Bridge expansion device with U-shaped clamping groove type drainage groove structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge engineering, in particular to a bridge expansion device with a U-shaped clamping groove type drainage groove structure, which comprises a driving comb plate and a driven comb plate which are oppositely arranged and meshed with each other, concrete anchoring seats are arranged on the outer sides of the driving comb plate and the driven comb plate respectively, and the bottoms of the driving comb plate and the driven comb plate are connected with the anchoring seats through embedded steel bars to form a whole. A water tank is connected between the fasteners, the water tank is a thin-wall component with a U-shaped section, the edges of the top ends of the two sides of the water tank are clamped into the clamping grooves of the fasteners on the two sides respectively to form suspension type connection, and the water tank is made of an elastic metal material. By arranging the fixing plate and the fastener with the clamping groove and matching with the folding or thickening structure on the edge of the water tank, the water tank becomes an independent optional part, installation on a construction site is more convenient, and during later maintenance or accidental damage, only the old water tank needs to be pulled out of the clamping groove and slides into a new water tank.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge engineering technology, specifically to a bridge expansion joint with a U-shaped slot drainage channel structure. Background Technology

[0002] Bridge expansion joints are important functional components in the superstructure of bridges. They are installed between beam ends or between beam ends and abutments. Their main function is to accommodate longitudinal, lateral, and vertical displacements caused by temperature changes, concrete shrinkage and creep, and loads, while ensuring that vehicles pass smoothly over the bridge deck.

[0003] Currently, conventional bridge expansion joints mainly include modular expansion joints and comb-plate expansion joints. Modular expansion joints typically rely on rubber waterstops for waterproofing and utilize rubber elastic elements for support; comb-plate expansion joints fix the plates with bolts and have a waterproof layer at the bottom. These traditional devices have been widely used in long-term engineering practice and constitute the mainstream of existing technology.

[0004] However, existing technologies have significant technical drawbacks. First, rubber materials are prone to aging and hardening in natural environments, with a service life typically of only about 8 years. They are also easily punctured by road debris, leading to leaks and subsequent corrosion of the bridge substructure. Second, the anchorage area of ​​traditional expansion joints is prone to stress concentration due to concrete shrinkage or construction errors, resulting in concrete cracking and side beam fracture. Third, the bolts of comb-plate type devices are easily loosened under high-frequency vehicle vibrations, often requiring traffic closures and concrete removal for maintenance, which is not only time-consuming and costly but also severely impacts traffic efficiency. Finally, existing drainage structures are mostly closed or shallow, making them prone to silt accumulation and difficult to clean, increasing the risk of expansion joint jamming or waterstop damage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a bridge expansion joint with a U-shaped groove drainage channel structure, which solves the problems of easy aging of traditional rubber waterstops, easy loosening of bolts, poor drainage, and difficult maintenance.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a bridge expansion joint with a U-shaped slot-type drainage channel structure, comprising: Active comb plate and driven comb plate are arranged opposite to each other, with their top surfaces serving as the bearing surface of the vehicle, and their opposite sides having a comb tooth structure that interlocks with each other. Concrete anchorage seat one and concrete anchorage seat two are respectively located on the outside of the active comb plate and the driven comb plate, and are used to anchor the expansion joint to the beam or abutment. Pre-embedded steel bars one and two are fixedly connected to the bottom of the active comb plate and the driven comb plate, respectively, and extend into the corresponding concrete anchorage. Two fixing plates are vertically fixedly installed on the bottom inner sides of the active comb plate and the driven comb plate, respectively. Fasteners are fixed longitudinally on the opposite inner sides of the fixing plate, and the fasteners have inward slots or openings. A water trough is connected between the fasteners. The water trough is a thin-walled component with a U-shaped cross-section. The top edges of the two sides of the water trough are respectively inserted into the slots of the fasteners on both sides to form a suspended connection. The water tank is made of a flexible metal material, which can elastically open and close with the relative displacement of the active comb plate and the driven comb plate.

[0007] Preferably, the edge of the water tank is folded outward or thickened to form a snap-fit ​​portion, which is detachably embedded in the slot space of the fastener.

[0008] Preferably, the water tank is made of 304 stainless steel and has a wall thickness of 0.5mm to 2mm; When the wall thickness of the water tank is 0.5mm, the U-shaped height of the water tank is set to be above 20cm; When the wall thickness of the water tank is 2mm, the U-shaped height of the water tank is set to be above 30cm.

[0009] Preferably, both the first and second embedded steel bars are portal steel bars, which are welded with the transverse steel bars to form a steel cage frame and poured into the concrete of the first and second concrete anchor seats.

[0010] Preferably, both the active comb plate and the driven comb plate are made of Q355D low-alloy high-strength structural steel; the bottom of the driven comb plate is also fixedly provided with a sliding plate, which extends toward the active comb plate and slides in cooperation with the bottom of the active comb plate or a support member provided at its bottom, for bearing the vehicle wheel load.

[0011] Preferably, the water trough is installed with a slope along the transverse direction of the bridge to drain rainwater and sediment that fall into the trough to the outside of the bridge or into the bridge drainage system; the water trough is composed of several segments spliced ​​together along the width of the bridge, and adjacent segments are connected by overlapping, sealing adhesive or riveting.

[0012] Preferably, the water tank is suspended, and its bottom does not contact the bridge beam, relying on its own elastic deformation to adapt to the expansion and contraction displacement of the expansion joint.

[0013] Preferably, the fastener is a long strip structure, arranged along the entire length of the fixing plate, or arranged intermittently along the fixing plate.

[0014] Working principle: When a vehicle passes through a bridge expansion joint, the wheels directly act on the top surfaces of the active and driven comb plates. These two comb plates are made of high-strength Q355D steel, capable of withstanding enormous vertical wheel loads and horizontal braking forces. When the bridge experiences longitudinal displacement due to temperature changes or concrete creep, the beam end spacing changes. At this time, the comb teeth of the active and driven comb plates slide relative to each other while in engagement. The sliding plate at the bottom of the driven comb plate maintains sliding contact with the bottom of the active comb plate, thus both assisting in supporting the wheel load and limiting the vertical displacement of the comb plates, ensuring a flat road surface and preventing vehicle bouncing.

[0015] The impact and vibration forces generated by vehicle movement are transmitted to the pre-embedded reinforcing bars at the bottom through the comb-tooth plate. Because the portal reinforcement and transverse reinforcement are welded together to form a stable reinforcing cage frame, which is then firmly cast into the concrete anchorage, these forces are ultimately evenly distributed and transferred to the bridge beam or abutment structure. This frame-type anchorage structure changes the traditional single-bolt stress state, preventing cracking of the concrete in the anchorage zone due to stress concentration.

[0016] The stainless steel U-shaped water channel is suspended from the fastener slots on the fixed plate via a snap-fit ​​part at its top edge, with the bottom of the channel suspended and not in contact with the beam. When the beam expands or contracts, causing the comb plate to move, the fixed plate and fasteners move accordingly. This forces a change in the opening width at the top of the U-shaped water channel. Under stress, the water channel undergoes elastic bending deformation similar to a spring. The stress generated by this deformation is always controlled within the elastic range of the material. Therefore, the water channel can open and close an unlimited number of times with the expansion and contraction of the bridge without plastic deformation or fatigue fracture, thus achieving a permanent seal and completely solving the problem of easy aging and breakage of rubber waterstops.

[0017] Rainwater from the road surface falls through the gaps between the teeth of the comb plate and directly into the U-shaped water channel below. Because the water channel was installed with a slope along the transverse direction of the bridge, rainwater flows rapidly to lower areas under gravity, eventually draining outside the bridge or flowing into the bridge's drainage system. Furthermore, the smooth surface of the 304 stainless steel and the U-shaped structure of the water channel prevent the accumulation of mud and sand. The vibrations and negative air pressure generated by vehicle traffic, combined with the scouring effect of the water flow, carry away any trace amounts of mud and sand that fall into the gaps, achieving a self-cleaning function and preventing the expansion joint from jamming due to mud and sand accumulation.

[0018] This invention provides a bridge expansion joint with a U-shaped slot-type drainage channel structure. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention adopts an all-steel structure design, especially using a U-shaped water trough made of 304 stainless steel to replace the traditional rubber waterstop, which completely eliminates the risk of waterstop failure caused by rubber aging; at the same time, the active comb plate and the driven comb plate are made of Q355D low alloy high-strength structural steel, and the overall structure has no easily aging parts, which greatly extends the design service life of the device, and theoretically can achieve the long service life requirement of the same life as the main structure of the bridge.

[0019] 2. This invention achieves a suspended snap-fit ​​installation of the sink by setting a fixing plate and a fastener with a slot, and by combining the folding or thickening structure of the sink edge. This connection method eliminates the traditional bolt connection or complex pressure plate connection, making the sink an independent optional accessory. It is more convenient to install on the construction site, and in the event of later maintenance or accidental damage, you only need to pull the old sink out of the slot and slide it into the new sink. There is no need to remove the concrete, which greatly reduces maintenance costs and traffic impact.

[0020] 3. This invention ensures that the water trough remains within the elastic deformation range during the expansion and contraction of the expansion joint by precisely matching the wall thickness and height of the U-shaped water trough. Under the specified expansion and contraction, the maximum stress of the water trough is much less than the fatigue stress amplitude of the material, ensuring that the water trough will not undergo plastic deformation or fatigue fracture during repeated stretching and compression, thereby ensuring the long-term reliability of the water-stop structure.

[0021] 4. This invention, by designing the water channel as a suspended U-shaped structure and setting a slope along the transverse direction of the bridge, combined with a smooth stainless steel surface, gives the device excellent self-cleaning function; the small amount of rainwater and silt falling into the joint can be quickly discharged outside the bridge or flow into the drainage system along the transverse slope, and the wind force and negative pressure during vehicle traffic help to carry away the silt, solving the problem that traditional expansion joints are prone to sand accumulation, and even the expansion and contraction are hindered by sand accumulation. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the present invention.

[0023] Among them, 1. Active comb plate; 2. Driven comb plate; 3. Concrete anchor seat one; 4. Concrete anchor seat two; 5. Embedded steel bar one; 6. Embedded steel bar two; 7. Fixing plate; 8. Water tank; 9. Fastener; 10. Slide plate. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1: like Figure 1-2 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a bridge expansion joint with a U-shaped slot drainage channel structure, which mainly consists of a core load-bearing component, an anchoring system, and a water-stopping and drainage system.

[0026] Regarding the load-bearing components, the device includes an active comb plate 1 and a driven comb plate 2 arranged opposite each other. Both are made of Q355D low-alloy high-strength structural steel, possessing excellent wear resistance and impact resistance. The top surfaces of the active comb plate 1 and the driven comb plate 2 are flush, forming the load-bearing surface of the vehicle. Their opposite sides are machined into a comb-like shape, interlocking to accommodate the longitudinal expansion and contraction deformation of the bridge. Figure 2 As shown, a sliding plate 10 is welded to the bottom of the driven comb plate 2. The sliding plate 10 extends downwards from the driven comb plate 1, which not only serves to bear the wheel load, but also restricts vertical displacement through sliding cooperation, thus ensuring the smoothness of the ride.

[0027] Regarding anchoring systems, such as Figure 1 As shown, a concrete anchorage seat 3 is provided on the outer side of the active comb plate 1, and a concrete anchorage seat 4 is provided on the outer side of the driven comb plate 2. To enhance the anchoring effect, a pre-embedded steel bar 5 is welded to the bottom of the active comb plate 1, and a pre-embedded steel bar 6 is welded to the bottom of the driven comb plate 2. Both the pre-embedded steel bar 5 and the pre-embedded steel bar 6 are designed as portal steel bars. During construction, these portal steel bars are welded with the transverse steel bars (not shown) to form a stable steel cage frame, and then concrete is poured to make the expansion joint form an integral whole with the beam or abutment, effectively resisting the impact of vehicle loads and preventing loosening.

[0028] In terms of water-stopping and drainage systems, such as Figure 2 As shown, fixing plates 7 are vertically welded to the inner bottom sides of the active comb plate 1 and the driven comb plate 2, respectively. Fasteners 9 are welded to the inner sides of the two fixing plates 7 respectively. In this embodiment, the fasteners 9 are long strip-shaped claw structures made of stainless steel, which form an inward U-shaped / C-shaped slot space with the fixing plates 7.

[0029] The sink 8 is made of 304 stainless steel sheet, cold-bent into a deep U-shaped cross-section. The top edges on both sides of the sink 8 are folded outward to form hook-shaped locking parts. During installation, simply slide the locking parts of the sink 8 longitudinally into or snap them into the slots of the fastener 9 to form a hanging connection. This connection method requires no bolts, is quick to install, and avoids the problem of bolts rusting and jamming.

[0030] Example 2: This invention provides an optimized design for the parameters of a water tank. This embodiment focuses on the dimensional parameter design of water tank 8 to ensure that it is in the elastic deformation stage during expansion and contraction. Reference stress calculation data are shown in the table below: When the expansion joint is designed for small deformation and a plate with high stiffness is selected, the wall thickness of water tank 8 is 2mm. In this case, to reduce stiffness and thus stress, the U-shaped height of water tank 8 is designed to be ≥30cm. According to finite element analysis, at this height, the maximum stress can be controlled within 327MPa (extreme working condition) when the expansion and contraction changes, and the stress under normal working conditions is ≤150MPa, which meets the fatigue design requirements.

[0031] When the telescopic device is designed for normal deformation and to achieve better flexibility, the wall thickness of the water tank 8 is selected as 0.5mm. In this case, the U-shaped height of the water tank 8 is designed to be ≥20cm. Calculations show that under these parameters, the maximum stress is only between approximately 82MPa and 238MPa, far below the yield strength of stainless steel, ensuring that the deformation of the water tank is a completely elastic deformation, capable of withstanding repeated tension and compression without damage.

[0032] When the bridge shifts, the distance between the active comb plate 1 and the driven comb plate 2 changes, causing the upper opening of the water trough 8 to open and close via the fixed plate 7. Since the bottom of the water trough 8 is suspended and does not contact the beam, and has sufficient height and reasonable wall thickness, its cross-sectional shape will undergo a gradual elastic change (widening or narrowing) to accommodate the displacement of the expansion joint.

[0033] Example 3: During installation, the water trough 8 is tilted at an appropriate angle according to the cross slope of the bridge deck. Rainwater falls into the U-shaped water trough 8 through the gaps in the comb plate, quickly collects, and flows to the lower side of the bridge for discharge. Because the surface of the water trough 8 is smooth and made of stainless steel, trace amounts of mud and sand do not easily adhere to it.

[0034] When the water tank 8 is accidentally damaged (such as by being punctured by a falling sharp heavy object) or reaches the end of its service life and needs to be replaced, maintenance personnel do not need to damage the road surface. They only need to clean the debris in the joint, pull the old water tank out of the fastener 9 from the side of the beam end, and slide the new water tank in along the guide rail of the fastener 9 to complete the replacement, thus achieving truly light maintenance.

[0035] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A bridge expansion joint with a U-shaped slot-type drainage channel structure, characterized in that, include: Active comb plate (1) and driven comb plate (2) are arranged opposite to each other, with their top surfaces serving as the vehicle bearing surfaces, and their opposite sides having interlocking comb tooth structures. Concrete anchorage 1 (3) and concrete anchorage 2 (4) are respectively set on the outside of the active comb plate (1) and the driven comb plate (2) to anchor the expansion joint to the beam or abutment. Pre-embedded steel bar 1 (5) and pre-embedded steel bar 2 (6) are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the active comb plate (1) and the driven comb plate (2) and extend into the corresponding concrete anchor seat; Two fixing plates (7) are vertically fixedly installed on the bottom inner sides of the active comb plate (1) and the driven comb plate (2), respectively; Fasteners (9) are fixedly provided longitudinally on the inner sides of the opposite sides of the fixing plate (7), and the fasteners (9) have inward slots or openings; A water trough (8) is connected between the fasteners (9). The water trough (8) is a thin-walled component with a U-shaped cross section. The top edges of the two sides of the water trough (8) are respectively inserted into the slots of the fasteners (9) on both sides to form a suspended connection. The water tank (8) is made of elastic metal material and can elastically open and close with the relative displacement of the active comb plate (1) and the driven comb plate (2).

2. A bridge expansion joint with a U-shaped slot drainage channel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The edge of the water tank (8) is folded outward or thickened to form a snap-fit ​​part, which is detachably embedded in the slot space of the fastener (9).

3. A bridge expansion joint with a U-shaped slot drainage channel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water tank (8) is made of 304 stainless steel and has a wall thickness of 0.5mm to 2mm. When the wall thickness of the water tank (8) is 0.5mm, the U-shaped height of the water tank (8) is set to be above 20cm; When the wall thickness of the water tank (8) is 2mm, the U-shaped height of the water tank (8) is set above 30cm.

4. A bridge expansion joint with a U-shaped slot drainage channel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first embedded steel bar (5) and the second embedded steel bar (6) are both portal steel bars. The portal steel bars are welded with the transverse steel bars to form a steel cage frame, and are poured into the concrete of the first concrete anchor seat (3) and the second concrete anchor seat (4).

5. A bridge expansion joint with a U-shaped slot drainage channel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the active comb plate (1) and the driven comb plate (2) are made of Q355D low alloy high strength structural steel. The bottom of the driven comb plate (2) is also fixedly provided with a sliding plate (10). The sliding plate (10) extends to one side of the active comb plate (1) and slides in cooperation with the bottom of the active comb plate (1) or the support provided at its bottom, for bearing the vehicle wheel load.

6. A bridge expansion joint with a U-shaped slot drainage channel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water trough (8) is installed with a slope along the transverse direction of the bridge to drain rainwater and silt into the water trough (8) to the outside of the bridge or into the bridge drainage system. The water trough (8) is made up of several segments spliced ​​together along the width of the bridge. Adjacent segments are connected by overlapping, sealing glue or riveting.

7. A bridge expansion joint with a U-shaped slot drainage channel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water tank (8) is suspended and its bottom does not contact the bridge beam. It adapts to the expansion and contraction displacement of the expansion joint by its own elastic deformation.

8. A bridge expansion joint with a U-shaped slot drainage channel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fastener (9) is a long strip structure, arranged along the entire length of the fixing plate (7), or intermittently arranged along the fixing plate (7).

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