Method and apparatus for radio frequency exposure limit compliance taking into account total energy specifications

Abstract

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques and apparatus for multiple radio frequency exposure limit compliance. An example method of wireless communication includes obtaining scaling information indicating a relationship between a first radio frequency (RF) exposure limit and a second RF exposure limit. The method further includes transmitting the signal at a transmit power determined based at least in part on the maximum allowable transmit power of the time interval and the scaling information.

Description

Cross Reference to Related Applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 18 / 471,134, filed September 20, 2023, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. BACKGROUND TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to radio frequency (RF) exposure compliance.

[0003] Description of Related Art Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, etc. Modern wireless communication devices, such as cellular phones, are often required to meet radio frequency (RF) exposure limits set by certain government and international standards and regulations. To ensure compliance with the standards, such devices are subject to a comprehensive certification process before being released to the market. To ensure that wireless communication devices comply with the RF exposure limits, techniques have been developed that enable a wireless communication device to assess RF exposure from the wireless communication device and adjust the transmit power of the wireless communication device accordingly in order to be compliant. SUMMARY

[0004] Some aspects provide a method of wireless communication by a wireless device. The method includes obtaining scaling information indicative of a relationship between a first radio frequency (RF) exposure limit and a second RF exposure limit. The method further includes transmitting a signal at a transmit power determined based at least in part on a maximum allowed time-averaged transmit power for a time interval and the scaling information.

[0005] Some aspects provide an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus includes one or more memories that collectively store computer-executable instructions. The apparatus further includes one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors are collectively configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to cause the apparatus to perform operations. The operations include obtaining scaling information indicative of a relationship between a first RF exposure limit and a second RF exposure limit. The operations further include controlling to transmit a signal at a transmit power determined based at least in part on a maximum allowed time-averaged transmit power for a time interval and the scaling information.

[0006] Some aspects provide an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus includes means for obtaining scaling information indicative of a relationship between a first RF exposure limit and a second RF exposure limit. The apparatus further includes means for transmitting a signal at a transmit power determined based at least in part on a maximum allowed time-averaged transmit power for a time interval and the scaling information.

[0007] Some aspects provide a computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform a method. The method includes obtaining scaling information indicating a relationship between a first RF exposure limit and a second RF exposure limit. The method also includes transmitting a signal at a transmission power determined at least in part based on the maximum permissible time-averaged transmission power over a time interval and the scaling information.

[0008] Some aspects provide a method for wireless communication by a wireless device. The method includes obtaining scaling information indicating a relationship between a first radio frequency (RF) exposure limit and a second RF exposure limit. The method also includes transmitting a signal at a transmission power determined at least in part based on a maximum allowed time-averaged transmission power and the scaling information. The transmission power is less than or equal to the maximum allowed time-averaged transmission power scaled by a factor associated with the first RF exposure limit.

[0009] Some aspects provide an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus includes one or more memories that collectively store computer-executable instructions. The apparatus also includes one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors are collectively configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to cause the apparatus to perform operations. The operations include obtaining scaling information indicating a relationship between a first radio frequency (RF) exposure limit and a second RF exposure limit. The operations also include transmitting a signal at a transmission power determined at least in part based on a maximum allowed time-averaged transmission power and the scaling information. The transmission power is less than or equal to the maximum allowed time-averaged transmission power scaled by a factor associated with the first RF exposure limit.

[0010] Some aspects provide an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus includes components for obtaining scaling information indicating a relationship between a first radio frequency (RF) exposure limit and a second RF exposure limit. The apparatus also includes components for transmitting a signal at a transmission power determined at least in part based on a maximum allowed time-averaged transmission power and the scaling information. The transmission power is less than or equal to the maximum allowed time-averaged transmission power scaled by a factor associated with the first RF exposure limit.

[0011] Some aspects provide a computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform a method. The method includes obtaining scaling information indicating a relationship between a first radio frequency (RF) exposure limit and a second RF exposure limit. The method also includes transmitting a signal at a transmission power determined at least in part based on a maximum permissible time-averaged transmission power and the scaling information. The transmission power is less than or equal to the maximum permissible time-averaged transmission power scaled by a factor associated with the first RF exposure limit.

[0012] Other aspects provide: an apparatus capable of operating to, being configured to, or otherwise adapted to perform one or more of the foregoing methods and / or those methods described elsewhere herein; a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a processor of the apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the foregoing methods and those methods described elsewhere herein; a computer program product embodied on a computer-readable storage medium comprising: code for performing the foregoing methods and those methods described elsewhere herein; and / or an apparatus comprising components for performing the foregoing methods and those methods described elsewhere herein. By way of example, an apparatus may include a processing system, a device having a processing system, or a processing system cooperating via one or more networks.

[0013] To achieve the foregoing and related objectives, one or more aspects include the features fully described below and specifically pointed out in the claims. The following description and drawings illustrate certain exemplary features of these one or more aspects in detail. However, these features indicate only a few of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To gain a more detailed understanding of the foregoing features of this disclosure, a more specific description of the brief overview can be obtained by referring to some aspects illustrated in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that the drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure and are therefore not to be considered as limiting its scope, as other equally valid aspects may be acknowledged in this description.

[0015] FIG. 1 It is a block diagram that conceptually illustrates an example wireless communication system that demonstrates human exposure to radio frequency (RF).

[0016] FIG. 2 It is a block diagram that conceptually illustrates the design of an example wireless communication device that communicates with another device.

[0017] FIG. 3 This is an illustration illustrating an example of transmit power over time that conforms to RF exposure limits.

[0018] FIG. 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example wireless device with multiple radio components.

[0019] FIG. 5A This is an example table depicting the relationship between time-averaged RF exposure limits and total energy specifications for different peak transmit powers.

[0020] FIG. 5B This is an example table depicting the transmission time (duration) corresponding to a specific peak power to time-averaged power ratio (PAR) associated with the time-averaged RF exposure limit and the effective PAR associated with the total energy specification.

[0021] FIG. 6 This is a flowchart illustrating example operations used to ensure compliance with multiple RF exposure limits.

[0022] FIG. 7 An example (normalized) transmit power over time is shown relative to the maximum time-averaged transmit power level (P). 限值 (The curve graph).

[0023] FIG. 8A This is a sample table depicting scaling information for fallback independent of time-averaged RF exposure limits.

[0024] FIG. 8B This is a sample table depicting scaling information for the average transmit power over the maximum allowed time.

[0025] FIG. 9 This is a flowchart illustrating an example operation of wireless communication by a wireless device.

[0026] FIG. 10 Examples are illustrated of communication devices that may include various components configured to perform the operations of the techniques disclosed herein.

[0027] For ease of understanding, the same reference numerals have been used where possible to denote common elements in the figures. It is conceivable that elements disclosed in one aspect may be usefully applied to other aspects without specific description. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Various aspects of this disclosure provide apparatus, methods, processing systems, and computer-readable media for complying with multiple radio frequency (RF) exposure limits, including total energy specifications, as further described herein.

[0029] In some cases, regulatory agencies (e.g., the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)) and / or standards bodies (e.g., the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines followed by the European Union (EU)) may specify multiple RF exposure limits. For example, the ICNIRP 2020 guidelines provide time-averaged RF exposure limits (e.g., for a six-minute average interval) and total RF energy specifications allowed over a specified duration (e.g., for an integral interval greater than zero to less than six minutes). The total RF energy specification can be used for short-duration RF exposures (e.g., less than six minutes) by limiting the total energy transmitted (e.g., as the product of instantaneous RF exposure and transmission time) within a given average time window of RF exposure time. The total RF energy specification can provide the overall level of RF exposure that a human might encounter over a specified duration relative to various RF exposure scenarios (e.g., localized head / torso exposure scenarios, localized limb exposure scenarios, and / or localized absorbed energy density (Uab)). In some cases, the total RF energy specification can provide a total RF exposure level less than the time-averaged RF exposure limit for a specific duration.

[0030] This disclosure provides apparatus and methods for conforming to time-averaged RF exposure limits and total RF energy specifications. Wireless communication devices can apply a scaling factor to a time-averaged RF exposure assessment to convert transmit power (e.g., past transmit power and / or the maximum permissible time-averaged transmit power for future time intervals) to conform to time-averaged RF exposure limits and total RF energy specifications. The scaling factor can indicate the relationship between the time-averaged RF exposure limit and the total RF energy specification. As an example, the wireless device can adjust a normalized transmit power report according to a scaling factor. The wireless device can determine the maximum permissible time-averaged transmit power for future time intervals based on a time-averaged RF exposure assessment of the adjusted normalized transmit power report. The wireless device can adjust the maximum permissible time-averaged transmit power according to a scaling factor.

[0031] The apparatus and methods described herein for multi-RF exposure limit compliance offer various advantages. For example, multi-RF exposure limit compliance can improve wireless communication performance, including, for example, increased throughput, reduced latency, and / or increased transmission range. Performance improvements can be attributed to efficient transmit power allocation that complies with time-averaged RF exposure limits and total RF energy specifications. Furthermore, in some examples, when wireless devices encounter multiple types of RF exposure scenarios, the apparatus and methods for multi-RF exposure limit compliance enable relatively efficient determination of transmit power allocation, linear calculations, operations applicable to legacy operations, and time-averaged operations.

[0032] As used herein, a radio component can refer to the physical or logical transmission path associated with one or more frequency bands (carriers, channels, bandwidths, their subdivisions, etc.), transceivers, and / or radio access technologies (RATs) used for wireless communication (e.g., Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Short Range Communication (e.g., Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC), etc.), Off-Terrain Communication, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communication, etc.). For example, for uplink carrier aggregation (or multi-connectivity) in WWAN communication, each active component carrier in the active component carriers used for wireless communication can be considered a separate radio component. Similarly, IEEE 802.11 multi-band transmission can be considered a separate radio component for each frequency band (e.g., 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or 6 GHz). Examples RF Exposure compliance

[0033] FIG. 1 An example wireless communication system 100 in which aspects of this disclosure may be performed is illustrated. For example, wireless communication system 100 may include a wireless wide area network (WWAN) and / or a wireless local area network (WLAN). For example, a WWAN may include a new radio (NR) system (e.g., a 5G NR network), an evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) system (e.g., a 4G network), a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) (e.g., a 2G / 3G network), a code division multiple access (CDMA) system (e.g., a 2G / 3G network), any future WWAN system, or any combination thereof. A WLAN may include a wireless network configured to communicate according to IEEE standards (such as one or more standards in the 802.11 standard). In some cases, wireless communication system 100 may include a device-to-device (D2D) communication network or a short-range communication system, such as Bluetooth communication.

[0034] like FIG. 1 As illustrated, the wireless communication system 100 may include a first wireless device 102 that communicates with any of the various second wireless devices 104a-f (second wireless devices 104) via any of the various radio access technologies (RATs), wherein a wireless device may refer to a wireless communication device. RATs may include, for example, WWAN communication (e.g., E-UTRA and / or 5G NR), WLAN communication (e.g., IEEE 802.11), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication, short-range communication (e.g., Bluetooth), etc.

[0035] The first wireless device 102 may transmit RF signals in the vicinity of a human 108, who may be a user and / or bystander of the first wireless device 102. As an example, the first wireless device 102 may be held in the hand of the human 108 and / or positioned against or near the head of the human 108. In some cases, the first wireless device 102 may be positioned in the pocket or bag of the human 108. In some cases, the first wireless device 102 may be positioned near the human 108 as a mobile hotspot. To ensure that the human 108 is not excessively exposed to RF emissions from the first wireless device 102, the first wireless device 102 may control the transmission power associated with the RF signal according to an RF exposure limit, as further described herein, wherein the RF exposure limit may depend on the corresponding exposure scenario (e.g., head exposure, limb (e.g., hand) exposure, body (body-worn) exposure, hotspot exposure, etc.). Limbs may include, for example, hands, wrists, feet, ankles, and ears.

[0036] The first wireless device 102 may include any of a variety of wireless communication devices, including user equipment (UE), wireless station, access point, customer premises equipment (CPE), etc. In some aspects, according to various aspects of this disclosure, the first wireless device 102 includes an RF exposure manager 106 that ensures compliance with time-averaged RF exposure limits and total RF exposure specifications.

[0037] The second wireless devices 104a-f may include, for example, base station 104a, aircraft 104b, satellite 104c, vehicle 104d, access point (AP) 104e, and / or UE 104f. Furthermore, the wireless communication system 100 may include terrestrial aspects (such as terrestrial network entities (e.g., base station 104a and / or access point 104e)) and / or non-terrestrial aspects (such as aircraft 104b and satellite 104c), which may include onboard network entities (e.g., one or more base stations) capable of communicating with other network elements (e.g., terrestrial base stations) and / or user equipment.

[0038] Base station 104a may generally include: NodeB (NB), enhanced NodeB (eNB), next-generation enhanced NodeB (ng-eNB), next-generation NodeB (gNB or gNodeB), access point, transceiver base station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, transmit / receive point, and / or others. Base station 104a can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area, which may sometimes be referred to as a cell, and in some cases may overlap (e.g., a small cell may have a coverage area that overlaps with the coverage area of ​​a macro cell). For example, the base station may provide communication coverage for macro cells (covering a relatively large geographic area), pico cells (covering a relatively small geographic area, such as a stadium), femtocells (covering a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home)), and / or other types of cells.

[0039] The first wireless device 102 and / or UE 104f may generally include: cellular phones, smartphones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, GPS devices, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players, cameras, game consoles, tablet computers, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electricity meters, air pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, always-on (AON) devices, edge processing devices, or other similar devices. The UE may also be more commonly referred to as a mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, radio station (STA), mobile station, subscriber station, mobile subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, remote device, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, mobile phone, and other terms.

[0040] In certain circumstances, the first wireless device 102 can control the transmit power used to transmit RF signals to comply with RF exposure limits. RF exposure can be expressed using specific absorption rate (SAR), which measures the energy absorption per unit mass of human tissue and can be expressed in watts per kilogram (W / kg). RF exposure can also be expressed using power density (PD), which measures the energy absorption per unit area and can be expressed in milliwatts per square centimeter (mW / cm²). 2 In some cases, maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limits (in the form of PD) may be imposed on wireless communication devices using transmission frequencies above 6 GHz. The 24 GHz to 71 GHz band is sometimes referred to as “millimeter wave” (“mmW” or “mmWave”). MPE limits are area-based regulatory measures of exposure, such as energy density limits, which are defined as the number of watts per square meter (W / m²) multiplied by the average over the defined area and the time average over a frequency-dependent time window.2 This is to prevent human exposure hazards represented by changes in tissue temperature. Some RF exposure limits may be specified based on the maximum RF exposure metric (e.g., SAR or PD) averaged over a specified time window (e.g., 100 or 360 seconds for the sub-6 GHz band, or 2 seconds for the 60 GHz band).

[0041] SAR (Radio Frequency Exposed) can be used to assess RF exposure at transmission frequencies below 6 GHz, covering wireless communication technologies such as 2G / 3G (e.g., CDMA), 4G (e.g., E-UTRA), 5G (e.g., NR in sub-6 GHz bands), and IEEE 802.11 (e.g., a / b / g / n / ac). PD (Radio Frequency Exposed) can be used to assess RF exposure at transmission frequencies above 6 GHz, covering wireless communication technologies such as IEEE 802.11ad, 802.11ay, and 5G in the mmWave band. Therefore, different metrics can be used to assess the RF exposure of different wireless communication technologies.

[0042] A wireless device (e.g., first wireless device 102) may be able to transmit signals using a variety of wireless communication technologies and / or frequency bands, and in some cases, be able to transmit such signals simultaneously. For example, the wireless device may use a first wireless communication technology operating at or below 6 GHz (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, 802.11a / b / g / n / ac, etc.) and a second wireless communication technology operating above 6 GHz (e.g., mmWave 5G, IEEE 802.11ad, or 802.11ay in the 24 GHz to 60 GHz band) to transmit signals. In some aspects, the wireless device may use a first wireless communication technology (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, IEEE 802.11ac, etc. in the sub-6 GHz band) (in which RF exposure can be measured in the form of SAR) and a second wireless communication technology (e.g., 5G, IEEE 802.11ad, 802.11ay, etc. in the 24 GHz to 71 GHz band) (in which RF exposure can be measured in the form of PD) to transmit signals.

[0043] FIG. 2 Example components of a first wireless device 102 are illustrated, which can be used to communicate with either of a second wireless device 104 in some cases near human tissue, such as human 108.

[0044] The first wireless device 102 may be or may include a chip, system-on-a-chip (SoC), chipset, package, or device that includes one or more modems 212. In some cases, modem 212 may include, for example, any of the following: a WWAN modem (e.g., a modem configured to communicate via E-UTRA and / or 5G NR standards), a WLAN modem (e.g., a modem configured to communicate via the 802.11 standard), a Bluetooth modem, an NTN modem, etc. In some aspects, the first wireless device 102 may also include one or more radio components (collectively referred to as "radio component 250"). In some aspects, the first wireless device 102 may also include one or more processors, processing blocks, or processing elements (collectively referred to as "processor 210") and one or more storage blocks or elements (collectively referred to as "memory 240").

[0045] In some aspects, processor 210 may include a processor representing an application processor that generates information for transmission (e.g., application data, such as content requests) and / or receives information (e.g., requested content) via modem 212. In some cases, processor 210 may include a microprocessor associated with modem 212 that implements RF exposure manager 106 and / or processes any protocol stack layer associated with radio access technology (RAT). For example, processor 210 may process any of the application layer, packet layer, WLAN protocol stack layer (e.g., link or MAC layer), and / or WWAN protocol stack layer (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and MAC layer). In some cases, at least one of modems 212 (e.g., a WWAN modem) may communicate with one or more other modems 212 (e.g., WLAN modems and / or Bluetooth modems). For example, processor 210 may represent at least one of modems 212 communicating with one or more other modems 212.

[0046] Modem 212 may include smart hardware blocks or devices (such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and other possibilities). Modem 212 may typically be configured to implement the physical (PHY) layer. For example, modem 212 may be configured to modulate packets and output the modulated packets to radio component 250 for transmission over a wireless medium. Modem 212 is similarly configured to receive modulated packets received by radio component 250 and demodulate these packets to provide demodulated packets. In addition to modulators and demodulators, modem 212 may also include digital signal processing (DSP) circuitry, automatic gain control (AGC), decoders, decoders, multiplexers, and demultiplexers (not shown).

[0047] As an example, when in transmit mode, modem 212 may obtain data from processor 210. The data obtained from processor 210 may be provided to a decoder, which encodes the data to provide coded bits. The coded bits may be mapped (e.g., using a selected modulation and decoding scheme) to points in a modulation constellation to provide modulated symbols. The modulated symbols may be mapped to, for example, a spatial stream or a space-time stream. The modulated symbols may be multiplexed, transformed via an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) block, and subsequently provided to DSP circuitry for transmit windowing and filtering. The digital signal may be provided to digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 222. In some aspects involving beamforming, the modulated symbols in the corresponding spatial stream may be pre-decoded via a steering matrix before being provided to the IFFT block.

[0048] Modem 212 may be coupled to radio component 250, which includes a transmit (TX) path 214 (also called a transmit chain) for transmitting signals via one or more antennas 218 and a receive (RX) path 216 (also called a receive chain) for receiving signals via antenna 218. When TX path 214 and RX path 216 share antenna 218, these paths may be connected to the antenna via interface 220, which may include any of a variety of suitable RF devices, such as switches, duplexers, doubleters, multiplexers, etc. As an example, modem 212 may output digital in-phase (I) baseband signals and / or quadrature (Q) baseband signals representing corresponding symbols to DAC 222.

[0049] Receiving either an I-band analog signal or a Q-band analog signal from DAC 222, TX path 214 may include a baseband filter (BBF) 224, a mixer 226 (which may include one or more mixers), and a power amplifier (PA) 228. BBF 224 filters the baseband signal received from DAC 222, and mixer 226 mixes the filtered baseband signal with a transmit local oscillator (LO) signal to convert the baseband signal to a different frequency (e.g., up-converting from baseband to radio frequency). In some aspects, the frequency conversion process produces a sum and difference frequency between the LO frequency and the frequency of the baseband signal. This sum and difference frequency is called a beat frequency. Some beat frequencies are in the RF range, such that the signal output from mixer 314 is typically an RF signal, which can be amplified by PA 228 before being transmitted via antenna 218. Antenna 218 can transmit an RF signal that can be received at the second wireless device 104. Although a mixer 226 is illustrated, several mixers can be used to upconvert a filtered baseband signal to one or more intermediate frequencies and then upconvert the intermediate frequency signal to the frequency used for transmission.

[0050] RX path 216 may include a low-noise amplifier (LNA) 230, a mixer 232 (which may include one or more mixers), and a baseband filter (BBF) 234. RF signals received via antenna 218 (e.g., from the second wireless device 104) may be amplified by LNA 230, and mixer 232 mixes the amplified RF signal with a received local oscillator (LO) signal to convert the RF signal to a baseband frequency (e.g., down-conversion). The baseband signal output from mixer 232 may be filtered by BBF 234 and then converted to a digital I or Q signal by analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 236 for digital signal processing. Modem 212 may receive the digital I or Q signal and further process the digital signal, e.g., demodulate the digital signal.

[0051] Some transceivers may employ a frequency synthesizer with a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) to generate a stable, tunable LO frequency with a specific tuning range. Therefore, the transmit LO frequency can be generated by frequency synthesizer 238, which may be buffered or amplified by an amplifier (not shown) before mixing with the baseband signal in mixer 226. Similarly, the receive LO frequency can be generated by frequency synthesizer 238, which may be buffered or amplified by an amplifier (not shown) before mixing with the RF signal in mixer 232. Separate frequency synthesizers may be used for TX path 214 and RX path 216.

[0052] When in receive mode, modem 212 can acquire the digitally converted signal via ADC 236 and RX path 216. As an example, in modem 212, the digital signal can be provided to DSP circuitry configured to acquire the received signal, for example, by detecting the presence of the signal and estimating the initial timing and frequency offset. The DSP circuitry is also configured to digitally condition the digital signal, for example, using channel (narrowband) filtering, analog impairment conditioning (such as correcting I / Q imbalance), and applying digital gain to ultimately obtain a narrowband signal. The output of the DSP circuitry can be fed to AGC, which is configured to use information extracted from the digital signal (e.g., in one or more received training fields) to determine the appropriate gain. The output of the DSP circuitry can also be coupled to a demodulator configured to extract modulated symbols from the signal and, for example, calculate the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) for each bit location of each subcarrier in each spatial stream. The demodulator can be coupled to a decoder configured to process the LLR to provide decoded bits. The decoded bits from all spatial streams can be fed to a demultiplexer for demultiplexing. The demultiplexed bits can be descrambled and provided to the media access control layer (e.g., processor 210) for processing, evaluation, or interpretation.

[0053] Processor 210 and / or modem 212 can control the transmission of signals via TX path 214 and / or the reception of signals via RX path 216. In some aspects, processor 210 and / or modem 212 can be configured to perform various operations, such as those associated with any of the methods described herein. Processor 210 and / or modem 212 may include a microcontroller, microprocessor, application processor, baseband processor, MAC processor, neural network processor, digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic unit, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof. In some cases, aspects of processor 210 may be integrated (incorporated and / or shared) with modem 212, which may be such as RF exposure manager 106, microcontroller, microprocessor, baseband processor, media access control (MAC) processor, digital signal processor, etc. For example, processor 210 may represent a coprocessor (e.g., a microprocessor) associated with modem 212, and modem 212 may represent an ASIC including a baseband processor, MAC processor, DSP, and / or neural network processor. Memory 240 may store data and program code (e.g., computer-readable instructions) for performing wireless communications as described herein. Memory 240 may be external to (as illustrated) and / or incorporated into processor 210 and / or modem 212. In some cases, RF exposure manager 106 (e.g., implemented via processor 210 and / or modem 212) may determine transmit power that conforms to RF exposure limits set by national-specific regulations and / or international guidelines (e.g., International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines) as described herein (e.g., corresponding to certain gain levels applied to TX path 214 including BBF 224, mixer 226, and / or PA 228).

[0054] FIG. 2 An example transceiver design is illustrated. It will be understood that other transceiver designs or architectures can be applied in conjunction with various aspects of this disclosure. For example, while the examples discussed herein utilize I and Q signals (e.g., quadrature modulation), those skilled in the art will understand that transceiver components can be configured to utilize any other suitable modulation, such as polarity modulation. Furthermore, circuit blocks can be... FIG. 2 The configurations shown are arranged differently, and / or can be implemented in addition to or in place of the depicted blocks. FIG. 2 Other circuit blocks not shown.

[0055] In some cases, compliance with RF exposure limits can be performed as a time-averaged RF exposure assessment within a specified operational (mobile) time window associated with the RF exposure limit. RF exposure limits can specify a time-averaged RF exposure metric (e.g., SAR and / or PD) within the operational time window. As an example, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) stipulates that for frequencies below 6 GHz, certain SAR limits (general public exposure) are 0.08 W / kg, such as averaging over the entire body, and 1.6 W / kg of peak spatially averaged SAR, averaging over any 1 gram of tissue (defined as a cubic tissue volume), while certain PD limits are 1 mW / cm². 2 Such as averaging over the entire body, and in any 1cm 2 The average value was 4mW / cm. 2 The peak spatial average PD. The FCC also specifies that for the sub-6 GHz band, the corresponding averaging time can be 100 seconds, while for the mmWave band (e.g., the 60 GHz band), the averaging time can be 2 seconds.

[0056] RF exposure limits and / or corresponding average time windows may vary based on frequency bands. In some respects, RF exposure limits and / or corresponding average time windows (if applicable) may be specific to a particular geographic region or country, such as the United States, Canada, China, or the European Union. In some cases, RF exposure limits may specify the maximum permissible RF exposure that may be encountered without time averaging. In such cases, the maximum permissible RF exposure may correspond to the maximum output or transmit power that can be used by the wireless device.

[0057] FIG. 3 This is a graph 300 showing the transmit power (P(t)) changing over time within an operational (e.g., rolling or moving) time window (T) associated with RF exposure limits. A wireless device (e.g., first wireless device 102) can assess RF exposure compliance within the operational time window 302(T) based on past RF exposures (e.g., transmit power reports) in past time intervals 304 of time window 302 and future time intervals 306. The wireless device can determine the maximum permissible transmit power for future time intervals 306 that meets the time-averaged RF exposure limits based on past RF exposures used in past time intervals 304. The wireless device can perform this time-averaged assessment as time window 302 moves over time, for example, into the next future time interval 308, where past time interval 304 now includes the previous future time interval 306.

[0058] Maximum time-average transmit power limit (P) 限值This represents the maximum transmit power that the wireless device can continuously transmit within the duration of the operating time window 302(T), conforming to the RF exposure limit. For example, the wireless device transmits at P in the third time window 302c. 限值 Transmissions are made continuously such that the time-averaged transmit power over the time window (e.g., the third time window 302c) is equal to P, which meets the time-averaged RF exposure limit. 限值 With time-averaged transmit power limitation (P 限值 The corresponding RF exposure level can be referred to as the RF exposure design target. The RF exposure design target can be less than or equal to the RF exposure limit. Typically, the RF exposure design target is chosen to be less than the RF exposure limit to account for device uncertainties and / or to meet RF exposure limits in exposure scenarios involving simultaneous transmission with other radio components within the same device that have different RF exposure control schemes.

[0059] In some cases, the instantaneous transmission power may exceed P at certain transmission moments. 限值 For example, as shown in the first time window 302a and the second time window 302b. In some cases, the wireless device can P max_tx (This can be the maximum instantaneous transmit power supported by the wireless device, the maximum instantaneous transmit power that the wireless device can output, or the maximum instantaneous transmit power permitted by standards or regulatory bodies (e.g., maximum output power P)). CMAX The wireless device may transmit at a rate less than or equal to P during certain transmission events. 限值 Transmit at the specified transmission power, for example, as shown in the first time window 302a.

[0060] In some cases, reserved power can be used to achieve the effect of power exceeding P during the time window (T). 限值 During transmission, continuous transmission can be performed within this time window, or a specific quality level can be achieved for certain transmissions. As shown in the second time window 302b, the transmission power can be adjusted from P... max_tx Back to reserved power (P) 预留 This allows the wireless device to maintain continuous transmission during the time window (e.g., maintaining a radio connection with the receiving entity) while meeting the time-averaged RF exposure limit. In the third time window 302c, the wireless device can increase the transmission power to meet the time-averaged RF exposure limit P. 限值 In some cases, P 预留 A specific transmission quality level may be allowed for certain transmissions (e.g., control signaling). P 预留 This can be used to reserve transmission power for certain transmissions (e.g., control signaling) within at least a portion of time window 302. 预留 It can also be referred to as "control power level" or "control level".

[0061] In the second time window 302b, the area of ​​the transmitted power (P(t)) in the second time window 302b is equal to the area of ​​P in the time window T. 限值 The area. This area can be considered using 100% energy (transmit power or exposure) to maintain compliance with time-averaged RF exposure limits. Without reserved power P 预留 In this case, the transmitter can transmit at P within a portion of the time window. max_tx Transmission is performed, and the transmitter is turned off for the remainder of the time window to ensure compliance with time-averaged RF exposure limits. Note that if P... 预留 It is P in time window 302b 限值 Half of it, then in P max_tx During the duration of P max_tx With P 预留 The area between them can be equal to P of the time window T. 限值 With P 预留 The area between.

[0062] In some respects, the wireless device can achieve a higher P value in the time averaging mode illustrated in the second time window 302b. 限值 But less than P max_tx The power is used for transmission. Although a single transmission burst is illustrated in the second time window 302b, it will be understood that the wireless device may instead utilize multiple transmission bursts within the time window (T), wherein the transmission burst is maintained at a transmission power equal to or below P during its duration. 预留 The transmission time periods are separated. Furthermore, it will be understood that the transmission power of each transmission burst can vary (within the burst and / or compared to other bursts), and at least a portion of a burst can be higher than P. 限值 The power is transmitted.

[0063] In some respects, wireless devices may transmit power at a level less than or equal to a fixed power limit (e.g., P) without taking into account past exposure and / or past transmit power in terms of time-averaged RF exposure. 限值 The power of ) is used for transmission. For example, wireless devices can use (depending on the RF exposure scenario, including P) to transmit. 限值 (One or more values) lookup table to find values ​​less than or equal to P 限值 The power is used for transmission. The lookup table may be determined based on the transmission frequency, transmitting antenna, radio configuration (single or multiple radios), and / or RF exposure scenario encountered by the wireless device (e.g., device status index corresponding to head exposure, body or torso exposure, limb or hand exposure, and / or hotspot exposure) to provide P. 限值One or more values. Examples of RF exposure scenarios include situations where a wireless device is emitting RF signals near human tissue (such as a user's head, hands, or body (e.g., torso)), or where the wireless device is being used as a hotspot away from human tissue. Therefore, RF exposure can be managed as a time-averaged RF exposure assessment (e.g., FIG. 3 (As illustrated in the examples), management may be carried out using lookup tables, equalization, or maximum values, or another strategy or algorithm may be used, in which the specific process for managing RF exposure may be referred to as the RF exposure control scheme in this paper.

[0064] In some respects, wireless devices may exhibit or be configured with a transmit duty cycle. Wireless devices may determine transmit power levels and / or reserved power levels that comply with time-averaged RF exposure limits based on the duty cycle. The transmit duty cycle can indicate the share (e.g., 100ms) of a specific period (e.g., 500ms) in which the wireless device transmits RF signals. The duty cycle can be a ratio of the share to a specific period (e.g., ...). The duty cycle can be expressed as a number from zero to one. For example, in a first time window 302a, the duty cycle may be greater than 50% of the duration of the time window (T), while in a second time window 302b, the duty cycle may be equal to 100% of the duration of the time window (T). In some cases, the duty cycle may be standardized using a specific RAT (e.g., predetermined) and / or change over time, for example, due to changes in radio conditions, mobility, and / or user behavior.

[0065] As an example, some RATs can specify the uplink duty cycle in the form of a time-division duplex (TDD) configuration, such as the TDD uplink-downlink (UL-DL) slot mode in 5G NR or a similar TDD mode in E-UTRA or UMTS. In 5G NR, the TDD UL-DL slot mode can specify the number of uplink slots and the corresponding time positioning associated with the uplink slots in the sequence, such that the total number of uplink slots relative to the total number of slots in the sequence indicates the duty cycle. In some aspects, the duty cycle can correspond to the actual duration of past transmissions used for scheduling or use within, for example, the TDD UL-DL slot mode. For example, although a radio device may be configured with a TDD UL-DL slot mode, the radio device may use a portion or subset of UL slots to transmit RF signals. Therefore, the duty cycle of the radio device may be less than the maximum available duty cycle corresponding to the TDD UL-DL slot mode.

[0066] FIG. 4This is an illustration of an example wireless device 402 (e.g., a first wireless device 102) having multiple radio components 450a-d (e.g., radio component 250). In this example, radio components 450a-d may be associated with any of various RATs and / or frequency bands, channels, bandwidths, carriers, etc. For example, the first radio component 450a may communicate via a WWAN RAT (e.g., E-UTRA and / or 5G NR) in a sub-6 GHz band. The second radio component 450b may communicate via a WWAN RAT (e.g., 5G NR) in the mmWave band. The third radio component 450c may communicate via a WLAN RAT in a sub-6 GHz band (e.g., 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and / or 6 GHz). The fourth radio component 450d may communicate via short-range communication (e.g., Bluetooth) in the 2.4 GHz band. Although this example illustrates a wireless device with four radio components, a wireless device may have any number of radio components for wireless communication, such as radio components per frequency band associated with WWAN and / or WLAN communication, radio components per RAT, and / or radio components capable of communicating via multiple RATs.

[0067] In some cases, regulatory agencies (e.g., the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)) and / or standards bodies (e.g., the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines followed by the European Union (EU)) may specify multiple RF exposure limits. For example, the ICNIRP 2020 guidelines provide time-averaged RF exposure limits (e.g., for a six-minute average interval) and total RF energy specifications allowed over a specified duration (e.g., for an integral interval greater than zero to less than six minutes). Total RF energy specifications can be used for brief RF exposures (e.g., less than six minutes) by limiting the total energy transmitted (e.g., as the product of instantaneous RF exposure and transmission time) within a given average time window of RF exposure time. Total RF energy specifications can provide the overall level of RF exposure that a human might encounter over a specified duration relative to various RF exposure scenarios (e.g., localized head / torso exposure scenarios, localized limb exposure scenarios, and / or localized absorbed energy density (Uab)). Table 1 provides example levels of time-averaged RF exposure limits and total energy specifications associated with different exposure scenarios (e.g., head exposure scenarios, torso exposure scenarios, and limb or limb exposure scenarios). Table 1: Example RF Exposure Limitations Among the various functions of the total energy gauge t This refers to the transmission time (or integration interval) within a specified duration (e.g., 360 seconds). In some cases, tIt can be greater than 0 and less than the specified duration.

[0068] Some time-averaged RF exposure assessments evaluate RF exposure compliance based on normalized time-averaged transmit power. Since RF exposure levels are proportional to transmit power, wireless devices can determine their normalized time-averaged RF exposure based on the normalized time-averaged transmit power. Normalized time-averaged RF exposure can be less than the level corresponding to the maximum time-averaged power (P0). 限值 The threshold (e.g., 1) of the maximum time-averaged power level can represent the RF exposure limit, as provided in the following expression: (1) Where T is the time average time window (e.g., T = 360 seconds), and This is the transmission power that varies over time. The total transmitted energy can be determined using the following expression: (2) In some cases, the time-averaged RF exposure limit may not meet a specific total energy specification, such as the one provided in Table 1. In some cases, the total RF energy specification may provide a total RF exposure level that is less than the time-averaged RF exposure limit for a specific duration. Example Radio Frequency Exposure Limit Compliance Considering Total Energy Specification

[0069] This disclosure provides apparatus and methods for conforming to multiple RF exposure limits (such as time-averaged RF exposure limits and total RF energy specifications) implemented in the same area. A wireless communication device can apply a scaling factor to a time-averaged RF exposure assessment to convert transmit power (e.g., past transmit power and / or the maximum permissible time-averaged transmit power for a future time interval (e.g., time interval 306)) to conform to the time-averaged RF exposure limit and the total RF energy specification. The scaling factor can indicate the relationship between the time-averaged RF exposure limit and the total RF energy specification. As an example, the wireless device can adjust a normalized transmit power report according to the scaling factor. The wireless device can determine the maximum permissible time-averaged transmit power (e.g., P) for a future time interval based on the time-averaged RF exposure assessment of the adjusted normalized transmit power report. max_avg Wireless devices can adjust the maximum permissible time-averaged transmit power according to a scaling factor. By converting the total energy specification into a scaling factor as further described herein, wireless devices can remain compliant with the total energy specification for any variation in transmit power, such as multiple transmit power levels within a time-averaged time window (e.g., time window 302).

[0070] In some respects, the maximum time-averaged transmit power level (e.g., P)限值 This can be effectively converted to meet a specific level that satisfies the total energy specification as described herein relative to Table 1. If the wireless device transmits at a level higher than the maximum time-averaged power level (P... 限值 Transmit power t If the time is less than 2 seconds, the total energy can be determined according to expression (2). In this expression, the normalized time-averaged RF exposure can be replaced by the ratio of peak transmitted power to time-averaged power (PAR, where...) ), as provided in the following formula: (3)

[0071] To meet total energy specifications, wireless devices can evaluate time-averaged RF exposure relative to total energy specifications. As an example, in the case of head exposure or torso exposure scenarios, total energy can be expressed as follows: (4) in It is the effective ratio (or nominal ratio or effective PAR) of the total energy specification, and " P 限值 T The item reflects the regulatory exposure limits in cases of head / torso exposure as shown in Table 1. Regulatory time window = 2W / kg 360s = 720J / kg. It can be a power function associated with the total energy specification (e.g., The effective ratio of the total energy specification can be determined based on PAR (because PAR is equivalent to...). To determine, for example, as follows: (5)

[0072] PAR can indicate the permissible transmit power level in a time-averaged RF exposure assessment (e.g., the corresponding total RF energy = time-averaged RF exposure limit). (Time average time window), and effective ratio ( newPAR This can indicate the permissible transmit power level that meets the total energy specification. The relationship between the PAR and the new PAR is represented by reducing the maximum permissible time-averaged transmit power supplied to the radio components (e.g., ...). ), and use the inverse factor (e.g., ( This can be used to amplify transmit power (e.g., transmit power reporting), and time-averaged RF exposure assessment can meet total energy specifications. Note that... .

[0073] For head / torso exposure scenes, the scaling factor can be determined as a function of PAR, for example: (6) It should be noted that the scaling factor mentioned above can also be applied to PD exposure in the mmW NR band.

[0074] For limb or limb exposure scenes in the SAR band, the scaling factor can be determined as follows: (7)

[0075] FIG. 5A Table 500A is an example table depicting the relationship between time-averaged RF exposure limits and total energy specifications for different peak transmit powers (e.g., different PARs). In this example, Table 500A depicts the PAR values, new PAR values, and corresponding scaling factors associated with head / torso exposure scenarios and limb exposure scenarios.

[0076] In some respects, the scaling factor can correspond to the transmission duration that satisfies the total energy specification. Since the total energy specification corresponds to the transmission duration, the wireless device can determine the transmission duration associated with the factor, and the wireless device can transmit signals within a time interval less than or equal to the corresponding transmission duration. FIG. 5B Table 500B is an example table depicting the transmission time (duration) corresponding to certain PARs associated with the time-averaged RF exposure limit and the effective PARs associated with the total energy specification. Table 500B provides the transmission time that satisfies the total energy specification. For example, when the effective PAR is equal to four, a wireless device may be allowed to transmit for up to 28.6 seconds at that particular transmission power (e.g., the transmission power is four times the level corresponding to the RF exposure limit). A scaling factor can indicate the transmission duration. The transmission time can be equal to the product of the scaling factor and the transmission duration corresponding to the PAR equal to the new PAR. For example, for a scaling factor of 0.32, the transmission duration can be equal to 28.6, for example, 90.0 multiplied by the scaling factor.

[0077] As shown in Table 1, the total energy specification can depend on the transmission duration ( tIn some cases, the transmission duration can be achieved under the assumption that the wireless device transmits at a fixed transmit power (or PAR) throughout the entire transmission duration. For example, as can be seen in Table 500B, if the wireless device transmits with a PAR of 2 (e.g., the transmit power is twice the level corresponding to the RF exposure limit), the wireless device can transmit for up to 98.4 seconds to meet the total energy specification. Similarly, a PAR of 4 could correspond to a transmission time of 28.6 seconds. However, if the wireless device transmits with a PAR of 2 in part “t1” of the 360th second time window and with a PAR of 4 in another part “t2” of the same time window, determining in real time the combination of “t1” and “t2” that meets the total energy specification can be challenging (answer: if t1 = 98.4s). If x%, then t2 = 28.6 (100%-x%), where x% represents the percentage of total energy consumed by transmitting at PAR 2.

[0078] In some respects, wireless devices can transmit signals for a duration shorter than the maximum transmission duration, based on the highest PAR supported by the wireless device. For example, assuming the wireless device can output a signal with a transmission power corresponding to a PAR of 4, the maximum transmission duration would be 28.6 seconds. FIG. 5B As depicted in the text.

[0079] FIG. 6 This is a flowchart illustrating example operation 600 for ensuring compliance with multiple RF exposure limits. Operation 600 may be performed, for example, by a wireless device (e.g., first wireless device 102). In some respects, it may be performed by one or more processors of the wireless device (e.g., FIG. 2 An RF exposure manager (e.g., RF exposure manager 106) implemented by a processor 210 and / or modem 212 can perform operation 600. In some examples, the references to the processor or modem below may indicate that RF exposure manager 106 is implemented within one of the components performing the described operations. In some examples, portions of operation 600 (e.g., operation of TxAGC, reporting of power used) may be performed by one or more radio components (e.g., any radio component in radio component 450) communicating with the mentioned processor, modem, or RF exposure manager. FIG. 7 To describe operation 600, an example (normalized) transmit power over time is shown relative to the maximum time-averaged transmit power level (P). 限值 The graph 700 shows the reported transmission power (e.g., past transmission power within a regulatory time window 706) and the average transmission power over the maximum allowed time (P). maxUsing the scaling information described in this article (in) FIG. 6 China is known as factor ( PAR1 )and factor ( PAR2 Use ) to scale.

[0080] Operation 600 may optionally begin at block 602, wherein the wireless device can obtain transmit power for a specific time interval (e.g., a second time interval 708) within a time window (T) associated with a time-averaged RF exposure limit. For example, transmit power can be obtained from a transmit automatic gain control (TxAGC) module (or transmit power control module) at layer 1 (L1) of the protocol stack. For example, L1 may include a physical radio layer (PHY), which may be implemented via transceiver circuitry and / or any radio component 450. In some aspects, the processor 210 and / or modem 212 of the first wireless device 102 can obtain (or access) the transmit power for that specific time interval. For example, the processor 210 and / or modem 212 can control the transmit power and track the transmit power output by the transmit path over time. A transmit power report of past transmit power (e.g., past transmit power 706) may represent the actual transmit power within the expected device uncertainty.

[0081] At box 604, the wireless device can determine a normalized power report for past transmit power (e.g., past transmit power 706). The normalized power report for a specific time interval (e.g., a second time interval 708) can be generated using P... 限值 The normalized power report is the average transmission power over the past time during the normalized time interval (e.g., the second time interval 708). The normalized power report can represent PAR, such as PAR1. The normalized power report can be equal to the average transmission power over the past time during the second time interval 708 divided by P. 限值 (For example, normalized power report = time-averaged Tx power report / P) 限值 The transmit power associated with the second time interval 708 is averaged over the second time interval 708. Such normalized power reports can be calculated and tracked for multiple time intervals belonging to the time averaging time window (T), such as those corresponding to past transmit power 706. The wireless device can determine the sum of the normalized power reports for past transmit power 706.

[0082] At box 606, the wireless device can adjust the normalized power report based on scaling information, such as the scaling factor (e.g., in...). FIG. 6 China is known as factor ( PAR1(and its associated description). Wireless devices can amplify the normalized power report by a scaling factor. For example, a scaled version of the normalized power report 710 can be equal to the normalized power report divided by the scaling factor. In some cases, such as when PAR is less than or equal to one (i.e., the average transmitted power over the past time period during the time interval is less than or equal to P),... 限值 When scaling is applied, wireless devices can avoid using scaling factors, or wireless devices can apply a scaling factor equal to one.

[0083] At box 608, the wireless device may perform a time averaging operation based on a scaled version of the normalized power report. The wireless device may determine the allowed normalized exposure margin for the next time interval in the time window (T) (e.g., the first time interval 704) such that the time average of the scaled version of the normalized power report and the exposure margin for the next time interval satisfy a normalized scaled RF exposure design objective. In some aspects, the exposure margin may be the maximum RF exposure that the wireless device can generate and that satisfies the normalized scaled RF exposure design objective. The normalized exposure margin may be the percentage of remaining exposure relative to the normalized power report and the scaled RF exposure design objective. For example, the normalized scaled RF exposure design objective is satisfied when the time average of the scaled version of the normalized power report and the exposure margin for the next time interval is less than or equal to one (e.g., the normalized scaled RF exposure design objective).

[0084] At box 610, the wireless device can determine the maximum permissible time-averaged transmit power (P) for the next time interval (e.g., the first time interval 704). max_avg For example, the maximum allowed time average transmission power (P) max_avg This can be equal to the normalized exposure margin and P. 限值 The product of the two. The wireless device can determine the PAR (e.g., PAR2 = P) associated with the average transmit power over the maximum allowed time. max_avg / P 限值 ).

[0085] In box 612, the wireless device can adjust the maximum allowed time average transmit power based on scaling information, such as a scaling factor (e.g., ...). FIG. 6 In factor ( PAR2 (and its associated description). Wireless devices can scale down the maximum allowed time average transmit power according to a scaling factor. For example, a scaled version of the maximum allowed time average transmit power (P) max__avg_scaled This can be equal to the product of the maximum allowed time average transmit power and the scaling factor. In some cases, for example, when PAR2 When less than or equal to one (e.g., the maximum allowable average transmission power for the next time interval), P max_avg ) less than or equal to P限值 Wireless devices can avoid using scaling factors, or they can apply a scaling factor equal to one. (See reference) FIG. 7 The wireless device may use a scaled version of the maximum allowed time average transmit power 702 as the maximum allowed time average transmit power for the first time interval 704.

[0086] At box 614, the wireless device may provide a scaled version of the maximum allowed time average transmit power 702 to the transceiver circuitry (e.g., any radio component in radio component 450). For example, the TxAGC module may obtain the scaled version of the maximum allowed time average transmit power 702 as digital RF information (e.g., a specific gain index associated with the output power of transmit path 214), and the TxAGC module may control the gain applied to the circuitry in the transmit path (e.g., adjusting the gain at the BBF, mixer, PA, etc.) to output a signal (e.g., an analog RF signal) at the transmit power associated with the digital RF information. The TxAGC module may set the transmit power to a specific level, which may depend on any of various transmit power controls, such as (scaled) maximum allowed time average transmit power for RF exposure compliance, RF interference control (e.g., base station control in closed-loop power control communications), receiver saturation control, RF transmission control (e.g., P...). CMAXThis includes, for example, thermal control, etc. That is, as an illustrative and non-limiting example, the TxAGC module can set the transmit power to a specific level different from the (scaled) maximum permissible time-averaged transmit power obtained by the TxAGC module (e.g., at box 614) based on other criteria such as RF interference control, receiver saturation control, RF transmission control, thermal control, and variations in data required or permitted to be transmitted by the radio component. In an illustrative example, if the wireless device is a source of interference for one or more other devices (e.g., the wireless device can determine it is a source of interference based on indications received from the base station), the wireless device (via the TxAGC module) can set its transmit power to a level less than or equal to the (scaled) maximum permissible time-averaged transmit power level obtained by the TxAGC module to mitigate interference to other devices. In such examples, the transmit power level set by the TxAGC can be based on power control messages received from the base station. In another illustrative example, if the ambient temperature of the wireless device is above a threshold (or within a threshold range), the wireless device (via the TxAGC module) may set its transmit power to a level less than or equal to the (scaled) maximum permissible time-averaged transmit power level obtained by the TxAGC module to avoid damage to the wireless device's radio components and / or other components. In such examples, the transmit power level set by the TxAGC may be based on thermal control configured for the wireless device. This power level set by the TxAGC and / or the power used within a time interval can be reported back to a central algorithm (e.g., at 602) from the corresponding radio component including the TxAGC, such as that which may operate on the RF exposure manager 106.

[0087] In some respects, wireless devices can repeat operations 600 times based on periodic intervals (e.g., 500 milliseconds), for example, as described in this article relative to... FIG. 3 As described herein, a wireless device may receive a transmit power report for a previous transmit interval and determine the maximum permissible time-averaged transmit power for a future time interval (e.g., time interval 306). As the time-averaged RF exposure assessment continues to move with a rolling time window (e.g., time window 302), the wireless device may receive a transmit power report associated with the last time interval 306 and determine the maximum permissible time-averaged transmit power for the next future time interval (e.g., time interval 308), as described herein.

[0088] In multi-transmission scenarios (e.g., multiple transmissions via multiple radio components within the same time interval, such as time intervals 306, 704), RF exposure assessment can combine the transmission power reports of multiple transmissions (e.g., via radio components) (e.g., as a sum) and determine the maximum permissible time-averaged transmission power for each active radio component in the next transmission time interval (e.g., time intervals 306, 308, 704) (i.e., by allocating a normalized permissible exposure margin among the radio components and multiplying it by the P of each active radio component). 限值 For multi-transmission scenarios, each transmission in the time interval associated with the time-averaged RF exposure limit can be associated with a specific radio component among multiple radio components. For example, the PAR associated with multiple radio components can be summed to determine the total PAR according to the following expression: (8) in PAR i Is with N The first of the active radio components i Associated with radio components PAR And by P max_i / P 限值_i Therefore, active radio components may include radio components that transmit in a time interval (for analysis of past transmissions) or are expected to transmit in a future time interval (for analysis of future transmissions), either via a schedule or a transmission buffer or queue with information for transmission.

[0089] In some respects, the time-averaged RF exposure assessment described in this paper can be applied The values ​​of PAR have already been described therein. For example, at box 604, the wireless device can determine the PAR value for each radio component (e.g., first radio component 450a and third radio component 450c). PAR i Its report normalizes the transmit power report, that is, it takes the average transmit power report over the second time interval 708 and divides it by P. 限值 (For example, normalized power report = time-averaged Tx power report / P) 限值 The wireless device can determine the total value of PAR, for example, according to expression (8). PAR1 总 At box 606, the wireless device can be based on the corresponding PAR1 总The scaling factor is used to adjust the normalized transmit power report associated with the radio component. For example, the wireless device can adjust the combined normalized transmit power report for the radio component (e.g., the sum of the normalized transmit power reports), or adjust each transmit power report individually for the radio component. At box 608, the wireless device can perform a time averaging operation based on a scaled version of the normalized power report as described herein to determine the exposure margin for the next time interval. At box 610, the wireless device can allocate an exposure margin (which may vary) among the radio components (e.g., first radio component 450a and second radio component 450b) expected to transmit in the next time interval, and determine the maximum permissible time-averaged transmit power (P) for each radio component (expected to transmit). max_avg_i The wireless device can, for example, determine the maximum permissible time-averaged transmit power (e.g., PAR2) for each radio component (intended to transmit) according to expression (7). i =P max_avg_i / P 限值_i ) associated PAR and total PAR ( PAR2 总 At box 612, the wireless device can be based on the corresponding PAR2 t总 The scaling factor is used to adjust the maximum permissible time-averaged transmit power (P) of each radio component in the radio component (intended transmit). max_avg_i ), to determine the scaled maximum allowable time-averaged transmission power for future time intervals.

[0090] Because wireless devices may be able to transmit signals with a varying range of transmit power (e.g., ±5%), wireless devices can be configured with power relative to P. 限值 The reduction of the regulatory value of P 限值 This is to compensate for such changes in transmit power and ensure compliance with RF exposure limits. Variations in transmit power may be due to changes in operating conditions, manufacturing conditions, etc. As an example, a reduction in P... 限值 It can be represented as: (9) in P can represent the regulatory value corresponding to RF exposure limits. 限值 ,and X This can represent an adjustment factor (in decibels) used to reduce the regulatory value. This specific reduction in P... 限值 This can represent P corresponding to the RF exposure design objective. 限值 .

[0091] In some cases, P 限值This can be further reduced, for example, to provide multi-regional / country RF exposure compliance for marketing or design decisions. In such cases, the reduced P 限值 It can be represented as follows: (10) in Y This can represent an additional adjustment factor (in decibels) used to reduce the regulatory value. As an example, X This can represent a first adjustment factor used to compensate for device uncertainties relative to variations in the transmit power that the device is capable of outputting, and Y This can represent regulatory P used to further reduce, for example, compliance with regulations in multiple regions / countries, marketing, or design decisions. 限值 The second adjustment factor.

[0092] For example, suppose P 限值_减小的 Corresponding to 0.8 W / kg, and X Equal to 1 dB (in linear units of 1.26), such that P 限值_减小的 Plus X This corresponds to 1 W / kg. In some cases, regions implementing total energy regulations (e.g., countries in the EU) may have higher P values ​​equal to 2 W / kg. 限值 (e.g., ICNIRP's RF exposure limitations), and therefore, relative to P 限值_减小的 It effectively possesses a high total energy specification. In other words, P 限值_减小的 It can be done Y Further reductions are needed to meet multi-regional compliance requirements (e.g., FCC and ICNIRP). 限值 The regulatory value and P 限值 RF exposure design goals (e.g., P) 限值_减小的 + X The difference between () delta ) can be represented as: (11) Using the values ​​from this example, the difference can be expressed as: (12) And measured in decibels: (13)

[0093] In some respects, it can be seen from P 限值_减小的 This effectively removes the difference between regulatory values ​​and design targets. The adjusted P... 限值This allows for compliance with total energy specifications, thereby facilitating increased transmit power for wireless communication. As an example, the PAR used for transmit power reporting (e.g., used at box 606) can be expressed as: (14) The maximum permissible transmit power (PAR) can be expressed as: (15) Such adjustments will reduce the difference in PAR ( delta ), and then increase the scaling factor (e.g., factor ( PAR This reduces the impact of total energy specifications in time-averaged RF exposure assessments. For example, PAR in Tables 500A and 500B can be replaced by regulatory values ​​representing total energy specifications, such as PARmax. reg = min(PAR / Δ, 1). PAR reg The value can lead to a higher factor as PAR decreases (i.e., factor ( PAR reg A higher factor has advantages because it corresponds to a longer duration of high-power transmission. FIG. 8A It describes a backoff independent of the time-averaged RF exposure limit (e.g., Δ Example Table 800A shows the scaling information for P, where the PAR_icnirp value corresponds to the Δ removed as described herein. Table 800A indicates that by adjusting P 限值 This adjustment allows for a longer transmission duration (t_icnirp).

[0094] In some respects, since the scaling factor can be a function of power, wireless devices can approximate the value of the scaling factor to improve the computational performance of scaling factor calculation. Such approximation allows wireless devices to reduce the computation time and / or resources required to determine the value of the scaling factor for a specific PAR. As an example, in the case of head / torso SAR or PD, the scaling factor and its corresponding approximation ( This can be called the effective scaling factor, and can be expressed as: (16)

[0095] In the case of limb SAR, the scaling factor and the corresponding approximation ( This can be represented as: (17)

[0096] In some respects, the effective scaling factor can be designed to cover multiple exposure scenarios. For example, the following expression for the effective scaling factor can cover limb SAR exposure, head exposure, and torso exposure: (18)

[0097] refer to FIG. 6 At box 606, the wireless device can use an effective scaling factor to adjust the power report, for example... new.pwr.report = power.report / factor(PAR1) = PAR1 Plimit / factor(PAR1) = PAR1 Plimit [max(PAR1,1)]^(0.5) = [max(PAR1, 1)]^(1.5) Plimit. If pwr.report≤Plimit (e.g., PAR≤1), then (in dB): new.pwr.report_dBm = pwr.report_dBm; Otherwise (e.g., PAR>1), new.pwr.report_dBm=1.5 (pwr.report_dBm–Plimit_dBm) + Plimit_dBm. In some respects, the scaled power report could be new.pwr.report_dBm = max{(pwr.report_dBm – Plimit_dBm); 1.5 (pwr.report_dBm – Plimit_dBm)} + Plimit_dBm.

[0098] At box 612, the wireless device can use an effective scaling factor to adjust the maximum allowed time-averaged transmit power, for example... allowed.Pmax.avg = calc.Pmax factor(PAR) = PAR2 Plimit factor(PAR) = PAR2 Plimit / [max(PAR2,1)]^(0.5) = [max(PAR2, 1)]^(0.5) Plimit. If calc.Pmax≤Plimit (e.g., PAR≤1), then (in dB): allowed.Pmax.avg_dBm = calc.Pmax_dBm; Otherwise (e.g., PAR>1), then allowed.Pmax.avg_dBm = 0.5 (calc.Pmax_dBm – Plimit_dBm) + Plimit_dBm. In some respects, the scaled maximum allowable average transmit power over time can be allowed.Pmax.avg_dBm = min{(calc.Pmax_dBm – Plimit_dBm); 0.5 (calc.Pmax_dBm – Plimit_dBm)} + Plimit_dBm;

[0099] In some respects, effective PAR can be applied to wireless devices that use maximum allowed time-averaged transmit power without time-averaging evaluation. In some cases, wireless devices can adjust the maximum allowed time-averaged transmit power based on the duty cycle. For example, a wireless device can simply use a power level less than or equal to P... 限值 (Or, for example, by adjusting the duty cycle) transmitting signals, such as using various Ps with corresponding characteristics to various RF exposure scenarios and / or transmission scenarios (e.g., different frequency bands, antennas, antenna arrays, beams, RATs, etc.). 限值 A lookup table for values.

[0100] If the wireless device transmits continuously, for example, at a 100% duty cycle (e.g., uplink duty cycle (ULDC)), then P 限值 This can be the maximum permissible transmit power corresponding to RF exposure limits. In wireless devices employing lookup tables, peak power limits can be configured in memory settings based on ULDC. For example, in a GSM 2 UL timeslot configuration with ULDC=2 / 8, peak power limit = P 限值 / ULDC = 4 P 限值 = P 限值 (dBm) + 6 dB. Similarly, in the case of GSM, peak power limits can be configured in memory accordingly for different UL time slot scenarios.

[0101] To meet total energy specifications, previous PAR scaling tables (e.g., Table 500A) can be adapted by setting ULDC=1 / PAR and changing the peak power limit in the memory settings from "P" to "P". 限值 / ULDC = PAR P 限值 "Reduced to "newPAR" P 限值 ",like FIG. 8B Example Table 800B illustrates scaling information associated with the maximum permissible transmit power level independent of time average. In the case of variable ULDC (e.g., NR), the upper limit of the ULDC (transmitted by the base station in certain control configurations (e.g., radio resource control configurations)) can be used to set the peak power limit in the RF accordingly. It should be noted that when transmitting at low power (e.g., below P...),... 限值 When sending in real time, the reduction function can be omitted.

[0102] Despite FIG. 5A , FIG. 5B , FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B Tables are illustrated, but such a structure is not required. Information in these graphs can be generated, stored, and / or accessed in any number of different ways. In some examples, [the graphs]... FIG. 5A , FIG. 5B , FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B The data structures corresponding to the tables are stored in memory 240 or one or more memories associated with processor 210.

[0103] FIG. 9 This is a flowchart illustrating an example operation 900 for wireless communication. Operation 900 may be performed, for example, by a wireless device (e.g., a first wireless device 102 in wireless communication system 100). Operation 900 may be implemented in one or more processors (e.g., FIG. 2 Software components that execute and run on the processor 210 and / or modem 212. For example, an RF exposure manager (e.g., RF exposure manager 106) implemented via the one or more processors may perform operation 900 or cause such operation to be performed. Furthermore, the signal transmission and / or reception performed by the wireless device in operation 900 may, for example, be via one or more antennas (e.g., FIG. 2 This can be achieved via antenna 218. In some respects, the transmission and / or reception of signals by the wireless device can be achieved by obtaining and / or outputting signals for reception or transmission via the bus interface of one or more processors (e.g., processor 210 and / or modem 212).

[0104] Operation 900 may optionally begin at block 902, wherein the wireless device may obtain scaling information indicating the relationship between a first radio frequency (RF) exposure limit (e.g., a total energy specification as provided in Table 1) and a second RF exposure limit (e.g., a time-averaged RF exposure limit as provided in Table 1). The first RF exposure limit may include total RF exposure (e.g., the total energy specification) for a transmission interval less than a specified duration (e.g., 6 minutes or a moving time window 302), and the second RF exposure limit may include a time-averaged RF exposure limit. In some respects, the first and second RF exposure limits may be applicable (e.g., for) the same area or implemented by the same regulatory body (e.g., the FCC or similar government bodies such as those in Germany, Canada, Italy, etc.) or standards body (e.g., ICNIRP). The first and second RF exposure limits may be associated with the same area. As an example, the memory may store the scaling information, and the wireless device may obtain (or access) the scaling information via the memory (such as memory 240).

[0105] At box 904, the wireless device may transmit a signal at least in part based on the transmission power determined by the maximum allowed time-averaged transmission power and scaling information for time intervals (e.g., time intervals 306, 308, 704 associated with time averaging). For example, the wireless device may transmit a signal to another wireless communication device (e.g., FIG. 1 The second wireless device (any of the second wireless devices 104 depicted) transmits a signal. This signal may indicate (or carry or represent) any information of various kinds, such as data and / or control information. In some cases, the signal may indicate (or carry or represent) one or more packets or data blocks.

[0106] In some respects, scaling information may include scaling factors, such as those described herein with respect to expressions (6), (7), and / or (18). For example, scaling information may include a first ratio (e.g., effective PAR or) associated with a first RF exposure limit. newPAR The factor is a factor corresponding to the second ratio (e.g., PAR) associated with the first ratio and the second RF exposure limit. This factor can be the ratio of the first ratio to the second ratio, for example, according to expression (6), etc. (for other exposure scenarios). The second ratio can be the peak transmit power (e.g., transmit power report or maximum allowed time average transmit power) to the maximum time average transmit power level (e.g., P). 限值 The quotient of ). In some respects, according to expression (5), the first ratio can depend on the second ratio, for example, as a function of the second ratio.

[0107] In some respects, wireless devices may use past transmit power (e.g., transmit power reports) and average transmit power over the maximum allowed time (e.g., P). max_avg The conversion of ) is determined by time-averaged RF exposure assessment, as described in this paper relative to factor As described. In some cases, wireless devices can scale the maximum time-averaged transmit power level (P) based on a scaling factor. 限值 The wireless device may adjust the normalized power report and maximum allowed time-averaged transmit power within a time window (e.g., time window 302) associated with the second RF exposure limit based on scaling information, such as as described herein with respect to boxes 606 and 612. The wireless device may determine the transmit power based at least in part on the adjusted normalized power report and adjusted maximum allowed time-averaged transmit power. To adjust the normalized power report and maximum allowed time-averaged transmit power, the wireless device may adjust the transmit power according to a first factor of the scaling information (e.g., ...). PAR1 ( PAR1 The normalized power report is scaled using a first factor, which may correspond to a first ratio (e.g., the transmission power associated with the transmission power report) to the maximum time-averaged transmission power level. factor Wireless devices can scale information through a second factor (e.g., PAR2 ( PAR2 The maximum allowed time average transmit power is scaled using a second factor, which may correspond to a second transmit power (e.g., P). max_avg ) and maximum time-averaged transmit power level (P 限值 The second ratio (e.g.) FIG. 6 ).

[0108] In some respects, wireless devices can use a time-averaged RF exposure assessment to determine transmit power, which takes into account transmissions via multiple radio components, such as those described herein. FIG. 3 And the total PAR described. For example, at least one of the first ratio or the second ratio (relative to scaling operation) may be based on the sum of the transmission power associated with multiple transmissions.

[0109] In some respects, a wireless device may transmit a signal for a specific duration that conforms to a total energy specification (e.g., a first RF exposure limit). To transmit a signal, the wireless device may transmit the signal at a transmission power for a duration conforming to the first RF exposure limit (e.g., less than 6 minutes). In some cases, the duration may correspond to the peak transmission power (e.g., P). max_tx The peak transmit power is the highest ratio of the maximum time-averaged transmit power level supported by the wireless device. Peak transmit power can correspond to, as described in this paper, relative to... FIG. 8AThe maximum instantaneous transmission power described (P) max_tx ).

[0110] In some cases, scaling information can be considered for application to P. 限值 Any backoff or adjustment factors, such as those in this paper relative to... FIG. 8B As described. For example, scaling information may be based on the regulatory value of the second RF exposure limit, independent of the fallback applied to the second RF exposure limit.

[0111] In some respects, scaling information may include a function of a scaling factor that favors approximations of multiple exposure scenarios (e.g., SAR, PD, head, torso, and / or limbs) and / or representing a first RF exposure limit, to improve the computational performance of time-averaged RF exposure assessments, for example, as described herein with respect to an effective scaling factor. The scaling information may be based at least in part on an approximation of a first RF exposure limit that is less than a regulatory function of the first RF exposure limit.

[0112] In some respects, wireless devices can determine their transmit power based on the maximum permissible time-averaged transmit power, independent of time-averaged RF exposure assessments, for example, as described in this paper relative to... newPAR As described. The transmit power may be less than or equal to a factor associated with the first RF exposure limit (e.g., effective PAR or...). Example Communication Device Scaling the maximum allowed time average transmit power.

[0113] The aspects of this disclosure can be applied to any wireless communication device (wireless device) of various wireless communication devices that can emit RF signals that result in exposure to human tissue, such as base stations and / or CPEs, to perform the RF exposure compliance described herein. FIG. 10

[0114] FIG. 1 Various aspects of the example communication device 1000 are described. In some aspects, the communication device 1000 is a wireless communication device, as described above relative to... FIG. 2 and FIG. 2 The first wireless device 102 is described.

[0115] Communication device 1000 includes a processing system 1002 coupled to a transceiver 1008 (e.g., a transmitter and / or receiver). Transceiver 1008 is configured to transmit and receive signals for communication device 1000 via antenna 1010, such as the various signals described herein. Processing system 1002 may be configured to perform processing functions of communication device 1000, including processing signals received by communication device 1000 and / or to be transmitted by the communication device.

[0116] Processing system 1002 includes one or more processors 1020. In various aspects, the one or more processors 1020 may be represented as relative to... FIG. 9 Either the described processor 210 and / or modem 212. One or more processors 1020 are coupled to computer-readable medium / memory 1030 via bus 1006. In some aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1030 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that, when executed by one or more processors 1020, cause one or more processors 1020 to perform relative to FIG. 9 The described operation 900 or any aspect relating to the operation described herein. It should be noted that references to processors performing the functions of communication device 1000 may include one or more processors performing that function of communication device 1000.

[0117] In the depicted example, computer-readable medium / memory 1030 stores code (e.g., executable instructions) 1031 for acquisition, code 1032 for transmission, code 1033 for adjustment, code 1034 for determination, code 1035 for scaling, or any combination thereof. Processing of codes 1031-1035 causes the communication device 1000 to perform actions relative to... FIG. 9 The operation described herein is 900 or any aspect relating to the operation described herein.

[0118] One or more processors 1020 include circuitry configured to implement (e.g., execute) code stored in computer-readable medium / memory 1030, including circuitry 1021 for acquisition, circuitry 1022 for transmission, circuitry 1023 for adjustment, circuitry 1024 for determination, circuitry 1025 for scaling, or any combination thereof. Processing performed using circuitry 1021-1025 enables the communication device 1000 to perform operations relative to… FIG. 9 The operation described herein is 900 or any aspect relating to the operation described herein.

[0119] The various components of the communication device 1000 can provide for performing relative to FIG. 2 The components described in operation 900 or any aspect relating to the operation described herein. For example, components for sending, transmitting, or outputting for transmission may include... FIG. 10 The illustrated first wireless device 102 includes TX path 214 and / or antenna 218 and / or FIG. 2 The communication device 1000 includes a transceiver 1008 and an antenna 1010. Components for receiving or acquiring data may include... FIG. 10 The RX path 216 and / or antenna 218 of the first wireless device illustrated herein, and / or FIG. 2The communication device 1000 includes a transceiver 1008 and an antenna 1010. Components for obtaining, adjusting, determining, and / or scaling may include a processor, such as... FIG. 10 The processor 210 and / or modem 212 depicted herein, and / or Example Aspects The processor in it is 1020. Additional Notes

[0120] Specific implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:

[0121] Clause 1: A method for wireless communication by a wireless device, the method comprising: obtaining scaling information indicating a relationship between a first radio frequency (RF) exposure limit and a second RF exposure limit; and transmitting a signal at a transmission power determined at least in part based on the maximum permissible time-averaged transmission power of a time interval and the scaling information.

[0122] Clause 2: The method according to Clause 1, wherein the first RF exposure limit includes total RF exposure for a transmission interval less than a specified duration, and wherein the second RF exposure limit includes a time-averaged RF exposure limit.

[0123] Clause 3: The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 2, wherein the scaling information includes a factor corresponding to a first ratio associated with the first RF exposure limit and a second ratio associated with the second RF exposure limit.

[0124] Clause 4: The method described in Clause 3, wherein the factor is the ratio of the first ratio to the second ratio.

[0125] Clause 5: The method described in Clause 3, wherein the second ratio is the quotient of peak transmit power and maximum time-averaged transmit power level.

[0126] Clause 6: The method described in Clause 3, wherein the first ratio depends on the second ratio.

[0127] Clause 7: The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 6 further comprises: adjusting the normalized power report and the maximum allowed time average transmit power in a time window associated with the second RF exposure limit based on the scaling information; and determining the transmit power based at least in part on the adjusted normalized power report and the adjusted maximum allowed time average transmit power.

[0128] Clause 8: The method according to Clause 7, wherein adjusting the normalized power report and the maximum allowed time-averaged transmission power comprises: scaling the normalized power report by a first factor of the scaling information, the first factor corresponding to a first ratio of a first transmission power to a maximum allowed time-averaged transmission power level; and scaling the maximum allowed time-averaged transmission power by a second factor of the scaling information, the second factor corresponding to a second ratio of a second transmission power to a maximum allowed time-averaged transmission power level.

[0129] Clause 9: The method according to Clause 8, wherein at least one of the first ratio or the second ratio is based on the sum of transmission power associated with a plurality of transmissions.

[0130] Clause 10: The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 9, wherein transmitting the signal comprises transmitting the signal at the transmission power for a duration that complies with the first RF exposure limit.

[0131] Clause 11: The method according to Clause 10, wherein the duration corresponds to the highest ratio of peak transmit power to the maximum time-averaged transmit power level supported by the wireless device.

[0132] Clause 12: The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 11, wherein the scaling information is based on the regulatory value of the second RF exposure limit independent of the fallback applied to the second RF exposure limit.

[0133] Clause 13: The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 12, wherein the scaling information is based at least in part on an approximation function of the first RF exposure limit, the approximation function being less than a regulatory function of the first RF exposure limit.

[0134] Clause 14: A method for wireless communication by a wireless device, the method comprising: obtaining scaling information indicating a relationship between a first radio frequency (RF) exposure limit and a second RF exposure limit; and transmitting a signal at a transmission power determined at least in part based on a maximum allowed time-averaged transmission power and the scaling information, wherein the transmission power is less than or equal to the maximum allowed time-averaged transmission power scaled according to a factor associated with the first RF exposure limit.

[0135] Clause 15: The method according to Clause 14, wherein the scaling information includes the factor associated with the first RF exposure limit.

[0136] Clause 16: The method according to any one of Clauses 14 to 15, wherein the factor corresponds to a ratio associated with the first RF exposure limit.

[0137] Clause 17: The method according to any one of Clauses 14 to 16, wherein the determination of the transmit power is independent of the time-averaged RF exposure assessment of one or more transmit powers of the wireless device.

[0138] Clause 18: An apparatus comprising: one or more memories that collectively store computer-executable instructions; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being collectively configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to cause the apparatus to perform a method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 17.

[0139] Clause 19: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: components for performing the method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 17.

[0140] Clause 20: A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed jointly by one or more processors of a processing system, cause the processing system to perform the method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 17.

[0141] Clause 21: A computer program product embodied on a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium including code for performing the method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 17. ​

[0142] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The examples discussed herein do not limit the scope, applicability, or aspects set forth in the claims. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. For example, the function and arrangement of the elements discussed may be changed without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Various processes or components may be omitted, substituted, or added as appropriate in various examples. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various actions may be added, omitted, or combined. Furthermore, features described with respect to some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement an apparatus or practice. Moreover, the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover such apparatuses or methods practiced using other structures, functionalities, or structures and functionalities that complement or replace the various aspects of this disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of this disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of these claims.

[0143] The various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in this disclosure can be implemented or executed using microcontrollers, microprocessors, general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), neural network processors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices (PLDs), discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. While a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, in alternatives, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors working in conjunction with a DSP core, a system-on-a-chip (SoC), or any other such configuration.

[0144] As used in this article, the phrase “at least one of” in a list of entries refers to any combination of those entries, including a single member. As an example, “at least one of A, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, and abc, as well as any combination with multiple identical elements (e.g., aa, aaa, aab, aac, abb, acc, bb, bbb, bbc, cc, and ccc, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0145] As used herein, the term "determine" encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, "determine" can include calculation, computation, processing, derivation, research, searching (e.g., looking in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertainment, and similar actions. Additionally, "determine" can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc. Furthermore, "determine" can include parsing, selecting, identifying, mapping, applying, picking, building, etc.

[0146] The methods disclosed herein include one or more actions for implementing the methods. These actions may be interchanged without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of actions is specified, the order and / or use of a particular action may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims. Furthermore, the various operations of the methods described above may be performed by any suitable component capable of performing the corresponding function. This component may include various hardware and / or software components and / or modules, including but not limited to circuits, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or processors.

[0147] The following claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but should be given the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Within the claims, unless specifically stated otherwise, reference to the singular form of an element is not intended to mean “one and only one,” but rather “one or more.” Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. No element of any claim shall be interpreted in accordance with 35 USC § 112(f) unless that element is explicitly stated using the phrase “for a component of.” All structural and functional equivalents of the elements throughout the various aspects described in this disclosure that are known to a person of ordinary skill in the art or will later be known are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be covered by the claims. Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be offered to the public, whether or not such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication by a wireless device, the method comprising: Obtain scaling information indicating the relationship between the first radio frequency (RF) exposure limit and the second RF exposure limit; as well as The signal is transmitted at a transmission power determined at least in part based on the maximum permissible time-averaged transmission power of the time interval and the scaling information.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first RF exposure limit includes total RF exposure for a transmission interval less than a specified duration, and wherein the second RF exposure limit includes a time-averaged RF exposure limit.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the scaling information includes factors corresponding to a first ratio associated with the first RF exposure limit and a second ratio associated with the second RF exposure limit.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the factor is the ratio of the first ratio to the second ratio.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the second ratio is the quotient of peak transmission power and maximum time-averaged transmission power level.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the first ratio depends on the second ratio.

7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The normalized power report and the average transmit power for the maximum allowed time are adjusted based on the scaling information within the time window associated with the second RF exposure limit. as well as The transmission power is determined at least in part based on the adjusted normalized power report and the adjusted maximum allowed time average transmission power.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein adjusting the normalized power report and the maximum allowed time average transmit power comprises: The normalized power report is scaled by a first factor of the scaling information, the first factor corresponding to a first ratio of a first transmit power to a maximum time-averaged transmit power level. as well as The maximum allowed time-averaged transmission power is scaled by a second factor of the scaling information, the second factor corresponding to a second ratio of the second transmission power to the maximum time-averaged transmission power level.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein at least one of the first ratio or the second ratio is based on the sum of transmission power associated with a plurality of transmissions.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the signal comprises transmitting the signal at the transmission power for a duration that complies with the first RF exposure limit.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the duration corresponds to the highest ratio of peak transmit power to the maximum time-averaged transmit power level supported by the wireless device.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the scaling information is based on a regulatory value of the second RF exposure limit independent of the fallback applied to the second RF exposure limit.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the scaling information is at least partially based on an approximation function of the first RF exposure limit, the approximation function being smaller than a regulatory function of the first RF exposure limit.

14. A method for wireless communication by a wireless device, the method comprising: Obtain scaling information indicating the relationship between the first radio frequency (RF) exposure limit and the second RF exposure limit; as well as The signal is transmitted at a transmission power determined at least in part based on the maximum allowed time average transmission power and the scaling information, wherein the transmission power is less than or equal to the maximum allowed time average transmission power scaled according to a factor associated with the first RF exposure limit.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the scaling information includes the factor associated with the first RF exposure limit.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the factor corresponds to a ratio associated with the first RF exposure limit.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein the determination of the transmit power is independent of a time-averaged RF exposure assessment of one or more transmit powers of the wireless device.

18. An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: One or more memories, which together store computer-executable instructions; as well as One or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, are collectively configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to cause the device to perform operations, including: Obtain scaling information indicating the relationship between the first radio frequency (RF) exposure limit and the second RF exposure limit, and The control transmits signals at a transmission power determined at least in part based on the maximum permissible time-averaged transmission power of the time interval and the scaling information.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the first RF exposure limit includes total RF exposure for a transmission interval less than a specified duration, and wherein the second RF exposure limit includes a time-averaged RF exposure limit.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the scaling information includes factors corresponding to a first ratio associated with the first RF exposure limit and a second ratio associated with the second RF exposure limit.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the factor is the ratio of the first ratio to the second ratio.

22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the second ratio is the quotient of peak transmission power and maximum time-averaged transmission power level.

23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the first ratio depends on the second ratio.

24. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the operation further comprises: The normalized power report and the average transmit power for the maximum allowed time are adjusted based on the scaling information within the time window associated with the second RF exposure limit. as well as The transmission power is determined at least in part based on the adjusted normalized power report and the adjusted maximum allowed time average transmission power.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein adjusting the normalized power report and the maximum permissible time average transmit power comprises: The normalized power report is scaled by a first factor of the scaling information, the first factor corresponding to a first ratio of a first transmit power to a maximum time-averaged transmit power level. as well as The maximum allowed time-averaged transmission power is scaled by a second factor of the scaling information, the second factor corresponding to a second ratio of the second transmission power to the maximum time-averaged transmission power level.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein at least one of the first ratio or the second ratio is based on the sum of transmission power associated with a plurality of transmissions.

27. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein transmitting the signal comprises transmitting the signal at the transmission power for a duration that complies with the first RF exposure limit.

28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the duration corresponds to the highest ratio of peak transmission power to the maximum time-averaged transmission power level supported by the apparatus.

29. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the scaling information is based on a regulatory value of the second RF exposure limit independent of the fallback applied to the second RF exposure limit.

30. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the scaling information is at least partially based on an approximation function of the first RF exposure limit, the approximation function being less than a regulatory function of the first RF exposure limit.

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