Optimization method suitable for capacity configuration of new energy hydrogen production system

Abstract

The invention discloses an optimization method suitable for capacity configuration of a new energy hydrogen production system, and the method comprises the steps: collecting parameters of equipment, setting a boundary condition, inputting the parameters and the boundary condition into a reference alternative scheme optimization model, and obtaining an optimization configuration scale value of each piece of equipment; the parameters, the boundary conditions and the obtained optimal configuration scale values of all the devices are input into a production operation simulation optimization model, target function optimization under constraint conditions is achieved through optimization variables, and the variables are the on-off states and the operation positions of all the devices at each moment. According to the method, the problem of coordinated configuration of various devices in early planning of the new energy hydrogen production system is solved, the problems of device configuration redundancy or substandard operation indexes caused by incoordinated configuration of various devices are avoided, the accuracy and reliability of the new energy hydrogen production system scheme can be effectively improved, and meanwhile, the system operation efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy hydrogen production technology, and specifically to an optimization method for the capacity configuration of new energy hydrogen production systems. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy, as a new type of energy, can be applied to deep decarbonization in multiple fields such as energy, transportation, industry, and construction, and will become one of the important carriers for global energy transition and development in the future. Hydrogen is difficult to extract in large quantities directly from nature and must be produced using different technological pathways and production processes. Based on different sources, hydrogen is classified into gray hydrogen, blue hydrogen, green hydrogen, and powder hydrogen. Gray hydrogen comes from fossil fuels and has relatively high carbon emissions; green hydrogen is powered by renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic power, wind power, and hydropower, and can achieve zero carbon emissions through direct electrolysis, but its cost is relatively high.

[0003] In new energy hydrogen production, the larger the scale of hydrogen production and storage, the higher the utilization rate of wind power and photovoltaic power generation, but the construction cost of the project will also increase. Therefore, how to coordinate and meet the requirements of multiple objectives such as economy, efficiency and environmental protection, avoid system configuration redundancy and improve system operating efficiency is one of the urgent problems to be solved.

[0004] Currently, many domestic and foreign scholars' research on wind-solar-hydrogen energy systems mainly focuses on model building and control strategies. There is relatively little research on capacity configuration optimization, and most of them adopt energy balance methods or optimization planning for single devices, failing to take into account the overall capacity configuration optimization of the system and related operating characteristics. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides an optimization method for the capacity configuration of new energy hydrogen production systems, which can effectively improve the accuracy and reliability of new energy hydrogen production system solutions and increase system operating efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an optimization method for capacity configuration of new energy hydrogen production systems, as detailed below: 1) Collect device parameters and set boundary conditions The equipment includes new energy sources, hydrogen production equipment, electric energy storage, electric load, hydrogen storage spherical tanks, conventional units and external power grids. The parameters of the equipment include operating parameters and economic parameters. Boundary conditions include: operational boundary curve data, upper and lower limits of the capacity configuration optimization calculation scale of the basic alternative scheme, and relevant constraints on system operation indicators; 2) Input the parameters and boundary conditions of step 1) into the base selection scheme optimization model to obtain the optimized configuration scale value of each device. The optimized configuration scale value of each device includes the new energy scale value, hydrogen production equipment scale value, electric energy storage scale value, electric load scale value, hydrogen storage spherical tank scale value and conventional unit scale value. 3) Input the parameters, boundary conditions and optimized configuration scale values ​​of each device obtained in step 1) into the production operation simulation optimization model, and optimize the objective function under the constraints by optimizing variables. The variables are the on / off state and operating position of each device at each moment.

[0007] Furthermore, in step 1), the parameters of the new energy include: unit cost, average annual personnel wage cost, average annual minor repair cost, minor repair frequency, average annual major repair cost, major repair frequency, and average annual other costs. The parameters of hydrogen production equipment include: cost per unit of hydrogen production, energy consumption per unit of hydrogen production, minimum rated hydrogen production ratio, maximum rated hydrogen production ratio, ramp rate, landslide rate, minimum continuous start-up time, minimum continuous shutdown time, start-up cost, shutdown cost, average annual personnel wage cost, average annual minor repair cost, minor repair frequency, average annual major repair cost, major repair frequency, and average annual other costs. The parameters of electric energy storage include: cost per unit power, cost per unit capacity, capacity-to-power ratio, minimum charging ratio, maximum charging ratio, charge / discharge efficiency, average annual personnel wages, average annual minor repair costs, minor repair frequency, average annual major repair costs, major repair frequency, and average annual other costs. The parameters of electrical load include: electricity price, minimum load, and maximum load; The parameters of hydrogen storage spherical tanks include: cost per unit hydrogen storage flow rate, cost per unit hydrogen storage capacity, capacity-to-flow ratio, single-sided filling and discharging efficiency, average annual personnel wage cost, average annual minor repair cost, minor repair frequency, average annual major repair cost, major repair frequency, and average annual other costs. The parameters of a conventional generating unit include: unit cost, minimum technical output ratio, maximum output ratio, ramp rate, landslide rate, minimum continuous start-up time, minimum continuous shutdown time, start-up cost, shutdown cost, maximum number of start-ups and shutdowns, variable cost, average annual personnel wages, average annual minor repair cost, minor repair frequency, average annual major repair cost, major repair frequency, and average annual other costs. The parameters of the external power grid include electricity price, power grid type, minimum exchange load, maximum exchange load, cumulative minimum exchange volume, and cumulative maximum exchange volume.

[0008] Furthermore, in step 1), the boundary curve data includes: The 8760-hour curve data for new energy sources uses normalized values ​​to represent the output rate of new energy sources at that moment. Hydrogen production curve data for 8760 hours, using absolute values ​​to represent the hydrogen production demand at that moment; Electricity load curve data over 8760 hours, data are in absolute values; The upper and lower limits of the capacity configuration optimization computing scale data include: Minimum and maximum scale of new energy configuration; Minimum and maximum hydrogen production capacity of hydrogen production equipment; Minimum power, maximum power, minimum capacity, and maximum capacity of electric energy storage; Minimum design hydrogen storage flow rate, maximum design hydrogen storage flow rate, minimum design hydrogen storage capacity, and maximum design hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage spherical tank; Minimum and maximum installed capacity of conventional generating units; The relevant constraints on system performance indicators include: Hydrogen sales price; Constraints on the curtailment rate of renewable energy.

[0009] Furthermore, the specific optimization model for the basic selection scheme in step 2) is as follows: The objective function of the new energy hydrogen production system is: In the formula, This indicates the economic viability of new energy hydrogen production systems. , , These represent the revenue, investment, and cost of a new energy hydrogen production system, respectively. in: In the formula, Indicates the first A load in Electricity price based on time period load. Indicates the first A load in Electricity consumption during a given time period; Indicates the first One hydrogen production group in Hydrogen price during the period, Indicates the first One hydrogen production group in Hydrogen production during a given period; In the formula, Indicates the first Class of devices Unit investment of each piece of equipment Indicates the first Class of devices The configuration scale of each device This indicates the number of years of operation for a new energy hydrogen production project; In the formula, Indicates the first Class of devices Annual expenses of a type of fixed cost item, Indicates the first Class of devices The unit annual cost of each variable cost item; The constraints are: Hydrogen production equipment operating power constraints In the formula, This indicates the equivalent of a single hydrogen production unit in Operating power at any given time; This is the rated power of an equivalent single hydrogen production unit; The minimum power operating limit coefficient for an equivalent single hydrogen production unit; This represents the maximum power operating limit coefficient for an equivalent single hydrogen production unit; Hydrogen production equipment power ramp-up constraints When the hydrogen production equipment is equivalent to a single unit, it is always in a warm-state state of being turned on. Its power ramp-up constraint is expressed as: In the formula, Indicates a time interval; These represent the uphill and downhill ramp rates of an equivalent single hydrogen production unit at temperature. Hydrogen supply constraints For a stable hydrogen supply state, the operating constraints are expressed as follows: In the formula, This indicates the equivalent of a single hydrogen production unit in Hydrogen production at any given time; This indicates the equivalent of a single hydrogen storage spherical tank in The gas supply at any given time is indicated by a positive value for gas supply and a negative value for gas storage. For unstable hydrogen supply conditions, the operating constraints are expressed as follows: This indicates the maximum total hydrogen production demand within the cycle. Conventional unit related constraints for Total output power of conventional units at any given time ,have: In the formula, Indicates the equivalent single conventional unit in Efforts made at all times; The output of the equivalent conventional unit should be within its maximum and minimum output range; therefore, this constraint is described as follows: In the formula, and These represent the minimum and maximum technical output of the equivalent conventional unit, respectively. Considering the ramp-up capability of an equivalent conventional unit, there are constraints: In the formula, This represents the maximum ramp rate of an equivalent conventional unit. This represents the maximum downhill ramp rate of an equivalent conventional unit. Hydrogen storage spherical tank constraint Considering the maximum power constraint, hydrogen storage capacity constraint, and hydrogen storage time-series constraint of the hydrogen storage spherical tank, we have: In the formula, This indicates the maximum hydrogen flow rate of the hydrogen storage spherical tank. Indicates that the hydrogen storage spherical tank is in The amount of gas stored at any given time. This indicates the maximum gas storage capacity of the hydrogen storage spherical tank. This indicates the initial gas storage capacity of the hydrogen storage spherical tank at time 0. This indicates the filling (venting) efficiency of the hydrogen storage spherical tank, and has... ; Power balance constraints For new energy hydrogen production systems, real-time power balance requirements must be met. Therefore, the power balance constraint is expressed as: In the formula, Indicates electrical load exist The power at any given time is a fixed value; Indicates in Total power output of new energy sources at any given time; Indicates in Total output power of conventional units at any given time; It represents the power of energy storage; a positive value indicates discharging, and a negative value indicates charging. Indicates in The amount of renewable energy power curtailed at any given time; Indicates in The power exchanged between the power grid and the grid at any given time indicates that the power grid supplies electricity to the new energy hydrogen production system, while a negative value indicates that the new energy hydrogen production system supplies electricity to the grid. Constraints on the curtailment rate of renewable energy sources In the formula, This indicates the cumulative amount of electricity abandoned by new energy sources. This indicates the cumulative electricity generated by new energy sources; This indicates the limit for the curtailment rate of renewable energy. Energy storage operation constraints include In the formula, Indicates the rated power of energy storage. Indicates energy storage The amount of stored power at any time, Indicates the maximum capacity of energy storage. This represents the initial charge of the energy storage at time 0. This indicates the charging (discharging) efficiency of energy storage, and has... ; Power exchange constraints of power grid The exchange between the new energy hydrogen production system and the power grid can be divided into two levels: one is the maximum exchangeable power constraint of the line transmission capacity or related requirements, and the other is the overall power exchange constraint. The power exchange constraint needs to consider the total amount constraint and the cumulative power constraint in one direction, whether it is connected to the grid or disconnected from the grid. For the maximum exchangeable power constraint, we have In the formula, , These represent the new energy hydrogen production system and the power grid, respectively. The maximum and minimum power exchange of the interconnection lines, with the power supply from the grid to the new energy hydrogen production system being the positive reference direction; For the constraints of energy exchange, we have In the formula, These represent the new energy hydrogen production system and the power grid, respectively. Maximum net power exchange limit; Indicates the direction of power exchange, and has ; This indicates the connection between new energy hydrogen production systems and the power grid. Cumulative exchange power limit; This indicates that the new energy hydrogen production system accepts grid power. Cumulative limit on grid power supply; This indicates that the new energy hydrogen production system supplies power to the grid. The cumulative limit on the amount of electricity supplied to the grid.

[0010] Furthermore, the specific process of solving the production operation simulation optimization model in step 3) is as follows: 31) Input data, initialize variables, and calculate the objective function value in the initial state; 32) Adjust and optimize variables; 33) Determine if the relevant constraints are met. If they are met, proceed to 34); otherwise, proceed to 37). 34) Calculate the objective function after adjusting and optimizing the variables, and compare it with the previous calculation result; 35) Determine if the difference is less than the GAP value. If it is less, proceed to step 36; if it is not less, proceed to step 37. 36) Output the results, and the process ends; 37) Calculate and optimize the gradient direction, then proceed to step 32). In step 32), adjust the variables according to the gradient direction.

[0011] Furthermore, the production operation simulation optimization model in step 3) is as follows: objective function The objective function of the production operation simulation optimization model is consistent with the objective function of the baseline alternative optimization model, which is to Constraints Hydrogen production equipment operating power constraints The hydrogen production equipment configured in the project adjusts its power within the upper and lower limits. Therefore, for the hydrogen production equipment... , its in The operating power constraint at time t is expressed as: In the formula, Indicates hydrogen production equipment exist Operating power at any given time; For hydrogen production equipment Rated power; Indicates hydrogen production equipment The device is powered on and has ; This represents the minimum power operating limit coefficient for hydrogen production equipment. This represents the upper limit coefficient for the maximum power operation of hydrogen production equipment; Hydrogen production equipment power ramp-up constraints In the formula, Indicates a time interval; Parameters for judging the status of hydrogen production equipment, and have ; , These represent hydrogen production equipment. The rate of ascent and descent in cold and warm conditions; Hydrogen supply constraints For a stable hydrogen supply state, the operating constraints are expressed as follows: In the formula, Indicates hydrogen production equipment exist Hydrogen production at any given time; This indicates that the entire new energy hydrogen production system is in A constant state of work, and has This formula indicates that if at least one hydrogen production unit is turned on, the entire system is in operation; otherwise, it is turned off. Indicates hydrogen storage spherical tank exist The gas supply at any given time is indicated by a positive value for gas supply and a negative value for gas storage. Indicates the number of hydrogen storage spherical tanks; This represents the stable hydrogen production demand for each time period, and is a constant. It represents the number of hours of stable hydrogen production within a cycle and is a constant. For unstable hydrogen supply conditions, the operating constraints are expressed as follows: It represents the maximum total hydrogen production demand within the cycle and is a constant. Output constraints of conventional units The unit's output should be within its maximum and minimum output range; therefore, this constraint is described as follows: In the formula, Indicates conventional units exist The status at any given moment: 1 indicates power on, 0 indicates power off; and These represent the unit's minimum technical output and maximum output, respectively. Conventional unit ramping constraints Considering the ramp-up capability of conventional units, there are constraints: In the formula, For conventional units Maximum uphill speed For conventional units Maximum downhill / climb rate; Minimum continuous start-up and shutdown time constraints for conventional units Due to the physical properties and actual operational requirements of conventional thermal power units, the units are required to meet a minimum continuous start-up / shutdown time; the minimum continuous start-up / shutdown time constraint is described as follows: In the formula: , These are the minimum continuous start-up time and minimum continuous shutdown time for conventional generating units. , For the unit exist The continuous uptime and continuous downtime of the unit are represented by unit state variables, namely: .

[0012] 1) This invention addresses the practical problem of capacity configuration planning optimization for new energy hydrogen production systems. It decomposes the problem into two major stages: basic preliminary scheme optimization calculation and production operation simulation calculation. It enables rapid determination of equipment scale schemes and detailed operation simulation verification of the schemes, respectively. It takes into account both the high-efficiency calculation requirements of the equipment scale scheme formulation stage and the detailed analysis requirements of the equipment scale scheme verification stage. The basic preliminary scheme optimization calculation time is within 1 minute, and the production operation simulation calculation can calculate 8760 hours of production operation simulation optimization within 15 minutes, which can better meet the work requirements of the early planning stage of the project.

[0013] 2) This invention constructs a basic alternative scheme optimization model and a production operation simulation model. Both models aim for optimal economic efficiency. Simplified equipment models are built to meet different needs, facilitating rapid determination of basic alternative schemes and providing detailed equipment models for user production simulation calculations. Both models can coordinate the scale of new energy sources, hydrogen production equipment, hydrogen storage tanks, electric energy storage, power grid, and conventional units, as well as the operational relationships between them, avoiding poor economic performance or failure to meet relevant operational indicators due to redundant equipment configuration. Through reasonable equipment configuration and detailed production simulation, the overall system operation can be objectively reflected, improving equipment utilization efficiency, enhancing the economics of the new energy hydrogen production system, and generating significant socio-economic benefits.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention solves the problem of coordinating and configuring various equipment in the early planning of new energy hydrogen production systems, avoids problems such as equipment redundancy or failure to meet operating indicators caused by the incoordination of various equipment configurations, and can effectively improve the accuracy and reliability of new energy hydrogen production system schemes, while improving the efficiency of system operation. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0016] New energy refers to renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics.

[0017] Hydrogen production system: A system that converts electrical energy into hydrogen through hydrogen production equipment, hydrogen storage tanks and other devices. The main equipment typically includes: wind power, photovoltaic power, hydrogen production equipment, electric energy storage, electric load, hydrogen storage tanks, conventional units, etc.

[0018] Hydrogen production equipment: Hydrogen production equipment refers to equipment that converts electrical power and other raw materials into hydrogen. Common hydrogen production equipment includes alkaline, PEM, AEM, SOEC, etc.

[0019] Electrical load: refers to the electrical load in the non-hydrogen production links of the hydrogen production system. It is a fixed load rather than a regulating load, mainly representing the security load of the hydrogen production system and other electrical loads of the system.

[0020] Capacity configuration planning: refers to the planning and verification of various equipment in a new energy hydrogen production system through reasonable methods.

[0021] The present invention provides an optimization method for the capacity configuration of new energy hydrogen production systems, comprising the following steps: First, inputting the basic parameters of the equipment involved in the new energy hydrogen production system, including economic parameters, operating parameters, and related constraints; then, inputting the boundary curves involved in the operation of the new energy hydrogen production system and the related constraints for optimized operation; next, constructing a basic alternative scheme optimization model, which aims for optimal economic efficiency, uses simplified equipment models and system operating characteristics as constraints, and still performs long-term time-series simulation optimization to quickly obtain the optimized scale of each piece of equipment, and further clarifies the basic alternative schemes based on actual conditions; fourth, constructing a production operation simulation optimization model, which, under the premise of determined equipment scale, aims for optimal economic efficiency, uses complete equipment models and system operating characteristics as constraints, and performs long-term time-series simulation optimization to fully obtain the operating characteristics of each piece of equipment, forming an 8760-hour time-series operation curve; finally, outputting and saving the index results and related curves of the basic alternative scheme optimization and production operation simulation. The specific steps of the present invention are as follows: 1) Collect device parameters and set boundary conditions The equipment includes new energy sources, hydrogen production equipment, electric energy storage, electric load, hydrogen storage spherical tanks, conventional units and external power grids. The parameters of the equipment include operating parameters and economic parameters. Boundary conditions include: operational boundary curve data, upper and lower limits of the capacity configuration optimization calculation scale of the basic alternative scheme, and relevant constraints on system operation indicators; Among them, the parameters for new energy include: unit cost, average annual personnel wages, average annual minor repair cost, minor repair frequency, average annual major repair cost, major repair frequency, and average annual other costs. The parameters of hydrogen production equipment include: cost per unit of hydrogen production, energy consumption per unit of hydrogen production, minimum rated hydrogen production ratio, maximum rated hydrogen production ratio, ramp rate, landslide rate, minimum continuous start-up time, minimum continuous shutdown time, start-up cost, shutdown cost, average annual personnel wage cost, average annual minor repair cost, minor repair frequency, average annual major repair cost, major repair frequency, and average annual other costs. The parameters of electric energy storage include: cost per unit power, cost per unit capacity, capacity-to-power ratio, minimum charging ratio, maximum charging ratio, charge / discharge efficiency, average annual personnel wages, average annual minor repair costs, minor repair frequency, average annual major repair costs, major repair frequency, and average annual other costs. The parameters of electrical load include: electricity price, minimum load, and maximum load; The parameters of hydrogen storage spherical tanks include: cost per unit hydrogen storage flow rate, cost per unit hydrogen storage capacity, capacity-to-flow ratio, single-sided filling and discharging efficiency, average annual personnel wage cost, average annual minor repair cost, minor repair frequency, average annual major repair cost, major repair frequency, and average annual other costs. The parameters of a conventional generating unit include: unit cost, minimum technical output ratio, maximum output ratio, ramp rate, landslide rate, minimum continuous start-up time, minimum continuous shutdown time, start-up cost, shutdown cost, maximum number of start-ups and shutdowns, variable cost, average annual personnel wages, average annual minor repair cost, minor repair frequency, average annual major repair cost, major repair frequency, and average annual other costs. The parameters of the external power grid include electricity price, power grid type, minimum exchange load, maximum exchange load, cumulative minimum exchange volume, and cumulative maximum exchange volume.

[0022] The boundary curve data includes: The 8760-hour curve data for new energy sources (wind power and photovoltaics) uses normalized values ​​to represent the output rate of new energy sources at that moment. The hydrogen production curve data for 8760 hours is presented in absolute value, representing the hydrogen production demand at that moment; this field can also be filled with upper and lower limits of hydrogen production data. Electricity load curve data over 8760 hours, data are in absolute values; The upper and lower limits of the capacity configuration optimization computing scale data include: Minimum and maximum scale of new energy configuration; Minimum and maximum hydrogen production capacity of hydrogen production equipment; Minimum power, maximum power, minimum capacity, and maximum capacity of electric energy storage; Minimum design hydrogen storage flow rate, maximum design hydrogen storage flow rate, minimum design hydrogen storage capacity, and maximum design hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage spherical tank; Minimum and maximum installed capacity of conventional generating units; The relevant constraints on system performance indicators include: Hydrogen sales price; Constraints on the curtailment rate of renewable energy.

[0023] 2) Input the parameters and boundary conditions of step 1) into the base selection scheme optimization model to obtain the optimized configuration scale value of each device. The optimized configuration scale value of each device includes the new energy scale value, hydrogen production equipment scale value, electric energy storage scale value, electric load scale value, hydrogen storage spherical tank scale value and conventional unit scale value, as shown in Table 1. Table 1 The basic alternative optimization model aims for optimal economic efficiency, constrained by simplified equipment models and system operating characteristics. It still employs long-term time-series simulation optimization to quickly obtain the optimized scale of each piece of equipment. The specific optimization model for the basic alternative scheme is as follows: The objective function of the new energy hydrogen production system is: In the formula, This indicates the economic viability of new energy hydrogen production systems. , , These represent the revenue, investment, and cost of a new energy hydrogen production system, respectively. Specifically, for have: In the formula, Indicates the first A load in Electricity price based on time period load. Indicates the first A load in Electricity consumption during a given time period; Indicates the first One hydrogen production group in Hydrogen price during the period, Indicates the first One hydrogen production group in Hydrogen production during the period; overall, It consists of two parts: electricity revenue and gas revenue; for have: In the formula, Indicates the first Class of devices Unit investment of each piece of equipment Indicates the first Class of devices The configuration scale of each device This indicates the operating year of a new energy hydrogen production project; it is comparable to revenue and cost by calculating the total investment in various equipment and converting it to an annual figure. for have: In the formula, Indicates the first Class of devices Annual expenses of a type of fixed cost item, Indicates the first Class of devices The unit annual cost of a variable cost item, which is related to the size of the equipment; The constraints are as follows: Hydrogen production equipment operating power constraints In the formula, This indicates the equivalent of a single hydrogen production unit in Operating power at any given time; This is the rated power of an equivalent single hydrogen production unit; This represents the minimum power operating limit coefficient for an equivalent single hydrogen production unit. This represents the maximum power operating limit coefficient for an equivalent single hydrogen production unit; Hydrogen production equipment power ramp-up constraints When the hydrogen production equipment is equivalent to a single unit, it is always in a warm-state state of being turned on. Its power ramp-up constraint can be expressed as: In the formula, Indicates a time interval; These represent the uphill and downhill ramp rates of an equivalent single hydrogen production unit at temperature. Hydrogen supply constraints For a stable hydrogen supply state, the operating constraints can be expressed as: In the formula, This indicates the equivalent of a single hydrogen production unit in Hydrogen production at any given time; This indicates the equivalent of a single hydrogen storage spherical tank in The gas supply at any given time is indicated by a positive value for gas supply and a negative value for gas storage. For unstable hydrogen supply conditions, the operating constraints can be expressed as: It represents the maximum total hydrogen production demand within the cycle and is a constant. Conventional unit related constraints for Total output power of conventional units at any given time ,have: In the formula, Indicates the equivalent single conventional unit in Efforts made at all times; The output of the equivalent conventional unit should be within its maximum and minimum output range; therefore, this constraint can be described as follows: In the formula, and These represent the minimum and maximum technical output of the equivalent conventional unit, respectively. Considering the ramp-up capability of an equivalent conventional unit, there are constraints: In the formula, This represents the maximum ramp rate of an equivalent conventional unit. This represents the maximum downhill ramp rate of an equivalent conventional unit. Hydrogen storage spherical tank constraint Considering the maximum power constraint, hydrogen storage capacity constraint, and hydrogen storage time-series constraint of the hydrogen storage spherical tank, we have: In the formula, This indicates the maximum hydrogen flow rate of the hydrogen storage spherical tank. Indicates that the hydrogen storage spherical tank is in The amount of gas stored at any given time. This indicates the maximum gas storage capacity of the hydrogen storage spherical tank. This indicates the initial gas storage capacity of the hydrogen storage spherical tank at time 0. This indicates the filling (venting) efficiency of the hydrogen storage spherical tank, and has... ; Power balance constraints For new energy hydrogen production systems, real-time power balance requirements must also be met. Therefore, the power balance constraint can be expressed as: In the formula, Indicates electrical load exist The power at any given time is a fixed value; Indicates in Total power output of new energy sources at any given time; Indicates in Total output power of conventional units at any given time; It represents the power of energy storage; a positive value indicates discharging, and a negative value indicates charging. Indicates in The amount of renewable energy power curtailed at any given time; Indicates in The power exchanged between the power grid and the grid at any given time indicates that the power grid supplies electricity to the new energy hydrogen production system, while a negative value indicates that the new energy hydrogen production system supplies electricity to the grid. Constraints on curtailment rate of renewable energy To improve the utilization rate of new energy sources, a constraint on the curtailment rate of new energy power is set, namely: In the formula, This indicates the cumulative amount of electricity abandoned by new energy sources. This indicates the cumulative electricity generated by new energy sources; Energy storage operation constraints For energy storage operation constraints, mainly considering power constraints and energy constraints during charging and discharging, we have: In the formula, Indicates the rated power of energy storage. Indicates energy storage The amount of stored power at any time, Indicates the maximum capacity of energy storage. This represents the initial charge of the energy storage at time 0. This indicates the charging (discharging) efficiency of energy storage, and has... ; Power exchange constraints of power grid The exchange between the new energy hydrogen production system and the power grid can be divided into two levels: one is the maximum exchangeable power constraint of the line transmission capacity or related requirements, and the other is the overall power exchange constraint. The power exchange constraint needs to consider the total amount constraint and the cumulative power constraint in one direction, whether it is connected to the grid or disconnected from the grid. For the maximum exchangeable power constraint, we have In the formula, , These represent the new energy hydrogen production system and the power grid, respectively. The maximum and minimum power exchange of the interconnection lines, with the power supply from the grid to the new energy hydrogen production system being the positive reference direction; For the constraints of energy exchange, we have In the formula, These represent the new energy hydrogen production system and the power grid, respectively. Maximum net power exchange limit; Indicates the direction of power exchange, and has ; This indicates the connection between new energy hydrogen production systems and the power grid. Cumulative exchange power limit; This indicates that the new energy hydrogen production system accepts grid power. The cumulative limit for grid-supplied (one-way) power consumption; This indicates that the new energy hydrogen production system supplies power to the grid. The cumulative power consumption limit for power supply to the Internet (one-way).

[0024] 3) Input the parameters, boundary conditions and optimized configuration scale values ​​of each device obtained in step 1) into the production operation simulation optimization model, and optimize the objective function under the constraints by optimizing variables. The variables are the on / off state and operating position of each device at each moment. The output results include two aspects: one is the objective function value, i.e. the economic indicators of the system, and the other is the on / off status and operating position of each device over 8760 hours. The data items that can output 8760 hours of time sequence data are shown in Table 2.

[0025] Table 2 The specific process of solving the production operation simulation optimization model is as follows: 31) Input data, initialize variables, and calculate the objective function value in the initial state; 32) Adjust and optimize variables; 33) Determine if the relevant constraints are met. If they are met, proceed to 34); otherwise, proceed to 37). 34) Calculate the objective function after adjusting and optimizing the variables, and compare it with the previous calculation result; 35) Determine if the difference is less than the GAP value. If it is less, proceed to step 36; if it is not less, proceed to step 37. 36) Output the results, and the process ends; 37) Calculate and optimize the gradient direction, then proceed to step 32). In step 32), adjust the variables according to the gradient direction.

[0026] The production operation simulation optimization model, under the premise of a fixed scale of each piece of equipment, aims for optimal economic efficiency. It uses a complete equipment model, considers equipment start-up and shutdown variables, and system operating characteristics as constraints to conduct long-term time-series simulation optimization, fully obtaining the operating characteristics of each piece of equipment and generating 8760 hours of time-series operation curves. The specific production operation simulation optimization model is as follows: objective function The objective function of the production operation simulation optimization model remains consistent with the objective function of the baseline alternative optimization model, and is still [objective function]. Constraints Hydrogen production equipment operating power constraints The hydrogen production equipment configured in the project can adjust its power within upper and lower limits. Therefore, for the hydrogen production equipment... , its in The operating power constraint at time t can be expressed as: In the formula, Indicates hydrogen production equipment exist Operating power at any given time; For hydrogen production equipment Rated power; Indicates hydrogen production equipment The device is powered on and has ; This represents the minimum power operating limit coefficient for hydrogen production equipment. This represents the upper limit coefficient for the maximum power operation of hydrogen production equipment; Hydrogen production equipment power ramp-up constraints In the formula, Indicates a time interval; Parameters for judging the status of hydrogen production equipment, and have ; , These represent hydrogen production equipment. The rate of ascent and descent in cold and warm conditions; Hydrogen supply constraints For a stable hydrogen supply state, the operating constraints can be expressed as: In the formula, Indicates hydrogen production equipment exist The amount of hydrogen produced at any given time is closely related to the power of the electrolyzer; This indicates that the entire new energy hydrogen production system is in A constant state of work, and has This formula indicates that if at least one hydrogen production unit is turned on, the entire system is in operation; otherwise, it is turned off. Indicates hydrogen storage spherical tank exist The gas supply at any given time is indicated by a positive value for gas supply and a negative value for gas storage. Indicates the number of hydrogen storage spherical tanks; This represents the stable hydrogen production demand for each time period, and is a constant. It represents the number of hours of stable hydrogen production within a cycle and is a constant. For unstable hydrogen supply conditions, the operating constraints can be expressed as: It represents the maximum total hydrogen production demand within the cycle and is a constant. Output constraints of conventional units The unit's output should be within its maximum and minimum output range; therefore, this constraint can be described as follows: In the formula, Indicates conventional units exist The status at any given moment: 1 indicates power on, 0 indicates power off; and These represent the unit's minimum technical output and maximum output, respectively. Conventional unit ramping constraints Considering the ramp-up capability of conventional units, there are constraints: In the formula, For conventional units Maximum uphill speed For conventional units Maximum downhill / climb rate; Minimum continuous start-up and shutdown time constraints for conventional units Due to the physical properties and actual operational requirements of conventional thermal power units, the units are required to meet a minimum continuous start-up / shutdown time; the minimum continuous start-up / shutdown time constraint can be described as: In the formula: , These are the minimum continuous start-up time and minimum continuous shutdown time for conventional generating units. , For the unit exist The duration of continuous operation and continuous shutdown can be represented by unit state variables, namely: .

[0027] In addition, constraints such as power balance, hydrogen storage tank, renewable energy curtailment rate, energy storage operation, and grid power exchange need to be considered, and their forms are consistent with those in the basic alternative optimization model.

[0028] 5) Output and save the indicator results and related curves of the basic preparation scheme optimization and production operation simulation. The optimization results can be displayed in a chart visualization way.

Claims

1. An optimization method for capacity configuration of new energy hydrogen production systems, characterized in that: The optimization method is as follows: 1) Collect device parameters and set boundary conditions The equipment includes new energy sources, hydrogen production equipment, electric energy storage, electric load, hydrogen storage spherical tanks, conventional units and external power grids. The parameters of the equipment include operating parameters and economic parameters. Boundary conditions include: operational boundary curve data, upper and lower limits of the capacity configuration optimization calculation scale of the basic alternative scheme, and relevant constraints on system operation indicators; 2) Input the parameters and boundary conditions of step 1) into the base selection scheme optimization model to obtain the optimized configuration scale value of each device. The optimized configuration scale value of each device includes the new energy scale value, hydrogen production equipment scale value, electric energy storage scale value, electric load scale value, hydrogen storage spherical tank scale value and conventional unit scale value. 3) Input the parameters, boundary conditions and optimized configuration scale values ​​of each device obtained in step 1) into the production operation simulation optimization model, and optimize the objective function under the constraints by optimizing variables. The variables are the on / off state and operating position of each device at each moment.

2. The optimization method for capacity configuration of new energy hydrogen production systems according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the parameters of the new energy include: unit cost, average annual personnel wage cost, average annual minor repair cost, minor repair frequency, average annual major repair cost, major repair frequency, and average annual other costs. The parameters of hydrogen production equipment include: cost per unit of hydrogen production, energy consumption per unit of hydrogen production, minimum rated hydrogen production ratio, maximum rated hydrogen production ratio, ramp rate, landslide rate, minimum continuous start-up time, minimum continuous shutdown time, start-up cost, shutdown cost, average annual personnel wage cost, average annual minor repair cost, minor repair frequency, average annual major repair cost, major repair frequency, and average annual other costs. The parameters of electric energy storage include: cost per unit power, cost per unit capacity, capacity-to-power ratio, minimum charging ratio, maximum charging ratio, charge-discharge efficiency, average annual personnel wage cost, average annual minor repair cost, minor repair frequency, average annual major repair cost, major repair frequency, and average annual other costs. The parameters of electrical load include: electricity price, minimum load, and maximum load; The parameters of hydrogen storage spherical tanks include: cost per unit hydrogen storage flow, cost per unit hydrogen storage capacity, capacity-to-flow ratio, single-sided filling and discharging efficiency, average annual personnel wage cost, average annual minor repair cost, minor repair frequency, average annual major repair cost, major repair frequency, and average annual other costs. The parameters of a conventional generating unit include: unit cost, minimum technical output ratio, maximum output ratio, ramp rate, landslide rate, minimum continuous start-up time, minimum continuous shutdown time, start-up cost, shutdown cost, maximum number of start-ups and shutdowns, variable cost, average annual personnel wages, average annual minor repair cost, minor repair frequency, average annual major repair cost, major repair frequency, and average annual other costs. The parameters of the external power grid include electricity price, power grid type, minimum exchange load, maximum exchange load, cumulative minimum exchange volume, and cumulative maximum exchange volume.

3. The optimization method for capacity configuration of new energy hydrogen production systems according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the boundary curve data includes: The 8760-hour curve data for new energy sources uses normalized values ​​to represent the output rate of new energy sources at that moment. Hydrogen production curve data for 8760 hours, using absolute values ​​to represent the hydrogen production demand at that moment; Electricity load curve data over 8760 hours, data are in absolute values; The upper and lower limits of the capacity configuration optimization computing scale data include: Minimum and maximum scale of new energy configuration; Minimum and maximum hydrogen production capacity of hydrogen production equipment; Minimum power, maximum power, minimum capacity, and maximum capacity of electric energy storage; Minimum design hydrogen storage flow rate, maximum design hydrogen storage flow rate, minimum design hydrogen storage capacity, and maximum design hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage spherical tank; Minimum and maximum installed capacity of conventional generating units; The relevant constraints on system performance indicators include: Hydrogen sales price; Constraints on the curtailment rate of renewable energy.

4. The optimization method for capacity configuration of new energy hydrogen production systems according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific optimization model for basic scheme selection in step 2) is as follows: The objective function of the new energy hydrogen production system is: In the formula, This indicates the economic viability of new energy hydrogen production systems. , , These represent the revenue, investment, and cost of a new energy hydrogen production system, respectively. in: In the formula, Indicates the first A load in Electricity price based on time period load. Indicates the first A load in Electricity consumption during a given time period; Indicates the first One hydrogen production group in Hydrogen price during the period, Indicates the first One hydrogen production group in Hydrogen production during a given period; In the formula, Indicates the first Class of devices Unit investment of each piece of equipment Indicates the first Class of devices The configuration scale of each device This indicates the number of years of operation for a new energy hydrogen production project; In the formula, Indicates the first Class of devices Annual expenses of a type of fixed cost item, Indicates the first Class of devices The unit annual cost of each variable cost item; The constraints are: Hydrogen production equipment operating power constraints In the formula, This indicates the equivalent of a single hydrogen production unit in Operating power at any given time; This is the rated power of an equivalent single hydrogen production unit; The minimum power operating limit coefficient for an equivalent single hydrogen production unit; This represents the maximum power operating limit coefficient for an equivalent single hydrogen production unit; Hydrogen production equipment power ramp-up constraints When the hydrogen production equipment is equivalent to a single unit, it is always in a warm-state state of being turned on. Its power ramp-up constraint is expressed as: In the formula, Indicates a time interval; These represent the uphill and downhill ramp rates of an equivalent single hydrogen production unit at temperature. Hydrogen supply constraints For a stable hydrogen supply state, the operating constraints are expressed as follows: In the formula, This indicates the equivalent of a single hydrogen production unit in Hydrogen production at any given time; This indicates the equivalent of a single hydrogen storage spherical tank in The gas supply at any given time is indicated by a positive value for gas supply and a negative value for gas storage. For unstable hydrogen supply conditions, the operating constraints are expressed as follows: This indicates the maximum total hydrogen production demand within the cycle. Conventional unit related constraints for Total output power of conventional units at any given time ,have: In the formula, Indicates the equivalent single conventional unit in Efforts made at all times; The output of the equivalent conventional unit should be within its maximum and minimum output range; therefore, this constraint is described as follows: In the formula, and These represent the minimum and maximum technical output of the equivalent conventional unit, respectively. Considering the ramp-up capability of an equivalent conventional unit, there are constraints: In the formula, This represents the maximum ramp rate of an equivalent conventional unit. This represents the maximum downhill ramp rate of an equivalent conventional unit. Hydrogen storage spherical tank constraint Considering the maximum power constraint, hydrogen storage capacity constraint, and hydrogen storage time-series constraint of the hydrogen storage spherical tank, we have: In the formula, This indicates the maximum hydrogen flow rate of the hydrogen storage spherical tank. Indicates that the hydrogen storage spherical tank is in The amount of gas stored at any given time. This indicates the maximum gas storage capacity of the hydrogen storage spherical tank. This indicates the initial gas storage capacity of the hydrogen storage spherical tank at time 0. This indicates the filling (venting) efficiency of the hydrogen storage spherical tank, and has... ; Power balance constraints For new energy hydrogen production systems, real-time power balance requirements must be met. Therefore, the power balance constraint is expressed as: In the formula, Indicates electrical load exist The power at any given time is a fixed value; Indicates in Total power output of new energy sources at any given time; Indicates in Total output power of conventional units at any given time; It represents the power of energy storage; a positive value indicates discharging, and a negative value indicates charging. Indicates in The amount of renewable energy power curtailed at any given time; Indicates in The power exchanged between the power grid and the grid at any given time indicates that the power grid supplies electricity to the new energy hydrogen production system, while a negative value indicates that the new energy hydrogen production system supplies electricity to the grid. Constraints on the curtailment rate of renewable energy sources In the formula, This indicates the cumulative amount of electricity abandoned by new energy sources. This indicates the cumulative electricity generated by new energy sources; This indicates the limit for the curtailment rate of renewable energy. Energy storage operation constraints include In the formula, Indicates the rated power of energy storage. Indicates energy storage The amount of stored power at any time, Indicates the maximum capacity of energy storage. This represents the initial charge of the energy storage at time 0. This indicates the charging (discharging) efficiency of energy storage, and has... ; Power exchange constraints of power grid The exchange between the new energy hydrogen production system and the power grid can be divided into two levels: one is the maximum exchangeable power constraint of the line transmission capacity or related requirements, and the other is the overall power exchange constraint. The power exchange constraint needs to consider the total amount constraint and the cumulative power constraint in one direction, whether it is connected to the grid or disconnected from the grid. For the maximum exchangeable power constraint, we have In the formula, , These represent the new energy hydrogen production system and the power grid, respectively. The maximum and minimum power exchange of the interconnection lines, with the power supply from the grid to the new energy hydrogen production system being the positive reference direction; For the constraints of energy exchange, we have In the formula, These represent the new energy hydrogen production system and the power grid, respectively. Maximum net power exchange limit; Indicates the direction of power exchange, and has ; This indicates the connection between new energy hydrogen production systems and the power grid. Cumulative exchange power limit; This indicates that the new energy hydrogen production system accepts grid power. Cumulative limit on grid power supply; This indicates that the new energy hydrogen production system supplies power to the grid. The cumulative limit on the amount of electricity supplied to the grid.

5. The optimization method for capacity configuration of new energy hydrogen production systems according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of solving the production operation simulation optimization model in step 3) is as follows: 31) Input data, initialize variables, and calculate the objective function value in the initial state; 32) Adjust and optimize variables; 33) Determine if the relevant constraints are met. If they are met, proceed to 34); otherwise, proceed to 37). 34) Calculate the objective function after adjusting and optimizing the variables, and compare it with the previous calculation result; 35) Determine if the difference is less than the GAP value. If it is less, proceed to step 36; if it is not less, proceed to step 37. 36) Output the result, and the process ends; 37) Calculate and optimize the gradient direction, then proceed to step 32). In step 32), adjust the variables according to the gradient direction.

6. The optimization method for capacity configuration of new energy hydrogen production systems according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific production operation simulation optimization model in step 3) is as follows: objective function The objective function of the production operation simulation optimization model is consistent with the objective function of the baseline alternative optimization model, which is to Constraints Hydrogen production equipment operating power constraints The hydrogen production equipment configured in the project adjusts its power within the upper and lower limits. Therefore, for the hydrogen production equipment... , its in The operating power constraint at time t is expressed as: In the formula, Indicates hydrogen production equipment exist Operating power at any given time; For hydrogen production equipment Rated power; Indicates hydrogen production equipment The device is powered on and has ; This represents the minimum power operating limit coefficient for hydrogen production equipment. This represents the upper limit coefficient for the maximum power operation of hydrogen production equipment; Hydrogen production equipment power ramp-up constraints In the formula, Indicates a time interval; Parameters for judging the status of hydrogen production equipment, and have ; , These represent hydrogen production equipment. The rate of ascent and descent in cold and warm conditions; Hydrogen supply constraints For a stable hydrogen supply state, the operating constraints are expressed as follows: In the formula, Indicates hydrogen production equipment exist Hydrogen production at any given time; This indicates that the entire new energy hydrogen production system is in A constant state of work, and has This formula indicates that if at least one hydrogen production unit is turned on, the entire system is in operation; otherwise, it is turned off. Indicates hydrogen storage spherical tank exist The gas supply at any given time is indicated by a positive value for gas supply and a negative value for gas storage. Indicates the number of hydrogen storage spherical tanks; This represents the stable hydrogen production demand for each time period, and is a constant. It represents the number of hours of stable hydrogen production within a cycle and is a constant. For unstable hydrogen supply conditions, the operating constraints are expressed as follows: It represents the maximum total hydrogen production demand within the cycle and is a constant. Output constraints of conventional units The unit's output should be within its maximum and minimum output range; therefore, this constraint is described as follows: In the formula, Indicates conventional units exist The status at any given moment: 1 indicates power on, 0 indicates power off; and These represent the unit's minimum technical output and maximum output, respectively. Conventional unit ramping constraints Considering the ramp-up capability of conventional units, there are constraints: In the formula, For conventional units Maximum uphill speed For conventional units Maximum downhill / climb rate; Minimum continuous start-up and shutdown time constraints for conventional units Due to the physical properties and actual operational requirements of conventional thermal power units, the units are required to meet a minimum continuous start-up / shutdown time; the minimum continuous start-up / shutdown time constraint is described as follows: In the formula: , These are the minimum continuous start-up time and minimum continuous shutdown time for conventional generating units. , For the unit exist The duration of continuous operation and continuous shutdown are represented by unit state variables, namely: 。

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