Soil conditioner for improving organic matters in saline-alkali soil, and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a soil conditioner for improving organic matters in saline-alkali soil, and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement. The soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials: straw, mushroom dregs, humic acid and a microbial agent, and the microbial agent comprises trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium and nitrogen-fixing bacteria; the soil conditioner provided by the invention has the advantages that the content of organic matters in soil is obviously increased, the salinity and alkalinity are reduced, and the soil structure is improved; the preparation process is simple, does not need complex equipment during application and is suitable for large-scale popularization.

Description

Technical Field This invention relates to the field of soil improvement technology, specifically to a soil conditioner for increasing the organic matter content of saline-alkali soil, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology Saline-alkali land refers to soil types with excessively high salt and alkali content, leading to deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, low fertility, and negatively impacting crop growth. my country has a vast area of ​​saline-alkali land, and the problem of salinization is becoming increasingly prominent due to factors such as improper irrigation and climate change. While various techniques for improving saline-alkali land have been attempted, they all have significant limitations: water conservancy improvements (such as salt drainage irrigation and underground drainage) require complex water conservancy facilities, with a cost of several thousand yuan per acre, and high annual water consumption, making large-scale promotion difficult; traditional chemical amendments reduce soil alkalinity through ion exchange, but require large quantities of materials such as gypsum and ferrous sulfate, and long-term application can lead to the accumulation of elements such as calcium and iron in the soil, disrupting the soil ion balance, further aggravating compaction, and failing to replenish soil organic matter, resulting in short-lived improvement effects and easy rebound the following year; single biological improvement methods (such as planting salt-tolerant plants such as alfalfa and sweet sorghum) can improve the micro-ecology through root exudates, but the improvement cycle is as long as 3-5 years, which cannot quickly meet the needs of arable land use; some compound amendments attempt to combine chemical and biological components, but often suffer from problems such as unreasonable ratios, low survival rate of live bacteria, and poor organic matter conversion efficiency, failing to achieve the simultaneous synergistic effect of "reducing salt and alkali" and "increasing organic matter".

[0001] Soil organic matter, as the core carrier for improving saline-alkali land, can not only adsorb free salts and reduce soil pH, but also improve soil aggregate structure, enhance water and fertilizer retention capacity, and provide a suitable environment for microbial activity and crop growth. Therefore, developing a low-cost, readily available, and environmentally friendly composite soil conditioner that can rapidly reduce soil salinity and alleviate compaction while continuously replenishing and increasing soil organic matter content is of great practical significance for promoting the efficient development and utilization of saline-alkali land and ensuring food security. It is also a pressing technical challenge in the field of soil improvement. Summary of the Invention To address the problems of poor organic matter enhancement, long improvement cycle, and high cost in existing saline-alkali land improvement technologies, this invention provides a soil conditioner for improving soil organic matter in saline-alkali land. Through the synergistic effect of multiple raw materials, it achieves the dual effect of reducing salinity and alkalinity and increasing organic matter in saline-alkali land, while simplifying the preparation and application process and reducing application costs. The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A soil conditioner for improving the organic matter content of saline-alkali soil, the raw material composition of which includes: straw, mushroom residue, humic acid and microbial inoculants; The microbial agents include: Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria; The straw is shredded corn stalks; The mushroom residue is pulverized edible mushroom cultivation residue; The humic acid is sodium humate, containing ≥15% fulvic acid.

[0002] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microbial agent contains Trichoderma harzianum ACCC30588, Bacillus subtilis ACCC19743, Bacillus megaterium ACCC10011, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria ACCC11104.

[0003] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the soil conditioner includes, by weight, 10-30 parts straw, 30-50 parts mushroom residue, 2-3 parts humic acid, and 5-10 parts microbial inoculant.

[0004] More preferably, the ratio of viable counts of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the microbial agent is (4-10):(3-7):1:(3-7).

[0005] More preferably, the soil conditioner contains more than 200 million CFU / g of viable microorganisms.

[0006] More preferably, the effective viable count of the microbial agent is above 100 billion CFU / g.

[0007] The preparation method of the above-mentioned soil conditioner includes the following steps: Microbial agents are mixed evenly with other components and then granulated to obtain granular conditioners with a particle size range of 2-5 mm and a moisture content of ≤15%.

[0008] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the straw and mushroom residue are crushed to a particle size ≤ 5 mm to obtain straw powder and mushroom residue powder.

[0009] In a further preferred embodiment, the pretreated straw powder, mushroom residue powder, and humic acid are put into a mixer and mixed for 20-30 minutes at a speed of 150-200 r / min to obtain a mixed base material. More preferably, the microbial agent is mixed with the mixed substrate in a weight ratio, and deionized water is sprayed while mixing to control the moisture content of the mixture at 25-30%. Mixing is continued for 15-20 minutes, and then granulation is performed to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soil conditioner is left to stand at 25-30°C for 3-5 days, during which time it is turned over once a day, and then used directly or packaged and sealed for storage. Application of the above-mentioned soil conditioners in saline-alkali land.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application method of the above-mentioned soil conditioner includes the following steps: (1) Soil pretreatment: Deep plow the saline-alkali land to a depth of 20-30cm and remove debris; (2) Application of soil conditioner: Apply soil conditioner evenly to the soil surface at a rate of 15-30 tons per hectare, and then till 15-20 cm to fully mix the conditioner with the soil. (3) Post-application management: Water after application to keep the soil moisture content at 60-70%. After standing for 7-10 days, crops can be sown or transplanted.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (3), an additional application is made every 3-6 months thereafter, with the dosage being 50% of the initial dosage.

[0013] Beneficial effects of the present invention 1. Wide range of raw material sources: Agricultural straw and mushroom residue are recycled, reducing costs and solid waste pollution.

[0014] 2. Significant improvement effect: After applying the soil conditioner provided by this invention, the soil organic matter content is significantly increased, while salinity is reduced and soil structure is improved.

[0015] 3. Environmentally friendly: The soil conditioner provided by this invention contains no harmful chemical substances, and the microbial agent can optimize the soil micro-ecology and prevent soil compaction. 4. Simple operation: The soil conditioner provided by this invention has a simple preparation process and does not require complicated equipment for application, making it suitable for large-scale promotion. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the soil conditioner preparation process. Detailed Implementation The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0017] All details not described in the embodiments are based on existing technology in the field.

[0018] The straw involved in the embodiment can be obtained from local farmers by air-drying and crushing corn stalks; the mushroom residue can be obtained from mushroom farms by air-drying and crushing the remaining mushroom bags after planting, or it can be purchased from the market; the humic acid and inoculant involved can be purchased as commercial products.

[0019] The humic acid is a commercially available product of sodium humate, containing ≥15% fulvic acid.

[0020] This invention provides a process flow diagram for the preparation of soil conditioners, see below. Figure 1 Through step-by-step pretreatment and precise mixing, the performance of each raw material is ensured to remain stable and the activity of the microbial agent is not damaged. At the same time, the moisture content and standing time are controlled to improve the stability of the modifier.

[0021] Example 1 A soil conditioner for improving the organic matter content of saline-alkali soil, comprising the following raw materials by weight: 30 parts straw, 50 parts mushroom residue, 3 parts humic acid, and 8 parts microbial inoculant.

[0022] Microbial agents include: Trichoderma harzianum (ACCC30588), Bacillus subtilis (ACCC19743), Bacillus megaterium (ACCC10011), and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (ACCC11104).

[0023] The ratio of viable counts of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the microbial agent is 5:5:1:5.

[0024] The effective viable count of the microbial agent is 100 billion CFU / g.

[0025] The soil conditioner contains 200 million live microorganisms per gram.

[0026] The preparation method of the above-mentioned soil conditioner includes the following steps: The straw and mushroom residue are crushed to a particle size of ≤5mm to obtain straw powder and mushroom residue powder; The pretreated straw powder, mushroom residue powder, and humic acid are put into a mixer and mixed for 30 minutes at a speed of 150 r / min to obtain a mixed base material. Mix the microbial agent with the mixed substrate evenly, and spray deionized water while mixing to control the moisture content of the mixture at 25-30%. Continue mixing for 20 minutes, then granulate to obtain granular soil conditioner. Let it stand at 25-30℃ for 3 days, turning it over once a day during this period to obtain soil conditioner. Package and seal it for storage. The particle size range is 2-5 mm, and the moisture content is ≤15%.

[0027] Example 2 A soil conditioner for improving the organic matter of saline-alkali soil differs from Example 1 in that the number of raw materials prepared is different. The raw material composition by weight includes: 20 parts straw, 30 parts mushroom residue, 2 parts humic acid, and 5 parts microbial agent, while the rest are the same.

[0028] Example 1 The application of the soil conditioners prepared in Examples 1-2 above for improving the organic matter of saline-alkali soil in saline-alkali soil.

[0029] The application effect experiment is as follows: 1. The application effect of soil conditioners to enhance the organic matter content of saline-alkali soils. 1.1 Materials and Methods: The maize variety used was Denghai 605. The study was conducted at the Dongying Base of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, with planting on July 3, 2022, and harvesting on October 5, 2022. The test soil was saline-alkali soil from the Dongying Base. The basic physicochemical properties of the soil were: pH 8.21, organic matter 11.96 g / kg. -1 Electrical conductivity 627.55 μS / cm, total nitrogen 0.79 g kg - 1 Available phosphorus 11.22 mg kg - 1 Available potassium 194.78 mg / kg - 1 Soil conditioner, Example 1; Soil conditioner, Example 2.

[0030] 1.2 Experimental Design: The experiment consisted of 3 treatments, with 3 replicates for each treatment. Each plot area was 42 m². 2 The treatments were: (1) no soil amendment (control); (2) soil amendment treatment according to Example 1; and (3) soil amendment treatment according to Example 2. The tested conventional compound fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O was 15-15-15, and the soil amendment application rate was 15 t / hm². 2 The unmodified control treatment received 760 kg / hm² of fertilizer. 2 Treatments 2 and 3 were applied at the standard rates, with additional application rates as in Example 1 and Example 2, respectively. Field management practices remained consistent across all treatments.

[0031] The application method of soil conditioner includes the following steps: (1) Soil pretreatment: Deep plow the saline-alkali land to a depth of 20-30cm and remove debris; (2) Application of soil conditioner: Apply soil conditioner evenly to the soil surface at a rate of 15 tons per hectare, and then till 15-20 cm to fully mix the conditioner with the soil. (3) Post-application management: Water after application to keep the soil moisture content at 60-70%. After standing for 7 days, crops can be sown or transplanted.

[0032] 1.3 Sample Collection and Measurement: During the harvest period, topsoil from the 0-20 cm layer was collected from each plot using a five-point sampling method. Visible plant debris was removed, and the soil samples were air-dried before measuring relevant indicators. Soil pH was measured using a soil-water ratio of 2.5:1, total organic carbon (SOC) was determined using the potassium dichromate volumetric method with external heating, and total nitrogen was determined using the Kjeldahl method. Available phosphorus content was determined using sodium bicarbonate extraction with molybdenum antimony colorimetric method, available potassium content was determined using ammonium acetate extraction with flame photometry, and electrical conductivity was determined using a soil-water ratio of 1:5 extraction method.

[0033] 1.4 Data Statistics and Analysis: SPSS 16 was used to perform analysis of variance on the data, and Duncan's new multiple range method was used to conduct multiple comparisons between different treatments.

[0034] 1.5 Results and Analysis 1.5.1 Effects of soil conditioners on soil organic matter and other nutrient content As shown in Table 1, the soil organic matter and other soil nutrient contents of the treated soils in Examples 1-2 were significantly increased, while the soil pH and electrical conductivity were significantly decreased. Compared with the untreated soils, the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium contents of Examples 1-2 increased by an average of 23%, 15%, 30%, and 2%, respectively; the pH decreased by an average of 0.2 units, and the electrical conductivity decreased by an average of 28%. This indicates that the soil conditioners in Examples 1-2 can significantly increase the organic matter content of mildly to moderately saline-alkali soils and improve soil quality.

[0035] Table 1. Effects of different soil amendments on soil nutrient content

[0036] The experimental results above show that the application of the soil conditioner provided by this invention can significantly reduce soil pH and electrical conductivity, increase soil organic matter content, and improve soil quality.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner for increasing the organic matter content of saline-alkali soil, characterized in that, Its raw material composition includes: straw, mushroom residue, humic acid and microbial inoculants; The microbial agents include: Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria; The straw is shredded corn stalks; The mushroom residue is pulverized edible mushroom cultivation residue; The humic acid is sodium humate, containing ≥15% fulvic acid.

2. The soil conditioner as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial inoculant contains Trichoderma harzianum (ACCC30588), Bacillus subtilis (ACCC19743), Bacillus megaterium (ACCC10011), and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (ACCC11104).

3. The soil conditioner as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The raw material composition of the soil conditioner, by weight, includes: 10-30 parts straw, 30-50 parts mushroom residue, 2-3 parts humic acid, and 5-10 parts microbial inoculant.

4. The soil conditioner as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the microbial agent: the ratio of viable counts of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria is (4-10):(3-7):1:(3-7). Preferably, the soil conditioner contains more than 200 million CFU / g of viable microorganisms; Preferably, the effective viable count of the microbial agent is 100 billion CFU / g or higher.

5. A method for preparing the soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Microbial agents are mixed evenly with other components and then granulated to obtain granular conditioners with a particle size range of 2-5 mm and a moisture content of ≤15%.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The straw and mushroom residue are crushed to a particle size of ≤5mm to obtain straw powder and mushroom residue powder; Preferably, the pretreated straw powder, mushroom residue powder, and humic acid are put into a mixer and mixed for 20-30 minutes at a speed of 150-200 r / min to obtain a mixed base material.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Microbial inoculants are mixed with the mixed substrate in a weight ratio. Deionized water is sprayed while mixing to keep the moisture content of the mixture at 25-30%. Mixing continues for 15-20 minutes, followed by granulation to obtain the soil conditioner. Preferably, the soil conditioner is left to stand at 25-30℃ for 3-5 days, turning it over once a day during this period, and then used directly or packaged and sealed for storage.

8. The application of the soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1-4 in saline-alkali land.

9. The application as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The application method of soil conditioner includes the following steps: (1) Soil pretreatment: Deep plow the saline-alkali land to a depth of 20-30cm and remove debris; (2) Application of soil conditioner: Apply soil conditioner evenly to the soil surface at a rate of 15-30 tons per hectare, and then till 15-20 cm to fully mix the conditioner with the soil. (3) Post-application management: Water after application to keep the soil moisture content at 60-70%. After standing for 7-10 days, crops can be sown or transplanted.

10. The application as described in claim 9, characterized in that, In step (3), an additional application is given every 3-6 months thereafter, with the dosage being 50% of the initial dosage.

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