A method and apparatus for characterizing gravity settling of water treatment
By performing continuous periodic scanning of the gravity settling process in water treatment at all heights to obtain transmitted light intensity data and identify target state areas, the problem of inaccurate settling process analysis in existing technologies is solved, and efficient and accurate settling evaluation is achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HEFEI MUNICIPAL DESIGN INST
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing gravity sedimentation research methods cannot accurately reflect changes in the sedimentation process of medium- and high-concentration suspensions in a short period of time, and are either costly or complex to operate, making them unsuitable for large-scale applications.
By controlling the light source to move at a preset step size, the sedimentation process within the sample column is continuously and periodically scanned at full height to obtain transmitted light intensity data, identify the target state region, and analyze the sedimentation evaluation results, including the state evolution rate and compression rate, through the transmitted light intensity change curve.
It enables non-invasive analysis of the gravity settling process in water treatment, reduces data instability and the subjectivity of human judgment, provides quantitative analysis of the settling process, and improves data accuracy and analyzability.
Smart Images
Figure CN121877671B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water treatment technology, specifically relating to a method and apparatus for characterizing gravity sedimentation in water treatment. Background Technology
[0002] Gravity sedimentation is a common solid-liquid separation technology and unit operation in water treatment. Whether for drinking water, domestic sewage, or industrial wastewater treatment, gravity sedimentation is a key means to achieve efficient solid-liquid separation. For example, it is crucial for solid-liquid separation after coagulation treatment in water plants and for sedimentation after activated sludge treatment, directly impacting water treatment effectiveness and efficiency. Furthermore, when designing and commissioning sedimentation structures (such as primary sedimentation tanks, secondary sedimentation tanks, and grit chambers), the gravity sedimentation performance of particles must be considered. Extensive sedimentation experiments and evaluations are necessary to determine design parameters, such as settling velocity and settling index. Therefore, analyzing and studying the gravity sedimentation process in water treatment has practical scientific basis and value, and in-depth research on the gravity sedimentation performance of particles is essential for optimizing water treatment processes.
[0003] Currently, research methods for gravity sedimentation are mainly divided into two categories: one is microscopic research methods, such as fractal dimension analysis, electron microscopy, and laser particle size analyzers, which infer overall sedimentation performance by studying the characteristics of individual particles or aggregates. These methods are limited by the concentration of the suspension system and are mostly applicable to the study of medium- and low-concentration suspensions. They cannot provide a comprehensive and accurate analysis of the overall changes and motion states of particles. Furthermore, the difficulty in operating the instruments and their high cost limit their large-scale application. The other category is macroscopic research methods, such as turbidimetry, sedimentation column methods, and spectrophotometry, which directly describe the overall sedimentation performance of the system. Compared to microscopic research methods, these methods have a wider range of applications and are less expensive, making them widely used in practical engineering. However, they still have many limitations. For example, the most widely used sedimentation column method is difficult to obtain significant solid-liquid interface change data in a short time when studying relatively stable sedimentation systems; the turbidimetric method is limited by the selection of reading points when evaluating water transparency and cannot accurately reflect the overall clarity of the transparent area; spectrophotometry requires a high particle concentration in the sedimentation system, and the error is large when the concentration is high, making it difficult to reflect the changes in the sedimentation process of medium- and high-concentration suspensions. Based on the various limitations of traditional gravity sedimentation research methods, there is an urgent need to develop an efficient gravity sedimentation characterization method that is applicable to a wide range of systems and can simultaneously analyze the changes in the particle itself and its motion state in both the transparent and sedimentation areas. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application provides a method and apparatus for characterizing gravity sedimentation in water treatment.
[0005] According to one aspect of this application, a method for characterizing gravity settling in water treatment is disclosed, the method comprising:
[0006] The light source is controlled to move at a preset step size to perform a preset number of continuous periodic scans of the sedimentation process of the target sample in the sample column, thereby obtaining scan data for each scan cycle. The scan data includes the transmitted light intensity of the target sample at each step size point in each scan cycle.
[0007] Based on the scan data, the target state region of the target sample is determined;
[0008] The required number of scan cycles to form the target state region, the target height corresponding to the target state region, and the target transmitted light intensity of each of the multiple target step points corresponding to the target height in each scan cycle are obtained. The target height is defined based on the target start step point and the target end step point, and the required number of scan cycles is extracted from the preset number of cycles.
[0009] Based on the target transmitted light intensity and the required number of scan cycles at each of the multiple target step points corresponding to the target height in each scan cycle, the settlement evaluation result of the target state region is determined, wherein the settlement evaluation result includes the state evolution rate and the compression rate.
[0010] In some embodiments, the control light source moves in a preset step size to perform a preset number of continuous periodic scans of the sedimentation process of the target sample within the sample column, obtaining scan data for each scan cycle including:
[0011] The light source is controlled to move in a preset step size from bottom to top to perform a preset number of continuous periodic scans of the sedimentation process of the target sample in the sample column, thereby obtaining the scan data for each scan cycle.
[0012] In some embodiments, determining the target state region of the target sample based on the scan data includes:
[0013] Based on the scan data, the transmitted light intensity at each step point of the full height in each scan cycle is determined, so as to obtain multiple transmitted light intensities corresponding to multiple step points of the full height.
[0014] Based on multiple step points and multiple transmitted light intensities across the entire height, a time variation curve of transmitted light intensity as the step point position changes is constructed, wherein the time variation is characterized by a continuous preset period.
[0015] Obtain the region boundary threshold;
[0016] Based on the region boundary threshold, the target state region of the target sample is identified from the time variation curve of the transmitted light intensity. The target state region is determined based on the target state start step position and the target state end step position.
[0017] In some embodiments, determining the target state region of the target sample based on the scan data includes:
[0018] Based on the scan data, the change value of transmitted light intensity relative to the initial scan period under the current scan period at each step point is determined, so as to obtain multiple changes in transmitted light intensity corresponding to multiple step points at the full height. The current scan period is any scan period other than the initial scan period in the preset number of cycles.
[0019] Based on multiple step points across the entire height and multiple transmitted light intensity variation values, a time variation curve of the transmitted light intensity variation value as the step point position changes is constructed, wherein the time variation is characterized by a continuous preset period.
[0020] Obtain the peak threshold;
[0021] Based on the peak threshold, the target state region of the target sample is identified from the time variation curve of the transmitted light intensity change value. The target state region is determined based on the target state start step position and the target state end step position.
[0022] In some embodiments, identifying the target state region of the target sample from the time-varying curve of the transmitted light intensity based on the region boundary threshold includes:
[0023] Identify the first starting step position and the first ending step position in the time variation curve of the transmitted light intensity that are less than the regional boundary threshold, and determine the region between the first starting step position and the first ending step position as the initial concentrated sludge region.
[0024] Identify the second starting step position and the second ending step position in the time variation curve of the transmitted light intensity that are greater than the regional boundary threshold, and determine the region between the second starting step position and the second ending step position as the initial supernatant region.
[0025] Determine the steady fluctuation curve of the initial supernatant region, and define the region corresponding to the steady fluctuation curve as the target supernatant region;
[0026] When the initial supernatant region is transitioned from the initial concentrated sludge region, the initial concentrated sludge region is determined as the target concentrated sludge region.
[0027] The region between the first termination step position of the target concentrated sludge region and the second starting step position of the target supernatant region is defined as the solid-liquid interface region, wherein the third starting step position of the solid-liquid interface region is the first termination step position, and the third termination step position of the solid-liquid interface region is the second starting step position.
[0028] In some embodiments, identifying the target state region of the target sample from the time-varying curve of the transmitted light intensity based on the peak threshold includes:
[0029] On the time-varying curve of the transmitted light intensity, identify the interval of continuous step points where the transmitted light intensity change is greater than the peak threshold.
[0030] The starting step position of the continuous step point interval is determined as the starting step position of the target state region;
[0031] The termination step position of the continuous step point interval is determined as the termination step position of the target state region.
[0032] The target state region is determined based on the starting step position and the ending step position of the target state region.
[0033] In some embodiments, when the target state region is a target supernatant region, determining the state evolution rate of the target state region based on the target transmitted light intensity at each of the multiple target step points corresponding to the target height in each scan cycle and the required number of scan cycles includes:
[0034] Determine the height of the supernatant occupied from the second starting step position to the second ending step position;
[0035] Based on the scanning data, the average transmitted light intensity of the supernatant at each step point in the supernatant occupancy height is determined in the target scanning cycle, wherein the target scanning cycle is any one of the required number of scanning cycles;
[0036] Based on the average transmitted light intensity of the supernatant determined by multiple step length points, the regional target average transmitted light intensity of the target supernatant region under the target scanning cycle is determined, wherein the regional target average transmitted light intensity is used to characterize the average transmitted light intensity of all step length points in the supernatant occupancy height under the target scanning cycle.
[0037] Obtain the average transmitted light intensity of the region corresponding to the previous scan cycle of the target scan cycle;
[0038] Based on the average transmitted light intensity of the target area, the average transmitted light intensity of the reference area, the target time point, and the reference time point, the clarification rate of the target supernatant area is determined, wherein the target time point is the characterization point of the target scanning cycle, and the reference time point is the characterization point of the previous scanning cycle of the target scanning cycle.
[0039] In some embodiments, when the target state region is a target concentrated sludge region, determining the compression rate of the target state region based on the target transmitted light intensity and the required number of scan cycles for each of the multiple target step points corresponding to the target height in each scan cycle includes:
[0040] Based on the transmitted light intensity corresponding to the target concentrated sludge area under each scanning cycle, the change value of transmitted light intensity of the target concentrated sludge area under each scanning cycle is determined.
[0041] Based on the change value of transmitted light intensity under each scanning cycle, the peak thickness of the solid-liquid interface of the target concentrated sludge area under each scanning cycle is determined, wherein the peak thickness of the solid-liquid interface is calculated based on the position of the peak feature point in the curve of change value of transmitted light intensity - height.
[0042] The compression rate of the target concentrated sludge region is determined based on the ratio of the difference in peak thickness of the solid-liquid interface between two adjacent scanning cycles to the scanning cycle duration.
[0043] In some embodiments, the method further includes:
[0044] Based on the target height corresponding to the target state region and the target transmitted light intensity of each of the multiple target step points corresponding to the target height in each scanning cycle, a distribution curve of transmitted light intensity with height is generated under different scanning cycles.
[0045] Identify the characteristic regions in the distribution curve where the intensity of transmitted light changes abruptly;
[0046] If no characteristic region of abrupt change in transmitted light intensity is formed in the distribution curve within the scanning period, the sedimentation type is determined to be free sedimentation.
[0047] If the characteristic region is formed in the distribution curve during the scanning cycle, and the height of the characteristic region increases over time, then the sedimentation type is determined to be flocculation sedimentation or stratification sedimentation.
[0048] If the characteristic region is formed in the distribution curve during the scanning period, and the height of the characteristic region decreases over time, then the settlement type is determined to be compression settlement.
[0049] According to another aspect of this application, a water treatment gravity sedimentation characterization device is also disclosed, the device comprising:
[0050] The motion control module is used to control the light source to move by a preset step size, so as to perform a preset number of cycles of continuous periodic scanning of the sedimentation process of the target sample in the sample column, and obtain the scanning data of each scanning cycle. The scanning data includes the transmitted light intensity of the target sample at each step size point.
[0051] The target state region determination module is used to determine the target state region of the target sample based on the scan data.
[0052] The scanning data acquisition module is used to acquire the required number of scanning cycles to form the target state region, the target height corresponding to the target state region, and the target transmitted light intensity of each of the multiple target step points corresponding to the target height in each scanning cycle. The target height is defined based on the target start step point and the target end step point, and the required number of scanning cycles is extracted from the preset number of cycles.
[0053] The settlement evaluation result determination module is used to determine the settlement evaluation result of the target state region based on the target transmitted light intensity and the required number of scan cycles for each of the multiple target step points corresponding to the target height in each scan cycle. The settlement evaluation result includes the state evolution rate and the compression rate.
[0054] According to another aspect of this application, an electronic device is also disclosed, the electronic device including a memory and at least one processor, the memory storing instructions; the at least one processor invokes the instructions in the memory to cause the electronic device to perform the various steps of the water treatment gravity sedimentation characterization method as described above.
[0055] According to another aspect of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is also disclosed, on which instructions are stored, which, when executed by a processor, implement the various steps of the water treatment gravity sedimentation characterization method as described above.
[0056] The present invention includes, but is not limited to, the following beneficial effects: (1) This solution can scan the interior of a water treatment gravity sedimentation sample by moving a light source, reducing the impact on the sample, realizing non-invasive analysis of the sample, reducing the instability and inaccuracy of data generated by visual observation or image capture, and improving the analyzability of the data; (2) In this solution, the adjustable scanning cycle, scanning height, scanning step length, etc., can realize the characterization of various water treatment gravity sedimentation processes, and quantitatively describe the gravity sedimentation process of different water bodies through different characterization data, reducing the subjectivity of human judgment, and providing clear guidance for targeted treatment of different water bodies; (3) In this solution, the average transmitted light intensity and transmitted light intensity are used to scan the interior of the water treatment gravity sedimentation sample, reducing the impact on the sample, realizing non-invasive analysis of the sample, reducing the instability and inaccuracy of data generated by visual observation or image capture, and improving the analyzability of the data; (4) In this solution, the average transmitted light intensity and transmitted light intensity are used to scan the interior of the water treatment gravity sedimentation sample, reducing the impact on the sample, realizing non-invasive analysis of the sample, reducing the instability and inaccuracy of data generated by visual observation or image capture, and improving the analyzability of the data; (5) In this solution, the average transmitted light intensity and transmitted light intensity are used to scan the interior of the water treatment gravity sedimentation sample, reducing the impact on the sample, reducing the impact on the sample, and improving the analyzability of the data; (6) In this solution, the average transmitted light intensity and transmitted light intensity are used to scan the interior of the water treatment gravity sedimentation sample, reducing the impact on the sample, reducing the impact on the sample, and improving the analyzability of the data; (7) In this solution, the average transmitted light intensity and transmitted light intensity are used to scan the interior of the water treatment gravity sedimentation sample, reducing the impact on the sample, reducing the impact on the sample, and improving the analyzability of the data; (8) In this solution, the average transmitted light intensity and transmitted light intensity are used to scan The strength difference data curve fitting and calculation, quantitative analysis of key water treatment information such as changes in supernatant, formation and changes of solid-liquid interface, and compression of sediment layer during gravity sedimentation of different water bodies, reduces the random errors caused by manual data collection and calculation, improves the accuracy of data processing, and provides data support for qualitative and quantitative analysis of gravity sedimentation process of water treatment; (4) By calculating the deviation coefficient through average transmitted light intensity data, it is possible to qualitatively judge the change in particle size in a certain height area during gravity sedimentation of water bodies, make up for the lack of observation of particle size by the naked eye, reduce the inconvenience of analysis complexity and expensive instruments caused by image shooting, and provide data support for judging the sedimentation effect of water bodies or sedimentation early warning. Attached Figure Description
[0057] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below.
[0058] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the water treatment gravity sedimentation characterization method according to an embodiment of this application;
[0059] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the determination of a target state region according to an embodiment of this application;
[0060] Figure 3 This is yet another flowchart illustrating the determination of the target state region in an embodiment of this application;
[0061] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a specific identification of the target state region in an embodiment of this application;
[0062] Figure 5 This is yet another flowchart illustrating the specific identification of the target state region in this application embodiment;
[0063] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the state evolution rate of the target supernatant region in an embodiment of this application.
[0064] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the compression rate of the target concentrated sludge region in an embodiment of this application.
[0065] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating the settlement type determination process according to an embodiment of this application;
[0066] Figure 9 This is a time-varying curve of the transmitted light intensity according to an embodiment of this application;
[0067] Figure 10 This is a time-varying curve of the transmitted light intensity variation value according to an embodiment of this application;
[0068] Figure 11 This is a graph showing the variation of peak thickness and average transmitted light intensity of the target area in an embodiment of this application.
[0069] Figure 12 This is a graph showing the variation of the deviation coefficient of the target supernatant in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0070] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" or "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.
[0071] This application provides a method for characterizing gravity settling in water treatment. Figure 1 The flowchart of the water treatment gravity sedimentation characterization method according to an embodiment of this application is shown below. Figure 1 It includes the following steps:
[0072] S100: Control the light source to move in a preset step size to perform a preset number of cycles of continuous periodic scanning of the sedimentation process of the target sample in the sample column, and obtain the scanning data for each scanning cycle.
[0073] Specifically, this step involves controlling the light source to move in a preset step-length manner from bottom to top, performing a preset number of cycles of periodic scanning across the entire height of the sample column to obtain scan data for each scan cycle. The scan data includes the transmitted light intensity of the target sample at each step point. The preset step-length can be a pre-defined moving distance, ranging from 1mm to 5mm, enabling point-by-point detection of the sample column from bottom to top. Each scan covers the entire column height to ensure that information from all areas, including the supernatant, turbid zone, solid-liquid interface, and sediment layer, is captured. The preset scan cycle can be 1min to 4min, thus obtaining scan data for each scan cycle.
[0074] For example, the sample column is a square transparent column with a width of 12cm-30cm and a height of 100cm-220cm.
[0075] S102. Based on the scanning data, determine the target state region of the target sample.
[0076] The target state area includes the supernatant, the flocculation and sedimentation interface area, and the concentrated sludge area.
[0077] Specifically, Figure 2 A flowchart for determining a target state region, for example, such as Figure 2 As shown, it may include the following steps:
[0078] S200. Based on the scanning data, determine the transmitted light intensity at each step point of the full height in each scanning cycle, so as to obtain multiple transmitted light intensities corresponding to multiple step points of the full height.
[0079] Understandably, each scan cycle contains raw light intensity data at hundreds or even thousands of step points across the entire height. This data contains complete details from the supernatant to the sediment layer. For example, for a given scan cycle... The original light intensity data value of its step size point is , where a represents the initial number of cycles, x represents the number of cycles added after the initial cycle, and j represents a step point in a specific height region.
[0080] S202. Based on multiple step points and multiple transmitted light intensities across the entire height, construct a time-varying curve of transmitted light intensity as the step point position changes.
[0081] Specifically, the transmitted light intensity at each step point is plotted on a coordinate system and connected to construct a curve showing the change of transmitted light intensity over time. This curve visually illustrates the macroscopic dynamic characteristics of the entire settlement process. For example, a rapid rise in the curve indicates a fast settlement rate; a flattening curve in the later stages indicates that settlement is nearing completion. This provides a global perspective for determining the settlement stage.
[0082] S204. Obtain the region boundary threshold.
[0083] Specifically, the regional boundary threshold can be preset based on theory, experimental data, or process requirements. For example, in this example, the regional boundary threshold is 0.5%.
[0084] S206. Based on the region boundary threshold, identify the target state region of the target sample from the time change curve of the self-transmitted light intensity.
[0085] For example, a rapid clarification region is identified when the time-varying curve of transmitted light intensity rises rapidly from below a threshold and exceeds the threshold; a stable clarification region is identified when the time-varying curve of transmitted light intensity exceeds the threshold and the rate of change becomes very small. If the time-varying curve of transmitted light intensity remains below the threshold, a high-concentration sludge region may be identified, indicating slow settling or no effective settling.
[0086] Furthermore, the determined target state region corresponds to the target state start step position and the target state end step position.
[0087] Furthermore, in one example, Figure 3 Here is another flowchart illustrating the determination of the target state region according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 It includes the following steps:
[0088] S300. Based on the scanning data, determine the change value of the transmitted light intensity in the current scanning cycle at each step point relative to the transmitted light intensity in the initial scanning cycle, so as to obtain multiple transmitted light intensity change values corresponding to multiple step points across the entire height.
[0089] The current scan cycle is any scan cycle that is not the initial scan cycle in the preset number of cycles.
[0090] Specifically, for any non-initial scan cycle The change in transmitted light intensity at any height step point j for:
[0091] ;
[0092] in, It is the reference light intensity at the moment when settlement begins.
[0093] The change in transmitted light intensity quantifies the local concentration change caused by particle settling. In areas where particle concentration increases, such as a settled sludge layer, transmitted light is weakened, and the change in transmitted light intensity is negative. In areas where particle concentration decreases, such as a clearer supernatant, transmitted light is enhanced, and the change in transmitted light intensity is positive. Through differential calculation, static background interference such as initial sample inhomogeneity and slight column wall contamination is effectively eliminated, greatly highlighting the light intensity change caused by the dynamic process of settling, making subsequent feature identification more sensitive and accurate.
[0094] S302. Based on multiple step points across the entire height and multiple transmitted light intensity variation values, construct a time variation curve of the transmitted light intensity variation value as the step point position changes.
[0095] The time variation is based on a continuous, preset periodic representation.
[0096] Specifically, for each specific scanning cycle, a curve is plotted showing the change in transmitted light intensity as a function of height. The curve illustrates the distribution of light intensity across the entire height of the cylinder at that moment. As the scan cycle progresses, a series of curves arranged chronologically will be obtained. Curves. The dynamic changes of these curves constitute a family of time-varying curves representing the changes in transmitted light intensity.
[0097] S304. Obtain the peak threshold.
[0098] Specifically, this threshold can be preset.
[0099] S306. Based on the peak threshold, identify the target state region of the target sample from the time variation curve of the self-transmitted light intensity change value.
[0100] The target state region is determined based on the starting step position and the ending step position of the target state.
[0101] For example, it can be done in each On the curve, look A continuous sequence of step-size points with values greater than the peak threshold is used to determine the target state region.
[0102] In yet another example, Figure 4 This is another flowchart illustrating the determination of the target state region according to an embodiment of this application. This step is... Figure 2 For a detailed description of the flowchart, see [link / reference]. Figure 4 It includes the following steps:
[0103] S400. Identify the first starting step position and the first ending step position in the time variation curve of transmitted light intensity that are less than the regional boundary threshold, and determine the region between the first starting step position and the first ending step position as the initial concentrated sludge region.
[0104] S402. Identify the second starting step position and the second ending step position in the time change curve of transmitted light intensity that are greater than the regional boundary threshold, and determine the region between the second starting step position and the second ending step position as the initial supernatant region.
[0105] S404. Determine the steady fluctuation curve of the initial supernatant region, and determine the region corresponding to the steady fluctuation curve as the target supernatant region.
[0106] S406. When the initial supernatant region is obtained by transitioning from the initial concentrated sludge region, the initial concentrated sludge region shall be determined as the target concentrated sludge region.
[0107] S408. The region between the first termination step position of the target concentrated sludge region and the second starting step position of the target supernatant region is defined as the solid-liquid interface region.
[0108] The third starting step position of the solid-liquid interface region is the first ending step position, and the third ending step position of the solid-liquid interface region is the second starting step position.
[0109] In yet another example, Figure 5 This is another flowchart illustrating the determination of the target state region according to an embodiment of this application. This step is... Figure 3 For a detailed description of the flowchart, see [link / reference]. Figure 5 It includes the following steps:
[0110] S500: On the time-varying curve of the transmitted light intensity, identify the interval of continuous step-size points where the transmitted light intensity change is greater than the peak threshold.
[0111] S502. Determine the starting step position of the continuous step point interval as the starting step position of the target state region.
[0112] S504. Determine the ending step position of the continuous step point interval as the ending step position of the target state region.
[0113] S506. Determine the target state region based on the starting step position and the ending step position of the target state region.
[0114] S104. Obtain the required number of scan cycles to form the target state region, the target height corresponding to the target state region, and the target transmitted light intensity of each of the multiple target step points corresponding to the target height in each scan cycle.
[0115] The target height is defined based on the target start step point and the target end step point, and the required number of scan cycles is extracted from the preset number of cycles.
[0116] S106. Based on the target transmitted light intensity and the required number of scan cycles for each of the multiple target step points corresponding to the target height in each scan cycle, determine the settlement evaluation results of the target state area.
[0117] The settlement evaluation results include the rate of state evolution and the rate of compression.
[0118] further, Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the state evolution rate of the target supernatant region according to an embodiment of this application. (See attached document.) Figure 6 It includes the following steps:
[0119] S600, Determine the height of the supernatant occupied from the second starting step position to the second ending step position.
[0120] S602. Based on the scanning data, determine the average transmitted light intensity of the supernatant at each step point in the supernatant occupancy height during the target scanning cycle.
[0121] The target scan cycle is any one of the required scan cycles;
[0122] S604. Based on the average transmitted light intensity of the supernatant determined by multiple step length points, determine the regional average transmitted light intensity of the supernatant area of the target under the target scanning cycle.
[0123] Among them, the average transmitted light intensity of the regional target is used to characterize the average transmitted light intensity of all step points in the supernatant occupancy height during the target scanning cycle.
[0124] S606. Obtain the average transmitted light intensity of the region corresponding to the previous scan cycle of the target scan cycle.
[0125] S608. Based on the average transmitted light intensity of the target area, the average transmitted light intensity of the reference area, the target time point, and the reference time point, determine the clarification rate of the target supernatant area.
[0126] The target time point is the representation point of the target scan cycle, and the reference time point is the representation point of the previous scan cycle of the target scan cycle.
[0127] further, Figure 7This is a flowchart illustrating the compression rate of the target concentrated sludge zone in an embodiment of this application. (See attached document.) Figure 7 It includes the following steps:
[0128] S700. Based on the transmitted light intensity corresponding to the target concentrated sludge area in each scanning cycle, determine the change value of transmitted light intensity of the target concentrated sludge area in each scanning cycle.
[0129] S702. Based on the change in transmitted light intensity during each scanning cycle, determine the peak thickness of the solid-liquid interface in the target concentrated sludge area during each scanning cycle.
[0130] Among them, the peak thickness of the solid-liquid interface is calculated based on the position of the peak feature point in the curve of the change in transmitted light intensity - height.
[0131] S704. Based on the ratio of the difference in peak thickness of the solid-liquid interface between two adjacent scanning cycles to the scanning cycle duration, determine the compression rate of the target concentrated sludge region.
[0132] further, Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating the determination of settlement type according to an embodiment of this application. (See attached document.) Figure 8 It includes the following steps:
[0133] S800 generates a distribution curve of transmitted light intensity with height under different scanning cycles based on the target height corresponding to the target state region and the target transmitted light intensity of multiple target step points corresponding to the target height under each scanning cycle.
[0134] S802. Identify the characteristic regions in the distribution curve where the intensity of transmitted light changes abruptly.
[0135] S804. If no characteristic region of abrupt change in transmitted light intensity is formed in the distribution curve within the scanning period, the sedimentation type is determined to be free sedimentation.
[0136] S806. If a characteristic region is formed in the distribution curve during the scanning cycle, and the height of the characteristic region increases over time, then the sedimentation type is determined to be flocculation sedimentation or stratification sedimentation.
[0137] S808. If a characteristic region is formed in the distribution curve during the scanning cycle, and the height of the characteristic region decreases over time, then the settlement type is determined to be compression settlement.
[0138] For ease of understanding, combined with Figures 9-12 Specific examples from this application are as follows:
[0139] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following specific operational steps:
[0140] (1) Place the water treatment gravity sedimentation suspension sample to be studied into the sample column;
[0141] (2) Keep the sample column from step (1) perpendicular to the light source, set the moving scanning direction, scanning step size and scanning cycle, and perform full height scanning on the sample column. Collect the intensity signal data of the transmitted light through the light intensity detector.
[0142] (3) Perform data analysis based on the light intensity signal obtained in step (2) to form a characterization method.
[0143] In this invention, the sample column in step (1) is a square transparent column to avoid reflection at different angles when illuminated by the light source.
[0144] In this invention, the column used in step (1) has a width and thickness of 12cm-30cm to avoid using too many samples and to avoid interference caused by the precipitation wall effect.
[0145] In this invention, the column used in step (1) has a height of 100cm-220cm, taking into account both operability and representativeness of settlement.
[0146] In this invention, the scanning direction in step (2) is a reverse scan with the opposite particle settling direction, which amplifies and characterizes the differences in particle motion behavior during gravity settling and improves the system sensitivity.
[0147] In this invention, during the full-height scan in step (2), the liquid level of the sample in the sample column is lower than the maximum scanning height of the light source, ensuring a full-height scan of the entire system during the gravity sedimentation process of the water, and obtaining complete information on system changes.
[0148] In this invention, the scanning step length in step (2) is set to 1mm-5mm according to the sedimentation step length of the water treatment process to be studied. It is based on the particle sedimentation velocity and sedimentation operation surface load in water treatment sedimentation. At the same time, it maintains data density, improves the accuracy of gravity sedimentation characterization process in water, obtains more efficient characterization data, and avoids data redundancy or missing data.
[0149] In this invention, the scanning cycle in step (2) is set according to the settling time of the water treatment process to be studied. The single cycle time is usually 1min-4min. If the cycle is too short, it may cause too much data to be repeated. If it is too long, it may cause some particle settling behavior to be uncharacterized.
[0150] In this invention, the data analysis in step (3) analyzes the differences in intensity of transmitted light at different heights, qualitatively determines the differences in particle concentration at different heights during sedimentation, and obtains the value of the change in transmitted light intensity based on the gravity sedimentation characterization of the water body to be studied. A distinct sediment layer forms, therefore, 0.5% is used as the threshold when the transmitted light intensity changes. At that time, the particle concentration at the corresponding height is relatively high, forming a distinct sediment layer. When the intensity of transmitted light changes... At that time, the corresponding height area is the light-transmitting area. If the intensity of transmitted light changes... A sudden drop occurred at a certain scan height. This indicates that the region is a solid-liquid interface.
[0151] In this invention, the data analysis in step (3) involves analyzing the average transmitted light intensity of the region. The clarification rate of this height region is quantified over time by calculating the average transmitted light intensity generated from the transmitted light intensity at all scan points in this height region. Then fit the average transmitted light intensity at a specific height within the scanning time. The change curve can be used to calculate the clarification rate at that altitude over a specific period of time. Specifically, clarification rate The calculation method is as follows:
[0152] ;
[0153] in, It refers to the average transmitted light intensity over a+x periods in a specific height region within the scanning time. The average transmitted light intensity over a period of a+x-1 in a specific height region. This refers to the specific scan time point corresponding to the a+x period. This refers to the specific scan time point corresponding to the a+x-1 cycle.
[0154] Average transmitted light intensity at a specific height within the scanning time The specific calculation method is as follows:
[0155] ;
[0156] Where n is the total number of step points at a specific height. arrive It represents the transmitted light intensity at each step point within a+x period, with each scan period corresponding to a unique value. .
[0157] It is understandable that the specific height region represents the height occupied by the supernatant, and the average transmitted light intensity at that specific height... The influence of local fluctuations was eliminated, reflecting the macroscopic trend of overall turbidity changes in the solution during sedimentation. As particles settle, the average transmittance of the entire column increases, and the average transmitted light intensity rises accordingly.
[0158] Specifically, the scanning period points a, a+1, a+2, ..., a+m and their corresponding... Points are plotted and connected in a coordinate system to construct a curve showing the change of average transmitted light intensity over time. This curve visually illustrates the macroscopic dynamic characteristics of the entire settlement process. For example, a rapid rise in the curve indicates a fast settlement rate; a flattening curve in the later stages indicates that settlement is nearing completion. This provides a global perspective for determining the settlement stage.
[0159] In this invention, the data analysis in step (3) is performed by analyzing... Changes are used to determine the location and changes of the solid-liquid interface; and to determine the sludge compression rate.
[0160] Through analysis The sign change over scan time is used to determine the location and movement of the solid-liquid interface, thereby identifying the precipitation region and type. A curve showing the change in transmitted light intensity over the entire height region as a function of scan time is plotted. A distinct peak appears on the curve at a certain scanning height, indicating the presence of a solid-liquid interface in that region. Below this height lies the sedimentation layer. Calculations... Peak thickness The direction and height of change can quantify the movement direction and speed of the solid-liquid interface, and the peak thickness H. a+x The specific calculation method is as follows:
[0161] ;
[0162] in, It refers to the right zero point of the peak at a certain scan time point. Specific height location, This refers to the specific height of the left zero point of the peak at a given scan time point. It refers to the specific height of the right zero point of the peak in the next scan at a given scan time point. It refers to the specific height position of the left zero point of the peak in the next scan at a certain scan time point.
[0163] If the height of the peak increases, it indicates that the solid-liquid interface has moved upward, the sediment thickness is increasing, and the sediment type is flocculation or stratification. If the height of the peak decreases, it indicates that the solid-liquid interface has moved downward, the sediment thickness is decreasing, and the sediment type is compression sedimentation. If the curve of transmitted light intensity change does not form a clear peak, it indicates that no solid-liquid interface has been formed, and the sedimentation type is free sedimentation. The compression rate of the precipitate can be calculated under compression precipitation conditions. The calculation method is as follows:
[0164] ;
[0165] It refers to the peak thickness of the wave crest with period a+x in a specific height region. It refers to the peak thickness of a wave with a period of a+x-1 in a specific height region. This refers to the specific scan time point corresponding to the a+x period. This refers to the specific scan time point corresponding to the a+x-1 cycle.
[0166] In this invention, the data analysis in step (3) involves analyzing the standard deviation of each transmitted light data point. for The ratio R characterizes the fluctuation of transmitted light and is used to qualitatively determine the changes in particle size during regional sedimentation. The calculation formula is as follows:
[0167] ;
[0168] By comparing the changes in R under different scanning cycles in a certain height area, if R gradually decreases, it means that the particles in that area gradually become smaller during gravity settling; if R gradually increases, it means that the particles in that area gradually become larger during gravity settling.
[0169] For example, by characterizing and analyzing the kaolin suspension, data on transmitted light intensity and its variation were obtained, and images were plotted accordingly. Finally, based on the image analysis, the height corresponding to different particle concentrations in the coagulated sample, the generation and movement of the solid-liquid interface, the clarification rate of the supernatant, and the changes in the sediment layer were determined.
[0170] First, there is the transmitted light intensity spectrum, such as... Figure 9 At the beginning of sedimentation, the transmitted light intensity value of the entire height of the sample remained around 20 on the vertical axis, indicating that the entire height area was initially a transparent area. As the sedimentation time progressed, after 60 minutes of sedimentation, the transmitted light intensity at 0-5 mm almost approached zero, indicating that the particle concentration in this area was high and it was a sedimentation area. The transmitted light intensity value in the 5-10 mm height area began to rise, indicating that this area was a solid-liquid interface. The transmitted light intensity in the 10-38 mm area showed an overall increase compared to before, indicating that this area gradually became clear.
[0171] Secondly, there is the curve of the change in transmitted light intensity, such as... Figure 10 A distinct peak appears at the bottom, with the peak value around -20 on the vertical axis. This indicates a significant decrease in transmitted light intensity in this region, representing a substantial increase in particle concentration. It also proves that a sedimentation layer is gradually forming in this region, creating a clear solid-liquid interface. As the sedimentation time progresses, the peak first shifts to the right and then to the left, indicating that the height of the sedimentation area first increases and then decreases, and the solid-liquid interface first rises and then falls. The sedimentation type is compression sedimentation.
[0172] Then there is a graph showing the changes in peak thickness and average transmitted light intensity, such as... Figure 11 As can be seen, the average transmitted light intensity in the supernatant region gradually increases and then gradually approaches equilibrium with the sedimentation time, indicating that the supernatant is gradually becoming clear. The clarification rate was calculated to be 4.96% / min within 0-10 min and 0.11% / min within 10-30 min. Furthermore, the peak thickness initially increases, then decreases, and finally stabilizes, indicating the gradual formation of precipitate and significant precipitate compression, further confirming that the precipitate is a compression precipitate.
[0173] Finally Figure 12 The deviation coefficient R variation graph shows that in the supernatant region, the deviation coefficient R value first increases and then decreases during the sedimentation process. This indicates that the deviation between particles first increases and then decreases, representing that large particles are formed first during the sedimentation process, and then the large particles gradually settle completely, resulting in smaller residual particles in the supernatant.
[0174] Furthermore, this application also discloses a water treatment gravity sedimentation characterization device, the device comprising:
[0175] The motion control module is used to control the light source to move in a preset step size to perform a preset number of cycles of continuous periodic scanning of the sedimentation process of the target sample in the sample column, and to obtain the scanning data of each scanning cycle. The scanning data includes the transmitted light intensity of the target sample at each step size point.
[0176] The target state region determination module is used to determine the target state region of the target sample based on the scan data.
[0177] The scanning data acquisition module is used to acquire the required number of scanning cycles to form the target state area, the target height corresponding to the target state area, and the target transmitted light intensity of each of the multiple target step points corresponding to the target height in each scanning cycle. The target height is limited based on the target start step point and the target end step point, and the required number of scanning cycles is extracted from the preset number of cycles.
[0178] The settlement evaluation result determination module is used to determine the settlement evaluation result of the target state region based on the target transmitted light intensity and the required number of scan cycles for each of the multiple target step points corresponding to the target height in each scan cycle. The settlement evaluation result includes the state evolution rate and the compression rate.
[0179] The application of the relevant modules of the system in this example can be found in the above introduction to the principles of the method, and will not be repeated here.
[0180] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which can be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium or a volatile computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of the water treatment gravity sedimentation prediction method.
[0181] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the system, device, or unit described above can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
[0182] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.
[0183] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method of characterizing a water treatment gravity settler, the method comprising: The method includes: The light source is controlled to move at a preset step size to perform a preset number of continuous periodic scans of the sedimentation process of the target sample in the sample column, thereby obtaining scan data for each scan cycle. The scan data includes the transmitted light intensity of the target sample at each step size point in each scan cycle. Based on the scan data, the target state region of the target sample is determined; The required number of scan cycles to form the target state region, the target height corresponding to the target state region, and the target transmitted light intensity of each of the multiple target step points corresponding to the target height in each scan cycle are obtained. The target height is defined based on the target start step point and the target end step point, and the required number of scan cycles is extracted from the preset number of cycles. Based on the target transmitted light intensity and the required number of scanning cycles at each target step point corresponding to the target height in each scanning cycle, the settlement evaluation result of the target state region is determined. The settlement evaluation result includes the state evolution rate and the compression rate. The determination of the target state region of the target sample based on the scan data includes: Based on the scan data, the transmitted light intensity at each step point of the full height in each scan cycle is determined, so as to obtain multiple transmitted light intensities corresponding to multiple step points of the full height. Based on multiple step points and multiple transmitted light intensities across the entire height, a time variation curve of transmitted light intensity as the step point position changes is constructed, wherein the time variation is characterized by a continuous preset period. Obtain the region boundary threshold; Based on the region boundary threshold, the target state region of the target sample is identified from the time variation curve of the transmitted light intensity. The target state region is determined based on the target state start step position and the target state end step position. or, Based on the scan data, the change value of transmitted light intensity relative to the initial scan period under the current scan period at each step point is determined, so as to obtain multiple changes in transmitted light intensity corresponding to multiple step points at the full height. The current scan period is any scan period other than the initial scan period in the preset number of cycles. Based on multiple step points across the entire height and multiple transmitted light intensity variation values, a time variation curve of the transmitted light intensity variation value as the step point position changes is constructed, wherein the time variation is characterized by a continuous preset period. Obtain the peak threshold; Based on the peak threshold, the target state region of the target sample is identified from the time variation curve of the transmitted light intensity change value. The target state region is determined based on the target state start step position and the target state end step position. The step of identifying the target state region of the target sample from the time-varying curve of the transmitted light intensity based on the region boundary threshold includes: Identify the first starting step position and the first ending step position in the time variation curve of the transmitted light intensity that are less than the regional boundary threshold, and determine the region between the first starting step position and the first ending step position as the initial concentrated sludge region. Identify the second starting step position and the second ending step position in the time variation curve of the transmitted light intensity that are greater than the regional boundary threshold, and determine the region between the second starting step position and the second ending step position as the initial supernatant region. Determine the steady fluctuation curve of the initial supernatant region, and define the region corresponding to the steady fluctuation curve as the target supernatant region; When the initial supernatant region is obtained by transitioning from the initial concentrated sludge region, the initial concentrated sludge region is determined as the target concentrated sludge region. The region between the first termination step position of the target concentrated sludge region and the second starting step position of the target supernatant region is defined as the solid-liquid interface region, wherein the third starting step position of the solid-liquid interface region is the first termination step position, and the third termination step position of the solid-liquid interface region is the second starting step position. When the target state region is the target concentrated sludge region, the compression rate of the target state region is determined based on the target transmitted light intensity and the required number of scan cycles at each of the multiple target step points corresponding to the target height in each scan cycle. Based on the transmitted light intensity corresponding to the target concentrated sludge area in each scanning cycle, the change value of transmitted light intensity of the target concentrated sludge area in each scanning cycle is determined. Based on the change value of transmitted light intensity under each scanning cycle, the peak thickness of the solid-liquid interface of the target concentrated sludge area under each scanning cycle is determined, wherein the peak thickness of the solid-liquid interface is calculated based on the position of the peak feature point in the curve of change value of transmitted light intensity - height. The compression rate of the target concentrated sludge region is determined based on the ratio of the difference in peak thickness of the solid-liquid interface between two adjacent scanning cycles to the scanning cycle duration.
2. The water treatment gravity sedimentation characterization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controlled light source moves in a preset step size to perform a preset number of continuous periodic scans of the sedimentation process of the target sample within the sample column, obtaining scan data for each scan cycle including: The light source is controlled to move in a preset step size from bottom to top to perform a preset number of continuous periodic scans of the sedimentation process of the target sample in the sample column, thereby obtaining the scan data for each scan cycle.
3. The water treatment gravity sedimentation characterization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of identifying the target state region of the target sample from the time-varying curve of the transmitted light intensity based on the peak threshold includes: On the time-varying curve of the transmitted light intensity, identify the interval of continuous step points where the transmitted light intensity change is greater than the peak threshold. The starting step position of the continuous step point interval is determined as the starting step position of the target state region; The termination step position of the continuous step point interval is determined as the termination step position of the target state region. The target state region is determined based on the starting step position and the ending step position of the target state region.
4. The water treatment gravity sedimentation characterization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the target state region is the target supernatant region, the state evolution rate of the target state region is determined based on the target transmitted light intensity and the required number of scan cycles at each of the multiple target step points corresponding to the target height in each scan cycle. Determine the height of the supernatant occupied from the second starting step position to the second ending step position; Based on the scanning data, the average transmitted light intensity of the supernatant at each step point in the supernatant occupancy height is determined in the target scanning cycle, wherein the target scanning cycle is any one of the required number of scanning cycles; Based on the average transmitted light intensity of the supernatant determined by multiple step length points, the regional target average transmitted light intensity of the target supernatant region under the target scanning cycle is determined, wherein the regional target average transmitted light intensity is used to characterize the average transmitted light intensity of all step length points in the supernatant occupancy height under the target scanning cycle. Obtain the average transmitted light intensity of the region corresponding to the previous scan cycle of the target scan cycle; Based on the average transmitted light intensity of the target area, the average transmitted light intensity of the reference area, the target time point, and the reference time point, the clarification rate of the target supernatant area is determined, wherein the target time point is the characterization point of the target scanning cycle, and the reference time point is the characterization point of the previous scanning cycle of the target scanning cycle.
5. The water treatment gravity sedimentation characterization method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the target height corresponding to the target state region and the target transmitted light intensity of each of the multiple target step points corresponding to the target height in each scanning cycle, a distribution curve of transmitted light intensity with height is generated under different scanning cycles. Identify the characteristic regions in the distribution curve where the intensity of transmitted light changes abruptly; If no characteristic region of abrupt change in transmitted light intensity is formed in the distribution curve within the scanning period, the sedimentation type is determined to be free sedimentation. If the characteristic region is formed in the distribution curve during the scanning cycle, and the height of the characteristic region increases over time, then the sedimentation type is determined to be flocculation sedimentation or stratification sedimentation. If the characteristic region is formed in the distribution curve during the scanning period, and the height of the characteristic region decreases over time, then the settlement type is determined to be compression settlement.
6. A water treatment gravity sedimentation characterization device, characterized in that, The device includes: The motion control module is used to control the light source to move by a preset step size, so as to perform a preset number of cycles of continuous periodic scanning of the sedimentation process of the target sample in the sample column, and obtain the scanning data of each scanning cycle. The scanning data includes the transmitted light intensity of the target sample at each step size point. The target state region determination module is used to determine the target state region of the target sample based on the scan data. The scanning data acquisition module is used to acquire the required number of scanning cycles to form the target state region, the target height corresponding to the target state region, and the target transmitted light intensity of each of the multiple target step points corresponding to the target height in each scanning cycle. The target height is defined based on the target start step point and the target end step point, and the required number of scanning cycles is extracted from the preset number of cycles. The settlement evaluation result determination module is used to determine the settlement evaluation result of the target state region based on the target transmitted light intensity and the required number of scan cycles for each of the multiple target step points corresponding to the target height in each scan cycle. The settlement evaluation result includes the state evolution rate and the compression rate. The target state region determination module includes: The transmitted light intensity determination unit is used to determine the transmitted light intensity of each step point in the full height in each scanning cycle based on the scanning data, so as to obtain multiple transmitted light intensities corresponding to multiple step points in the full height. The time variation curve construction unit is used to construct a time variation curve of the transmitted light intensity as the step point position changes, based on multiple step points and multiple transmitted light intensities at the full height. The time variation is characterized by a continuous preset period. The region boundary threshold acquisition unit is used to acquire the region boundary threshold. The first target state region identification unit is used to identify the target state region of the target sample from the time change curve of the transmitted light intensity based on the region boundary threshold. The target state region is determined based on the target state start step position and the target state end step position. Alternatively, the target state region determination module includes: The transmitted light intensity change value determination module is used to determine the change value of transmitted light intensity relative to the initial scan cycle in the current scan cycle of each step point based on the scan data, so as to obtain multiple transmitted light intensity change values corresponding to multiple step points of the full height, wherein the current scan cycle is any scan cycle other than the initial scan cycle in the preset number of cycles. The time variation curve construction module constructs a time variation curve of the transmitted light intensity change value as the step point position changes, based on multiple step points at the full height and multiple transmitted light intensity change values, wherein the time variation is characterized by a continuous preset period. Peak threshold acquisition module, used to acquire peak threshold; The second target state region identification unit is used to identify the target state region of the target sample from the time change curve of the transmitted light intensity change value based on the peak threshold. The target state region is determined based on the target state start step position and the target state end step position. The target state region identification unit includes: The initial thickened sludge region determination subunit is used to identify the first starting step position and the first ending step position in the time variation curve of the transmitted light intensity that are less than the region boundary threshold, and to determine the region between the first starting step position and the first ending step position as the initial thickened sludge region. The initial supernatant region determination subunit is used to identify the second starting step position and the second ending step position in the time variation curve of the transmitted light intensity that are greater than the region boundary threshold, and to determine the region between the second starting step position and the second ending step position as the initial supernatant region. The target supernatant region determination subunit is used to determine the steady fluctuation curve of the initial supernatant region and to determine the region corresponding to the steady fluctuation curve as the target supernatant region. The target concentrated sludge region determination subunit is used to determine the initial concentrated sludge region as the target concentrated sludge region when the initial supernatant region is transitioned from the initial concentrated sludge region. The solid-liquid interface region determination subunit is used to determine the region between the first termination step position of the target concentrated sludge region and the second starting step position of the target supernatant region as the solid-liquid interface region, wherein the third starting step position of the solid-liquid interface region is the first termination step position, and the third termination step position of the solid-liquid interface region is the second starting step position. The target state region determination module is further configured to, when the target state region is a target concentrated sludge region, determine the compression rate of the target state region based on the target transmitted light intensity and the required number of scan cycles at each of the multiple target step points corresponding to the target height in each scan cycle: The unit for determining the change value of transmitted light intensity is used to determine the change value of transmitted light intensity of the target concentrated sludge area in each scanning cycle based on the transmitted light intensity corresponding to the target concentrated sludge area in each scanning cycle. The solid-liquid interface peak thickness determination unit is used to determine the solid-liquid interface peak thickness of the target concentrated sludge region in each scanning cycle based on the transmitted light intensity change value in each scanning cycle, wherein the solid-liquid interface peak thickness is calculated based on the position of the peak feature point in the transmitted light intensity change value-height curve. The compression rate determination unit is used to determine the compression rate of the target concentrated sludge region based on the ratio of the difference in peak thickness of the solid-liquid interface between two adjacent scanning cycles to the scanning cycle duration.