Arid mining area vegetation restoration configuration method based on shrub-grass positive interaction

Abstract

The invention provides an arid mining area vegetation restoration configuration method based on shrub-grass positive interaction, comprising the following steps: S1, detecting physicochemical properties of soil in a to-be-restored area, and screening to obtain limiting factors; s2, improving the soil in the to-be-restored area according to the limiting factor obtained in S1; S3, selecting a corresponding shrub type according to the soil conductivity of the improved soil in the to-be-restored area, and selecting a corresponding herbaceous plant type according to the shrub type; s4, planting according to the plant species selected in S3; and S5, managing and protecting the planted plants. The method disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that by utilizing positive interaction between shrub and grass in the arid region and assisting with proper soil improvement measures, relatively rapid vegetation recovery in the coal mine area in the arid region in Xinjiang is realized, and the constructed plant community is high in stability and better in resistance to interference of the external environment, and the ecological restoration result is more long-acting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mine ecological restoration, and in particular relates to a method for vegetation restoration configuration in arid mining areas based on the positive interaction between shrubs and grasses. Background Technology

[0002] The arid region of Xinjiang is an important coal-producing area in my country, providing crucial security and support for the country's coal resources. However, coal mining, especially open-pit mining, has severely damaged the original natural ecological environment. This damage includes the destruction of original natural habitat vegetation, soil structure, and soil nutrient loss. The arid region of Xinjiang itself has harsh climatic conditions, with scarce rainfall and high evaporation, making the restoration of damaged vegetation and soil extremely difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to restore the vegetation in mining areas and improve the current ecological environment by providing appropriate human assistance and leveraging the positive interactions between some plant species in the arid region.

[0003] The positive interaction between shrubs and grasses is widespread among plants in arid regions. Shrubs adapted to growing in arid regions can improve the microenvironment of their vicinity, including regulating soil temperature, mitigating wind force, and reducing solar radiation. In addition, the presence of shrubs' well-developed root systems can enrich valuable resources in the barren soils of arid regions, such as increasing and maintaining soil moisture in the root zone and improving soil microbial diversity. All of these create favorable conditions for the growth of herbaceous plants, thus enabling the formation of a well-structured plant community in arid regions that combines shrubs and grasses.

[0004] Currently, many coal mining enterprises in arid areas of Xinjiang have actively carried out vegetation restoration to a certain extent. However, the following problems often exist in the process of vegetation restoration: First, many restoration areas use a single type of plant, resulting in a plant community structure that is too simple, with poor resistance and stability, and is easily disturbed by changes in the external environment. Second, some restoration areas use a large number of annual herbaceous plants for vegetation restoration. Although this operation can achieve good restoration results in the short term, the plant community structure is prone to degradation over time, and the restoration is difficult to be long-term. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a vegetation restoration configuration method for arid mining areas based on the positive interaction between shrubs and grasses, in order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0007] A vegetation restoration configuration method for arid mining areas based on the positive interaction between shrubs and grasses includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Detect the physicochemical properties of the soil in the area to be restored and screen out limiting factors;

[0009] S2. Based on the limiting factors obtained in S1, the soil in the area to be restored is improved:

[0010] S3. Select appropriate shrub species based on the soil electrical conductivity of the improved soil in the area to be restored, and select appropriate herbaceous plant species based on the shrub species.

[0011] S4. Plant the plant species selected in S3;

[0012] S5. Take care of the planted plants.

[0013] Furthermore, S1 includes the following steps:

[0014] S11. Randomly collect multiple surface soil samples from the area to be restored;

[0015] S12. Detect the soil bulk density, moisture content, pH, soil electrical conductivity, organic matter content, and total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of the soil sample, and calculate the mean of each detection value as the final detection value.

[0016] S13. Determine the limiting factors;

[0017] If the soil bulk density is >1.8 g / cm3, the soil bulk density is determined to be the limiting factor;

[0018] If pH > 9.5, pH is determined to be the limiting factor;

[0019] If the organic matter content is <5g / kg, the organic matter content is determined to be the limiting factor.

[0020] If total nitrogen is <0.8 g / kg, the total nitrogen content is determined to be the limiting factor;

[0021] If total phosphorus is <0.7 g / kg, the total phosphorus content is determined to be the limiting factor;

[0022] If the total potassium content is less than 120 mg / kg, the total potassium content is considered a limiting factor.

[0023] Furthermore, S2 includes the following steps:

[0024] S21. Add one or more of oxidized coal and slow-release nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer to the soil in the area to be restored, and then till and mix them thoroughly.

[0025] S22. Return to step S1 until there are no limiting factors in S13, then proceed to step S3.

[0026] Furthermore, S3 includes the following steps:

[0027] S31. If the second soil electrical conductivity collected in S22 is less than the salinity threshold, the area to be restored is determined to be a normal area.

[0028] If the second soil electrical conductivity collected by S22 is greater than the salinity threshold, the area to be restored is determined to be a saline-alkali area.

[0029] S32. Select the appropriate shrub species based on the category of the area to be restored as determined in S31;

[0030] S33. Select the corresponding herbaceous plant species based on the shrub species selected in S32;

[0031] The salt and alkali threshold in S31 is 4000 μS / cm.

[0032] Furthermore, the steps in S32 are as follows:

[0033] If the area to be restored is determined to be a normal area in S31, then drought-resistant shrub species should be selected;

[0034] If the area to be restored is determined to be a saline-alkali area in S31, then drought-resistant and acid-alkali-resistant shrub species should be selected.

[0035] Furthermore, step S33 is as follows:

[0036] If drought-resistant shrub species are selected in S32, then locally grown herbaceous plant species should be selected.

[0037] If drought- and salt-tolerant shrub species are selected in S32, then drought- and salt-tolerant herbaceous plant species should be selected.

[0038] Furthermore, S4 includes the following steps:

[0039] S41. Pretreatment of shrub seedlings and herbaceous plant seeds;

[0040] S42. Dig planting pits, plant shrub seedlings, and sow herb seeds around the shrub seedlings.

[0041] Furthermore, in S42, the planting density of shrub seedlings is one plant per 8-15 m2, and the sowing range of herbaceous plants is a circular range with a radius of 0.8-1 m centered on the shrub.

[0042] Furthermore, S5 includes the following steps:

[0043] S51. After planting, water the area to be restored at the first frequency within the first time period; then water the area to be restored at the second frequency within the second time period; then water the area to be restored at the third frequency within the third time period; then stop watering.

[0044] S52. After watering is stopped, plant height, crown width and photosynthetic activity of each plant in the recovery area are measured at the third detection frequency.

[0045] Furthermore, the first time range is days 1-10, the first frequency is once every 2-3 days, and the watering rate is 1.5-3 kg per square meter each time; the second time range is days 11-30, the second frequency is once every 7-10 days, and the watering rate is 1.5-3 kg per square meter each time; the third time range is days 31-72, the third frequency is once every 14-21 days, and the watering rate is 1.5-3 kg per square meter each time.

[0046] Compared with existing technologies, the vegetation restoration configuration method for arid mining areas based on the positive interaction between shrubs and grasses described in this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] (1) The vegetation restoration configuration method for arid mining areas based on the positive interaction between shrubs and grasses described in this invention utilizes the positive interaction between shrubs and grasses in arid areas, supplemented by appropriate soil improvement measures, to achieve relatively rapid vegetation restoration in coal mining areas in arid areas of Xinjiang. Moreover, the constructed plant community has strong stability, better resistance to external environmental interference, and more long-term ecological restoration results.

[0048] (2) The vegetation restoration configuration method for arid mining areas based on the positive interaction between shrubs and grasses described in this invention can gradually adapt plants to the arid environment by gradually reducing the watering frequency in multiple stages and regularly monitoring growth, thereby improving the survival rate of plants and accurately grasping the growth status of plants. Attached Figure Description

[0049] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method described in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0051] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0052] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0053] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0054] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, a vegetation restoration configuration method for arid mining areas based on the positive interaction between shrubs and grasses includes the following steps:

[0056] S1. Detect the physicochemical properties of the soil in the area to be restored and screen out limiting factors;

[0057] S2. Based on the limiting factors obtained in S1, the soil in the area to be restored is improved:

[0058] S3. Select appropriate shrub species based on the soil electrical conductivity of the improved soil in the area to be restored, and select appropriate herbaceous plant species based on the shrub species.

[0059] S4. Plant the plant species selected in S3;

[0060] S5. Take care of the planted plants.

[0061] S1 includes the following steps:

[0062] S11. Randomly collect multiple surface soil samples from the area to be restored;

[0063] S12. Detect the soil bulk density, moisture content, pH, soil electrical conductivity, organic matter content, and total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of the soil sample, and calculate the mean of each detection value as the final detection value.

[0064] In arid coal mining areas, the soil generally has extremely low water content and is often salinized. Therefore, the purpose of testing soil moisture content is only to determine the specific degree of soil drought, and the purpose of testing soil electrical conductivity is only to indicate the degree of soil salinization to a certain extent, so as to facilitate the subsequent selection of suitable plant species.

[0065] S13. Determine the limiting factors;

[0066] If the soil bulk density is >1.8 g / cm³ 3 Soil bulk density was determined to be the limiting factor.

[0067] If pH > 9.5, pH is determined to be the limiting factor;

[0068] If the organic matter content is <5g / kg, the organic matter content is determined to be the limiting factor.

[0069] If total nitrogen is <0.8 g / kg, the total nitrogen content is determined to be the limiting factor;

[0070] If total phosphorus is <0.7 g / kg, the total phosphorus content is determined to be the limiting factor;

[0071] If the total potassium content is less than 120 mg / kg, the total potassium content is considered a limiting factor.

[0072] S2 includes the following steps:

[0073] S21. Add one or more of oxidized coal and slow-release nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer to the soil in the area to be restored, and then till and mix them thoroughly.

[0074] Once the limiting factors are identified, targeted improvement measures (such as adding oxidized coal and slow-release fertilizer) can help to quickly improve soil structure and nutrient supply, thereby enhancing the natural fertility of the soil.

[0075] Adding oxidized coal can increase soil organic matter and lower pH, slow-release fertilizer can increase total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, and tilling can reduce soil bulk density.

[0076] S22. Return to step S1 until there are no limiting factors in S13, then proceed to step S3.

[0077] S3 includes the following steps:

[0078] S31. If the second soil electrical conductivity collected in S22 is less than the salinity threshold, the area to be restored is determined to be a normal area.

[0079] If the second soil electrical conductivity collected by S22 is greater than the salinity threshold, the area to be restored is determined to be a saline-alkali area.

[0080] S32. Select the appropriate shrub species based on the category of the area to be restored as determined in S31;

[0081] S33. Select the corresponding herbaceous plant species based on the shrub species selected in S32;

[0082] The salt and alkali threshold in S31 is 4000 μS / cm.

[0083] The steps for S32 are as follows:

[0084] If the area to be restored is determined to be a normal area in S31, then drought-resistant shrub species should be selected, such as *Caragana spp.* or *Chenopodium album*.

[0085] If the area to be restored is determined to be saline-alkali area in S31, then drought- and salt-tolerant shrub species should be selected, such as red sand shrubs, camel thorn, and multi-branched tamarisk.

[0086] The steps for S33 are as follows:

[0087] If drought-resistant shrub species are selected in S32, then locally grown herbaceous plant species should be selected.

[0088] If drought- and salt-tolerant shrub species are selected in S32, then drought- and salt-tolerant herbaceous plant species should be selected. Examples include *Salvia splendens*, *Erigeron davidii*, *Lithops*, and *Suaeda salsa*.

[0089] For example, in saline-alkali areas awaiting restoration, *Tamarix chinensis* and *Alpaca spp.* are selected as shrub species, while *Haloxylon ammodendron*, *Erigeron davidii*, and *Haloxylon ammodendron* are selected as herbaceous plant species.

[0090] Based on differences in soil electrical conductivity and salinity, select suitable shrub and herbaceous plant species to ensure that plants can adapt to the environment and reduce vegetation death caused by maladaptation.

[0091] S4 includes the following steps:

[0092] S41. Pretreatment of shrub seedlings and herbaceous plant seeds;

[0093] For example, remove poorly growing branches from Tamarix chinensis and Red Sandalwood seedlings, and treat seeds of Erigeron davidii, Erigeron davidii, and Haloxylon ammodendron to promote germination and improve germination and survival rates.

[0094] S42. Dig planting pits, plant shrub seedlings, and sow herb seeds around the shrub seedlings.

[0095] The planting density of S42 medium-sized shrub seedlings is 8-15m². 2The planting area for a single herbaceous plant is a circular area with a radius of 0.8-1m centered on the shrub.

[0096] Tamarix chinensis and red sandalwood should be randomly planted in the restoration area according to the density requirements mentioned above. When sowing herbaceous plant seeds, Erigeron tigrinosa and Haloxylon ammodendron should be sown close to Tamarix chinensis or Red Sandalwood, but at least 15-20 cm away from the center of their stems; seeds of Cyperus difformis should be sown further out, ideally 50-100 cm away from the center of the stem. The seed depth of herbaceous plants should be 0.5-2 cm, and the sowing density should be 2-4 seeds of each plant around each shrub.

[0097] In some embodiments, S5 includes the following steps:

[0098] S51. After planting, water the area to be restored at the first frequency within the first time period; then water the area to be restored at the second frequency within the second time period; then water the area to be restored at the third frequency within the third time period; then stop watering.

[0099] The first time period is from day 1 to 10, with a frequency of once every 2 to 3 days, and each time watering is 1.5-3 kg per square meter; the second time period is from day 11 to 30, with a frequency of once every 7 to 10 days, and each time watering is 1.5-3 kg per square meter; the third time period is from day 31 to 72, with a frequency of once every 14 to 21 days, and each time watering is 1.5-3 kg per square meter.

[0100] S52. After watering is stopped, plant height, crown width and photosynthetic activity of each plant in the recovery area are measured at the third detection frequency.

[0101] After the plant community structure stabilizes in the later stages (about 2 months after planting), the Fv / Fm value of each plant is monitored monthly using a chlorophyll fluorescence detector (PAM). 3-5 plants of each type are randomly selected for measurement, and the average value is taken as the monitoring result. The Fv / Fm value should generally not be lower than 0.65, which indicates that the photosynthetic physiological activity of the plant is within an acceptable range.

[0102] In other embodiments, S5 includes the following steps:

[0103] S51. After planting, water the area to be restored at the first frequency within a specified time. If the herbaceous plants grow to the specified height (5-10cm), water the area to be restored at the second frequency. If the herbaceous plants do not grow to the specified height (5-10cm), water the area to be restored at the third frequency until the herbaceous plants grow to the specified height and then switch to the second frequency to water the area to be restored.

[0104] The specified time period is 25-35 days;

[0105] The first frequency is once every 2-3 days, and each time watering is done with 1.5-3 kg of water per square meter;

[0106] The second frequency is once every 14-21 days per month, with each watering using 1.5-3 kg of water per square meter;

[0107] The third frequency is once every 7-10 days per month, with 1.5-3 kg of water per square meter each time.

[0108] S52. Before planting, measure the height and crown width of each plant in the recovery area at the first detection frequency. If it is qualified, proceed to S53.

[0109] During the early planting period (first 1-2 months), measurements were taken every 7-14 days. The height and crown width of each plant in the recovery area were measured. 3-5 plants of each type were randomly selected for measurement, and the average value was taken as the monitoring result.

[0110] S53. Measure the plant height and crown width of each plant in the recovery area at the second detection frequency. If they pass the test, proceed to S54.

[0111] The second testing frequency for plant height and crown width is once a month.

[0112] S54. The third detection frequency detects the photosynthetic physiological activity of plants.

[0113] After the plant community structure stabilizes in the later stages (about 2 months after planting), the Fv / Fm value of each plant is monitored monthly using a chlorophyll fluorescence detector (PAM). 3-5 plants of each type are randomly selected for measurement, and the average value is taken as the monitoring result. The Fv / Fm value should generally not be lower than 0.65, which indicates that the photosynthetic physiological activity of the plant is within an acceptable range.

[0114] By monitoring watering frequency and growth (plant height, canopy width, photosynthetic physiological activity, etc.) at different stages, precise water and nutrient management can be implemented according to the plant's needs at different growth stages. This avoids excessive drought or waterlogging, ensuring healthy plant growth and improving the speed and effectiveness of recovery. Continuous monitoring and data feedback allow for timely adjustments to the recovery plan, ensuring flexibility during the recovery process and minimizing the risk of failure.

[0115] By utilizing the positive interaction between shrubs and grasses in arid regions, supplemented by appropriate soil improvement measures, relatively rapid vegetation restoration was achieved in coal mining areas in arid regions of Xinjiang. The resulting plant communities are highly stable, have better resistance to external environmental disturbances, and the ecological restoration results are more long-lasting.

[0116] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

[0117] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for vegetation restoration configuration in arid mining areas based on the positive interaction between shrubs and grasses, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Detect the physicochemical properties of the soil in the area to be restored and screen out limiting factors; S2. Based on the limiting factors obtained in S1, the soil in the area to be restored is improved: S3. Select appropriate shrub species based on the soil electrical conductivity of the improved soil in the area to be restored, and select appropriate herbaceous plant species based on the shrub species. S4. Plant the plant species selected in S3; S5. Take care of the planted plants.

2. The vegetation restoration configuration method for arid mining areas based on the positive interaction between shrubs and grasses according to claim 1, characterized in that, S1 includes the following steps: S11. Randomly collect multiple surface soil samples from the area to be restored; S12. Detect the soil bulk density, moisture content, pH, soil electrical conductivity, organic matter content, and total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of the soil sample, and calculate the mean of each detection value as the final detection value. S13. Determine the limiting factor; If the soil bulk density is >1.8 g / cm³ 3 Soil bulk density was determined to be the limiting factor. If pH > 9.5, pH is determined to be the limiting factor; If the organic matter content is <5g / kg, the organic matter content is determined to be the limiting factor. If total nitrogen is <0.8 g / kg, the total nitrogen content is determined to be the limiting factor; If total phosphorus is <0.7 g / kg, the total phosphorus content is determined to be the limiting factor; If the total potassium content is less than 120 mg / kg, the total potassium content is considered a limiting factor.

3. The vegetation restoration configuration method for arid mining areas based on the positive interaction between shrubs and grasses according to claim 2, characterized in that: S2 includes the following steps: S21. Add one or more of oxidized coal and slow-release nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer to the soil in the area to be restored, and then till and mix them evenly. S22. Return to step S1 until there are no limiting factors in S13, then proceed to step S3.

4. The vegetation restoration configuration method for arid mining areas based on the positive interaction between shrubs and grasses according to claim 1, characterized in that, S3 includes the following steps: S31. If the second soil electrical conductivity collected in S22 is less than the salinity threshold, the area to be restored is determined to be a normal area. If the second soil electrical conductivity collected by S22 is greater than the salinity threshold, the area to be restored is determined to be a saline-alkali area. S32. Select the appropriate shrub species based on the category of the area to be restored as determined in S31; S33. Select the corresponding herbaceous plant species based on the shrub species selected in S32; The salt and alkali threshold in S31 is 4000 μS / cm.

5. The vegetation restoration configuration method for arid mining areas based on the positive interaction between shrubs and grasses according to claim 4, characterized in that, The steps in S32 are as follows: If the area to be restored is determined to be a normal area in S31, then drought-resistant shrub species should be selected; If the area to be restored is determined to be a saline-alkali area in S31, then drought-resistant and acid-alkali-resistant shrub species should be selected.

6. The vegetation restoration configuration method for arid mining areas based on the positive interaction between shrubs and grasses according to claim 5, characterized in that, The steps in S33 are as follows: If drought-resistant shrub species are selected in S32, then locally grown herbaceous plant species should be selected. If drought- and salt-tolerant shrub species are selected in S32, then drought- and salt-tolerant herbaceous plant species should be selected.

7. The vegetation restoration configuration method for arid mining areas based on the positive interaction between shrubs and grasses according to claim 1, characterized in that, S4 includes the following steps: S41. Pretreatment of shrub seedlings and herbaceous plant seeds; S42. Dig planting pits, plant shrub seedlings, and sow herb seeds around the shrub seedlings.

8. The vegetation restoration configuration method for arid mining areas based on the positive interaction between shrubs and grasses according to claim 7, characterized in that: The planting density of shrub seedlings in S42 is 8-15m². 2 For a single herbaceous plant, the sowing area is a circular area with a radius of 0.8-1m centered on the shrub.

9. A method for vegetation restoration configuration in arid mining areas based on positive interactions between shrubs and grasses, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... S5 includes the following steps: S51. After planting, water the area to be restored at the first frequency within the first time period; then water the area to be restored at the second frequency within the second time period; then water the area to be restored at the third frequency within the third time period; then stop watering. S52. After watering is stopped, plant height, crown width and photosynthetic activity of each plant in the recovery area are measured at the third detection frequency.

10. A vegetation restoration configuration method for arid mining areas based on the positive interaction between shrubs and grasses, as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The first time range is from day 1 to 10, the first frequency is once every 2 to 3 days, and the watering rate is 1.5-3 kg per square meter each time; the second time range is from day 11 to 30, the second frequency is once every 7 to 10 days, and the watering rate is 1.5-3 kg per square meter each time; the third time range is from day 31 to 72, the third frequency is once every 14 to 21 days, and the watering rate is 1.5-3 kg per square meter each time.

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