302] As used in this article, depending on the context, "meeting the threshold" can mean a value greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, etc.

[0303] As used herein, the term "determine" or "determine" encompasses a wide variety of actions, and therefore, "determine" can include calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, lookup (such as by searching in a table, database, or other data structure), identification, reasoning, discovery, and similar actions. Additionally, "determine" can include receiving (such as receiving information or receiving instructions), accessing (such as accessing data stored in memory), sending (such as sending information), etc. Furthermore, "determine" can include parsing, selecting, obtaining, choosing, creating, and other similar actions.

[0304] Although specific combinations of features are set forth in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically stated in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with each other claim in the claim set. As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” in the list of items refers to any combination of these items, including a single member. As an example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c, as well as any combination having multiple identical elements (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c, and c+c+c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0305] No element, action, or instruction used herein should be construed as essential or necessary unless explicitly stated otherwise. Furthermore, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and are interchangeable with “one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the article “described” is intended to include one or more items mentioned in connection with the article “described” and is interchangeable with “one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “group” and “cluster” are intended to include one or more items and are interchangeable with “one or more.” If only one item is desired, the phrase “only one” or similar terminology will be used. Moreover, as used herein, the terms “having” and similar terms are intended as open-ended terms that do not limit the elements they modify (e.g., “having” A may also have B). Furthermore, as used herein, “based on” is intended to be interpreted in an inclusive sense unless otherwise explicitly indicated. For example, unless otherwise explicitly indicated, “based on” is interchangeable with “at least partially based on,” “associated with,” or “according to.” Specifically, unless the phrase in the context refers to "based on 'one' only" or an equivalent, it can be based solely on "one" or on a combination of "one" and one or more other factors, conditions, or information, whether it is "based on 'one'" or "at least partially based on 'one'". Furthermore, as used herein, the term "or" is intended to be inclusive when used consecutively and is interchangeable with "and / or" unless otherwise explicitly stated (e.g., if used in conjunction with "either of the two" or "only one of them").

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, the user equipment (UE) comprising: One or more memory units; and One or more processors, said one or more processors being coupled to said one or more memories and configured to cause the UE to: Receive a backscatter measurement indication representing the power of one or more backscatter transmissions; The backscatter measurement indication is used to transmit the supported modulation scheme indication; and Use the supported modulation scheme indication to receive the modulation scheme update indication.

2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to perform a backscatter scan to determine the one or more backscatter transmission powers, including one or more of a minimum transmission power or a maximum transmission power.

3. The UE of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to receive a backscatter transmission power indication associated with the minimum transmission power as a result of the backscatter scan.

4. The UE of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to measure the absorbed power associated with the backscatter scan to determine the maximum transmit power.

5. The UE of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to determine the maximum transmit power associated with the antenna load.

6. The UE of claim 5, wherein, in order to determine the maximum transmit power, the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to: Receive the first waveform; Perform antenna load scanning based on the first waveform until power loss occurs; Receive the second waveform; and The maximum transmit power indication is received based on the transmit power during the antenna load scan when the power loss occurs.

7. The UE of claim 5, wherein, in order to determine the maximum transmit power, the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to: Receive an indication of the absorbed power estimated according to the path loss model; and The maximum transmission power is determined based on the estimated absorption power.

8. The UE of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to transmit a minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude and an antenna load index associated with the minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude.

9. The UE of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to transmit a maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude and an antenna load index associated with the maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude.

10. The UE of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to receive a backscatter scan indication or configuration, the backscatter scan indication or configuration indicating or configuring one or more of the following: a time interval, the total number of antenna loads to be included in the backscatter scan, a data sequence, or the length or modulation of a signal used during the backscatter scan.

11. The UE of claim 2, wherein, in order to perform the backscatter scan, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to scan a first subset of the antenna load group in a first phase and a second subset of the antenna load group in a second phase, the first subset being at least partially different from the second subset.

12. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to select a first antenna load or a second antenna load from one or more antenna loads to be included in a supported modulation scheme.

13. The UE of claim 12, wherein, in order to select the first antenna load or the second antenna load, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to identify all antenna loads between the maximum backscattering coefficient amplitude and the minimum backscattering coefficient amplitude, said all antenna loads including one or more of the first antenna load or the second antenna load.

14. The UE of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to transmit a maximum modulation order indication.

15. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to: receive a power change indication, increase or decrease a minimum antenna load based on receiving the power change indication, and transmit an updated modulation order indication based on receiving the power change indication.

16. A network node for wireless communication, the network node comprising: One or more memory units; and One or more processors, said one or more processors coupled to said one or more memories and configured to cause the network node to: Send a backscatter measurement indication representing the power of one or more backscatter transmissions; The backscatter measurement indication is used to receive the supported modulation scheme indication; and Use the supported modulation scheme indication to send a modulation scheme update indication.

17. The network node of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to configure user equipment (UE) to perform a backscatter scan to determine the one or more backscatter transmission powers, including one or more of a minimum transmission power or a maximum transmission power.

18. The network node of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to send a backscatter transmission power indication associated with the minimum transmission power as a result of the backscatter scan.

19. The network node of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to increase transmission power based on the backscatter scan performed by the user equipment.

20. The network node of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to reduce the data rate based on the backscatter scan performed by the user equipment.

21. The network node of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to configure the user equipment (UE) to select a first antenna load or a second antenna load from one or more antenna loads to be included in a supported modulation scheme.

22. The network node of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to send a power change indication.

23. The network node of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to: Detecting backscatter dead zones; Increase the transmit power to the user equipment (UE); and Send an indication to the UE to apply the previous antenna load or an antenna load with a lower backscatter power ratio.

24. A method for wireless communication performed at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: Receive a backscatter measurement indication representing the power of one or more backscatter transmissions; Use the backscatter measurement indication to send a supported modulation scheme indication; as well as Use the supported modulation scheme indication to receive the modulation scheme update indication.

25. The method according to claim 24, further comprising: Perform a backscatter scan to determine the one or more backscatter transmission powers, including one or more of the minimum or maximum transmission power.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein performing the backscatter scan comprises: The first phase scans a first subset of the antenna load group and the second phase scans a second subset of the antenna load group, wherein the first subset is at least partially different from the second subset.

27. The method of claim 26, further comprising: Quantity indication during the receiving phase; as well as The first subset or one or more of the second subset are determined based on the stage number indication.

28. The method according to claim 26, further comprising: Receive the total power level indication associated with the first phase; Send the supported power level information associated with the total power level indication; During the second phase, receive configuration for the number of remaining phases or the number of power levels; as well as The backscatter scan is performed according to the configuration for the number of remaining stages or the number of power levels.

29. A method for wireless communication performed at a network node, the method comprising: Send a backscatter measurement indication representing the power of one or more backscatter transmissions; Use the backscatter measurement indication to receive the supported modulation scheme indication; as well as Use the supported modulation scheme indication to send a modulation scheme update indication.

30. The method according to claim 29, further comprising: Transmit power change indication.

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