Barrier-free sensing forcible entry and variable-structure jet fire extinguishing device for limited closed fire scene

Abstract

The invention discloses a barrier-free sensing forcible entry and variable-structure jet fire extinguishing device for a limited closed fire scene, belongs to the technical field of fire-fighting emergency rescue, and aims to build a closed-loop chain system for cooperative governance of the limited closed fire scene with barrier-free monitoring, controlled forcible entry and in-situ foam variable-structure fire extinguishing. The smoke self-cleaning sensing monitoring unit adopts a pressure difference-eddy current two-stage self-driving cleaning smoke sensing device, and realizes high-definition identification and accurate monitoring of disaster characteristics of the limited closed fire scene through a multi-parameter fusion decision-making self-driving cleaning algorithm; the shearing and expanding linkage type boundary expanding forcible entry unit is provided with an umbrella rib shearing and expanding linkage type breaking device and a jaw expanding tool bit elastic quick-release locking structure, so that the boundary of a fire scene is cut from a weak and small opening to a gradual reaming opening for sequential forcible entry; according to the foam variable structure jet flow fire treatment unit, a foam medium reverse shearing-multi-stage foaming system is adopted for carrying a variable aperture foam jet device, in-situ preparation and condition-based disaster reduction of a foam medium are achieved, and the barrier-free monitoring and safety rescue co-processing capacity of the limited closed fire is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a barrier-free sensing and demolition and variable-structure jet fire extinguishing device for confined and enclosed fire scenes, which involves intelligent disaster early warning, fire demolition and foam fire extinguishing and control equipment, and belongs to the field of fire emergency rescue technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous optimization of my country's modern urban spatial pattern, urban buildings are rapidly developing towards larger scale, greater centralization, and higher heights. However, due to their large combustible loads and high residential density, building fires are highly susceptible to escalating into destructive disasters, severely hindering the improvement of urban public safety. Especially in rooms, corridors, basements, equipment rooms, storage rooms, and other enclosed or semi-enclosed areas within buildings, ventilation is limited. After a fire breaks out, heat, smoke, and combustible pyrolysis products tend to accumulate continuously in localized areas. When doors are blindly opened or breaches are made, the sudden influx of fresh air can cause rapid mixing of high-temperature combustible gases and oxygen inside the fire, inducing flashback and causing even more severe secondary disasters. Therefore, precise disaster perception, controlled opening of breaching boundaries, and differentiated spraying of extinguishing agents are crucial for reducing the risk of sudden fire changes and improving firefighting and rescue efficiency in confined and enclosed fire scenarios.

[0003] High-risk fire scenarios such as confined spaces place higher demands on improving the accuracy of disaster identification, safe breaching performance, and fire fighting and rescue efficiency. While existing fire detection devices can monitor fires to a certain extent, in extreme environments such as high smoke and dust and high humidity and heat, sensor components are prone to clogging, signal attenuation, and inaccurate identification. Traditional breaching methods mostly involve manual close-range opening of doors and windows or conventional mechanical impact breaching. Although these methods can open the fire boundary, the breaching process lacks control and cannot meet the conditions for opening the boundary of confined fires. Foam extinguishing devices mostly use premixed liquid supply or fixed spraying methods, which suffer from insufficient foaming capacity and serious foam production loss, which is not conducive to the coordinated implementation of backfire prevention, local suppression, and large-area coverage fire extinguishing in confined fires. Based on this, this patent proposes a barrier-free sensing demolition and deformable jet fire extinguishing device for confined and enclosed fire scenes. By assessing the risk of fire scene characteristics and disasters using multiple parameters, it links the self-cleaning response of sensors, activates the umbrella-rib shear-expansion linkage demolition device, and is equipped with a foam deformable jet device. This is of great significance for improving the level of urban public safety and modernizing fire emergency response capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a barrier-free sensing, demolition and modified jet fire extinguishing device for confined and enclosed fire scenes, which can realize barrier-free and accurate monitoring of fire disasters, improve the fire extinguishing capability of full coverage of the fire scene, and efficiently manage sudden fire situations such as flashback and re-ignition.

[0005] This invention provides a barrier-free sensing, breaching, and deformable jet fire extinguishing device for confined and enclosed fire scenes, comprising three parts: a smoke self-cleaning sensing and monitoring unit, a shear-expansion linkage boundary expansion breaching unit, and a foam deformable jet fire control unit.

[0006] The smoke self-cleaning sensing and monitoring unit proposed in this invention includes a pressure difference-eddy current dual-stage self-driven cleaning smoke sensing device and a multi-parameter fusion decision-making self-driven cleaning algorithm; the shear-expansion linkage boundary expansion and demolition unit includes an umbrella-rib shear-expansion linkage demolition device and a jaw expansion cutter head elastic quick-release locking structure; the foam deformation jet fire control unit includes a foam medium reverse shear-multi-stage foaming system and a variable aperture foam jet nozzle.

[0007] The differential pressure-eddy current dual-stage self-driving smoke sensor consists of a protective shell, a dustproof labyrinth panel, a ring-shaped optical panel, multi-parameter measuring points, and a hyperbolic spinning cleaning blade; it has a differential pressure and eddy current dual-force self-cleaning function triggered by the blockage of the measuring points, realizing autonomous blockage clearing operation without external intervention.

[0008] Optionally, the dustproof labyrinth panel is provided with two sets located at the air inlet ends of the sensing device, consisting of a vortex flow channel, a smoke equalization filter, a central air inlet flue, and a gravity slag release filter, which can achieve integrated treatment of primary filtration, vortex power generation, and unidirectional slag discharge of the smoke and dust entering the device.

[0009] Optionally, the smoke equalization filter is disposed on the dustproof labyrinth panel and is arranged alternately with the vortex flow channel. The filter is composed of uniform porous mesh units and is mainly used to perform preliminary screening and airflow equalization of the dust-laden airflow entering the sensing device.

[0010] Optionally, the vortex channel is arranged in an arc-shaped vortex on the dustproof labyrinth panel and alternates with the smoke equalization filter. Through the arc-shaped tangential airflow guide, the dust-laden airflow forms a rotating vortex, thereby generating the vortex power required for the self-cleaning of the sensing device.

[0011] Optionally, the gravity-driven slag-releasing filter screen consists of two sets of elastic valve plates on the side wall. Utilizing the opening and closing characteristics of the elastic valve plates, the slag particles are discharged in one direction under gravity, effectively blocking the reverse flow of external dust into the device and providing protection for the self-cleaning and slag discharge system of the sensing device.

[0012] Optionally, the hyperbolic spinning cleaning blade adopts a hyperbolic arc-shaped curved surface structure, matching the contour of the annular optical panel and the core monitoring area. It is located in two sets distributed circumferentially in the multi-parameter measuring point layer, presenting a hyperbolic arc-shaped structure with high ends and low center. It is nested and connected to the annular optical panel through a fan-shaped spinning groove base. Under the combined action of eddy current force and pressure difference, the hyperbolic spinning cleaning blade process is operated, driving the spinning cleaning blade to rotate autonomously on the annular optical panel. This induces dust particles to be discharged directionally along the arc surface of the blade according to their own gravity, avoiding the retention and accumulation of dust in the hyperbolic spinning cleaning blade area and improving the dust removal efficiency of the cleaning channel.

[0013] Optionally, the hyperbolic spinning cleaning blade operation process includes a clogging stage, a cleaning stage, and a dust removal stage, achieving a stable and long-lasting self-cleaning effect and effectively preventing the accumulation of smoke and dust from obstructing the measuring points.

[0014] Optionally, during the blockage stage, when the dust and smoke airflow enters the device through the vortex channel of the dustproof labyrinth panel, the airflow will generate a continuous vortex force F. Dust particles gradually adhere to and accumulate on the surface of the measuring point in the core detection area, causing local blockage of the measuring point, and thus forming an internal and external airflow pressure difference ∆P.

[0015] Optionally, during the cleaning phase, the vortex force generated by the airflow impact entering the device and the pressure difference between the inside and outside airflow, combined with the guide support of the fan-shaped spin groove base, drive the hyperbolic spin cleaning scraper to rotate circumferentially around the annular optical panel along the fan-shaped spin groove base, thereby achieving high-definition and barrier-free monitoring of the sensor measurement points.

[0016] Optionally, in the ash removal stage, the hyperbolic arc structure of the hyperbolic spinning cleaning scraper is used. This structure is high on both sides and low in the middle, with the outer side being higher than the inner side. This allows the dust particles after being cleaned by the scraper to slide naturally down the scraper surface and fully detach from it. After being peeled off by the spinning scraper, the dust particles fall along the central settling area and are discharged through the gravity slag release filter, thus preventing dust from accumulating in the detection area.

[0017] The multi-parameter fusion decision-making self-driven cleaning algorithm includes a parameter detection unit, a threshold comparison unit, a blockage judgment unit, a self-driven cleaning unit, and a gravity slag discharge unit.

[0018] Optionally, the multi-parameter detection unit collects parameters such as CO concentration, CO2 concentration, HCN concentration, smoke concentration, temperature, and alarm limit threshold in real time through multi-parameter measurement points integrated on the ring optical panel inside the sensing device, and performs score discrimination.

[0019] Optionally, the threshold comparison unit can trigger a high-risk fire alarm and upload the data to the monitoring system when a single parameter reaches the fire alarm limit threshold: CO ≥ 100 ppm, CO2 ≥ 1000 ppm, HCN ≥ 1 ppm, temperature ≥ 58 ℃, or smoke concentration ≥ 0.1 dB / m.

[0020] Optionally, if no blockage is detected, the blockage judgment unit maintains normal detection operation of the device; if a blockage is detected, it needs to determine whether the resultant force of the eddy current force and the pressure difference reaches 50 Pa. When the resultant force reaches the driving threshold, the scraper cleaning-filter dust removal operation is started.

[0021] Optionally, when the combined force of the eddy current force and the pressure difference exceeds 50 Pa, the self-driven cleaning unit drives the hyperbolic spin cleaning blade at a speed of 200 r / min to perform circumferential cleaning of the optical panel based on the fan-shaped spin groove base, ensuring that the measuring points are unobstructed.

[0022] Optionally, the gravity slag discharge unit is used to receive the dust particles after the self-driving cleaning unit has cleaned them. This unit uses the arc-shaped guiding structure of the hyperbolic spinning scraper and the gravity of the dust particles themselves to make the particles fall freely from the scraper, realizing unidirectional falling slag discharge.

[0023] The umbrella rib shearing and expansion linkage breaking device includes: a quick-release jaw expansion cutter head, a pivoting main body connecting arm, an umbrella rib type expansion mechanism, a spring-return quick-release locking button, a round-headed spring telescopic connecting rod, a jaw expansion cutter head elastic quick-release locking device, a cutter head quick-release locking guide bearing seat, and a machine body quick-release positioning and installation support seat.

[0024] Optionally, the quick-release jaw expander is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the device and connected to the pivotal main body connecting arm; the quick-release jaw expander acts on the front end of the device, the outer side of the jaw expander is provided with a wave-shaped anti-slip rotatable plate, the inner side of the jaw expander is provided with a rotatable blade tip expander, and the front end of the jaw expander is provided with a wedge-shaped penetrating blade tip.

[0025] Optionally, the wedge-shaped penetrating tip is located at the front end of the quick-release jaw expansion cutter head, and its overall structure is a wedge-shaped gradually expanding structure, used to form the penetrating part at the front end of the cutter head; the wedge-shaped penetrating tip is connected to the rotatable blade tip expansion plate, forming a composite working end with the functions of penetrating and guiding, clamping and limiting slippage and outward expansion and demolition.

[0026] Optionally, the rotatable blade tip expansion plate is disposed inside the quick-release jaw expansion blade head and is connected to the umbrella-rib type expansion mechanism for transmission; under the drive of the umbrella-rib type expansion mechanism, the rotatable blade tip expansion plate flips and opens outward around the fulcrum, pushing the breaking opening to expand rapidly from a small opening to a large opening.

[0027] Optionally, the umbrella-shaped expansion mechanism is located inside the quick-release jaw expander head and includes a smooth sleeve, a support main rod, a telescopic connecting rod, a rod-plate connecting assembly, and a limiting plate. The smooth sleeve is sleeved on the outer periphery of the support main rod and can slide along the axial direction of the support main rod. The telescopic connecting rod is hinged to the smooth sleeve and the rod-plate connecting assembly respectively to form a transmission system that converts axial drive to radial expansion.

[0028] Optionally, the main support rod is located at the central axis of the umbrella-shaped support mechanism to form the support base and guide reference of the mechanism; the smooth sleeve is located on the outside of the main support rod and slides with it; the limiting plate is located at the end of the main support rod to limit the relative displacement range of the smooth sleeve.

[0029] Optionally, the pivotal main body connecting arm is disposed between the device body and the quick-release jaw expansion cutter head, and is used to form a connection support structure between the device body and the front working part; the pivotal main body connecting arm cooperates with the quick-release jaw expansion cutter head so that the components form an integrated assembly relationship and together constitute a hydraulic shear-type gripper expansion and demolition device with penetration, limited slip, expansion and support functions.

[0030] Optionally, the quick-release locking guide support is embedded in the lower end of the quick-release jaw expander, and is used to provide guidance, alignment and support for the quick-release jaw expander; the quick-release locking guide support is provided with a round-headed spring telescopic link inside, forming a locking interface on the side of the blade.

[0031] The jaw expansion cutter head elastic quick-release locking structure includes a spring-reset quick-release locking button, a quick-release positioning and mounting support for the machine body, an embedded strong magnetic self-holding positioning block, and a round-headed spring telescopic connecting rod.

[0032] Optionally, the spring-return quick-release locking button is located within the quick-release positioning and mounting support of the machine body, and includes a ball-head type pressing drive and a compression return spring; the ball-head type pressing drive includes a pressing drive end and a locking control end, used to drive the ball-head type pressing drive to move along the guide direction; the compression return spring is used to provide elastic restoring force so that it has a reset function and a locking constraint function.

[0033] Optionally, the quick-release positioning and mounting support of the machine body is provided with an arc-shaped guide groove, which is used to correct and guide the position of the cutter head side connection during the insertion process, so that the cutter head side connection and the machine body mounting part form a press-fit self-locking quick-release connection under the action of button pressing and spring reset, so as to form a guide positioning and locking interface on the machine body side.

[0034] Optionally, the embedded strong magnetic self-holding positioning block is disposed inside the quick-release positioning and mounting support base of the machine body, and includes a guide accommodating cavity and a transverse force transmission link; the guide accommodating cavity is used to form an installation and accommodating space for the positioning block; the transverse force transmission link is used to establish a transverse force transmission relationship between the ball-head type pressing drive and the positioning part, so that the mechanical locking structure and the magnetic holding structure form a linkage cooperation.

[0035] Optionally, the round-headed spring telescopic link is located inside the quick-release locking guide bearing seat of the cutter head and corresponds to the arc-shaped guide groove; it is used to form an elastic guide insertion end, and the arc-shaped guide groove is used to form an introduction transition interface and a limiting fit interface to improve alignment accuracy and assembly stability.

[0036] Optionally, the spring-reset quick-release locking button and the embedded strong magnetic self-holding positioning block constitute a mechanical elastic locking-magnetic self-holding composite connection unit; the round-headed spring telescopic link and the arc-shaped guide groove constitute a guide mating unit, forming a self-guiding correction-pressing centering-limiting fit composite guide positioning mechanism during the insertion process, so that the cutter head side connection part completes position correction, attitude adjustment and axis alignment along the constraint trajectory of the arc-shaped guide groove when it approaches the machine body mounting part.

[0037] Optionally, the quick-release locking guide bearing seat and the quick-release positioning and mounting support seat of the machine body respectively constitute the connecting base on the cutter side and the mounting base on the machine body side, and cooperate with the spring-return quick-release locking button, the embedded strong magnetic self-holding positioning block and the round-head spring telescopic linkage to enable the cutter head connection part to have the functions of quick pressing, stable fitting, vibration resistance and anti-loosening and positioning limitation.

[0038] The foam medium reverse shear-multi-stage foaming system is installed in the fluid transport channel of the foam deformation jet fire control unit. It is used to guide and premix the foam medium, shear and foam form and high-speed injection. It consists of a guiding and premixing module, a swirling shear foaming module and a rectifying and deformation injection module.

[0039] Optionally, the premixing module consists of a liquid inlet, a connecting flange, an annular groove, a spin-arc conical guide, a foam liquid negative pressure self-priming pipe, and an air inlet. It is used to guide the aqueous medium to accelerate transport along the guide channel, and under the synergistic effect of the annular groove and the spin-arc conical guide, a spin-low pressure vortex is formed, resulting in a local entrainment effect, which induces the foam liquid to be self-drawn in and simultaneously draws in air through the air inlet, thereby realizing the initial premixing of foam liquid and gas in the guide channel.

[0040] Optionally, the spin-arc-blade conical guide consists of an embedded spin base, a conical guide cavity, arc-blade guide channels, and a baffle plate; wherein the embedded spin base is built into the annular groove and is used to drive the aqueous medium to automatically complete circumferential diversion and pre-swirl guiding; eight arc-blade guide channels are evenly distributed along the circumference inside the conical guide cavity, and each arc-blade guide channel is arranged in a swirling convergence along the water flow transport direction; the baffle plate is set at the outer edge of the outlet of the conical guide cavity and is used to limit the overflow of liquid flow and induce the swirling flow to converge forward along the inner wall of the guide cavity.

[0041] Optionally, the swirling shear bubble-forming module is located within the bubble-forming cavity enclosed by the inner wall of the cavity and the outer wall of the cavity, and consists of a concentric ring array foam dispersion disk, a porous baffle reverse shear impeller, and a double-swirling torsion ribbon; wherein the concentric ring array foam dispersion disk and the porous baffle reverse shear impeller are arranged alternately and at intervals in the central axis region of the bubble-forming cavity; the double-swirling torsion ribbon is distributed in a double-strand symmetrical spiral winding ribbon, forming a "peripheral double-swirling flow guidance and central alternating bubble production" swirling shear bubble-forming structure.

[0042] Optionally, the concentric ring array foam dispersion disk is arranged perpendicular to the medium transport direction. The disk body has five concentric ring arrays of refined bubbles arranged from the center to the outer periphery. Each refined bubble penetrates the thickness of the disk body to form a dispersion channel, so that the gas-liquid medium is split at multiple points to form primary bubble nuclei during the process of passing through the refined bubble nuclei, thereby improving the gas-liquid contact area and the uniformity of bubble nuclei dispersion, and providing pre-dispersion conditions for the secondary shearing and refined bubble formation of the subsequent porous baffle reverse shear impeller.

[0043] Optionally, the porous baffle reverse shear impeller includes a central hub and porous blades, with a total of five groups. Each group of porous blades is distributed at a 72° equiangular interval, with 10 blades arranged in a cross pattern along the tangential deflection and radial expansion. The blade surface has multiple through-type strip holes. When the medium flows through, it first deflects along the tangential blade channel and then collides head-on with the radial blades, forming a local reverse backflow and a strong reverse shear zone, inducing the primary bubble nuclei to undergo stretching, decomposition, and refinement.

[0044] Optionally, the dual-swirl torsion ribbon is located adjacent to the inner wall of the chamber, which is used to guide the gas-liquid medium flowing in the sidewall region in a spiral, circumferential traction and axial transport, so that the gas-liquid medium that was originally concentrated in the central position to complete dispersion and shearing is further extended and rolled to the outer sidewall region, which enhances the participation of the sidewall medium in mixing, extends the flow path and inhibits the retention of the boundary flow layer, and ensures a continuous swirling shear bubble formation environment in the whole cross section.

[0045] Optionally, the rectifier variable-structure injection module includes a foam jet chamber, a staged positioning knob, and a variable aperture foam jet injector; the foam jet chamber is used to converge and rectify the foam medium output from the previous stage, and to increase the axial momentum of the jet through the converging and guiding effect of the chamber, thereby realizing the accelerated jet output of the foam medium; the staged positioning knob is located on the outside of the variable aperture foam jet injector and is connected to the internal adjustment mechanism of the injector for driving the injector to switch the injection mode according to the preset stage.

[0046] The variable aperture foam jet generator includes a graded positioning knob, an indexing drive gear, an arc-shaped slide rail, a slide rail positioner, a rotating disk, and wedge-shaped rotating flow control blades. The graded positioning knob drives the indexing drive gear to rotate the rotating disk, causing the wedge-shaped rotating flow control blades to open and close in stages along the arc-shaped slide rail. Under the limiting action of the slide rail positioner, it achieves stable switching of different nozzle openings and flow configurations, thereby completing the variable configuration control of the foam medium from the first-level opening, the second-level opening to the third-level opening.

[0047] Optionally, the first-stage opening is the initial open state of the variable aperture foam jet, and the wedge-shaped rotating flow control blades converge towards the center along the arc-shaped slide rail and maintain the first-stage positioning under the limiting action of the slide rail positioner, so that the annular array conical jet is in the annular connected open state.

[0048] Optionally, the ring array of conical jets is arranged in 12 groups at equal 30° intervals around the outer periphery of the injector to ensure balanced circumferential force, continuous opening transition, and stable jet release when the blades are fully open. Each jet is accelerated out along a conical channel structure with a smaller front and a larger rear, and converges in front to form a hollow water shield structure, which is used to block the backfire fireball and deflagration flames head-on, wrap the outer edge, and weaken the impact, thereby suppressing the sudden flames in the enclosed space.

[0049] Optionally, the secondary opening is the neutral open state of the variable aperture foam jet generator. Under the drive of the graded positioning knob, the indexing drive gear drives the rotating disk to rotate preferably 35°-40°. The wedge-shaped rotating flow control blades are preferably retracted by 30%-50% of the shielding area relative to the primary opening, forming a single concentrated opening. The outer ring array conical jet holes remain in a restricted state, forming a concentrated spray structure with the central point jet as the main component. This is suitable for the fixed-point suppression and concentrated spray fire extinguishing of small point source fires, local residual fire points, or single-point high-temperature combustion zones, so as to improve the local fire source coverage intensity and extinguishing efficiency.

[0050] Optionally, in the maximum opening state of the three-stage variable aperture foam jet injector, the indexing drive gear preferably rotates another 35°-40° to make the total rotation angle reach 80°. During this process, the wedge-shaped rotating flow control blades continue to deflect outward along the arc-shaped slide rail and completely retract to the outer peripheral limit position. Under the action of the slide rail positioner, the three-stage positioning is maintained, so that the central opening of the injector reaches the maximum flow cross section. Preferably, the effective opening area of ​​the center reaches 70%-80% of the total cross section of the injector. The outer peripheral blades form a continuous outward expansion guide boundary, thereby forming a fully open jet structure in which the columnar main jet and the peripheral diffusion flow are output in coordination.

[0051] Optionally, the columnar jet maintains strong axial penetration capability under the action of the outer peripheral guiding boundary, producing a significant wide-area diffusion jet effect. Preferably, the jet coverage range formed by the third-level opening is 40%-60% higher than that of the second-level opening, which can form a continuous foam wrapping layer on a large area of ​​high-temperature combustion zone, and improve the synergistic suppression capability on the fire source surface, heat radiation boundary and adjacent spread area. It is suitable for large pool fires, multi-point fire sources and continuous wide-area coverage fire extinguishing scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figure 1 A scene illustration of a barrier-free sensing, demolition, and deformable jet fire extinguishing device for a confined, enclosed fire scene.

[0053] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the dustproof labyrinth panel for the smoke sensor and the hyperbolic spinning cleaning blade structure;

[0054] Figure 3 Flowchart of the self-cleaning and unclogging process for smoke sensors;

[0055] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of pressure differential-eddy current dual-stage self-driven cleaning and gravity unidirectional slag discharge principle;

[0056] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the umbrella rib shearing and expansion linkage demolition device;

[0057] Figure 6 Flowchart of the process for the elastic quick-release locking mechanism of the jaw expansion cutter head;

[0058] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a foam reverse shearing-multi-stage foaming-variant jet device;

[0059] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the opening structure and operating conditions of a variable aperture foam jet injector. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the features and implementation methods of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art.

[0061] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a barrier-free sensing and demolition and deformable jet fire extinguishing device for confined and enclosed fire scenes, comprising three units: a smoke self-cleaning sensing and monitoring unit, a shear-expansion linkage boundary expansion demolition unit, and a foam deformable jet fire control unit. The schematic diagram clearly shows that in a smoldering fire state, a small amount of combustible smoke escapes from the confined space and accumulates near the door and window structures. The smoke self-cleaning sensing and monitoring unit continuously monitors the fire temperature and characteristic gas parameters, triggering a self-cleaning response when the fire risk reaches a preset threshold. The shear-expansion linkage boundary expansion demolition unit expands and demolishes weak boundaries of doors and windows, rapidly opening the fire boundary from a small opening to a large opening. Subsequently, the foam deformable jet fire control unit prepares the foam medium in situ and adjusts the spray pattern to form a foam shield or foam column spray, blocking, enveloping, and suppressing backfire fireballs, deflagration flames, and fire source areas, thereby achieving confined and enclosed fire scene disaster identification, controlled boundary opening, and efficient chain-like fire extinguishing and rescue operations.

[0062] like Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of the dustproof labyrinth panel and the hyperbolic spinning cleaning scraper of the smoke sensor. The differential pressure-eddy current dual-stage self-driving cleaning smoke sensor consists of a protective shell, a dustproof labyrinth panel, a ring-shaped optical panel, multi-parameter measuring points, and a hyperbolic spinning cleaning scraper. Through the smoke flow equalization filter and eddy current channel on the dustproof labyrinth panel, the smoke airflow entering the sensing device is evenly distributed, rectified, and guided by eddies, achieving the effects of separating large smoke particles, reducing airflow turbulence, and generating eddy current force. Combined with the directional airflow design of the central air intake duct, characteristic detection gases, such as CO, CO2, and HCN, are smoothly converged to the core detection area. The gravity-release filter consists of two sets of symmetrically distributed elastic valve plates, which implement unidirectional flow guidance and reverse locking of falling smoke particles, ensuring that particles can only fall downwards into the slag collection chamber, preventing secondary dust and backflow pollution caused by airflow disturbance.

[0063] Optional, such as Figure 2 As shown, the hyperbolic spinning cleaning blades are arranged in two groups around the multi-parameter measuring point layer. The blades adopt a hyperbolic arc structure with higher sides, a lower middle, and the outer side higher than the inner side, with a through-type dust removal channel reserved in the middle. The blades are tightly connected and fitted to the annular optical panel through the fan-shaped spinning groove base, ensuring that the scraping path fully covers the surface of the optical panel. The synergistic effect of the hyperbolic arc contour of the blade itself and the dust removal channel in the middle guides the cleaned dust particles to accumulate along the hyperbolic arc surface of the blade, gather and fall at the dust removal channel, and slide to the inlet of the gravity release filter. Through the unidirectional conduction design of the gravity release filter and the elastic valve plate, the sliding dust particles are guided to be smoothly discharged from the sensing device, thereby effectively avoiding the backflow and secondary accumulation of dust particles.

[0064] like Figure 3The diagram shows the self-cleaning and unclogging process flow of the smoke sensor, divided into three continuous operation stages: clogging, cleaning, and dust removal. In the initial stage of operation, external dust-laden hot flue gas enters the internal chamber through the vortex channel of the dustproof labyrinth panel. Under the constraint of the labyrinth channel, a continuous vortex is formed. Dust particles gradually adhere to the surface of the measuring points in the core detection area due to inertial collisions, boundary layer deposition, and localized low-speed retention. When the deposition reaches a certain level, the local flow cross-section decreases, resulting in a pressure difference ∆P between the inside and outside of the device. Simultaneously, the swirling air field continuously applies a tangential vortex force F to the outer surface of the hyperbolic spinning cleaning blade, causing the hyperbolic spinning cleaning blade to start axial rotation, and the cleaning trajectory covers the core detection area and adjacent measuring point areas.

[0065] Optional, such as Figure 3 As shown, after the dust is scraped off, due to the hyperbolic arc shape of the scraper blade (high at both ends and low in the center), and the height of the outer side being greater than that of the inner side, the scraped dust particles will preferentially converge towards the low-potential area in the center of the scraper blade under the combined action of rotational centrifugal disturbance, particle weight, and surface geometric guidance. They will then slide down the arc surface to the central settling area and be discharged outside the device through the gravity slag release filter. The dust particles will directly fall off and be carried away from the detection area. The gravity slag release filter adopts a unidirectional conduction method of "closed slag inlet and open slag outlet" to guide the settled dust to be discharged directionally from the detection area. This forms a continuous self-cleaning closed-loop workflow of "blockage induction - rotary sweeping trigger - guided settling - slag release discharge".

[0066] Optional, such as Figure 3 The diagram illustrates the principle of pressure differential-eddy current dual-stage self-driven cleaning and gravity unidirectional slag discharge. The multi-parameter fusion decision-making self-driven cleaning algorithm includes a parameter detection unit, a threshold comparison unit, a blockage judgment unit, a self-driven cleaning unit, and a gravity slag discharge unit. The device collects five characteristic parameters in real time: CO concentration, CO2 concentration, HCN concentration, smoke concentration, and temperature. The multi-source data is synchronously input into the core judgment module and compared with preset fire alarm thresholds. When CO ≥ 100 ppm, CO2 ≥ 1000 ppm, HCN ≥ 1 ppm, smoke ≥ 0.1 dB / m, and temperature ≥ 58 ℃, a high-risk fire audible and visual warning is triggered.

[0067] Optional, such as Figure 3As shown, the self-driven cleaning unit and gravity slag discharge unit generate vortex force when the dust-laden airflow passes through the vortex channel. If smoke and dust blockage occurs on the surface of the multi-parameter measuring points, a pressure difference is further formed inside and outside the device. When the coupling effect of the vortex force and the pressure difference reaches or exceeds the 50 Pa driving threshold, the hyperbolic self-rotating cleaning blade rotates clockwise at a speed of 200 r / min under the driving action, performing directional scraping on the multi-parameter measuring points. The smoke and dust particles that are scraped off fall into the gravity slag release filter under their own gravity and the guiding action of the hyperbolic arc structure of the scraper, realizing the removal of blockage and the release of pressure difference. After the blockage is removed, the device automatically returns to the initial position and resumes normal monitoring conditions. If the smoke and dust particles do not block the multi-parameter measuring points, the sensing device maintains the original detection state and continues to perform multi-parameter acquisition and core judgment cycle, thereby realizing the parallel operation of fire early warning function and self-cleaning control function.

[0068] like Figure 5 The diagram shows the structure of an umbrella-rib shearing and expanding linkage demolition device, including a quick-release jaw expansion cutter head, a pivoting main body connecting arm, an umbrella-rib type support mechanism, a spring-return quick-release locking button, a round-headed spring telescopic link, a quick-release locking guide bearing seat for the cutter head, and a quick-release positioning and mounting support seat for the body. The quick-release jaw expansion cutter head has wave-shaped anti-slip rotatable plates and rotatable blade tip expansion plates on both sides; the blade tip has a wedge-shaped penetrating blade tip; the wave-shaped anti-slip rotatable plates use continuous wave-shaped teeth to engage and rub against the component being demolished to improve anti-slip gripping force and suppress rebound, and through rotational contact, it adapts to force, disperses stress, and improves demolition stability; the rotatable blade tip expansion plate, under the support drive or force triggering, flips outwards to form a wedge-shaped expansion force, gradually enlarging the demolition opening and improving the efficiency of prying and splitting; the wedge-shaped penetrating blade tip is used for wedge-shaped introduction to achieve rapid insertion and initial slit positioning, providing a force starting point for subsequent expansion and reducing entry resistance.

[0069] Optional, such as Figure 5 As shown, during the dismantling process, the cutter head is first inserted into the dismantling opening in a closed position and abuts against the hole wall to complete the initial positioning. Then, the smooth sleeve is pulled to extend the telescopic linkage in the first stage, driving the wave-shaped anti-slip rotatable plate to pre-rotate outward and attach to the contact surface, establishing an anti-slip fulcrum and completing the initial opening. With continued force application, the telescopic linkage enters the second stage of its stroke and drives the support rods on both sides to further extend outward. The blade tip expansion plate rotates accordingly to increase the wedging force, causing the dismantling opening to gradually expand under the action of "blade tip prying + anti-slip plate support". The expansion angle and stroke are constrained by the limiting plate to avoid instability. Finally, the mechanism enters the fully extended state, forming a stable triangular force path and maintaining the expansion gap. After the operation is completed, the smooth sleeve is driven in the reverse direction to retract the telescopic linkage and drive the rotatable plate and support rod to reset and close, reducing the risk of jamming and improving the consistency and durability of the action.

[0070] like Figure 6The diagram shows the process flow of the elastic quick-release locking mechanism for the jaw expansion cutter head. The spring-return quick-release locking button includes, along the pressing direction, a button housing, a ball-head pressing drive, a compression return spring, and a guide cavity. The lower part of the guide cavity mates with the quick-release locking guide support seat, forming an arc-shaped guide groove within the support seat. The spherical end of the ball-head pressing drive slides against the arc-shaped guide groove, converting the axial pressing force into a lateral thrust. The lateral thrust linkage axially penetrates the support seat and is linked to the round-headed spring telescopic linkages on both sides. Under elastic action, the round-headed spring telescopic linkages can extend / retract to achieve locking displacement. All components form a coaxial guide assembly through guide sliding and elastic return, making the button pressing stroke controllable and the force transmission path clear. The arc-shaped guide achieves progressive force application and positioning, reducing the risk of jamming and off-center loading, and improving the reliability and reusability of the quick-release locking mechanism.

[0071] Optional, such as Figure 6 As shown, the structure sequentially undergoes initial relaxation, alignment pre-connection, maximum compression, and self-locking during assembly / disassembly. In the initial relaxation state, the return spring is released, the ball-head pressing drive moves upward, and the lateral force transmission link and the two round-head spring telescopic links on both sides maintain the locked position and limit the support seat under elastic action. In the alignment pre-connection state, the component is aligned with the quick-release positioning support seat, and the button is pressed lightly to make the ball end enter the guide area of ​​the arc-shaped guide groove, realizing guidance and pre-retraction. When pressing is continued to the maximum compression state, the spring is compressed, the ball head slides down the arc surface to output lateral thrust, driving the lateral force transmission link to drive the telescopic link to retract synchronously, forming a release space for quick insertion or removal. After releasing the button, it enters the self-locking state, the spring rebounds to reset the drive, and the telescopic link automatically extends and engages with the positioning position to complete self-locking. Through the arc-shaped guide and elastic telescopic cooperation, smooth insertion and removal and stable locking are achieved.

[0072] like Figure 7The diagram shows a schematic of a foam reverse shear-multi-stage foaming-variant jet device. The aqueous medium is introduced into the spinning arc-blade conical guide via the inlet. The water impact effect drives the annular groove and the embedded spinning base to rotate. Under the action of the conical convergence and arc-blade guidance, axial acceleration and circumferential pre-spinning forward transport are formed. A local negative pressure zone is formed in the throat contraction section, causing the foam liquid to be drawn in by the negative pressure self-priming pipe. Simultaneously, air is injected through the air inlet, thus achieving initial mixing of the foam liquid, gas, and aqueous medium. The gas-liquid medium then undergoes further mixing after initial premixing. The foam then enters the swirling shear foaming module and flows vertically along the axial direction into the concentric ring array foam dispersion disk. Under the action of multi-ring refined bubble diffusing, the first-stage gas-liquid premixing foaming is achieved, which initially disperses the large-scale mixed flow into multiple fine bubble streams. The premixed medium continues to flow through the porous baffle reverse shear impeller. Under the combined action of the radial expansion and tangential deflection of the porous blades, collision, reversal and shear coupling effects are formed, which further refine the primary bubble nuclei to complete the second-stage swirling shear foaming. Finally, it is output through the variable aperture foam jetter, realizing the in-situ preparation, stable transport and variable structure injection of the foam medium.

[0073] Optional, such as Figure 7 As shown, the swirling shear foaming module consists of a concentric ring array foam dispersion disk, a porous baffle reverse shear impeller, and a double-swirling torsional ribbon. The concentric ring array foam dispersion disk is positioned at the front along the central axis, allowing the initial gas-liquid premixed medium to pass through multiple concentric ring arrays of refined bubbles, thereby dispersing the large-scale gas-liquid mixture into multiple fine streams and forming primary bubble nuclei, achieving primary gas-liquid premixing foaming. The porous baffle reverse shear impeller is axially spaced at the rear of the concentric ring array foam dispersion disk. The gas-liquid medium, under the action of the preceding swirling flow, first deflects tangentially, then collides and is blocked by the radially expanding blades, passing through the porous blades... The strip-shaped holes generate localized perforated jets and microscale turbulence, thereby performing secondary swirling shearing, collisional bubble breaking, and continuous refinement on the initial bubble clusters. The double-swirling torsion ribbon set on the periphery of the bubble-forming cavity extends axially along the inner wall of the cavity. The gas-liquid medium, after being processed by the dispersion disk and the reverse shear impeller, continues to roll and expand outward, enhancing the participation of the medium in the side wall area in mixing, avoiding the retention of liquid flow at the boundary, and extending the residence path of the gas-liquid medium in the bubble-forming cavity. This creates a continuous and stable swirling shear bubble-forming environment in the bubble-forming cavity, realizing a continuous bubble-forming process from gas-liquid premixing, shearing collision to steady-state transport of the foam medium.

[0074] like Figure 8The diagram shows the opening structure and operating conditions of a variable aperture foam jet injector. By rotating the graded positioning knob, torque is transmitted to the indexing drive gear, causing the rotating disc to rotate circumferentially in stages. Wedge-shaped rotating control blades synchronously open and close within their respective arc-shaped slide rails, and are locked at preset levels by the slide rail positioner, completing the structural control of the foam medium from level one, level two, to level three. At level one, the foam medium forms an annular jet and converges in front to form a hollow foam water shield, suitable for containing and blocking backfire fireballs and deflagration flames. At level two, the foam medium forms a point-like high-momentum foam column, suitable for pinpoint suppression of small point-source fires. At level three, the foam medium forms a columnar main jet, suitable for wide-area coverage extinguishing of large pool fires, multi-point fire sources, and contiguous fire sources.

[0075] Optional, such as Figure 8 As shown, in the first-stage opening of the variable aperture foam jet injector, the wedge-shaped rotating control blades converge towards the center, sealing the central area of ​​the injector while maintaining full connectivity of the outer ring-shaped conical jet orifices. The foam medium undergoes localized convergence and accelerated ejection within the conical channels, creating an axial acceleration effect at the orifice opening and forming an annular jet channel. When the knob continues to rotate to the second-stage positioning, the rotating disk preferably deflects 35°-40° relative to the first-stage opening, and the wedge-shaped rotating control blades move outward synchronously along the arc-shaped slide rail. The central obstruction area preferably decreases by 30%-50%, forming a single concentrated opening in the central area, while the outer ring... The jet orifice transitions to a restricted outflow state, causing the foam medium to converge and accelerate at the center, forming a high-momentum point-like foam column. Upon rotation to the third-stage positioning, the indexing drive gear drives the rotating disk to rotate an additional 35°-40°, bringing the total rotation angle to 80°. The wedge-shaped rotating flow control blades completely retract outwards to the end of the arc-shaped slide rail and remain stable under the limit of the slide rail positioner. The effective opening area at the center preferably reaches 70%-80% of the total cross-section. The foam medium is ejected at a high flow rate from the central area, forming a columnar main jet, producing a significant wide-area diffusion jet effect. This completes the continuous process switching from annular obstruction and point-like concentrated suppression to columnar wide-area coverage.

[0076] The beneficial effects of this invention are that it provides a barrier-free sensing and demolition and deformable jet fire extinguishing device for confined and enclosed fire scenes, realizing barrier-free identification of fire situations in confined and enclosed fire scenes, controlled sequential opening of door and window boundaries, and in-situ preparation of foam medium and deformable jet synergistic treatment. It forms a systematic method of pressure difference-eddy current dual-stage self-driven clean smoke sensing, shear-expansion linkage boundary expansion demolition, and foam reverse shear-multi-stage deformable jet synergistic treatment, which enhances the boundary control and full-area coverage fire extinguishing efficiency under the risk of sudden fire changes such as flashback and re-ignition, and improves the innovative prevention and control level of precise treatment and efficient disaster relief in confined and enclosed fire scenes.

Claims

1. A barrier-free sensing, breaching, and deformable jet fire extinguishing device for confined, enclosed fire scenes, characterized in that: The system includes a smoke self-cleaning sensing and monitoring unit, a shear-expansion linkage boundary expansion and demolition unit, and a foam-modified jet fire control unit. The smoke self-cleaning sensing and monitoring unit includes a pressure difference-eddy current dual-stage self-driven cleaning smoke sensor and uses a multi-parameter fusion decision-making self-driven cleaning algorithm for control. The shear-expansion linkage boundary expansion and demolition unit includes an umbrella-rib shear-expansion linkage demolition device and a jaw expansion cutter head with an elastic quick-release locking structure. The foam-modified jet fire control unit includes a foam medium reverse shear-multi-stage foaming system and a variable aperture foam jet nozzle, used for in-situ preparation and flow pattern adjustment of the foam medium, and switching between different spray modes for full-area fire suppression.

2. The barrier-free sensing, breaching, and deformable jet fire extinguishing device for confined and enclosed fire scenes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The differential pressure-eddy current dual-stage self-driven cleaning smoke sensor consists of a protective shell, a dustproof labyrinth panel, a ring-shaped optical panel, multi-parameter measuring points, and hyperbolic spinning cleaning blades. The dustproof labyrinth panel has two sets located at the air inlet ends of the sensor, including a vortex flow channel, a smoke equalization filter, a central air inlet flue, and a gravity-release filter. The gravity-release filter is controlled by an elastic valve to discharge smoke particles. The hyperbolic spinning cleaning blades are located in two sets circumferentially distributed on the multi-parameter measuring point layer, presenting a hyperbolic arc structure with high ends and low center. They are nested and connected to the ring-shaped optical panel through a fan-shaped spinning groove base.

3. The barrier-free sensing, breaching, and deformable jet fire extinguishing device for confined and enclosed fire scenes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hyperbolic spin cleaning blade is used to clean the measuring points and mesh of the annular optical panel under the impact of airflow. Through the dual forces of the pressure difference ∆P inside and outside the dustproof labyrinth panel and the eddy current force F, the hyperbolic spin cleaning blade is driven to rotate around the annular optical panel along the fan-shaped spin groove base. After being peeled off by the spin cleaning blade, the dust particles fall along the central settling area and are discharged through the gravity slag release filter.

4. The barrier-free sensing, breaching, and deformable jet fire extinguishing device for confined and enclosed fire scenes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-parameter fusion decision-making self-driven cleaning algorithm collects parameters such as CO concentration, CO2 concentration, HCN concentration, smoke concentration, temperature, and disaster-causing limit threshold at the fire scene for scoring and discrimination; the parameter alarm thresholds are set to 100 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1 ppm, 0.1 dB / m, and 58 ℃ respectively; when a single parameter reaches the fire alarm threshold, a high-risk fire audible and visual warning is triggered and uploaded to the monitoring system; when the air pressure difference and eddy force reach the limit threshold, the scraper cleaning-filter dust removal operation is driven.

5. The barrier-free sensing, breaching, and deformable jet fire extinguishing device for confined and enclosed fire scenes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The umbrella-rib shearing and expanding linkage breaking device is characterized by comprising a wave-shaped anti-slip rotatable plate, a rotatable blade tip expansion plate, a wedge-shaped penetrating blade tip, an umbrella-rib type spreading mechanism, and a spring-return quick-release locking button; wherein the wave-shaped anti-slip rotatable plate has a continuous wave-shaped toothed anti-slip profile to provide efficient anti-slip gripping force; the wedge-shaped penetrating blade tip is used for quick insertion and initial positioning; the umbrella-rib type spreading mechanism can switch between a retracted state and a spread state, driving the wave-shaped anti-slip rotatable plate and the blade tip expansion plate to rotate, realizing the gradual expansion and stable support of the breaking opening; the umbrella-rib type spreading mechanism includes a smooth sleeve, a supporting main rod, a telescopic connecting rod, a rod-plate connecting assembly, and a limiting plate.

6. The barrier-free sensing, breaching, and deformable jet fire extinguishing device for confined and enclosed fire scenes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The jaw expansion cutter head elastic quick-release locking structure is characterized by comprising a cutter head quick-release locking guide support, a round-headed spring telescopic connecting rod, a body quick-release positioning and mounting support, an arc-shaped guide groove, a spring-return quick-release locking button, and an embedded strong magnetic self-holding positioning block; the cutter head quick-release locking guide support and the body quick-release positioning and mounting support work together to achieve the switching between a detachable state and a locked state of the cutter head; the spring-return quick-release locking button includes a ball-headed pressing drive and a compression return spring, which can switch between relaxation and tightening, thereby realizing the assembly and disassembly of the cutter head; the embedded strong magnetic self-holding positioning block includes a guide accommodating cavity and a transverse force transmission connecting rod.

7. The barrier-free sensing, breaching, and deformable jet fire extinguishing device for confined and enclosed fire scenes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The foam medium reverse shear-multi-stage foaming system includes a flow guiding premixing module, a swirling shear foaming module, and a rectifying and variable structure injection module; the flow guiding premixing module is equipped with a spin-arc conical flow guide, which realizes the swirling and turbulent acceleration of the aqueous medium in the vortex region through an annular groove; The swirling shear foaming module includes a primary gas-liquid premixing foaming system and a secondary swirling shear foaming system, which induces reverse shear mixing flow of the medium through radial and tangential blades; the rectifying and variable-structure injection module switches the opening range of the variable aperture foam jet through a graded positioning knob, and outputs foam flows with different expansion and shapes.

8. The barrier-free sensing, breaching, and deformable jet fire extinguishing device for confined and enclosed fire scenes according to claim 7, characterized in that, The variable aperture foam jet generator includes a graded positioning knob, an indexing drive gear, an arc-shaped slide rail, a slide rail positioner, a rotating wheel, and wedge-shaped rotating flow control blades. By driving the wedge-shaped rotating flow control blades to deflect in stages along the arc-shaped slide rail, the opening and closing configuration of the annular conical jet is changed. At the first opening, the annular jet forms a hollow foam shield to wrap and block the backfire fireball and deflagration flame. At the second opening, the point jet forms a concentrated foam column to spray and control small point source fires. At the third opening, the jet volume is increased to control large pool fires and wide-area diffusion of multiple fire sources.

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